USA > New York > Columbia County > History of Columbia County, New York. With illustrations and biographical sketches of some of its prominent men and pioneers > Part 33
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Next after the Reformed came the Lutheran form of worship, which was held among the Palatines at the East Camp immediately after their arrival there. This, how- ever, could hardly be termed a regular church organization. It did not prove permanent, and there was probably no church building ever erected for its worshipers. Their minister in 1711 appears to have been John Frederick Haeger, as there are documents still in existence at Albany bearing that date, and his signature as minister at the East
124
HISTORY OF COLUMBIA COUNTY, NEW YORK.
Camp. What does not appear quite intelligible, however, is the fact that this same clergyman is found a few years later heading a petition for the building of a house to be used for worship according to the forms of the Church of England.
A Lutheran church was established at Churchtown (in Claverack ) before 1750, one on Livingston manor in 1764, and one in Ghent before the Revolution. The church at Kinderhook was formed about 1825.
The disagreements between the Reformed and Lutheran churches were very bitter in the town of Albany ; * but it does not appear that they ever extended to this part of the county.
On the 31st of October, 1817, there was held at Church- town, in Claverack, a " Celebration of the Centurial Day of the Reformation," at which there was a vast concourse of people, embracing clergymen of all the denominations in the county, who vied with each other in exhibitions and expressions of kindly and fraternal feeling. Of this the Northern Whig of November 11 said, " The clergy, in their own example, manifested to a large company, composed of gentlemen from the city of Hudson and the neighboring towns, who dined with them, that religious tolerance and the absence of prejudice which ought to characterize the society of good men, inasmuch as they are all heirs of the same kingdom of the common Father in Heaven."
The Church of England was first established in the colony of New York in 1686, Bishop Compton being at that time authorized " to exercise all ecclesiastical jurisdiction in the Plantations," including the licensing of schoolmasters com- ing hither from England ; and the bishop's power was ex- pressly declared in colonial instructions. The earliest ref- erence to Episcopalian worship within the territory now Columbia county is found in one of the Palatine documents. It is "The humble petition of John Frederick Haeger, clerk, John Cast, and Godfrey De Wolven, on behalf of themselves and upwards of sixty families of Palatines in Dutchess county," and dated Oct. 8, 1715. After reciting that they had always attended divine service as decently as possible, but with great difficulty, for lack of a convenient place to shelter them from the inclemency of the weather, that they held themselves bound to continue on the Palatine tract, and that nothing could contribute so much to render that settlement comfortable to the petitioners as a place of public worship, they proceeded as follows :
"Your petitioners humbly Pray that yo'r Excellency will grant them Your License for building a church in Kingsberry, of sixty feet in length and forty feet in width, to perform Divine Service according to the Liturgy and Rites of the Church of England, as by Law Es- tablished, and also to grant your Petitioners the Liberty to Crave the favor and Charity of well-disposed People for such aid and assistance as may cnable them to Erect such a Place for Divine Service in the
manner aforesaid, which will remain a Monument of yo'r Piety, and where yo'r Petitioners will in their joint Publick as in their Private Prayers as in Duty bound ever Pray for yo'r Excellency's prosperity.
(Signed) "JOHN FR. HAEGER."
The petition, which was made on behalf of the remaining remnant of the Palatines, after the main body of them had migrated to the "Schoharie country," leads to the belief that, after their departure, these had abandoned their origi- nal Lutheran worship and (for some unknown cause) adopted that of the Established church ; and it is also noticeable that Mr. Haeger, who had been their minister in 1711, was still their leader under the new form of worship which they had adopted.
Beyond the fact that the prayer of the petitioners was granted there is nothing to show what was its result, whether or not the church building was erected, how regu- larly and successfully they sustained that form of worship, or how long it continued to be observed by them.
During a period of eighty years from that time there ap- pears to have been no other Episcopalian organization here, the next being the church which was formed at Hudson in 1795, and which for many years was the only one of the denomination in the county. This, as well as those of sub- sequent organization, are elsewhere noticed.
