A Centennial Memorial History of Allegany county, New York, Part 94

Author: Minard, John Stearns, 1834-1920; Merrill, Georgia Drew
Publication date: 1896
Publisher: Alfred, N.Y., W. A. Fergusson & co.
Number of Pages: 1102

USA > New York > Allegany County > A Centennial Memorial History of Allegany county, New York > Part 94

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Peter Frier was another early settler, but those who were destined to most thoroughly perpetuate their names were Henry Utter, who came from

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Delaware county in 1808, and Josiah and John Utter from Otsego county in 1809. The few Axtells now living in Friendship are descended from Aaron Axtell, who came in 1809. Many of his descendants moved to the western states. Axtell, and his son Harry, bought 300 acres of land on the South Branch, and in company with Sylvanus Merriman erected a gristmill about half way between Friendship and Nile villages. Aaron Axtell lived in what is now the George Reed house in Nile, formerly owned by Esquire J. J. Stebbins. The Axtell purchase extended to the town line on the south.

Josiah Utter, a settler in 1809, was one of the most prominent of the pioneers, and more familiarly known as "Captain " Utter. He left seven sons and two daughters, all of whom filled positions of prominence in society or business life. Also among the early settlers were Adam R. Renwick, who came in 1810; Ambrose Willard, a Massachusetts Yankee, in 1812; Dr. Pearse, the pioneer of the locality east of the Townsend Flats, who made his improvement in 1812. and in whose family were three afterward wellknown sons, Benjamin, Levi W. and Alonzo, all closely identified with the later de- velopment of the town. In the same year Justin Cook came from the eastern part of the state and settled on what afterward became the Colwell farm.

The year 1813 witnessed few arrivals in the new community, the events of the war then in progress having the effect to check the westward tide of emigration. The sons of American pioneers were either with the army or on the frontier defenses, and the possible result of the war was then quite in doubt. The scattered Indian occupants of the region were restless through British importunities, and there was little in the general situation on the Holland Purchase at that time to attract settlement. In this year, however, Benjamin Crabtree came to township three, range one, and established a home for an afterward prominent family. He was a native of Massachusetts, but a former resident of Mongomery county, in this state. He died in Friendship in 1848 However, when in 1814 the tide of victory turned in favor of the American arms, westward emigration was quickly resumed and all this portion of the state was flooded with prospective settlers and land speculators. Among the settlers that year we recall the names of Tolcut and Samuel Gold, father and son, Samuel and John Thomas and Obadiah Rouse, all of whom came in company during the spring and early summer. Tolcut Gold was the first town clerk of Friendship, and from the early records kept by him is learned many interesting events of local history. Another settler in the same year was Chester Scott, from New Hampshire. In 1815, according to personal records, the comers to the town were Ira Cotton, who purchased seventy acres from Zebulon Gates, and whose family name is still known in the locality; and also Ebenezer Steenrod, the head of a large fam- ily. He came from Delaware county. Other settlers of about the same period, though perhaps later, were William Niver (1816), Casper Niver, Hugh J. Higgins (1818), and John W. Baxter, the latter in 1820. Russell Porter came in 1821, and about the same time William Mapes and Joseph Gorton.

