USA > New York > Columbia County > History of Columbia County, New York. With illustrations and biographical sketches of some of its prominent men and pioneers > Part 66
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pake creek flows through the northeastern part, and the Kleina and Dove Kills have a westerly course south of the centre of the town into the Roeloff Jansen Kill,* which flows northwest into the Hudson. Near their outlet these streams have deep and rocky channels, affording good water- power, but in most of their courses they flow through broad and fertile meadows. There are also a number of brooks, and in the southeastern part of the town several small lakes of clear and fresh water. The largest and finest are known as Twin lakes, and are much frequented by fishermen.
The soil is usually fertile, varying from a sandy loam to a fat clay, or a clay admixed with gravel and small stones, with occasional ledges of limestone or slaty rock outcrop- ping the surface. Grass and rye are the principal products, although lately much attention has been paid to the culti- vation of small fruits and apples, and the yearly return from these sources forms much of the wealth of the town. In early times much of the town was covered with fine growths of timber, chiefly oak and pine, and a limited quantity of these stately trees yet remain. In the central part of the town, on the Kleina Kill, was a grove of un- usual beauty, locally known as the " Pict Bush."
LIVINGSTON PATENTS AND EARLY SETTLERS.
The original land titles and patents covering the soil of the town are treated at length in another part of this book. They are, briefly, an Indian purchase, made July 12, 1683, by Robert Livingston, of two thousand acres of land along the Hudson and Roeloff Jansen's Kill, confirmed by a patent, granted by Governor Thomas Dongan, Nov. 4, 1684. A second Indian purchase, by the same party, of three hundred acres of meadow-land in Taghkanic, Aug. 10, 1685, for which a patent was issued Aug. 27, 1685. And last, a grant to Robert Livingston, by Governor Thomas Dongan, July 22, 1686, of all the remaining and adjoining lands of what was afterwards constituted the manor of
# Named after Roeloff Jansen, an official of the Dutch govern- ment.
254
HISTORY OF COLUMBIA COUNTY, NEW YORK.
Livingston,-the entire tract (including the two purchases and first patents) containing about one hundred and sixty thousand two hundred and forty acres. It will be seen that the greater portion of this land was never acquired by virtue of an Indian title, but was bestowed upon Livingston by a direct patent from the provincial government. This was made the basis of subsequent claims, which resulted in the long and unhappy controversies between the lords of the manor and the then tenants, and led to several sanguinary conflicts. These struggles and the final disposition of the matter are considered elsewhere, and are here omitted to avoid repetition.
On the 26th of October, 1694, Robert Livingston con- veyed to Derick Wessels Ten Broeck six hundred acres of land lying on the Hudson, and twelve hundred acres on both sides of the Roeloff Jansen Kill, east of the present village of Clermont; and on the 29th of September, 1710, he sold six thousand acres along the Hudson to Queeu Anne, for the use of the Palatines. The remainder of the extensive domain was conveyed by Livingston to his chil- dren, and entailed upon them and their successive heirs by the name of Livingston. The grant was settled by tenants holding life-leases. In 1715 the royal government con- firmed the grants of the province, and erected the whole into a lordship, under the name of the " Manor of Living- ston," and bestowed the usual court and baronial privileges of that day upon the manor. Robert Livingston thus be- came the first lord of the manor, with power to constitute a court-baron, and appoint officers thereof, and after 1716 his tenants were empowered to elect a member from the manor in the Assembly of the province. The Livingston family enjoyed the privileges of their lordship until the Revolution broke the entail, the successive lords being Robert, the grantee, Philip, his son, and Robert, Jr., son of the second lord.
Robert Livingston was born at Aneram, Scotland, Dec. 13, 1654. His father, John Livingston, was a clergyman of more than ordinary ability, who was obliged to flee from Scotland on account of the religious persecution which prevailed when Robert was about twelve years of age. He took up his abode at Rotterdam, Holland, where his son applied himself to the acquisition of the Dutch language, receiving at the same time a thorough education from his father. In 1674, Robert came to America, and although but twenty years old, was at once given a position in the council at Albany. He soon after became secretary of Indian affairs, a position which he filled nearly fifty years. The knowledge he there acquired aided him in his business operations, and accounts for the success which attended his speculations in real estate. Having been deposed from his offices by the opposition government, he was re-instated in 1705, after a most venturesome trip to England, suffering, among other privations, shipwreck upon an unfriendly coast. Ile contracted with the government to subsist the Palatines, who settled on a portion of his grant, amassing from this and other sources considerable wealth, which he employed to advance the interests of his vast estate. In 1699 he erected a manor-house in Livingston, near where is the present railroad station, but did not himself reside there until 1711. The original house stood there more than one
hundred years, but now its site can hardly be traced. Nothing but a pile of rubbish marks its former place.
