USA > New York > Civil List and Constitutional History of the Colony and State of New York > Part 34
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June
7,1547
Theodore Miller I.
Nov.
5,1:61
Amasa J. Parker.
June
7,1817
Charles R. Ingalls# 1.
Nov.
3.1863
Wilham B. Wright
Nov.
6,1519
William L. Learned + 5.
June
21,1-09
Ira Harris.
Nov.
4,1851
Peter S. Danforth 6
Sept.
21,1-72
Malbone Walson 2.
Nov.
8,1-53
Theodoric R. Westbrook 7.
Nov.
1,1-73
George Gould
Nov.
6, 1555
Anstin Melvin Osborn* 8.
Feb.
12,1575
Deodatus Wright 3.
April
20,1857
Rufus W. Peckham*
Nov.
6, 1-83
Henry Hogeboom 1.
Nov.
3, 1857
Alton B. Parker 9
Nov.
11, 1885
Fourth District.
Daniel Cady.
June
7.1-17
Plalt Potter ..
Nov.
3, 1857
Alonzo (. Paige .....
June
7,1517
Angustns Bockes* I ....
Nov.
8, 1859
John Willard.
June
7,1847
Amaziah B. James 1.
Nov.
5.1-61
Augustus C. Hand
June
7.1-17
Joseph Potter* 1
Nov.
7.1671
Daniel Cady
Nov.
6.1519
Sammel W. Jackson 12.
Nov.
9,171
Cornelius L. Allen.
Nov.
1.1551
Judson S. Landon*
Nov.
4,1-73
Amaziah B. James
Nov.
8, 1-53
William H. Sawyer 13 ...
Dec.
26,1-76
Augustus Boekes 10 ..
1. 1 :55
Charles O. Tappan *.
Nov.
6,1877
Alonzo C. Paige.
Nov.
6,1855
Frothingbam Fish *.
Nov.
6, 1883
Enoch H. Rosekrans 11.
Nov.
6, 1855
Fifth District.
Charles Gray ..
June
7.1-17 H1
Henry A. Foster.
Nov.
3,1863
Daniel Pratt ..
Jnne
7, 1~17
Joseph Mullin 1.
Nov
7.1:05
Philo Gridley.
June
7,1817
Le Roy Morgan ... .
Nov.
5, 1~7
William F. Allen
June
7,1817 Charles II. Doolittle
Nov.
2, 1569
Frederick W. Hubbard ... Nov.
6.1519
George A Hardin" 1.
Nov.
5,1-71
Daniel Pratt ...
Nov.
4.1×1
Milton Il. Merwin* 14.
Nov.
8,1-71
William JJ. Bacon ..
Nov.
8, 1-53
James Noxon 15.
Nov.
2, 1475
William F. Allen ...
Nov.
6, 1555
John C. Churchill* 16.
Jan.
18. 1881
Joseph Mullin ..
Nov.
3,1-57
Irving G. Vanns
Nov.
メ、ノミハル
Le Roy Morgan ..
Nov.
8, 1:59
Pardon C. Williams#
Nov.
6. 1>>3
William J. Bacon
Nov.
5, 1561
George N. Kennedy*
Nov
6, 1853
Sixth District.
Win. IT. Shankland.
June
7,1817
Willlam W. Campbell
Nov.
3,1:57
Hiram Gray
June
7,1817
John M. Parker 1.
Nov.
8,1559
Charles Mason.
Inne
7,1847
Charles Mason 18
Nov.
5,1861
Eben B. Morchonse
June
7, 1817
Ransom Balcom
Nov.
3, 1563
William H. Shankland
Nov.
6. 1849
Douglass Boardman"
Nov.
7,1865
Schuyler Crippen
Jan.
2,1850
William Murray, Jr$ 19.
1-67
Levins Mouson 17 ....
Nov.
1850
Edwin Countryman 20.
Dec.
29,1-73
Iliram Gray ...
Nov.
4,1851
David L. Follett *..
Nov.
8, 1874
Charles Mason
Nov.
8,1553
Colora E. Martin*
Nov.
6,1577
Ransom Balcom.
Nov.
6,1855
II. Boardman Smith*
Nov.
6, 1883
Seventh District.
Thomas A. Johnson.
JJnne
7,1817
Henry Welles
Nov.
5,1-61
John Maynard 21
June
7,1817
James C Smith* 23, 1 ..
May
23, 1862
Henry Welles ......