The old state road through the town was ready for use in 1815, although

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the bridges were not built until later. This great highway of travel and traffic opened the way for more rapid settlement, and within the next half score of years after its completion it is said a tavern was opened and maintained on almost every mile section of land. Farm lines were unknown and fences were an unheard of convenience. The settlers were fully occupied in clear- ing the land, planting crops and preparing outbuildings for the coming winter. At town meetings the freemen assembled to discuss current topics, elect officers and frequently to pay the tax collector. Every settler possess- ed at least one cow, a few swine, a yoke of cattle, or, in case he happened to be prosperous, he might boast ownership of a team of horses. In the absence of lot and farmfence lines the inhabitants registered their cattle and swine mark in the town clerk's office. Hogs were declared in open town meeting to be " free commoners," if properly yoked. This custom of recording cattle brands and marks under the declaration of the owner enables us to furnish the names of other early settlers in Friendship, which otherwise might have been lost. Tolcut Gold, during his term of office, recorded the marks of many of the settlers in old Friendship not before noted, although some of them may have lived in that part of the town afterward set off to later form- ations. In this connection may be mentioned George and John Higgins, Sylvanus Merriman, Squier Marvin, Ralph Ingersol, Othello Church, Bethu- el Clark, Azel Buckley, Ezra T. Peters, Obediah Rouse, Chauncey Cotton, Mark Hickox, Ira Hickox, Luther Axtell, Elisha Strong and Ira Cotton, all "householders" living in the town as early, it is believed, as 1819. At a little later date we find the names of Calvin T. Chamberlain, Nathan Gilbert, John, Russell and James Harrison, "Hyra " Ardell, Alvin Richardson, Elias Steenrod, William Niver, Comfort Hicks, Joseph Barnhart, Hugh J. Hig- gins, Samuel King, John Steenrod, Simeon Wilbur, Samuel Darby, Joseph- G. Gleason, Justin Cook, Edward Steenrod, Jonathan Hickox, Samuel Thomas, Peter G. Chapman, Ambrose Willard, Talent Banks, Daniel Willard and James Maxson. Still others, some of them as late as 1830, were William Noble, Asa Cowles, James Scott, Ebenezer Hyde, John Scott, David B. Banks, Samuel Yapp, William Potter (on the last farm in Friendship on the Cuba road), John Mills, Abel Maxson, Moses B. Sherwin, Joseph Wilcox, Harvey Stannard, Amos Thacher, Joel Wakefield, Homer Kindle, James Van Horn, Anthony Fuller, Abraham Crandall, Joseph Van Horn, Clark New- ton, Newman Crabtree, Benj. Crabtree, Cary Crandall, Joseph Allen, Sam- uel Crandall, James Wheeler, Matthias Lyon, Samuel S. Carter, Valentine Perry, Benj. F. Sisco, Frederick Lombard, Joel Kenyon and Harvey Eames

These settlers, with the pioneers whose names are mentioned elsewhere, laid the foundation upon which has been built up the substantial success of the town, and to their early efforts is due the gratitude of the present gen- eration of inhabitants. They were both lumbermen and farmers, the latter by choice and the former by necessity. The lands must be cleared before they could be successfully tilled, and good authorities state that at one time in its history the town had in full operation twenty-five sawmills. With

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these industries and a local population of nearly 1,500 it was only natural and according to the order of things that the inhabitants of the locality sought a new town organization separate from the mother town of Caneadea.

ORGANIZATION .- The formation of the new town under the name of Friendship was accomplished on the 24th of March, 1815, and on the 7th of April following the first meeting for election of officers was held. Ebenezer Steenrod was chosen moderator, and Samuel Derby clerk. Town officers were elected: John Higgins, supervisor; Tolcut Gold, town clerk; Samuel- Derby, Sylvanus Merriman and William Hungerford, assessors; Ira Hickox, constable and collector; Timothy Hyde, constable; George Higgins and Ben- jamin Crabtree, overseers of the poor; Bethuel Clark, Elisha Strong and Ebenezer Steenrod, commissioners of highways; Samuel Derby, Sylvanus Merriman and William Hungerford, comissioners of common schools; Bethuel Clark, Elisha Strong and Ebenezer Steenrod, inspectors of common schools. The path-masters and "damage prisers " chosen at the time were Bethuel Clark, Othello Church, Zebulon Gates, Mark Hickox, John Utter, Azel Buck- ley and Captain Culver. It was at this meeting that hogs were voted to be "public commoners," subject to the restriction of a proper yoke. The old town records furnish occasional amusing proceedings. A measure adopted in 1822 is worthy of reproduction, viz .: "Voted, that every man that had any Canada thistles on his farm shall cut them by the first day of June, and keep them cut so they shan't blow or forfeit to the town $5."

As is indicated by our narrative thus far progressed, it must be seen that the early settlement of this town was accomplished rapidly and effectu- ally. The pioneers were a sturdy and determined class of men who came to the new country for the purpose of improving their condition, and subse- quent results have shown that their labors were not in vain. The character of the lands in this vicinity was made known throughout the east by the land speculators, sub-agents of the representatives of the proprietary, and we have yet to note the occasion on which these energetic workers rep- resented the land to be less desirable than it in fact was. However, the land agent was not always an unscrupulous shark, and in this region his work was for the ultimate benefit of the people; and it is estimated that in 1815 the newly created town of Friendship contained a total population of 1,500. Yet the reader must remember that the original territory of the town comprised all that part of the county lying west and south of Friend- ship as now constituted. The most energetic land operator in this locality was Colonel Samuel King, acting for and promoting the enterprises of Jo- seph Ellicott, the latter the direct agent of the Holland Land Company. The weight of authority accords to agent Ellicott a general reputation for fair- ness in his dealings with settlers, and occasions are not wanting on which he felt it necessary to check some of the more bold acts of his subordinates. Colonel King dealt in his own interest, and while some of his transactions were criticized and questioned, he nevertheless proved a valuable factor in the early settlement of this special regien.