Presbyterian-Congregational worship was regularly estab- lished before the Revolution, its principal seat being in those eastern towns of the county which were largely settled by people from Massachusetts and other New England States. A Congregational church (now the “ Church in Christ") was formed at New Concord not far from 1770 ; a Presbyterian church at Spencertown about 1761. A Con- gregational and Presbyterian church commenced worship in a log building in New Lebanon about 1772, and one in Chatham about the same time. A Congregational church was formed in Austerlitz about 1792. The Presbyterian church at Hudson was organized about 1790; that in Ca- naan commenced in 1829; that at Hillsdale about 1830; and one was organized at Valatie in 1833.
There were Baptist organizations both in New Lebanon and Canaan as early as 1776. That in New Lebanon was ministered to by the Rev. Joseph Meacham, who was per- haps the earliest preacher of that persuasion who labored within the present limits of the county. The Canaan church met at Flat Brook, but its duration was not long. Another organization was effected in the same town in 1793, and has continued until the present time. A Baptist or- ganization was had at Hillsdale about 1787. The West Hillsdale Baptist church was organized at Craryville in 1803, and ten years later regular services by this denomi- nation were commenced in East Chatham.
It is not easy to say at what date meetings for worship were first held in this county by the Methodists. The Rev. Freeborn Garretson, who married a daughter of Judge Livingston, of Clermont, commenced as an itinerant Meth- odist preacher in 1775, and was, in 1788, appointed pre- siding elder of all circuits from New Rochelle to Lake Champlain ; and, as his residence was at Rhinebeck, almost upon the border of this county, there can be little doubt that as early as the years of the Revolutionary war he performed missionary work here, as there were certainly
* Among the old documents at Albany is a pass or order made hy Governor Andros, dated Nov. 6, 1674, which reads as follows :
" Permitt and Suffer the Bearer hereof, Domine Bernardus Arsen- ius, to Passe from hence [N. Y.] to Albany, with his Necessarys, in the Sloope whereof Clacs Tysen is master, and to Officiate there as Pastor of the Augustine or Lutheran congregation as formerly under the English Govt., without any maoner of Lett, hindrance, or moles- tacion whatsoever."
+ East Camp was then a part of Dutchess, not being ceded to Albany county until 1717.
125
HISTORY OF COLUMBIA COUNTY, NEW YORK.
Methodist people in several of the eastern towns of the county from the time of their first settlement. The first Methodist church organization in the county was at Hud- son, in 1790. Other churches of the denomination were formed iu Chatham and at Red Rock in Canaan in the year 1800, a second in Canaan was organized in 1804, and one in Hillsdale in 1807, by Rev. William Swayze. From those days the church within the county has increased to its present prosperous and flourishing condition.
The first Friends' meeting in the county was formed at Rayville, about the year 1777, and soon after numbered about forty members. The meeting at Hudson was estab- lished immediately upon the arrival of the New England settlers there, in 1784. In Ghent, the Friends were organ- ized through the efforts of Thomas Scattergood, of Phila- delphia, who first held open-air meetings there in 1793. The sect is now much less numerous in the county than in former years.
The Universalist society in Hudson was formed in 1817. It is large and prosperous, but is the only one of the de- nomination in the county.
A society of the " Christian Church" was organized in Canaau in 1829, and a second at Clermont in 1833. That which is located in Austerlitz was organized about 1851.
Roman Catholic worship was commenced in Chatham in or about the year 1855. There are now seven other churches of this religion in the county, but all of a recent date of organization.
In the above brief mention of the different religious denominations we have aimed at but little more than to give the dates of their respective beginnings within the limits of Columbia county. The different churches of each denomination will be found specially mentioned in the histories of the towns in which they are located, and an extended account of the Shaker community is given in the history of the town of New Lebanon.
The following statistics of the different churches in Columbia county are taken from the New York State cen- sus of 1875. Their absolute accuracy cannot be vouched for, though they are undoubtedly very nearly correct:
DENOMINATIONS.