June
7,1817
E. Darwh Smith.
Nov.
3,1-62
Samuel L. Felden ..
June
7,1817
Charles C. Dwight* 24
March
16, 1568
Thomas A. Johnson.
Nov.
6, 1819
David Romsey 25.
Jan.
7,1-73
Henry W. Taylor 22.
March 27,1850
George W. Rawson
Nov.
7,1576
Theron R. Strong ..
Nov.
4,1-51
James 1. Angel 26.
Dec.
20,1877
Henry Welles.
Nov.
8, 1553
Francis A. Macomber*
Nov.
5,1878
E. Darwin Smith ...
Nov.
6, 1>55
William Rumsey*
Nov.
2,1550
Thoms .1. Johnson 1.
Nov.
3, 1837
George B. Bradley .*
Nov.
6,1583
Addison T. Knox
Nov.
8, 1839
James L. Augei*
Nov.
6,1583
I Re-elected.
2 Died in New Orleans, April, 1857.
3 Appointed rice Watson, deceased. 4 Elected for four years rice Watson, deceased.
5 Appointed rice Peckham, elected to Court of Appeals ; elected Nov. 1870, and re-elected Nov. 4, 1884.
6 Fice Hogeboom, deceased. 7 Died October 6, 1855. 8 Appointed rier Miller, elected Associate Judge Court of Appeals.
9 Appointed by Governor Hill vice Westbrook, deceased. 10 Appointed rice Cady, resigned. 11 Resigned.
12 Appointed by Governor Hoffman vice Rosekrans. resigned. 13 Appointed rice James, resigned.
14 Appointed by the Governor in place of Doolittle, deceased ; elected by the people In November following. 15 Died Jannary 6, 181.
IB Appointed by Governor and Senate, In place of Noxon, deceased, elected in November.
17 Appointed rice Morehouse, died December 16, 181. 18 Resigned January 27, 1863.
19 Appointed rice Mason, resigned ; elected for full term, 1869. 20 Appointed rice Parker, deceased.
22 Appointed vice Maynard, deceased. 21 Died al Anburn March 21, 1850.
23 Appointed rice Knox, resigned ; elected to vacancy.
21 Appointed rice Welles, deceased ; re-elected for full term, November 2. 1869.
25 Appointed rice Johnson, deceased ; elecled in November.
26 Appointed vice Rawson, deceased.
296
SUPREME COURT JUSTICES.
Eighth District.
JUSTICES.
ELECTED.
JUSTICES.
ELECTED.
James G. Hoyt
June
7, 1817
Charles Daniels 9
Nov. 9. 1863
James Mulleit
June
7, 1~47
Richard P. Marvin ..
Nov. 3. 1×3
Seth E. Sul 1
June
7, 1$17
Noah Davis, Jr ... .
Nov. 7. 1865
Richard P. Marvin.
June
7. 1$17
George Barker*
Nos.
7, 1×67
James G. Hoyt.
Nov.
6. 1-19
George D. Lamont 10
Nor.
Moses Tazwart 2
Sept.
27, 1551
John L. Talcott Il
Nov.
2, 10y
James Mullett 3.
Nov.
Charles Daniels'.
Nos.
2. 1.69
Levi F. Bowen 4
Dee.
3, 152
George D. Lantont
Nos.
5. 1871
Benpanin F Green 5
Nov.
8, 1.33
Witham 11. Henderson 12.
March
21. 1-76
Richard P. Marvin
Nov.
6. 1555
Albert Haight*
Nov.
7. 1876
Noah Davis, Jr. 6
April
3, 1. 57
Loran I .. Lewis*
NOV.
7. 1.82
Martin Grover 7
Nov.
3. 1 57
Thomas Corbett*
Nov.
6, 1:53
James G. Hoyt 8.
Sept.
25, 1860
Henry A. Childs*
Nov.
6, 1863
ADMINISTRATION OF ESTATES. ORPHAN COURT.
In virtue of the prerogative, the Director-General and Council of New Netherland were guardians of widows and orphans. It was the duty, at first, of the deacons of the church to attend more immediately to these interests, and to notify the Director of the de- cease of any members of the Commonalty. In New Amsterdam the Burgomasters became ex officio Orphan Masters in 1653, but as they were burdened with many other duties, they were relieved of the latter office at their own request, and special Orphan Masters appointed. The number of these at first was two, but they were increased to three in 1658. Their duties were similar to those of Surrogate. Fort Orange had a separate court.
