USA > New York > Civil List and Constitutional History of the Colony and State of New York > Part 18
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Besides those above enumerated there are several other funds of minor importance of which the State is a trustee, and many of the complications in its finances arise on account of transferring securities from one fund to another during important exigencies in the affairs of the treasury. The Constitution provides that the capital of the common school fund, the capital of the literature fund, and the cap- ital of the United States deposit find, shall be respectively preserved inviolate. The revenue of the common school fund is required to be applied to the support of common schools; the revenue of the literature fund to the support of academies, and the sum of twenty. five thousand dollars of the revenues of the United States deposit fund is each year appropriated to and made part of the capital of the common school fund.
Under the present Constitution, the State Treasurer receives the
159
FINANCES.
public funds, and pays drafts upon the warrants of the Comptroller and Superintendent of Public Instruction. Section eight of article seven of the Constitution provides that no money shall ever be paid out of the treasury of the State, or any of the funds under its manage- ment, except in pursuance of an appropriation by law ; unless such pay- ment be made within two years next after the passage of such appro- priation act; and every law making a new appropriation, or continuing or reviving an appropriation is required to distinctly specify the sum appropriated, and the object to which it is to be applied, and it is not sufficient that such law refer to any other law to fix such sunt. A further provision of the Constitution is that the credit of the State shall not, in any manner, be given or loaned to, or in aid of any in- dividual, association, corporation or private undertaking. Thisrestric- tion does not, however, prevent the Legislature from making such provision for the education and support of the blind, the deaf and dumb, and juvenile delinquents, as to it may seem proper, nor does it apply to any fund or property now held, or which may hereafter be held by the State for educational purposes.
THIE EXECUTIVE.
The Governor was, in the beginning, not only the Chief Execu- tive, but the Chief Judge. The history of the Colony is a history of constant aggressions upon his powers and prerogatives. We have traced the history of these aggressions, and the process by which the present conception of the jurisdiction of the Executive Department has been reached. It remains only to record the changes which have occurred more in detail, and to trace the development of the various administrative bureaus.
The Director-General appointed by the Dutch West India Com- pany had associated with him a Council, but it exercised no control, and rendered no independent decisions. Such executive officers as he needed to see that his will was obeyed were appointed, and some inferior courts were established. The Director and Council pos- sessed supreme judicial powers.
The title of the Chief Executive, under the English government, was, Captain-General and Governor-in-Chief in and over the Prov- ince of New York and Territories depending thereon in America. Hle was also Vice-Admiral of New York and 'Connecticut, and keeper of the Great Seal of the Province. His commission was under the Sign Manual and Great Seal of the Realm, and he held his office during pleasure. With his commission, he received also instructions explanatory of the patent, and these together embodied the powers with which he was invested for the administration of the government. IIe was thereby authorized to suspend members of the Council, for cause, or in case of vacancy, and to nominate others in their stead, provided the number did not exceed seven ; to sum- mons, prorogue and dissolve the General Assembly, and with their consent to make laws, which were to be transmitted within three months, for the royal approval or disallowance ; but all bills affect- ing the prerogative or private property must have the royal assent before they could become law. In the enactment of all laws the
4
一
1793.
5
THE
OF
STATE
IVES
IFEHO
OF NEW
YOR
161
POWERS OF COLONIAL GOVERNORS.