Number of Or-
ganizations and
Edifici s.
Sittings.
Membership.
Value of Church
Lots.
Value of other
Annual Amount
of Salaries paid Clergy.
African M. E. Zion.
2
1050
$11,200
$600
Baptist
7
1975
613
44,500
$3,100
4,250
Christian
650
175
5,500
...
1,000
Congregational.
2
550
101
6,000
850
Ev. Lutheran
12
4000 1500
101,100
16,800
7,860
Friends
2
430
94
3,200
2,000
Friends ( Hicksite).
1
200
1,500
Friends (Orthodox).
1
75
1,000
Jewish
1
75
7,000
Methodist Episcopal.
28
9755 2903
157,000
26,600
17,700
Presbyterian.
7
2875
799
83,000
13,300
6,950
Protestant Episcopal ..
9
2070
631
101,800
13,800
4,750
Reformed#
16
7200 2390
165,000
......
Roman Catholic.
7
2775
4525
60,000
21,000
4,500
Shakers.
1
1000
271
15,000
Universalist.
1
450
83
40,000
7,000
2,100
* The statistics of the Reformed church in this county are not given in the census of 1875. We have therefore collected the above figures with care from other sources, and believe them to be correct. The item of value of church edifices and sites is intended to cover the value of all other real estate owned by the Reformed church.
COLUMBIA COUNTY SUNDAY-SCHOOL ASSOCIATION.
This is an association composed of nearly all the Sabbath- schools in the county, working auxiliary to the New York State Sunday-school Association; and to its aid come the town Sunday-school Associations, although these town associations are not in as perfect working order as they should be. The results of the work will show more favorably as the town organizations become more perfect. After a few years of suspension of work this association again sprang into life in the spring of 1869, when a convention was held at Hudson, presided over by Rev. G. W. Warner, of Canaan, an earnest Sabbath-school worker, whose heart was then and is now in the work. Since that time conventions have been held regularly annually, and some years semi-annually, with no lack of interest, but continually increasing earnest- ness.
The following table shows the list of conventions which have been held since 1869, also giving the names of the officers :
When held. Place.
President of Con- vention.
County Secretary.
Spring, 1869 ..... Hudson.
Rev. G. W. Warner. Rev. A. Mattice.
October, 1869 ... Claverack.
Rev. A. Flack.
May, 1870 ........ Chatham Village.
Rev. A. Coona.
October, 1870 ... Germantown.
May, 1871 ........ Valatie.
Dr. A. Abbott.
November, 1871.Canaan 4 Cornere. A. I. Bristol.
May, 1872 ...... ... Churchtowo.
H. K. Smith,
October, 1872 .... Ghent.
May, 1873 ......... Chatham Village. J. Wesley Jones.
November,1873.Valatie.
Rev. J. B. Drury.
May, 1874 ..... ... Claverack.
Rev. N. H. Van Aradale.
May, 1875 ......... Chatham Village.
Rev. J. G. Griffith. F. II. Webb.
May, 1876 ......... Hillsdale.
A. I. Bristol.
Rev. G. W. Warner. =
June, 1877. .. Ghent.
J. Spencer Hosford.
May, 1878 ......
Kinderhook.
Rev. HI. A. Starks. 44
$4
Statistics showing the condition of the work are gath- ered each year by the county secretary, with the assistance of the town secretaries, from each Sabbath-school, thus giving a basis for future work, and helping to show the condition of the work in the whole State.
The work of the association is to thoroughly organize Sabbath-school work in the county by the gathering in of all the children, and also by encouraging the study of the Bible to a greater extent. The importance of the work has been gradually growing in the minds of the people, and still continues to grow.