ORPHAN MASTERS-1653-1664.
16.6 - Director and Connell.
New Amsterdam,
1633.
Wilhelmus Beeckman, Martin Uregjer, rice Beeckman, Johannes Pletersen Verbrugge.
Cornelis Steenwyck, Peter Wolphertsen van Couwen hoven.
Burgomasters.
1655.
Peter Wolphertsen van Couwen- hoven,
Peter Cornelissen van der Veen.
Johannes Pietersen Verbrugge, Allard Anthony, Paulis Leendertsen van der Grist, Johannes de Peyster. 1660.
1061.
Paulis Leendertsen van der Grist, Peter Wolphertsen van Couwen- hoven.
Paulus Leendertsen van der Grist, Johannes de Peyster. Olod' Stevensen van Cortland.
Fort Orunge.
1657.
Peter Wolphertsen van' Couwen- hoven,
1661. Oloff Stevensen van Cortland, Martin Cregier Cornelis Steenwyck. 1062.
Martin Cregier,
1 Died at Buffalo, September 15, 1851. 2 Appointed rice Silt, deceased : elected 1851, for two years.
3 Resigned October 16, 1857.
4 Appointed rice Hoyt, resigned.
5 Died at Fredonia, August 7, 1860. 6 Appointed rice Mullett ; elected 1867 for full term.
7 Elected for two years rice Mullett, resigned ; re-elected for full terin. November 8, 1859.
8 Appointed rice Green, deceased ; elected Nov. 5, 1861, for vacancy and full term.
9 Elected November 3, 1863, vice Hoyt, died October 29. preceding, and appointed to vacancy pending meeting of State Can vassers.
10 Appointed to succeed Davis.
11 Elected to succeed Lamont ; appointed to vacancy.
1652.
The Vice- Director. 1657.
Gloff Stevensen van Cortland. 1653. Peter Wolphertsen van Couwen- hoven,
1659. Peter Wolphertsen van Couwen- hoven,
1663 Allard Anthony, Cornells Steenwyck, Johannes van Brugh, Govert Lookermans, rice van Brugh.
1656.
Allard Anthony, Govert Lookermans, Jacob Strycker.
Jan Verbeeck, Evert Wendel.
12 Appointed vice Lamont, deceased.
297
COLONIAL PROBATE SYSTEM.
PREROGATIVE COURT.
This Court, under the Colony, concerned itself only in the probate of wills and in matters relating to the administration of the estates of intestates, and granting licenses of marriage. The authority to grant probates of wills was vested by the Dake's laws in the Court of Assizes and the Courts of Sessions, the Mayor's Court also exer- cising like jurisdiction. Where the estate exceeded £100, the wills and other instruments of administration were recorded with the Provincial Secretary in the city of New York ; otherwise, with the Clerk of the Court of Sessions. The seal of the Court is shown on Plate P, No. 1.
Granting probates, being a part of the royal prerogative, was subsequently reserved, by the royal instructions, to the Governor or person administering the government. In accordance with this principle, the Legislature passed a law, November 11, 1692, direct- ing that all probates and letters of administration be thenceforth granted by the Governor or his delegate, under the seal of the pre- rogative office, and that two freeholders should be elected or ap- pointed in each town, to have charge of the estates of intestates, which duty, under the Duke's laws, had been performed by the con- stable, overseers and justices. All wills relating to estates in New York, Orange, Richmond, Westchester and King's counties, were to be proved at New York ; in more remote counties, the Court of Com- mon Pleas was authorized to take the proof and transmit the papers to the record office for probate. In 1750 the provision was extended to Orange, and subsequently to the more remote nothern counties. Surrogates, with limited powers, were appointed in other counties at an earlier date, as will be seen by the list elsewhere published.
ORDINARY OF THE PREROGATIVE COURT.
The Governor.
REGISTER AND PRINCIPAL SURROGATE.
OFFICERS.
APPOINTED.
OFFICERS.
APPOINTED.
Secretary of the Province
1692
John Godby 1.
June 6, 1751
Stephen van Cortland ...
Sept.
1696
Goldsborow Banyar I
June
7. 1762
The Council or any three of them.
Sept.
9, 1702
John French
Ort. 1700
John Bridges, L.L. D.
Sept. 9, 1702
Francis Child, deputy ..
July 7, 1709
George Clarke or his deputy ....
1703
Philip Livingston.
AUK.
1-, 1768
S. S. Broughton I ....
Aug.