Governor had a negative voice. With the consent of the Council, he could erect and establish courts of justice, and them invest with all reasonable and necessary powers, fees and privileges thereunto belonging, but he could not erect any court not before constituted, nor dissolve any court, already established ; also, with like consent, he appointed judges, justices of the peace, and other officers necessary for the administration of justice ; could pardon all offenses, treason and willful murder excepted ; and, in these cases, grant reprieves until the king's pleasure became known. Ile was empowered to col- late to churches and ecclesiastical benefices, liberty of conscience having been allowed to all persons except Catholics; to grant marriage licenses and probate of wills, and license school-masters and printers ; call out the militia and appoint officers thereof; erect forts, cities, boroughs and towns, and establish fairs and markets ; sign warrants for the issue and payment of public moneys, and, with the consent of the Council, grant patents for lands, ferries, ports, harbors and manors. Finally, he was instructed to give dne encouragement to the Royal African Company of England, in order that the province may have a constant and sufficient supply of merchantable negroes at moderate prices. The salary of the Governor, at the time of the Revolution, was £2,000 sterling, and £400 currency, additional, for fuel and candles. This allowance, however, was exclusive of fees, the amount of which, on land patents, alone, after the elose of the French war, must have been very large. In case of the Governor's death, or of his absence from the province, the Lieutenant-Governor administered the government ; but if no such officer existed, then the eldest conneillor resident within the province took upon himself the administration of the government as President of the Council.
The independent government of New York really began April 19, 1775, and the Presidents of the various Conventions, Congresses and Councils were the Chief Executives of the State. They possessed no powers, except such as were conferred by resolution.
Under the First State Constitution the Governor was chosen tri- ennially, a plurality being sufficient to elect ; was general and com- mander-in-chief of all the militia, and admiral of the navy ; had power to convene the Legislature on extraordinary occasions ; to pro- rogue them from time to time, provided such prorogations did not exceed sixty days in any one year ; 1 to grant reprieves and pardons to persons convicted of crimes other than treason or murder, in which cases he might suspend the execution of the sentence until
1 Governor Tompkins exercised this power in March, 1812; being the only occasion in the history of the State.
3
162
POWERS OF STATE GOVERNORS.
reported to the Legislature at their subsequent meeting, when they were either to pardon, direct the execution of the criminal, or grant a further reprieve. It was also the duty of the Governor to inform the Legislature, at every session, of the condition of the State, so far as respected his department; to recommend such matters to their consideration as appeared to him to concern its good government, welfare and prosperity ; to correspond with the Continental Congress, and other States ; to transact all necessary business with the officers of government, civil and military ; to take care that the laws were faithfully executed, to the best of his ability, and to expedite all such measures as might be resolved upon by the Legislature. He was a member of the Council of Appointment, and President of the Council of Revision.
The Constitution of 1821 changed the term of office of the Gov- ernor from three to two years. No person was eligible to the office who was not a native citizen of the United States, a freeholder of the age of thirty years, and a resident of the State five years, unless absent from it on public business. A plurality of votes was sufficient to elect. In case of a tie, the choice devolved on the Legislature in joint ballot. The power to prorogue the Legislature was not con- ferred. The power to grant pardon for murder was conferred. The power of appointment of officers not made elective was con- ferred on the Governor, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate. The Council of Revision was abolished, and the power to veto all bills passed by the Legislature conferred on the Governor, when a vote of two-thirds of all the members present would be necessary to its passage by the Legislature. The Constitution of 1846 greatly reduced the number of officers appointed by the Gov- ernor by and with the advice and consent of the Senate ; but, in other respects, the powers and duties of the Governor remained the same until the adoption of the amendments to the Constitution in 1874. No person is eligible to the office of Governor who is not at least thirty years of age, and five years a resident of the State. As new offices are created from time to time, the power of appoint- ment is usually conferred on the Governor, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate; and besides the other offices named in this work, he appoints Notaries Public and Commissioners of Deeds in other States and foreign countries, Superintendent of the Onondaga Salt Springs, Port Wardens, Harbor Masters, Captain and Health Officers of the Port of New York, etc. Most of the vacancies occurring in office (except Members of the Legislature and
3
ILATE H
EXCELSIOR
ARMS OF THE STATE AS SHOWN ON THE FAC SIMILE OF THE COL. GANSEVOORT FLAG OF 1778.
PLATE I
SIOR :.
Muchins, Sc. 1118.
ARMS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK : FAC SIMILE of the Initial T, engraved on A NEW YORK MILITARY COMMISSION from Gov. G. Clinton, of June 25,1778.