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HISTORY OF ALLEGANY COUNTY, N. Y

POPULATION .- We have no reliable authority by which can be deter- mined the number of inhabitants on township three, range one, at the time the town was formed. The town was reduced to its present limits after the formation of Wirt, on April 12, 1838, and only since that time can the census reports be regarded as a true index of local population. In 1840 the inhabit- ants numbered 1,244, from which time to the present the increase and changes have been as follows: 1845, 1,401; 1850, 1,675; 1855, 1,838; 1860, 1,889; 1865, 1,725; 1870, 1,528; 1875, 1,871; 1880, 2,127; 1890, 2,216; 1892, 2,199. Thus we notice an almost constant increase in population during the last half century, a remarkable contrast in comparison with the great majority of interior towns in the state. These things indicate thrift, progressiveness and intelligence on the part of the people. While other towns have suffered a gradual decrease in number of inhabitants, the results of decline in agri- cultural pursuits and the profits of farm labor, Friendship, subject to the same influences, has steadily grown and increased both in population and wealth.

DEVELOPMENT .- But this is peculiarly and distinctively an agricultural town, the chief staples being butter and cheese, with all farm products yield- ing well in return to proper cultivation. How changed is the situation in comparison with three score years ago, about 1830, when the whole territory of Western New York was in a state of turmoil on account of the famous anti-rent conflict; and while Friendship was practically exempt from the distressing influences of the period the people were nevertheless affected by it and its occurrences were a subject of comment for many years afterward. For full thirty years following 1830 no untoward event occurred to mar the tranquillity of domestic life or check the onward march of progress in every local business channel. In 1850 the lumbering period had passed into history and in place of the primal forest there appeared fine and well cultivated farms, with excellent dwellings and good out buildings. The whole people seemed to be imbued with a desire to become prosperous, and parents aimed to edu- cate and train their children in useful branches. Schools were established, churches were founded and the opportunities of knowledge were within the reach of all the people. Indeed, the claim has been made, and with much reason, that the inhabitants of Friendship have ever earnestly looked to the educational and spiritual welfare of their families, even from the days of pioneer settlement. As early as 1810 Pelatiah Morgan taught a primitive school, and Samuel Vary and Rev. Robert Hubbard conducted religious services about the same time. A Presbyterian church organization was effected as early as 1815, and soon afterward the Methodist Episcopal work- ers gained a permanent foothold. There wese first events in local annals, which mention suggests the first marriage, that of James Sanford and Sally Harrison, in 1809. The first birth was that of Sherman Haskins, in 1808. The first death is said to have been that of Hattie Frier, also in 1808. The first gristmill was built in 1810 by pioneer Aaron Axtell and Sylvanus Mer- riman, on the South Branch. Othello Church, the prominent early settler,

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built a gristmill on the village site in 1815, and thus laid the foundation for the subsequent municipality. Col. King, the land operator, built the third grist mill, later known as the Baxter mill, in 1825. The first sawmill was also built in 1815, by Ebenezer Steenrod, and in the next year a carding mill and also fulling mill were in operation. Squire Wardell was the pioneer of the distilling industry. Among the numerous early tavern keepers, the pioneer was probably Simeon Gates, who opened public house in May, 1808. However, a few years later, after the opening of the "State " road through the town, at least a dozen taverns keepers began business. One of the first of these was young Hugh J. Higgins, another Ira Hickox, also Elisha Strong and still others until the tide of travel began to subside, upon which the tavern stand was put to other use, while its ever accompanying distillery was removed from the land.