8, 170t
Francis Child. deputy.
April 26. 1764
Thomas Wenham I
April
10 1-05
Goldsborow Banyar ..
Sept.
13. 1769
Isaac Bobin 1 ...
Aug.
26, 1721
Edumind Fanning
1771
Goldsborow Banyar 1.
Ovt.
12, 1753
Samuel Bayard, Jr.
1 Deputies to MIr. Clarke.
298
STATE PROBATE SYSTEMS.
COURT OF PROBATES.
In 1778, the Legislature passed an act' divesting the Governor of the powers he possessed under the Colonial period in the Preroga- tive and Probate Courts, and transferring them to the Judge of the Court of Probates, except in the appointment of Surrogates. In 1787, Surrogates in each county were empowered to be appointed, the Judge of the Court of Probates holding jurisdiction in cases of decease out of the State, or of non-residents within the State. An act was passed March 10, 1797, providing that the Court should be held in Albany, and that the Judge and Clerk should remove the papers and documents of the Court to that city, and reside there. The Court held appellate jurisdiction over the Surrogates' Courts. It was abol- ished on the 21st of March, 1823, its records deposited in the office of the Clerk of the Court of Appeals at Albany, and its jurisdiction conferred on the Chancellor. We give a representation of the Seal of the Court on Plate P, No. 4.
JUDGES OF THE COURT OF PROBATES.
JUDGES.
APPOINTED.
JUDGES.
APPOINTED.
Thomas Tredwell
Mch. 13, 1778 6. 17×7
John Champ lin T. Van Wyck Graham
Feb. 11. 1911
Peter Ogilvi :.
April
Mch. 16, 1×13
Leonard Gansevoort.
April
5, 1799
Gerrit Y. Lansing
July
8, 1816
SURROGATES. ?
Surrogates under the First Constitution were appointed for an unlimited period by the Council of Appointment, and an appeal lay from their decisions to the Judge of the Court of Probates of the State. Under the Second Constitution they were appointed by the Governor and Senate for four years, and appeals lay from their deci- sions to the Chancellor.
The Constitution of 1846 abolished the office of Surrogate except in counties where the population exceeds 40,000, and devolved its duties on the County Judge. In counties exceeding in population 40,000, the Legislature may authorize the election of Surrogates. They are elected for a term of six years, and are allowed to take the acknowledgment of deeds and administer oaths in the same manner as County Judges.3
1 An act to organize the Government of the State, March 16, 1778. (1 Greenleaf, 17. )
2 For names of Surrogates, see Civil Divisions.
3 Laws 1-51, ch. 175.
299
COLONIAL COURTS OF SESSIONS.
The Constitution authorizes the Legislature to provide for the dlection of a county officer to perform the duties of Surrogate in case of his inability, or of a vacancy, and to exercise such other powers in special cases as might be provided by law. This has been done in several counties, by special acts passed on application of the respective Boards of Supervisors. The Surrogates' Court, in each county, is a court of record, having a seal.
COUNTY COURTS.
A Court of Sessions was held in each of the three ridings of Yorkshire,1 by the resident justices of the peace, three times a year, viz .: in the first, second and third weeks of the month of March, June and December. It heard matters in equity, and acted as a Court of Probate. The mode of procedure was by bill and answer, and the court exercised jurisdiction in actions from £5 to £20. Appeals lay to the Assizes. Actions of assault and battery, breach of the peace, and such like, were triable before this court, but it could not take cognizance of any cause or crime for which provision was not made in some law, but was obliged to remit such causes or crimes, with the evidence, to the Court of Assizes, for final dispo- sition, according " to the known laws of England." All actions were tried before a jury of seven men, taken from the overseers of the different towns within the riding. In capital cases the jury consisted of twelve.
In 1653 an act was passed directing that a Court of Sessions be held by three justices of the peace, in each of the twelve counties of the province, as follows: In New York four times, in Albany three times, and in the remainder of the counties twice each year. The Governor and Council were authorized to designate the times for holding the courts in Duke's and Cornwall counties. In the city of New York the court was held by the mayor and four aldermen. It determined all canses, civil and criminal, by a jury, but actions ex- ceeding £5 could be removed, on application, to the Court of Oyer and Terminer. It had a marshal, or erier, and a clerk.