MLATE J
-
G
EXCELSIOR
FAC SIMILE OF THE ARMS FROM THE PAINTING IN ST PAUL'S CHAPEL N.Y. CITY, 1785.
PLATE K
EXCELSIOR
THE
ARMS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK. AS RE-ESTABLISHED BY CHAPTER 190 OF THE LAWS OF 1882.
163
GOVERNMENT OF THE PROVINCE.
Congressmen) are filled by him until the next general election, and he likewise possesses the power of suspension or removal, under cer- tain restrictions prescribed by statute. He is, ex officio, a Trustee of the finished portions of the Capitol, and of several of the other public buildings of the State. The Privy Seal in use prior to 1853 is shown on Plate L, No. 2. The Seal now in use is the Arms of the State as described in Chapter 190, Laws of 1882, surrounded by the inscription " State of New York - Exeentive Privy Seal."
By the amendments adopted in 1874, the term of office was ex- tended to three years, to take effect with the Governor elected in 1876; the salary was increased from $4,000 to $10,000, and an executive residence was directed to be provided. The Governor was empowered to veto specific items in any bill appropriating money ; and no bill can become a law after the final adjournment of the Legis- lature, unless approved within thirty days after such adjourment.
COLONIAL EXECUTIVES.
DIRECTORS-GENERAL.
APPOINTED.
GOVERNORS.
APPOINTED.
Adriaen Joris
1623
Brigadier Robert Hunter.
June 14, 1710
Cornelis Jacobsen May
1621
Peter Selmiyler, President ....
21, 1719
William Verhulst.
William Burnet ...
Sept. 17, 1720
Poter Minuit.
May
4, 1626
John Montgomerie 12.
April 15, 1728
The Council 2
March -, 1632
Hip Van Dam, President
Inły 1, 1731
Wonter Van Twiller.
April -, 1633
Colonel William t'osby
March 10, 1736 August 1, 1732
Peter Stuyvesant 1.
May 11, 1617
Admiral George Clinton
Sept.
2. 1713
The Colony under the English.
loớt to 1673
Sir Danvers Osborne, Baronet It
(let. 10, 1753
dames De Lancey, Lient .- Gov.
Oct. 12, 1753
Cornelis Evertse, Ir., Jacob Benckes arla Council of War 3.
Ang. 12, 1673
Sir Charles Hardy, Kut .....
Sept. 3, 1755
Anthony Colve 6
Sept. 19, 1673
James De Lancey, Lient .- Gov.
3. 1757
GOVERNORS.
Nov.
18, 1761
Richard Nicolls
Sept. 8, 1001
.lime
14, 1762
Colonel Francis Lovelace 7 ..
Ang 17, 1667
Major Elmund Andros
Nov . 10, 1671
Sir Henry Moore, Baronet.
Nov. 13, 1765
Anthony Brockholles, Commander- in-Chief ..
Nov. 16, 1677
lohn Murray, Earl of Dimmmore 16 William Tryon ...
.lulv
9, 1771
Anthony Brockholles, Commander- in-Chlef
Jan. 13, 11-1
Colonel Thomas Dongan
Ang. 27, 12
Sir Edmundl Andros.
Ang. 1. 1658
Francis Nicholson, Llent .- Gov ..
Ort.
3. Mi-9
PRESIDENTS.
Colonel Henry Sloughter.
March 19, 1691
April 20, 1775
July 26, 1011
Peter V. B. Livingston ....
May
23, 1775
Colonel Benjamin Fletcher ...
Ang. SO, 1692
Nathaniel Woodhull, pro tem.
Ang.
25, 1775
Richard Coote, Earl of Bellomont ...
April 13, 1695
Abraham Yates, dr. pro tem ..
Nov. 2, 1775
lohn Nanfan, Lieutenant-tiovernor
May 15, 1699
Nathaniel Woodlmill.
Dec.
16, 1775
Eirl of Bellomont 10.