In 1715, having secured a lordship for his manor, Mr. Livingston endeavored to secure a representation in the Pro- vincial Assembly, a privilege which he obtained in 1716. From this period until 1726 he represented the manor as a delegate, and served as speaker of the Assembly from 1718 till 1725. He retired to private life in 1726, and two years later died on the manor, and was buried in the vault under the church at Linlithgo, which he erected in 1721.
Robert Livingston, the first lord of the manor, was shrewd, persistent, and very acquisitive, his zeal in this di- rection leading him sometimes to adopt questionable meth- ods to advance his interests. Ile always exerted himself to obtain riches, and strove continually to promote his family interests.
He was married July 9, 1679, to Alida Schuyler, widow of the Rev. Nicholas Van Rensselaer, by whom he had nine children, five of whom grew to mature years,-Philip, Rob- ert, Gilbert, Margaret, and Joanna.
Gilbert, the youngest son, became a resident of Pough- keepsie, and was the grandfather of the celebrated divine, the Rev. John H. Livingston.
To Robert, the second son, the lord of the manor be- queathed, Feb. 10, 1722, all that part of the manor lying south of the Roeloff Jansen Kill, except the land belonging to the Palatines and other parties named in the will of that date. This afterwards became Clermont, and the subse- quent history of that branch of the family is given in that connection.
Philip, the oldest son, became the second lord of the manor. His children were Robert, Peter Van Brugh, John, Philip, Henry, William, Sarah, Alida, and Catharine.
Philip, the fourth son of Lord Philip, became a distin- guished merchant in New York city ; was one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence, and a devoted patriot.
The sixth son, William, became the governor of New Jersey, and held that position during the Revolution, to the good of the American cause. He was the father of Brock- holst Livingston, who became chief-justice of the United States.
One of the daughters of the second lord of the manor married John Van Rensselaer, the proprietor of Claverack. Philip Livingston never resided at the manor-house, but had his home in Albany and New York city. He succeeded his father in many of the offices he held, and became a member of the council in 1725. IIe died in 1749, and was thereafter inhumed in the family vault at Linlithgo.
His eldest son, Robert, born Dec. 25, 1708, became the last lord of the minor on his father's death, and continued until the Revolution. His children were Peter R., Walter, Robert C., John, Henry, Mary, Mrs. James Duane, Alida, Mrs. Valentine Gardiner, Catherine, and Mrs. John Pat - terson. Peter R. became a merchant in New York city, but met with such heavy losses that he was obliged to retire from business. Returning to the manor, he com_ menced the building of " The Hermitage" some time during the Revolution. It was begun on a magnificent scale, the plan embracing a hall forty feet square, on the sides of which were spacious rooms and grand entrance-ways. After
255
HISTORY OF COLUMBIA COUNTY, NEW YORK.
having carried up the walls to the height of one story, a roof was placed over the structure, and it yet remains in that condition. The historian, William Smith, was a brother-in-law of Peter R. Livingston, and, while on a visit to his home, wrote a portion of the history of New York in one of those quaint rooms. By the terms of Robert Livingston's will, executed May 31, 1784, the greater portion of the manor which would naturally have fallen to Peter R., his oldest son, was devised to the lat- ter's children. The oldest of these was Robert Thong, who inherited the old manor-house, and it was he who ereeted the present manor-house. His only child, a daugh- ter, married Alexander Croft, the father of the present occupant of this property, which has passed into the hands of the seventh generation of the Livingston family. Ex- cepting the fine natural location of this house, there is nothing to distinguish it from an ordinary farm-house.
