USA > New York > New York City > History of New Netherland; or, New York under the Dutch, Vol. I > Part 39
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VII. When the Nineteen shall meet together, the principal adventurer of the chamber of Amsterdam shall choose one of the two managers or provisional commit- tee aforesaid, that he may be one of the eight managers in the said meeting for the chamber of Amsterdam. In like manner the principal adventurers of Zealand shall choose one of the aforesaid two managers or provisional committee, by them absolutely appointed, to be one of fonr managers for their chamber in the meeting of Nineteen. And the aforesaid principal adventurers, as well of the chamber of Amsterdam as of Zealand, shall each choose one of the sworn committee, mentioned.in articles 4 and 5, to assist each of the aforesaid deputies, in the aforesaid meeting of Nineteen, neverthe- less, without that, those who are met shall have a separate vote. And that the other chambers may know the cause of such meeting, those who are met of the chamber of Amsterdam shall communicate it to the principal adventurers of North Holland, and the city and country ; and those who are met of the chamber of Zealand shall advise those of the Maeze of the business of the aforesaid meeting, as far as it may he com- municated.
VIII. That hereafter no person shall be chosen a manager who is in the service of the East India Company : in like manner a father and son, or brothers, of the whole or half blood, shall not be chosen managers in one chamber. And the managers shall receive no commissions until they give up their service in the other company.
IX. Whereas it is necessary for the satisfaction of every one, that the time of sub- scribing to this company shall be prolonged, therefore the aforesaid subscription is pro- longed,-for inhabitants, to the last of August, and for foreigners, to the last of Octo- ber next, both new style, and it shall be made known by the advertisements : after
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APPENDIX.
that, no person shall be admitted, but every chamber shall be obliged to close its capi- tal the first day after the last of October, and eight days thereafter to send a copy to each other : provided, that the outfit which is got ready shall continue for the use of the company, and that those who have furnished money for others, or shall yet furnish it, shall receive interest therefor at the discretion of the Nineteen.
X. And concerning the general account mentioned in article 16 in the charter, and the changing of a third part of the directors in article 14, to maintain good order and a general equality in all the chambers, it is found necessary that the said general ac- count be made, (six years from the date of the charter beginning the third of June, 1621, new style,) according to the custom of trade, in public with the advice of the aforesaid committee of the principal adventurers of the respective chambers, and so on successively every six years to make a like general account : but the remainder of the accounts shall be deliberated upon, in order, by the meeting of the Nineteen, to the end that the directors who ge eff may depart with clear accounts if it be practicable. And the first change of a third part of the directors shall be made six years after the third of June, this year, 1623, and so on successively every two years, agreeable to the charter.
XI. And that this company may be under good government to the greatest profit and satisfaction of all the participants, we have ordained that the same government shall consist of five chambers of directors,-one within Amsterdam, who shall have the administration of four-ninth parts ; one chamber in Zealand, for two-ninth parts ; one chamber in the Maeze, for one-ninth part ; one chamber in the north quarter, for one- ninth part ; and the fifth chamber in Vreezelandt, together with city and country, (Stadt ende Landen,) also one-ninth part, upon condition entered in the register of our resolution and the acts passed : and the provinces in which there shall be no chamber, shall be accommodated with so many directors, divided among the respective cham- bers, as they shall furnish one hundred guilders to the company.
And, XII. If any thing should happen from which lawsuits may arise to the dis- advantage of the company, the directors shall do all in their power to settle the mat- ter amicably, (if possible ;) if not, to communicate it to the principal adventurers, that they may act therein with common advice, in such manner as shall be found most to the advantage of the company.
We having examined and considered the aforesaid articles, and being desirous to promote unity and concord between the directors and principal adventurers, and the advancement of the West India Company, have, with the advice of the Prince of Orange, thought fit to agree to, and approve of, and do hereby agree to, and approve thereof, and direct that the same shall be punctually attended to and observed by the directors, members, and every person concerned therein, in the same manner as if they were inserted in the charter ; because we find them proper for the service of the West India Company.
Given under Our great seal, the rubric and signature of Our recorder, at the Hague, the one and twentieth of June, Sixteen hundred and twenty-three.
It was countersigned,
N. VAN BOUCKHORST, VT.
Underneath was written,
The ordinance of the High and Mighty Lords the States General.
(Subscribed) C. AERSSEN. It had a seal in red wax, pendent by a white silk string.
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APPENDIX.
C.
Names of the Lords Directors who have served the Company from the beginning to the end of the year 1636.
[De Laet, Jaerlyck Verhael.]
In the Amsterdam Chamber.