July 21, 1.00
lohn Haring, pro trm .. Nathaniel Woodhull ..
Feb. 12, 1776
William Smith, as the eldest Coun- cillor present
March 5, 1701
John Haring, pro fim.
.Intly 9. 1776
Mav 3, 1702
Nathaniel Woodhull
Abraham Yates, Jr .. protom.
Ang.
2, 1776
Richard Ingoldlesby, Lient .- dov
May 9, 1709
Peter R. Livingston .
Sept. 26, 1776
Peter Selinyler, President 11
May 25, 1709
1, 1509
Leonard tiansevoort
April
1, 1777
Richard Ingoldesby, Lient .- Gov. 11 Gerardns Beerkman, President.
April 10, 1510
Pierre Van Cortlandt.
May 1t, 1777
I Sce Arms and Seals.
? Commission Issued September, 1637.
5 Military government. See p. 67.
7 Col. Lovelace was succeeded, August 12, 1653 (N. S. ) by Anthony Colve, who was Director-General under the Dutch during their temporary re-occupancy of the colony.
8 Assumed the title of Lieutenant-Governor, Dec. 8, 16-9, and exeented for high treason, May 16, 1691. 9 The council administered the government from 234 July, when Gov. Slonghter died, to 26th July.
lo Dird March 5, 1701 ; Col. Wm. Smith, senior member of the Council, claimed to be administrator, but the government was administered by the Council until May 19, 1701.
13 Commissioned as Mentenant-Governor, July 30, 1736, and sworn into offler as such October 30, 1736. 11 Commission revoked, September 17, 1709.
Lo"? De La Warr was appointed Governor, June, 1737, but resigned that commission in September follow. 14 Contmitted suleide, October 12, 1753.
ing. 15 Commissioned as Lientenant-Governor, April It. 5561, and sworn into office as such August 8, 1761.
.l Inly v 1530 Is Not recognized by the State,
2%, 1775
James Robertson 18 ..
March 23, 1780
Andrew Elliot, Lient .- Gov. 18
April
17. 1753
Jacob Leister 8
Aug.
7, 1678
Cadwallader Coldon, Lient .- tlov
Sept. 12, 1769
Oct. 19, 1570
Sir Edmund Andros, Kint.
Cadwallader Colden, Lient .- Gos
April 7.1774
William Tryon 17
Major Richard Ingoldlesby, Con- mander-In-thief 9
Phillp Livingston.
Nathandel Woodhill ...
May 18, 1776
lune 19, 1776
Mar 19, 1701
lohn Nanfan, Lieutenant-Governor Edward Hyde. Viscount Cornbury . John, Lord Lovelace ..
D.c.
Peter Schnyler, President .. 6, 1709
Abraham Yates, Ir
Abraham Ten Broeck
March 0, 1777
2 No Director-General In the country. A t'onmission issned 28th July, 1616. 6 Commission dated 12th August.
12 Died July 1, 1731.
10. 1776
William Kicht 3.
March 25, 1638
George Clarke, President 13
August 4, 1760
Oct. 26, 1761
Cadwallader Colden, President 15 ... M.gor-General Robert Monckton ... Cadwallader Coldlen, Lient .- Gov ... Major-General Robert Monckton ... Cadwallader Colden, Lient .- Gov ..
.Inne 25. 1763
Dec. 6, 1775
1625
-
164
GOVERNORS OF THE STATE.
GOVERNORS OF THE COMMONWEALTH.
Elected.
GOVERNORS.
VOTES.
OPPONENTS.
VOTES.
1 ......
George Clinton 1
17-0.
George Clinton 2.
1753 ....
George Clinton 3.
3,584
[ Philip Schuyler
643
17:6.
George Clinton 2.
6,391
Robert Yates
5.92
1702
George Clinton 1 ..
8,440)
John Jay.
8.352
17:5 ..
Jolin Jay.
13, 4~1
Robert Yates
11, -92
1795 ..
John Jay.