The officers of the association for the year beginning May, 1878, are : President, Rev. Henry A. Starks, Chatham ; Vice-Presidents, Abel I. Bristol, Henry L. Warner, Levi Coons ; Secretary and Treasurer, J. Spencer Hosford, Kin- derhook ; Town Secretaries, Ancram : A. A. Vosburgh, Copake ; Austerlitz : L. S. Griswold, Spencertown; Canaan : Ralph Hall, Canaan Four Corners; Chatham : William B. Howland, Chatham Village; Clermont : Martin Williams ; Claverack : W. A. Harder, Jr., Philmont ; Copake : -; Gallatin : Rev. D. B. Wyckoff, Mount Ross ; Greenport : Rev. J. S. Himrod, Hudson ; Germantown : Rev. James Wyckoff; Ghent : Rev. S. A. Weikert; Hillsdale: A. F. Park ; Hudson : A. S. Peet ; Kinderhook : Rev. W. In- galls ; Livingston : James Ham ; New Lebanon : C. W. Bacon, New Lebanon ; Stockport : Alfred Ostrom, Stuy- vesant Falls ; Stuyvesant : Edw. Van Alstyne, Kinder- kook ; Taghkanic: George Best, Churchtown.
The following is the statistical table for 1877 ; four schools did not make any report, and are estimated :
and
Edifices
Real Estate.
..
...
=
October, 1876 .... Churchtown.
126
HISTORY OF COLUMBIA COUNTY, NEW YORK.
STATISTICAL TABLE, 1877.
TOWNS.
Number of Schools.
Officers and Teachers.
Scholars.
Adult Scholars.
Total.
Average Altend'ce.
Couv.
Amount expended.
TOWN SECRETARIES.
Aneram
4 646 6
69
253
109
431
233
21
$31.00
Austerlitz
49
208
67
324
205
1
50.00
A. A. Vosburgh. L. S. Griswold. Ralph Hall.
Chatham
13
166
828
307
1,301
795
20
505.42
Clermont.
3
30
150
180
100
.....
Claverack
10
111
602
205
918
607
00
168.47
Copake ..
3
39
169
67
275
140
30
49.75
Gallatin
4
41
133
45
219
158
6
32.70
Greenport.
3
50
258
105
413
205
3
8.56
Ghent
7
85
324
126
535
295
4
208.13
Hillsdale
S
108
335
202
645
318
2
118.70
Iludson
14
292
2138
173
2,603
1869
76
2058.09
Kinderhook
9
121
653
112
886
572
11
725.79
Livingston
5
65
262
69
396
229
24
85.50
Robert Hood.
New Lebanon.
4
56
183
65
304
188
4
52.24
C. W. Bacon.
Stockport.
3
62
364
15
441
285
15
99.60
Gustavus Rodine.
Stuyvesant
4
42
220
12
274
182
22
81.00
Taghkanic.
1
11
49
19
79
35
S
37.57
Schools not reporting, estimated.
4
48
280
64
392
200
12
50.00
Total.
113
1540
7831
1915
11,286
6983
273
$4771.86
At the international Sunday-school convention, held in Atlanta, Ga., in April of this year (1878), this State was one of the seven " banner States" which could report every county organized.
MORAL SOCIETIES,
having for their object " to oppose and reform the prevail- ing disregard of the Sabbath," were formed here about the year 1814. On the 10th of January, in that year, the " Columbia Moral Society" was formed at Hudson, a ser- mon by the Rev. Azariah Clark being preached on the oc- casion. The rolls of the society bore a great number of names of the best and most influential people of the county.
Auxiliaries to the county society were formed in Clav- erack, Kinderhook, Livingston, and other towns immedi- ately after, and the example set here was soon followed in the adjoining county of Berkshire, Mass. We have been unable to ascertain much of the later operations of these societies.
CHAPTER XIV. INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS.
Roads-Stage-Routes-Turnpikes-Steamboats-Railroads.