WAR OF 1861-5 .- As we have stated, the history of Friendship from 1830 to 1860 was an uneventful period, an era of peace and progress for the people, in which the resources of the town were fully developed, and the industrious husbandman reaped the rich fruits of earlier toil. Therefore when the storm of war came with all its destructive fury, this town was well prepared to withstand the shock, and we here recall the names of the brave sons of Friendship who joined the ranks, and many of whom are now sleep- ing in graves on southern battle fields. According to the best authority obtainable, the town of Friendship contributed for the service an aggregate of eighty-one men. These were scattered through the several regiments in the county, while a number enlisted in commands raised elsewhere in the state and other states. Through the thoughtful care of interested persons there has been prepared a reasonably reliable roster of Friendship soldiery, a ROLL OF HONOR, as appropriately designated, to which the writer has been given free access, and from which the following list is taken:

Jeremiah Hatch (Prof. Hatch), enlisted July 10, 1862 ; commissioned captain 130th Regt. (Ist N. Y. Dragoons); in camp at Portage, N. Y., Aug. 18, 1862 ; joined Regt. Suffolk, Va., Sept. 12, 1862 ; died Dec. 21, 1862 : buried Friendship, Dec. 27, 1862. William M. Marvin, en- listed Sept., 1861, Co. C, 85th N. Y .; captured Plymouth, N. C., April 20, 1864, prisoner II months ; died Goldsborough, N. C .; buried Union Cemetery, Raleigh, N. C. Lieut. Samuel Sortore, enlisted 1861, 5th N. Y. Cav. ; re-enlisted 1864 ; killed near Centerfield, Va., while lead- ing his company ; buried on field. John D. Sortore, enlisted 1861, 5th N. Y. Cav. ; served one year ; re-enlisted 1862, 136th N. Y. ; died Elmira from amputation of limb. Charles W. Sortore, enlisted 1863, Ist N. Y. Dragoons ; injured Wilderness ; died hospital ; buried Philadelphia. Charles A. Miner, enlisted Sept., 1861, 5th N. Y. Cav. ; killed Winchester, Va , 1864; buried Friendship. George Voorhees, enlisted 1863, 85th N. Y. ; captured at Plymouth, April 20, 1864 ; died Andersonville Aug. 23, 1864. Edwin R. Voorhees, enlisted 1861, 85th N. Y .; captured Plymouth. April 20, 1864; died Andersonville, Oct. 25, 1864. Evart Voorhees, enlisted 1862, 136th N. Y. ; killed Reseca, Ga. ; buried on field. William O. Church, enlisted 1862, 136th N. Y. ; killed Reseca, Ga .; buried on field. James Braedon, enlisted 1862, Co. K., 136th N. Y .; killed near Atlanta, Ga., 1864 ; buried on field. (Brave Comrade Braedon well knew the cruel treatment of Union prisoners by the enemy, and told his companions he would never surrender ; and when called upon by the confederates to do so, emphatically refused, and was ruthlessly shot down.) Addison Howell, enlisted 1862, Co. K. 136th ; killed Chancellorsville, 1863. Perry Smith, enlisted April, 1861, 23d Inf. ; died and buried near Arlington Heights, Va., 1862. Alick Matthews, enlisted Aug., 1862, Co. K, 136th N. Y. ; mortally wounded, Reseca, Ga., 1864 ; buried Chattanooga. John Eldridge, enlisted April, 1861, 23d N. Y. ; veteran ; re-enlisted Jan., 1864, Ist N.