24.005
Stephen Van Rensselaer
20,~13
INH
Morgan Lewis ....
30,82
Aaron Burr
:2,129
1:07
Daniel D. Tompkins.
35,074
Morgan Lewis
30,9-9
1:13
Daniel D. Tompkins.
40,324
Stephen Van Rensselaer.
39, 713
1:16.
Daniel D. Tompkins
45,412
Rufus King.
30, 6:47
Jolin Tayler 5
43,310
Peter B. Porter.
1,479
1-20
De Witt Clinton.
47.447
Daniel D. Tompkins,
Solomon Southwick 2,910
-7.03
1926
De Witt Clinton
90,755
William B. Rochester .
96, 135
1825
Martin Van Buren 7
136,794
Solomon Southwick
53,543
1830
Enos T. Throop.
125,812
1 Ezekiel Williams
2.372
1:32
William L. Marcy,
166,410
Francis Granger
156.072
1:31
William L. Marcy.
181, 905
William Il. Seward.
16,909
1:35
William L. Marcy
166, 122
\ Isaac S. Sinith.
3.496
1:35
William H. Seward
192, 5:2
William L. Marcy
1 .- 2, 461
1810.
William H. Seward
222,011
Gerrit Smith.
2,002
1842
William C. Bouck
208.072
Alvan Stewart
§ Millard Fillmore.
231,057 15, 136 187.26 12. 24
1:16
John Young
198, 875
Vozden Edwards.
122, :11
Hamilton Fish.
218,776
Reuben Il. Walworth
1,593
1:30.
Washington Hunt
214,614
S Washington Hunt 9
211,525
1:59
Horatio Seymour.
261,121
Minthorne Tompkins
19,2.9
( lloratio Seymour
156. 495
1351.
Myron II. Clark
156,804
Daniel Ullman
122, 2-2 33, -30 19 -. 616
1:56
John A. King
264, 100
Erastus Brooks.
1:20. 870
1858
Edwin D. Morgan.
247,953
Lorenzo Burrows. { Gerrit Smith
5.470
1560
Elwin D. Morgan ....
358,272
[ William Kelly James T. Brady
19, 501
1-82
Iloratio Seymour ..
306,649
James S. Wadsworth
INit.
Reuben E. Fenton.
368, 557
Jolin T. Honman.
John T. Honman
439,301
Stewart L. Woodford.
Francis Kernan
306,174
1:74 ..
Samuel J. Tilden ..
416,391
Edwin D. Morgan
49,371
1376
Lucius Robinson ..
519,831
Lucius Robinson
375.790
1879
Alonzo B. Cornell
418,507
Harris Lewis
77,560 20.2-6 4,437
1852
Grover Cleveland 10 ..
535, 318
Alphonso A. Hopkins.
25,753
(Epenietus llowe
11,974
David B. Hill 11.
Ira Davenport H. Clay Bascom
30.867
1885
David B. Hill
501,465
George O. Jones.
2.130
1 A fragment of the canvass of 1777 (Miscellaneous Papers 37, Secretary's office), shows the returns from Albany, Cumberland, Dutchess, Tryon, Ulster, Westchester, as follows : George Clinton, 865; John Morin Scott, 386: Philip Schuyler, 1,012; John Jay, 367: Philip Livingston, 5; Robert R. Livingston, 7. The votes from Orange and other southern counties gave the election to Clinton. The returns were made to the Council of Safety, July 9, and the Governor was sworn in on the 30th, at Kingston. He was then in active command of the Milltia, and did not quit the field until after Burgoyne's surrender.
2 WFe are not aware that the results of these elections are preserved. Clinton's majority in 1780 was 3,264.
3 Ten precincts gave in their ballots contrary to the forms of law, and were rejected by the Inspectors. The majority for Clinton in those precincts were proportionate tothe above numbers.
4 The votes of Clinton. Otsego and Tloga counties Were not canvassedl. The reason of this is recorded in the Secretary's office. Deeds, xxiv, p. 219.