" THE Dutch are great improvers of land," said Gov- ernor Nicolls in his report on the condition of the colony ; which was true, beyond all doubt, but the same would not have been applicable to their building and improvement of roads. To the first settlers along the river-bank, the stream furnished all the highway they cared for or needed; and when, a little later, others came and located a short distance inland, a rough " wagon-way" from their lands to the river, enabling them to take their grain and other produce to a point where a sloop could land, filled all their requirements for travel and transportation. Such were the roads traversed by the Labadist brothers, who visited the country back from Clav- crack and Kinderhook Landings about 1680. That there were no roads across the mountains to the eastward, in the
year 1690, is shown by the fact that Winthrop's troops, who came through from Hartford in that year, were a week in reaching Kinderhook " through the wilderness." There was, however, a practicable road through to Massachusetts before the commencement of the boundary or anti-rent war, in 1751-52; and before 1714 (as is shown by Beatty's map, made in that year) "the king's highway" had been opened from Oak Hill, on the Hudson, eastward to Tagh- kanic, and there were roads running nearly across the pres- ent county, in its northern part. The first road traversing the county from north to south was the "old post-road," leading from Albany to New York, through Kinderhook, Claverack, and Livingston. As early as 1684 it was estab- lished by authority " that the rates for riding post be, per mile, 3 pence ; for every single letter, not above 100 miles, 3 pence ; if more, proportionably."
On the 24th of November, 1750, an act was passed for the regulating and laying out of highways, of which that part having reference to this part of Albany county was as follows: " The persons herein named shall be, and hereby are, appointed commissioners to regulate highways, and to lay out such publick Roads as may still be necessary, and are hereby fully authorized and empowered to put in Exe- cution the several Services intended by this act; . . . that is to say,-For the Manor of Livingston, from the southern- most bounds thereof unto the bounds of Claverack : Robert Livingston, Jr., Lendert Conyn, and Dirck Ten Brook ; for Claverack, from the southernmost bounds thereof to the boundary of Kinderhook : John Van Rensselaer, Henry Van Rensselaer, and Casparus Conyn; for Kinderhook, from the southernmost bounds thereof, through the woods to Greenbush, including all the inhabitants along the Road, though they belong to the Manor of Rensselaerswyck : Cornelius Van Schaack, Tobias Van Burren, Barrent Van Burren."
The date of the first passage of mail-stages through this county is not exactly known, but it is probable that it was not until after the Revolution. Among the Sir William Johnson documents is found an allusion to the mail service
Canaan ..
66
300
106
472
240
6
115.09
William B. Howland. Nelson Coons. W. A. Harder, Jr. James E. Strever. Rev. D. B. Wyckoff. Rev. J. S. Himrod. Rev. James Wyckoff.
2
29
122
47
198
127
.....
294.25
Germantown
Rev. S. A. Weikert. Levi Coons. A. S. Peet. A. Abbott.
Alfred Ostrom. George Best.
...
127
HISTORY OF COLUMBIA COUNTY, NEW YORK.
between Albany and New York, in 1772, as follows: "The mail to be sent weekly from New York to Albany, up one side of the River and down the other, for which an extra £100 is to be allowed ;" the presumption being strong that this service was performed on horseback.
In 1786 an aet of Assembly was passed granting to Isaae Van Wyck, Talmage Hall, and John Kinney the exclusive right " to ereet, set up, carry on, and drive stage-wagons" between Albany and New York, on the east side of Hudson's river, for a term of ten years; and restraining all opposition to them by a penalty of £200. They were to have and furnish at least two covered wagons, each drawn by four able horses ; the fare to be limited to fourpenee per mile, under any circumstances. Trips were to be performed at least onee a week, under penalty of forfeiture of charter. This company advertised that during the season of good roads their stage-wagons would perform the journey in two days, with a charge of only threepence per mile; but that in time of bad roads, " for the ease of the passengers," the time of running through would be lengthened to three days, and the price raised to fourpenee per mile, " agreeably to aet of assembly." The termini of the route were at Coe's tavern, in Albany, and Lewis' tavern, in New York ; and the stopping-place in the city of Hudson was at Kellogg's tavern.