By the act of 1691, and ordinance of 1699, the functions of this court were confined to criminal matters ; civil cases were transferred to the Court of Common Pleas. Upon the adoption of the Constitu- tion of 1546, a County Court was organized in each county of the State, excepting New York, and provision was made for the election
1 This municipal division included Westchester, Long Island and Staten Island.
300
COUNTY COURTS.
of one County Judge' in each county to hold the same, who shall have such jurisdiction in cases arising in Justices' Courts, and in special cases, as the Legislature may prescribe ; but shall have no original civil jurisdiction, except in such special cases. The Legisla- ture may confer upon him equity jurisdiction in special cases. In pursuance of these provisions, the Legislature has given the County Judge jurisdiction in actions of debt, assumpsit and covenant, in sums not exceeding 82,000; in cases of trespass and personal injury, not to exceed $500, and in replevin suits, 81,000. The Legislature has also conferred npon the County Court equity jurisdiction for the foreclosure of mortgages; the sale of the real estate of infants; partition of lands ; admeasurement of dower, satisfaction of judg- ments whenever $75 is due on an unsatisfied execution, and the care and custody of lunaties and habitual drunkards. The new judiciary article continued the County Courts with the powers and jurisdiction they then possessed, subject to the action of the Legislature. They were also given original jurisdiction in all, cases where the defendants reside in the county, and in which the damages claimed shall not exceed $1,000. 'The Legislature may confer additional original and appellate jurisdiction. The tenure of office of the County Judge was extended from four to six years, upon the election of the suc- cessors of present incumbents.
The Constitution associates with the County Judge, two Justices of the Peace, to be designated by law, to hold Courts of Sessions, with such criminal jurisdiction as the Legislature shall prescribe, and perform such other duties as may be required by law.
The Constitution authorizes the Legislature to provide for the election of a county officer to perform the duties of County Judge in case of his inability to act, or of a vacancy, and to exercise such other powers in special cases as may be provided by law. This has been done in several counties, by special acts passed upon the appli- cation of the respective Boards of Supervisors. The times of holding the County Court and Court of Sessions in each county are fixed by the County Judge, and he may also, in certain cases, make orders in causes pending in the Supreme Court and exercise the powers of a Supreme Court Justice at Chambers. The Clerk of the County is also clerk of these courts, except of the Court of Sessions in the counties of New York and Kings.
1 The list of First Judges and County Judges will be found under the department of Civil Divisions.
301
COMMON PLEAS.
COURT OF COMMON PLEAS.
This Court was established in New York and Albany, by the charters of 1686. A Court of Common Pleas was erected for cach county by the act of 1691. At first it was composed of one judge, with the three justices, but in 1702 it was ordered that the judge be assisted by two or more justices in holding the court, all of whom were appointed by the Governor, and held office during his pleasure. It had cognizance of all actions, real, personal and mixed, where the matter in demand exceeded the sun of £5 in value. Its practice as- similated both to the King's Bench and Common Pleas at West- minster. Its errors were corrected in the first instance by writs of error brought in the Supreme Court. Appeals were allowed to the Supreme Court for any judgment where the amount involved ex- ceeded the sum of $20. The court was also authorized, in the more remote counties, to take the proof of wills and transmit the proceed- ings to the record office in the city of New York. The clerks were appointed by the Governor -except the clerk at Albany, who, in some instances, was appointed by the King-and held their offices citlier for life, or during the pleasure of the appointing power.
The Court of Common Pleas was continued from the Colonial period. For most of the time under the First Constitution, the number of Judges and Assistant Justices in the various counties differed widely, in some counties the number being as great as twelve of each. By an act passed March 27, 1818, the office of Assistant Justice was abolished, and the number of Judges was limited to five, including the First Judge. The Court was continued without ma- terial change by the Constitution of 1821. . The Judges were ap- pointed by the Governor and Senate for a period of five years. The seals of the several County Clerks were the seals of the Court. This Court, except in the city and county of New York, ceased to exist, upon the adoption of the Constitution of 1846.
1 The Court of Common Pleas for the city and county of New York is the oldest Judicial tribunal in this State Buddy's History of New York, C. P. I.E. D. Smith's reports, xvi. Under Dongans charter, in I.v. the former Mayor's Court was called a Court of Common Pleas, an Fits civil and criminal jurisdiction de- und dil , skin; but it was still knownas the " Mayor's Court, " as it was called under the Dutch, Atter the vear liss, the criminal branch of'it was called the " Court of Sessions.