5 Acted as Governor from February 24 to July 1, 1817, in place of Tompkins elected Vice-President.
6 Acted as Governor from the death of Clinton, February 11. 1823, till the expiration of the term.
7 Resigned March 12, 1820, on being appointed Secretary of State under Jackson.
of Van Buren's torul.
295, >97 301.264 302,526
Reuben E. Fenton
306,315
Jolin A. Griswold.
411, 355 266,424 392,350
1570.
John T. Hoffman
399.490
John A. Dix
415, 301
John A. Dix
John Kelly
John W. Mears.
(Charles J. Folger
312, 164
1844
Silas Wright, Jr.
241,090
Alvan Stewart.
Silas Wright.
llenry Bradley.
( William Goodell
lloratio Seymour ...
214,352
( Greene C. Bronson.
§ Amasa J. Parker.
( Amasa J. Parker
20.513
S William C. Bouck .
216.45
f Luther Bradish.
1-6. 001 7.963
Joseph C. Yates
12-, 493
De Witt Clinton.
103,452
Samuel Young
Nathaniel Pitcher 6
Smith Thompson
10), 444
Enos T. Throop 8
Francis Granger ...
120, 01
1 :- 9.
George Clinton ....
16,012
Robert R. Livingston.
13,6.2
Daniel D. Tompkins
43,091
Jonas Platt
Ephraim Payne. 520
George Clinton.
De Witt Clinton
[ Jesse Buel
1.5,645
(John A. Dix ..
204,512
Iloratio Seymour ..
490,331
PLATE I.
Nº 1.
Nº 2.
E
E PRI
C
ENCELSIO
SEAZ.
STATE
YORK
OF
Nº 4.
NEW YOR
Nº 5.
NEW
E
FICE . MUOI
ADJY
ENGEL SICK
GENL
165
PRIVATE SECRETARIES - LIEUTENANT-GOVERNORS.
PRIVATE SECRETARY.
By chapter 5 of the Revised Laws, passed December 3, 1827 (to take effect January 1, 1530), the Governor was authorized to appoint a Private Secretary and Doorkeeper of the Executive Chamber, to hold their offices during his pleasure. The office of Private Secretary, however, existed before that date, and is referred to in acts passed in the year 1793 (chapter 93), in 1801 (chapter 173), and in the Revised Laws of 1813. Under the provisions of an act passed April 1, 1858 (chapter 64), the Revised Statutes were so amended concerning the powers and duties of the Governor, as to make the Executive Chant- ber, to a limited degree, an office of Record. This act authorized the Governor to appoint the necessary clerks and messengers, and continue the office of Private Secretary.
PRIVATE SECRETARIES.1
SECRETARIES.
APPOINTED.
SECRETARIES.
APPOINTED.
Henry S. Sraman
Jan. 1, 1857
Charles E. Smith
Sept. 1, 1-63
George Bliss, Jr ....
Jan. 1, 1-50
John D. Van Buren. ...
Jan. 1. 1 -69
Lock wood L. Doty.
1-61
John W. Dix ....
.Jan. 1, 1-73
John F. Seymour
Ja. 1. 1;
Charles Stebblus
Jan. 1, 125
Diedrich Willers, Jr.
Jan. 1. 1-6t
David C. Robinson
lan. 1, 1-77
Beman Brockway ...
Jan. 2, 1-65
Henry R. Abell
Jan. 1. 1:0
George S. Hastings
Mch. 15, 1-65
Daniel S. Lamont
Jan. 1, 1:83
William G. Rice.
Feb. 20, 1-55
LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR.