The following is a copy of an advertisement of a line (apparently a new line) of stages starting on the route in 1793. It is from the Iludson Gazette of Oct. 25, in that year :
" The public are informed that the LINE of STAGES will commence running from N. Y. to Albany, & from Alb. to N. Y., on Monday, the 4th of Nov. The carriages will leave the aforesaid citics every Monday and Thursday mornings, and deliver the passengers every Monday and Sat. evenings. The line will be well supplied with IIorses, harness, & carriages. Only 10 persons can be admitted, un- less with the consent of the passengers. The proprietors do not hold themselves responsible for the loss of baggage,-each passenger will be permitted to carry 14 lb. gratis; any weight between 14 & 50 to be paid for at the rate of 150 lbs. as a passenger ; any weight above 50 the props. do not hold themselves bound to carry, but if carried must be pd. for in prop'n to size and convenience. Extra carriages may be had by applying to Mr. Slay, Cortlandt St., N. Y., or to Mr. Ash- bel Ely, Albany & Kinderhook."
That there was, in 1785, no mail route across the moun- tains to New England is evident from the announcement made by the proprietors of the Hudson Gazette, on the 7th day of April, in that year, to the effeet that " the printers inform the publie that they have agreed to establish a post, to ride weekly to Litchfield, Conn., where he will exchange papers with the posts from Boston, Hartford, and New Haven,"- and, in 1787, they reminded the publie that " the post-rider has ridden almost half a year, not asking for pay ; he now requests pay in good merehantable grain, of any kind, or flax at eash price .*
Next came the era of turnpike-roads, of which at one time Columbia had probably a greater mileage than any county in the State, of its size, but nearly all of which
have now been surrendered. The Dutch settlers asked, " What do we want with turnpikes ? Our grandfathers had none, and why eannot we do without them as well as they did ?" But the Dutch farmers of Columbia county were environed by New England influence. Transplanted New Englanders were intrenehed upon their west at Hudson, and New England itself lay just across the Taghkanie hills to the east, and therefore a turnpike-road between these two points was inevitable. It was the third turnpike in the State ; chartered in 1799, and built in that year and in 1800, running from Hudson eity to the Massachusetts line, through the towns of Hudson, Greenport, Claveraek, Tagh- kanie, Copake, and Hillsdale, about twenty miles. The first meeting of the company was held in the eity of Hud- son, and the following-named persons were chosen directors :
Thomas Jenkins, Elisha Jenkins, Rufus Baekus, Samuel Edmonds, Robert Jenkins, Stephen Miller, John Hager- man, Benjamin Haxtun, Elisha Pitkin, Isaac Northrup, Paul Dakin, Thomas Power, and Jacob R. Van Rensselaer. At a subsequent meeting, Elisha Pitkin was chosen presi- dent, Robert Jenkins clerk, and Elisha Jenkins treasurer. Capital stock, $25,000.
The following persons have served as president : Elisha Pitkin served three years; Nathaniel Greene, four years ; Thomas Jenkins, two years ; Alexander Coffin, twenty-eight years ; Elisha Jenkins, eight years ; Samuel Rossiter, three years ; Alexander Jenkins, two years ; Job B. Coffin, four years ; Benjamin F. Denell, twenty-five years.
The board commeneed taking toll in November, 1800. This turnpike is still in operation ; the present president of the corporation is Benjamin F. Deuell.
Other turnpikes followed in quiek succession. The Rensselaer and Columbia turnpike, of which John Tryon, Eleazer Grant, and others were the corporators, was char- tered in the same year (1799) " to run from the line of the State of Massachusetts, where the road from Pittsfield and Hancock leads by the springs in Canaan, by the house of Elisha Gilbert and others, to the ferry near the house of John I. Van Rensselaer." The " Hudson and Livingston turnpike" was chartered in 1802, and the " Aneram and Susquehanna turnpike" in 1804; its route being nearly identical with that of the old "King's Highway" in the manor of Livingston. The "Chatham Turnpike-road" was incorporated April 10, 1804, the eorporators being Peter I. Vosburgh, Bartholomew I. Van Volkenburgh, John Goes, Jr., Medad Butler, Johu Rodgers, Abraham I. Van Vleck, John A. Van Buren, Lupton Warner, and others.
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