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Y. Dragoons ; killed Travillian Station, Va., June 11, 1864. Jefferson Scott, enlisted April 21, 1861, Co. B. 23d N. Y., for two years ; re-enlisted Jan., 1864, Co. F, Ist N. Y. Dragoons ; wounded right knee Cold Harbor, May 31, 1864 ; died June 18, 1864; buried Friendship. Newton Rew, enlisted 1861, 5th N. Y. Cav. ; captured 1863; died Andersonville March, 1864. William Mandeville, enlisted 1861, 85th N. Y. ; captured Plymouth, April 20, 1864 ; died Andersonville, Aug. 21, 1864. Je- rome Tyler (colored), enlisted Sept., 1861, 85th N. Y. ; captured Plymouth ; died Andersonville, July 19, 1864. Marshall Strong, enlisted 1861, 85th N. Y. ; captured Plymouth ; died Anderson- ville. Stillman Baker, enlisted Dec., 1863, 5th N. Y. H. A. ; killed by cars near Harper's Ferry, Va. Frederick Osborn, enlisted 1861, 23d N. Y .; veteran; re-enlisted 1863, 5th N. Y. Cav. ; killed Piedmont, Va., June 5, 1864. He was ten rods in advance of his company, waving his sword. Buried on field. Leander Phillips, enlisted 1861, 85th N. Y. ; died Meridian Hill, 1862 ; buried Nile. Ocellas Lanphear, enlisted 1861, 85th N. Y .; captured Plymouth April 20, 1864 ; died Andersonville. Chauncey Stebbins, enlisted 1861, 85th N. Y. ; captured Plymouth, April 20, 1864 ; died Andersonville, Aug. 22, 1864. W. Henry Potter, enlisted 1861 ; captured Ply- mouth, April 20, 1864 ; died Andersonville, May 9, 1864. Wallace Clapp, enlisted 1861, 85th N. Y. ; died Friendship, 1864. Francis Henry, enlisted 1863, 5th N. Y. Art .; died hospital Elmira, Feb., 1864. George B. Tanner, enlisted 1861, 85th N. Y. ; captured Plymouth ; died Andersonville, June 7, 1864. George Phelps, enlisted 1861, Co. C, 85th N. Y. ; died Anderson- ville, July 28, 1864. Silas Clark, enlisted 1862, 85th N. Y .; captured Plymouth; died Andersonville. Perry V. Sisson, volunteer substitute for Orrin Sisson home on sick leave ; Perry discharged ; re-enlisted ; captured Plymouth ; died Andersonville. William D. Bradley, non-enlisted volunteer ; captured Plymouth, April 20, 1864 ; prisoner 11 months Andersonville, Milan, Charleston and Florence; died March, 1865, Fortress Monroe. Ira Bassett, enlisted 1862, 13th H. A .; died Norfolk, Va., Oct. 9, 1862. George Dallas (colored), enlisted 1864, 31st N. Y .; killed Virginia, 1864. Henry Morgan, enlisted 1861, 5th Cav. George Coon, enlisted 1862, Co. K, 136th N. Y .; died Dec., 1872. John Stickney, veteran ; enlisted Oct. 21, 1861 ; re-enlisted Sept. 20, 1864, 189th N. Y .; died March 23, 1870. Nathan Merritt, enlisted Sept. 28, 1864, Co. K, 136th N. Y .; discharged June 15, 1865 ; died Friendship. De Witt Voorhees; drowned in Shenandoah at Snicker's Gap. James McCarthy, ran away from home and enlisted at 16 years ; killed at Travillian Station June 12, 1864 ; last words : " Tell father I did not die a coward." Thomas L. Pollard, enlisted Co. B, 189th N. Y .; record unknown. Alpheus Vars, record unknown. Isaac N. Strong, enlisted Co. K, 136th N. Y .; record unknown. Erastus Pardy, enlisted 1861, Co. K, 85th N. Y. ; captured Plymouth ; died Andersonville July 14, 1864. Daniel Sortore, enlisted Co. F, 104th N. Y. ; died Salisbury Feb. 14, 1864. Almeron Hazzard, enlisted Aug. 14, 1862, 109th N. Y. ; died Nov. 1, 1864. James B. Pierce, enlisted 1861 ; died Nashville, Tenn., 1862. H. L. Piper, enlisted 1861 ; died Roanoke Island April 20, 1862. Robert H. White, enlisted Oct. 23, 1863, private Co. E, 3d Wis. Cav. ; died Jan. 20, 1874. Chas. C. Steenrod, enlisted January, 1864, Co. F, Ist N. Y. Dragoons ; killed battle of Wilderness, at Todd's Town, May 7, 1864. Charles McOmber, enlisted April 21, 1861, Co. F, 23d N. Y .; killed Fredericksburg, Va., 1862; buried on field. Talcott B. Cotton, enlisted April, 1861 ; served during war ; died Friendship. Capt. Charles R. Cotton, veteran : enlisted April, 1861, for 3 months ; re-enlisted August, 1861, 69th N. Y .; Com. captain Co. G, 160th N. Y. ; killed Pleasant Hill, La., April 9, 1864 ; buried on field. LeRoy Rogers, enlisted Sept. 16, 1864, Co. B, 189th N. Y. ; died Hinsdale Nov. 5, 1873. George Snyder, enlisted Aug. 13, 1862, Co. K. 136th N. Y. ; died of wounds received Rocky-Faced Ridge, Ga .; buried Louisville, Ky. Zach- ariah Barber, enlisted August, 1862; wounded Gettysburg July, 1863; died Washington, D. C. William S. Howard, enlisted Scio, Ist L. I. ; died January, 1863. Patsey Madden, enlisted Ist N. Y. Dragoons ; died in prison. Charles H. Witter, enlisted 1861, 85th N. Y .; captured Ply- mouth ; died Andersonville. Julius Crandall, enlisted May 21, 1862, 127th N. Y .; died Tusca- loosa, Ala., a prisoner. Alvordo Eastman, enlisted 136th Inf. ; died at Fairfax C. H., Nov. 17, 1862. William P. Carmer, enlisted Aug. 29, 1862, 160th Penn. Vol. Inf .; died rebel prison, Jan. 1, 1864. Oscar Dana, enlisted Jan. 14, 1863, Battery L, 4th U. S. Art. ; died Friendship, May 12, 1880. Spencer France, enlisted 19th N. Y. ; died March 2, 1883. Frank Van Arsdale, enlisted Dec. 28, 1863, 14Ist N. Y. ; died May 14, 1882. Joseph Smith, enlisted 1861 ; buried Friendship. Clarence Hatch, enlisted Ist N. Y. Dragoons ; died at home. Samuel K. Osborn, enlisted 52d Penn. ; died Friendship. Elias Coats, enlisted 23d N. Y .; died Friendship. Ly- man McHenry, regiment unknown ; buried Nile. Andrew I. Allen, regiment unknown ; buried Nile. Andrew J. Cornwell, enlisted August, 1862, Co. B, 136th N. Y .; wounded Gettysburg, July 3, 1863 ; died Feb. 5, 1888, Port Allegany, Pa. Luther B. Main, enlisted 1861, 23d N. Y. ; died at home. George W. Stout, enlisted Co. C, 76th N. Y. ; died March 2, 1864. Milton Pearce, enlisted in 1863, in Indiana ; died at home ; buried Friendship. E. R. M. Rigdon, en- listed 1862 ; died at home. W. Ward Rice, enlisted July 22, 1862, 121st N. Y .; died Aug. 14, 1891. Shedrick A. Evans, enlisted Sept. 16, 1861, 76th N. Y. ; died April 30, 1892. Col. Abi-