The office of Lieutenant-Governor, which had existed under the Crown at irregular periods, was established permanently by the first State Constitution. The Lieutenant-Governor must have the same qualifications, and is elected in the same manner and for the same term as the Governor, whose duties he discharges in case of vacancy in that office. He is, de officio, President of the Senate, a Commissioner of the Canal Fund and of the Land Office, a member of the Canal Board, a Trustee of the Idiot Asylum and of Union College, a Regent of the University, a Trustee of the finished por- tions of the new Capitol, and also Trustee of several of the other public buildings of the State, and a member of the State Board of Charities, and of the State Board of Equalization of Assessments. Prior to the adoption of the amendments to the Constitution in 1874, he received a salary of six dollars per day, for each day's attend- ance in the performance of his duties, and mileage ; by those amend- ments his salary is fixed at 85,000 per annum, without other com- pensation, fee or perquisite for any service he may be required to perform.
1 The list is incomplete. The names of those only In office since the passage of the act of Iss are given.
166
GOVERNOR'S STAFF.
LIEUTENANT-GOVERNORS.
LIEUTENANT-GOVERNORS.
ELECTED.
LIEUTENANT-GOVERNORS.
ELECTED.
Pierre Van Cortlandt.
.. 1777
Addison Gardiner 6. ....
Nov. 1, 1814
Stephen Van Rensselaer ..
Apr. 28, 1795
Hannlton Fish 6
Nov. 2, 1817
Jeremiah Van Rensselaer
Apr. 28, 1501
George W. Patterson
Nov. 7, 1:18
John Broome I
Apr. 21, 1~10
Sanford E. Church ...
Nov. 5, 1850
Jolm Tayler 2
Jan. 29, 1814
Henry J. Raymond ..
Nov. 7, 1854
De Witt Clinton 3
Apr. 30, 1811
Henry R. Selden.
Nov. 4,1-56
John Tayler
Apr. 27, 1513
Robert Campbell ...
Nov. 2, 1:58
Erastus Root ..
Apr. 30, 1-22
David R. Floyd-Jones
Nov. 4, 1862
James Tallmadge .
Nov. 1, 1821
Thomas G. Alvord ...
Nov. 8, 1861
Nathanlel Pitcher 4 ..
Nov. 6, 1826
Stewart L. Woodford.
Nov. 6, 1:06
Peter R. Livingston 4.
Feb. 16, 1528
Allen C. Beach
Nov. 3, 1868
Charles Dayau ..
Oct. 17, 1528
John C. Robinson.
Nov. 5, 1872
Enos T. Throop 5 ..
Nov. 3, 1828
Williatu Dorsheituer
Nov. 3, 1574
Charles Stebbins 5
Mch.12, 1829
William Dorsheimer
Nov. 7,176
William M. Oliver
Jan. 5, 1530
George G. Hoskins.
Nov. 4,1879
Edward P. Livingston
Nov. 1,1-30
David B. Hitl 7.
Nov. 7,1822
Jolin Tracy.
Nov. 5, 1832
lan. 6, 18:5
Luther Bradish
Nov. 5, 183>
Dennis MeCarthys. Edward F. Jones
Nov
3, 1885
Daniel S. Dlekinson
Nov. 6.1812
STAFF OF THE COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF.
The Governor, by virtue of his office, is commander-in-chief of the militia of the State. Under the First Constitution, the officers of the staff of the commander-in-chief derived their commissions from the Council of Appointment, and under the Second Constitution direct from the Governor, except the Commissary-General, who was ap- pointed in the same manner as Senators in Congress.
An Adjutant-General is required to be appointed in each State, by an act of Congress passed May 8, 1793; but the office has existed in New York from the time of its organization as a State. The Adjutant-General is Chief of Staff and ranks as Major-General. The remaining members of the Staff (except Aides-de-Camp and Military Secretary) rank as Brigadier-General. The Privy Seal was originally used on military commissions ; 9 bnt by an act passed April 16, 1827, the Adjutant-General was directed to prepare a seal for that purpose, and his office was made an office of record in 1831. The original seal is shown on Plate L, No. 4, and the seal in use until 1883 on Plate L, No. 5. The present seal is the Arms of the State as described in chapter 190, Laws of 1582, surrounded by the inscrip- tion, " State of New York - Adjutant-General."
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