Walter Tryon, another son of Peter R., erected the Joseph Miller house, and in the later years of his life lived on the Ten Broeck place in Clermont. His brother, Mon- erief, was a prominent citizen of the town, and lived on the present MeIntyre place on the Highland turnpike. A fourth son of Peter R. was James S., whose homestead was east of the Blue store, the property now occupied by two of his daughters, Mrs. Johnson and Miss Cornelia Living- ston. The latter is the owner of the original Robert Livingston Bible, which was printed in London in 1683, and contains the first family records in Dutch. The house these ladies occupy antedates the Revolution, and is re- markable for its quaint construction.
In the same will, before alluded to, the last lord of the manor devised his land lying east of the post-road to his four other sons, Walter, Robert C., Henry, and John, each receiving about twenty-eight thousand acres, the several lots being located from north to south, along the post-road, in the order named. Each, also, received a portion of the domain west of that thoroughfare. On an elevation, be- tween the Kleina and Roeloff Jansen Kills, Walter Living- ston erected a noteworthy mansion before the Revolution. It is a massive building, sixty feet square, several stories high, with a square roof and dormer windows. One of the daughters of Walter married Robert Fulton, the inventor of the steamboat ; and after her husband's death, in 1815, came with her three children to reside at this place. Here she afterwards married Charles Augustus Dale, an English- man of expensive habits and great fondness for horses. It is related of him that on one occasion he drove a team of thoroughbreds from New York city to this place, on a wager that he could make faster time than the steamboat, accomplishing the feat between sunrise and sunset. He won the wager, although at the sacrifice of one of his horses. One of Mrs. Fulton's daughters married Robert Ludlow, of Claverack. The Walter Livingston home, which was widely known as " Teviotdale," is now in the possession of Christian Cooper, a former servant of the family, who served in the War of 1812. He is ninety-four years old, but still remembers distinctly the events of his youthful days. The mansion is in a state of decay, and retains but little of its former beauty.
Henry W., a son of Walter Livingston, removed to the
northern part of the town, where, some time before 1800, he erected, upon a beautiful eminence, commanding a view of the country many miles around, a residence whose ex- tensive proportions and beauty have not been excelled in the county. It was long known as the "The Widow Mary's Place." A grandson, Henry W., living south of Johnstown, is the only member of this branch of the family left in the town. He is also a maternal descendant of Count de Grace, the companion of Lafayette, and equally distin- guished for his service in the American cause in the Revo- lution.
Robert C. Livingston became a merchant in New York city and Jamaica, and was never much identified with the county. It is said that the letter C was added to his name from the circumstance of his having attended Cambridge University, and there being so many Roberts in the differ- ent families, this one was distinguished by being called Cambridge Robert.
John Livingston settled a little south of Johnstown, which was named after him, building the mansion which was afterwards the home of Philip L. Hoffman, the grand- father of the ex-governor, and at a later period became the home of General Henry Livingston, a brother of John. General Livingston rendered efficient service in the Revo- lution. He died unmarried at this place, in 1823. After John Livingston had sold his property to Mr. Hoffman he moved to Oak Ilill, where a grandson, Herman T., still resides, one of the few surviving members of this once large and powerful family.
The settlement of the manor began soon after the last grant was made, in 1686, but for many years was slow and unimportant. In 1714 there were but three houses in the present town of Livingston,-the manor-house, and Whit- beck's and Brusie's, in the neighborhood of Glenco mills. The list of freeholders in 1720 contains among others the names of Killian Wirme, Claas Brusie, Nicholas Whitbeck, Coenradt Ham, Conradt Schureman, Johannes Pulver, Bas- tian Spiekerman, Nicholas Smith, Johannes Rossman, Hanse Jurie Proper, Junie Decker, Jacob Stever, and Fitz Mezigh, as living in the northern part of the manor.