The ordinance by the Governor and Council, made May 15, 1099, establishing this court, may be found in the Revised Laws of 1913, vol. 2, p. 10, App
The " Mayor's Court" was pre-iled over by the Mayor and Recorder alternately White Martin Liv. heston was Recorder, Mavor Clinton ceased to preside in the Mayor's Court, and from that time umil t-11. the Recorder sat as presiding judge m the latter rout In 1421, an act was passed (chap. 721 changing its name of the " Minor's Court, " to the Court of Common Pless for the city and county of New York, and the office of First Judge was created. The Mivor, Recorder and Aldermen were still authorized to sh mit formerly, for the First Judge was empowered to hold the court without them, and it was hi- special mmy to hold it.
Previous to the art of 1800 (chap to )the County Clerk was ex-oficio Clerk of the Court of Common Plan. Under that law of 1St, Beng. Il. Jarvis was appointed terk of the Court of Common I'leas, which position he bell until his death in September, Is, when Nathaniel Jarvis, Jr., was appointed.
302
MUNICIPAL COURTS.
CITY COURTS.
The City Courts were composed of the mayor and aldermen during the Colonial period and for a long time thereafter. They occasionally had jurisdiction in matters pertaining to courts of pro- bate and surrogates' courts. In the time of Andros, in 1678, admiralty cases were tried in the Mayor's Court of New York, by special commission. The act of 1683 provided that, in the city of New York, the court should be composed of a mayor, and four aldermen, and be held four times a year. In 1686 Albany was in corporated, and the court was to be held three times a year. The mayor, recorder and four aldermen were also associated with the judge in holding the courts of Oyer and Terminer. The act of 1691 affirmed the powers of these courts, and provided for appeals to the Supreme Court for any judgment above the value of £20. Their powers were the same as those of the Common Pleas and Sessions. City Courts are now varionsly constituted.
SUPERIOR CITY COURTS.
The amended Judiciary article of the Constitution (art. vi, § 12) provides: " The Superior Court of the city of New York, the Court of Common Pleas for the city and county of New York, the Superior Court of Buffalo and the City Court of Brooklyn are continued, with the powers and jurisdiction they now severally have, and such for- ther civil and criminal jurisdiction as may be conferred by law." These courts were reorganized in pursuance of this article, under various legislative enactments ; and, by the Laws of 1873 (ch. 293) were termed " Superior City Courts," and were vested with original jurisdiction, at law, and in equity, concurrent and co-extensive with the Supreme Court, of all civil actions, and of all special proceedings of a civil nature. Appeals are taken direet from these courts to the Court of Appeals.
The Court of Common Pleas of the city and county of New York is the oldest judicial tribunal in this State (see page 301). It was continned under the Constitution of 1846. The three judges in office when the amended Judiciary article was adopted were con- tined, and the election of three additional judges was directed.
The Superior Court of the city of New York was established by an act passed March 31, 1828. It was the principal commercial court. Equity jurisdiction was conferred upon it by the Judiciary act of 1847. Three justices were added in 1849 (Laws 1849, ch. 124), law
303
SUPERIOR CITY COURTS.
and equity jurisdiction given, and cases were transferred to it from the Supreme Court.
A Recorder's Court was created for the city of Buffalo by an act of the Legislature passed in 1839. The appointment of the Recorder was vested in the Governor. The office was made elective hy the people, by the Constitution of 1846. The court was reorganized in isst, and merged into the present Superior Court, with three judges, whose terms were fixed at six years. The Recorder served as a judge for the remainder of his term (two years). The court was one of criminal jurisdiction the same as the Supreme Court of Over and Terminer.
The City Court of Brooklyn was established by chap. 125 of the Laws of 1849. Prior to 1870 the Court consisted of one judge, elected for six years, known as "City Judge; " since that date it has consisted of three judges who are known as Judges of the City Court of Brooklyn, and are elected for the term of fourteen years from the Ist day of January succeeding their election.
The Constitution requires that the Judges of each Court shall ap- point a Chief Judge from among their own mmher.
Other city courts are the Recorder's Courts of Utica and Oswego, the Mayor's Court of Hudson and the City Court of Albany and the City Court of Yonkers.
JUSTICES SUPERIOR COURT, NEW YORK CITY.
CHIEF JUDGES.
APPOINTED OR ELECTED.
TERMS EXPIRED.
ASSOCIATE JUDGES.
APPOINTED OR ELECTED.
TERMS EXPIRED.
Samuel Jones,
April
1828
May, 1$17.1
Lewis B. Woodruff.
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