De Heeren-Jacob Gerritsz. Hoing, Bur- gomaster, Jonas Witsz., Burgomaster,
Marcus van Valckenburgh,
Carel Looten, Principal partner director. Michiel Pauw, Lord of Achtienhoven,
Jan Gysbertsz. de Vries, Schepen,
Jacob Pietersz. Hoog-Camer,
Albaert Coenraets Burgh, Schepen,
Adriaen Krom-hout,
Reynier Reael,
Cornelis Bicker,
Joris Adriaensz,
Hendrick Hamel,
Pieter Beltens, Elias Pels,
Guilliam Bartilotti,
Samuel Godyn,
Hendrik Broen,
Toussain Blanche,
Abraham Spiers, Jaques Beurse, Marens de Vogelaar,
Daniel van Lieberghen,
Jacob Reepe-maker, Jehan Raye, Principal partner direc- tor,
Gysbert van Hemart, on behalf of De- venter,
en, Schepen, Joannes de Laet,
Johan Uyttewael,
on behalf of the Province
Oliver Uyttenhove, of Utrecht,
Johan van Hemart, on behalf of De- venter,
Kiliaen van Rensselaer, Principal Pieter Ranst, partner di rector.
Simon van der Does, Schepen,
Jehan Gras, Abraham Oyens,
Warner Ernst van Bassen, Schepen,
Pieter Evertz Hulft,
Willem Bruyn,
Dirck Cornelisz. van Swanenburgh, on behalf of Utrecht,
Johan van Haring-honck,
Nicolaes van Sitterich,
Matthias van Ceulen, Principal partner director.
Gommer Spranger,
Samuel Blommaert,
Hans van der Merckt, Rombout Jacobsz.
Eduard Becker, Guillaum van Everwyn, on behalf of Gelderlandt,
Matheus Joyen, on behalf of Haerlem, Willem van Moerbergh- - on behalf of Leyden,
Pieter Jansz. Blaeuwen-haen, on behalf of Deventer, Matheus de Pauw, on hehalf of Utrecht,
Pieter Varleth, on behalf of Utrecht,
Cornelis van Wyckersloot, Dirck van Helsdingh, Jacob de Key, on behalf of Haerlem, Mr. Jacob van Broeckhoven, on behalf of Leyden,
Jaques de la Myne,
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APPENDIX.
Mr. Jehan Panhuysen, on behalf of Leyden, Johan Wentolt Bartels, on behalf of Gelderlandt,
Eduard Man,
Ferdinando Schuylenburgh, Frederick de Vries,
Johan Bartringh, Johan van Gheel,
Abraham de Visscher.
On behalf of the Zealand Chamber.
De Heeren-Joos van der Hoo-
on behalf
ghen, Burgomaster, of Mid-
Mr. Symon Schotte, delburg.
Rogier Cobbert, on behalf of Vlissin- ghen,
Antonio Godyn, on behalf of Mid-
Pieter Beurdt, delburgh.
Adriaen de Ketelaer, on behalf of Vlis- Cornelis Coornne, singhen,
Abraham Droogh-broodt, on behalf of Middelburgh,
Adriaen Velters, on behalf of Ter-Veere, Pieter Muenic, on behalf of Mid-
Galeyn ten Haeff, delburgh,
Willem Snellen, on behalf of Vissinghen,
Jeremias Waelens, on behalf of Thoo- len,
Pieter Boudaen Courten, on behalf of Cornelis Lampsens, Middelburgh, Hendrik Liens,
Mr. Job Porrenaer, on hehalf of Vlissin- ghen,
Pieter van Essen, Principal partner
director on behalf
Jan Velinx, of Middelburgh,
Christoffel Barents, on behalf of Ter- Verre,
On behalf of the Maeze Chamber,
At Dordrecht.
De Heeren-Cornelis van Terensteyn, Mr. Jacob de Witte,
Michiel Pompe,
Arendt Martenz,
Cornelis Nicolay,
Roeloff Francken,
Cornelis van Beveren,
At Delft.
De Heeren-Philips Doublet, Hendrik van Milligem, Jacob Hoghenhoeck,
Adriaen van der Goes, Adriaen Pietersons, Mr. Johan de Voocht,
-- ----
Cornelis Claesz Elfsdyck,
Pieter van der Velde, Jehan Gysselingh, Abraham Bisschop,
Pieter Joosten Duyvelaer,
Steveu Becker,
Pieter Alleman,
Abraham Schooten,
Nicolaes Velinx,
Pauwels Jansz. Serooskerke,
Jan Louys,
Nicolaes Swancke,
David Taetse.
Dirck van der Hasghe,
Johan van der Mast,
Wynandt Jansz. Rutgers,
Mr. Symon van Beaumont,
Jean van der Poorten,
Woulter Teunemans,
Jan de Moor, Abraham van Pere,
Bouwen Melssen Schot, Jehan van der Merckt,
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APPENDIX.
Geerard van Fockenstaert,
Mr. Wm. Schade,
Pieter Antheunisz. van den Heuvel,
Arendt Jacobsz. van der Graeff.
At Rotterdam.
De Heeren-Corns. Claesz. van Driel,
Jacob Velthuysen,
Dirck Pietersz. van Veen, Henrick Nobel, Johan Robberts,
Hendrik van Eck," Thomas Varver, Adriaen van der Dusse, Sarich Hairwyck.
On behalf of the North Quarter Chamber.