In the roll of the Independent Company, mustered at the manor-house, Nov. 30, 1715, may be found the names of some who doubtless resided in the present town of Liv- ingston, and in the histories of the Reformed and Lutheran churches appear others prominent in the town at a later day. In 1790 there lived in the town, besides the Living- stous, the following families : in the north western part and north of Johnstown, Crawford, Benham, MeLean, Tator, Shults, Decker, Ten Eyck, Rice, Morrison, Shaver, Kallor, Patrie, Mckinstry, Herder, Rockefeller, Spickerman, Co- vert, J. Best, Pulver, Stevers, Stahl, Ham, Rowe, Gardner, Silvernail, William Melius, P. Smith, P. Baringer, Haver, J. Melius, Bates, A. Fonda, Jager, Tiel, Ham, C. and J. Rossman. South of Johnstown and north of the Blue store were J. Lane, William Hare, J. Hover, P. L. Hoffman, C. Van De Bogart, J. Fingar, Shirts, Coons, Coop, Messrs. Megley, Rockefeller, Barringer, Huddleston, J. Volandt, Cole, Minckler, Blatner, Harme, Best, Erehmebergh, and Osterhout. From the Blue store southward to Elizaville were Frier, Rowe, Best, Hood, Shaver, Feller, Swarts,
256
HISTORY OF COLUMBIA COUNTY, NEW YORK.
Blatner, and others, many of whom have descendants occu- pying the land they then lived on. Of the foregoing, Peter Benham was a physician of large practice at Oak Hill and the surrounding country. He always visited his patients on foot, and having once been induced to ride, declared it the most fearful experience he ever had in his life. Colonel John Mckinstry was a Revolutionary veteran, and was a captain at the battle of the Cedars, as has been mentioned. He was a very brave man and highly respected. John Best was also a captain in the American army, and had settled in Livingston in 1760. Samuel S. Myers, an early. settler, was one of the first mail-carriers ; and Allen Myers served in the War of 1812. Conrad Patrie was a soldier of the Rev- olution, and was one of a number of that name who were very early settlers. At a later period the principal inhab- itants of the town are shown in the list of road districts, given on another page. In 1875 the population of the town was 1960.
CIVIL GOVERNMENT.
In common with many other towns of the county, Liv- ingston has suffered the loss of its early records. The first account of the town-meetings begins with 1803, thirty-one years after its organization as a district. The following list of civil officers embraces the names of those who were elected after the organization of the county :
Supervisors.
Towa Clerks.
1787. John Livingston.
1788. . William Rockefeller.
1789.
.John Livingston.
1790.
John A. Fonda.
179]
HIeury Livingston.
1792
1793
Philip L. Hoffman.
1794
1795
John A. Fonda.
1796.
1797
Peter Bishop.
1798
1799
Henry Livingston.
1800
1801.
Moncrief Livingston.
1802.
llenry Livingston.
1803
Robert T. Livingston.
1804
James S. Livingston.
1805
1806
1807
1808
1809
Henry Livingston.
1810
44
18]]
46
John McClellan.
1813
4
1814
1815.
46
44
1816.
Christian Patrie.
1817
1818
46
1820 ..
66
1821
1822
1823
Killian Miller. =
.€
1825
1826.
Walter Pattorson.
1827
Christian P'atrie.
1828.
1829
Killian Miller. John Mckinstry.
1832
Henry A. Du Bois.
1834
16
1835
1836. Henry Baker.
1837
1838
Peter R. Livingston.
lleury M. Whitbeck.
Supervisors.
1839.
Charles Esselstyne. 1840.
1841.
llenry Dunspaugh.
1842
Peter Van Deusen.
1843
1844 Henry A. Da Bois.
1845. Thomas Best.
1846. Elias Lasher.
1847 John H. Smith.
1848. Thomas Best.
1849
1850 John Pierce.
1851
Wm. H. Snyder. 1852
1853 Jacob L. Potts.
1854.
Robert Washburn. 1855.
1856
Peter I. Bachman.
1857.
David Miller.
1858
.Walter Shutts.
1859
Samuel Ten Broeck.
1860 German Fingar.
1861 Joha Whitheck. 1862
1863
Jacob H. Proper.
1864
Reaben Van De Bogart. Philip Smith.
1866.
1867. Wilson Potts.
1868.
Jacob H. Proper.
1869.
1870.
1871
=
1872
.John Whitheck. Rensselaer Proper.
1874.
Stephen O. Potts.
Jacob H. Deeker.
1875.
.Wilson Potts.
Mark Methusen.
1877
Samuel Shotts.
Nelson Ilallenbock. =
JUSTICES OF THE PEACE.
Appointed.
1786. Peter R. Livingston. Samuel Ten Broeck.
1811. Christian Patrie. Peter Beemer. Thomas Fairbanks.
1789. Peter Bishop. John A. Fonda.
Jacob Rossman.
1792. Peter R. Livingston.
John A. Fonda.