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jah Wellman, entered service as major, 85th N. Y., September, 1861 ; died Friendship. (See biography.) Capt. A. A. Crandall, enlisted Feb. 25, 1863, 53d Penn. ; wounded Chancellorsville and Spottsylvania ; prisoner Andersonville 9 months ; escaped ; discharged March 20, 1865 .*

From 1860 to 1890 the population of Friendship increased from 1,889 to 2,216. This was the natural and permanent growth that has characterized the town's history from its organization, and has been divided between the village and outlying localities so far as benefits are concerned. The village is in no sense a manufacturing center, but a trading point of importance in the heart of a rich agricultural region. There has never been any separa- tion for purposes of local government, and the one was dependent upon the other for its maintenance. The lumbering period in the town's history is now a thing of the past, the numerous sawmills have long since disappeared and in their stead we have now large agricultural interests and their equally valuable adjuncts, the creamery and the cheese factories. The Herkimer county methods of successful dairying were introduced to this section by the Messrs. Rice and developed by them to the great advantage of the general public. The Friendship Creamery, located at the village, is the only indus- try of its kind in the town, while the cheese factories are 5 in number, distin- guished and owned as follows: The Nile factory, owned by Costello & Wyant (600 cows, 200,000 lbs. cheese annually); the Barr factory, about 3 miles southeast of the village, owned by Barr & McCarthy; the East Friendship factory, Costello & Wyant, proprietors, and the North Branch factory, the property of Fred Harbeck (300 cows).

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A Centennial Memorial History of Allegany county, New York, Part 94

Author: Minard, John Stearns, 1834-1920; Merrill, Georgia Drew Publication date: 1896 Publisher: Alfred, N.Y., W. A. Fergusson & co. Number of Pages: 1102

Author: Minard, John Stearns, 1834-1920; Merrill, Georgia Drew
Publication date: 1896
Publisher: Alfred, N.Y., W. A. Fergusson & co.
Number of Pages: 1102