Peter Bishop. Jacob Rossman.
1795-98. Peter Bishop.
Philip L. Iloffman.
Jacob C. Decker.
John Shaver.
Charles Robinson. Elisha lfolley. Samuel B. Platner.
John A. Fonda.
John Wigram.
1821. Peter II. Best. Eleazer Smith. Samoel T. B. Platner.
1801. Henry Hoffman.
Charles Robinson.
Francis Burroughs.
Walter Merrifield.
1804-8. Walter T. Livingston.
Samuel Myers.
Leonard Ten Broeck.
Killian Miller.
1828. Henry Mink.
1811. Jeremiah 1I. Strong.
1829. Peter R. Livingston.
Elected.
1830. Jacob Baringer. 1831. Charles Robinson.
1832. Zach. P. Foland. Eli Persons.
1833. Peter R. Livingston.
1834. Monerief Livingston. Jacob Baringer.
1835. Joseph Burroughs.
1844. Francis Burroughs.
1836. Monerief Livingston.
1845. Wm. I. Magee.
1837. Joho S. Fulton.
1846. Jacob Baringer.
1833. Jacob W. Baringer.
Town Clerks.
Henry Shear. Jacob Baringer. Henry Shear. .€
Jacob Baringer. Robert Humphrey. Jacob Baringer.
Henry Shear. =
4
Jacob Horton. Ira Williams.
Milo C. Marshall.
Ira Williams.
. Austin Washburne.
Nathan Sagendorph.
Lewis Potts.
Jacob Horton.
Edwin Bachman. " =
=
Peter F. Potts.
1865.
Rensselaer Proper. «
John H. Patnis.
Samuel Shutts. Walter Stickle.
llenry Smith. Walter Stiekle. Benedict A. Wicks.
Mark Methusen.
1873.
1876 Jacob 1I. Proper.
Walter Stiekle.
1878 Henry Younghouse.
1815. Peter Benham. - Leonard Ten Broeck. Charles Robinson. James S. Livingston. Christian Patrie.
1818. Peter Benham. Christian Patrie. James S. Livingston.
John Wigram. Philip L. Hoffman. Thomas Trafford.
1827. Robert H. Morris. Henry Mink. Christian Patrie. Charles Robinson.
Charles Robinson. 66
Jacob Baringer. =
Jacob Bariuger.
1830.
1831 ..
Charles Esselstyne. llenry Baker. =
1833.
James S. Livingston. Ilenry Baker. Herman Best. Jacob Baringer. ¥
1847. Win. M. Jonos.
16
Thomas Trafford. Josiah Lawrence.
1812 John Van Deusen.
Jacob C. Decker. James S. Livingston. Jas. S. Livingston, Jr. John Van Deusen. 46
16 =
1819.
1824
1839. Joseph Burroughs. 1840. James Richmond. Broekholst H. Livingston.
1841. Charles Esselstyne. Win. W. Weismer. 1842. Jacob Baringer. 1843. Wm. S. Vosburgh.
Walter Shutts.
Walter Sheldon.
HISTORY OF COLUMBIA COUNTY, NEW YORK.
257
1848. Win. H. Snyder.
1864. Francis O'Connor.
1849. Zach. P. Smith.
1865. Zach. P. Smith.
1850. Jacob Baringer.
1866. Philip Smith.
1851. Henry Shear.
1867. Henry Shear.
1852. Allen Moore.
1868. Jonas W. Rockefeller.
1853. Zach. P. Smith.
1869. Joel Stahl.
1854. Francis O'Connor.
1870. John Whitbeck.
1855. Henry Shear.
1871. Henry Shear.
1856. Jacob Baringer.
1872. Jonas W. Rockefeller.
1857. Simeon C. Clark.
1873. Fred. Haver.
1858. Philip Smith.
Zach. P. Smith.
1859. Henry Shear.
IS74. Martin Best.
1860. Francis O'Connor.
1875. Henry Shear.
I861. Henry Hapeman.
1876. George W. Blaco.
1862. Philip Smith.
1877. Henry C. Harvey.
Simcon C. Clark.
Jacob Vosburgh.
1863. Henry Shear.
1878. Wm. C. Feller.
PUBLIC HIGHWAYS.
On John Beatty's map of the manor, made in 1714, there is indicated a road from the manor-house, at the mouth of Roeloff Jansen's creek, eastward to Taghkanic, and called " Ye King's highway." In later years the Catskill and Aneram turnpike followed the general direction of this road, and was the principal thoroughfare from the east. Another road, in 1714, was along the north bank of the Roeloff Jansen to beyond the natural falls, into Cler- mont, and along the stream on the south side thereof to Capt. Johannes Dyekman's, at Elizaville. This was called the " Manor-House wagon-path," and, with a modified course, is yet the principal road in that course. The "old Post road" traverses the town east of the centre, from north to south, and has always been one of the chief thoroughfares. The Highland turnpike and River road, also having a gen- eral north and south course, are the principal roads in those sections. Both turnpikes became publie highways fifty years ago. Along the river is the finely-equipped Hudson River railroad, having a station near Linlithgo.
After the final division of the original town, in 1803, twenty-six road districts were formed, whose location and inhabitants are given below. The list will also show who were the early prominent settlers of the town, and their relative wealth. The figures opposite each name denote the number of days the owner was assessed to work, upon a property valuation made that year.
No. 1, from Johnstown cast to Taghkanie : Peter Fries 8, Jacob H. Hand 5, John Stever 8, Jacob Best 8, Jacob Haver 10.
No. 2, from the Claverack line on the " Post road" to John A. Fonda's : Peter Row 8, John Silvernail 6, Hendrick Weaver 5, S. D. Gardner 6, John Tator 6, Nicholas Decker 6, l'eter Row 5, Peter Shaver 5.
No. 3, from Adam Nounek to Jacobus Decker's: Peter Clum 6, John Hiser 5, John Palmeter 5.
No. 4, from " Pict Bush church," by John Barringer's to Peter Rockefeller's : John Barringer 9, L. MeDermott 9, James Becker 9, Roger Patterson 6.
No. 5, from the King's bridge and Marcus Platner's mill to Johnstown : Marens Plattner 12, W. S. Livingston 12, Andreis A. Shirts 12, Jacob Fingar 10, Peter Wagner 7, Bernard Gernond 10.
No. 6, from Myndert Van De Bogart's to the Straw mill : Peter A. Decker 7, Jacob Meaghley 7, C. Myer 7.
No. 7, from William Melius' to the division line between Walter and Robert C. Livingston's : Robert Van Deusen 5, James Van Densen 5, John A. Fonda 6, George Potts 5, John Shaver 9, William Melius 6.
No. 8, from Peter Haver to " Sober :" Peter Haver 10, Tiel Ham 7, C. J. Rossman 5, John Bortle 5, P. W. Rockefeller 8, Stuffle Lyke 6.
No. 9 : John IIoot 10, Wm. Snyder 8, Jacob Row 12.
No. 10, from Peter A. Decker's to the school-house : Peter Wagener 8, Peter Bush 7, John Meaghley 5, John Lupe 5.
No. 11, from Hendrick Youngham's to Mink's mill : Nicholas Chisam 5, N. Palmetar 5.
No. 12: John Proper 8, John Bush 5.
No. 13, from Churchtown south : Peter Barringer 6, John Best 10, Peter W. Herder 8, James Warring 6.
No. 14, from the Blue store to Thomas Swart's store : Leonard Ten Broeck 9, John Gordon 9, John Weaver 9, Thomas Doloff 6, John J. Decker 7, William Best 8, Nicholas Feller 9, Thomas Swart 8.
No. 15, from Peter A. Decker's to Deil Rockefeller's : Henry Rowe 7, John I. Lasher 5, John Rifenburgh 6, Samuel Lasher 5, Jacob Elkenbrigh 7.
No. 16, from Roeloff Jansen's Kill to the road from the Manor church to Claverack gate : Eli Mills 6, Arnold Ken- yon 4.
No. 17, from Monerief Livingston's to the road from the Blue store to the Manor church : Moncrief Livingston 19, E. Covert 8, Henry Potts 8, Jonathan Peacock 10.
No. 18, from the Hudson line to Moncrief Livingston's : Nicholas Harder 9, John Spiekerman 9, Jacob Gutrack 6, Christian Patrie 9, Henry Coon 8, N. Post 8, Zachariah Callor 7, John Mckinstry 9, Jeremiah Patrie 9, Peter Schults 8.
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