De Heeren-Jr. Floris van Tey- ) hughen, Burgomaster,
Gerrit Jansz. van der Nienw- burgh, Burgomaster, Pieter Willemsz. Kessel,
on be- half of "Alc- maer.
Meyndert Thomasz., of Enkhnysen, Adriaen Cornelisz. Schaghen, of Alk- maer.
Jacob Volckertz, of Enkhuysen, Cornelis Sweerssz, of Enkhuysen,
Olfert Barentz,
Jr. Johan van Foreest,
Claes Willemsz. Crap, Burgo- master,
on be- ·half of Hoorn.
Fredrick Broeker,
Gerrit Jacobsz. Trompet, Bur- gomaster,
on be- half of Enk-
Cornelis Pietersz. Lantman, Burgomaster,
hny- zen.
Jacob Menten,
Pieter Hardebol,
Boudewyn Heynsz.
on behalf
Jacob Pieter Mienses, of Edam.
Claes Symonsz. Dolphyn, on behalf of Monnickendam,
Willem Dircksz. Everhardt, ) Burgomaster,
on behalf of Me-
Pieter Vanninghe, Burgo- denblick. master,
Martin Boudewynsz., Burgomaster of Edam,
Cornelis Mathysz. Schaghen, Burgo- master of Medenblick,
Claes Jacobsz. Roch, of Hoorn,
Jan Jansz. Sus, of Hoorn,
Mr. Panwels Swanenburgh, of Alc- maer, Claes Adriaensz. Clock, of Hoorn, Pieter Claesz. Bosch-Schieter, Burgo- master of Edam, Dirck Willemsz. Everhart, of Meden- blick,
Sasker Cornelisz. Schaghen, of Meden- blick, Jacob Schaghen Hooghlandt, Dirck Jacobsz. Haghen, of Monnicken- dam
On behalf of the Chamber of Stadt en Landen.
De Heeren-Jochim Altingh, Burgomaster, Hugo van Nyeveen, Burgomaster, Jr. Johan Seckinghe, Jr. Albert Conders, Pieter Isebrants, Councillor, Jr. Sygert Syghers, Jr. Onno Tamminga, Jr. Remt Rengers,
Pieter Huygh, of Enkhuysen, Pieter Claesz. Teenghs, of Edam, Jan van Neck, Burgomaster at Hoorn, Symon Maertsz. Lievens, Burgomaster at Medenblick, Dirck Codde van der Burgh, at Enkhuy- sen,
Pieter Pauw, of Alcmaer,
Pieter Dircksz. Ben, Burgomaster at Hoorn, Dr. Johan Gerritsz. Juel, of Hoorn, Mr. Allert de Groot, of Hoorn,
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APPENDIX.
Jr. Edzard Jacob Clandt, Jr. Diderich Scharff, Bartoldt Wickeringhe, Councillor, Jr. Christoffer van Eussum, Hillebrandt Gruys, Councillor, Albert Wyfrink, Councillor, Joost van Cleve, Councillor, Nicolaus Mulerius, Professor, Heer Willem van Vyrssen, Heer Barent Jansz., Hendrick Schonenburgh, Councillor
Hendrick van Royen, Jr. Rempt Jensema, Jr. Johan Horenken, Jr. Barent Conders, Heer Folckert Folckertsz. Bernhard Julsingh, Burgomaster, Jr. Lambert van Starkenburgh, Heer Tobias Iddekingha, Pieter Eyssinghe, Burgomaster, Edzard Rengers, Councillor, Jr. Evert Leeuwe.
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APPENDIX.
D.
Capt. Mason's Letter to [Mr. Secretary Coke ?] relative to the Dutch in New Netherland, 2d April, 1632.
[London Documents, vol. I.]
RIGHT HONORABLE-In ye yeare of or Lord God 1621, or thereabouts, certaine Hollanders were upon the coast of New England, tradeing wth ye Indians, betwixt Cape Codd and Bay de la Warre, in 40 degrees of northerly latitude, being a parte of that country which was granted to Sir Walter Rawleigh by Queene Elizabeth, in anno 1584, and afterwards to diverse of their subjects, under ye title of Virginia ; which countrey was divided by agreement of ye Virginia Company, and the Northeast parte thereof confirmed afterward by King James, in anno 1606, to ye President and Conn- sell for ye plantations there, which have beene settled in Virginia on ye one hand to the westwards, now about fortie yeares, and in New England on the other hand, to ye eastward, above 25 yeares since. The sayd Hollanders as interlopers fell into ye middle betwixt the sayd plantations, and at their returne of their voyage aforesayd, published a mapp in ye Low Countries of ye sayd sea coaste comp'hended betwixt Virginia and Cape Codd, undr ye tytle of New Netherlands, giveing ye name of the Prince of Aurange to the countrie and river of Manahata, where ye Dutch are now planted, (which sayd countrey was many years before discovered by the English- men in their voyages to Virginia,) and giveing other Dutch names to other places to ye eastward of ye sayd Manahata River, as farr as Cape Codd, all wch had beene for- merly discovered and traded nnto diverse tymes by sev'all Englishmen, as may be proved. And Sr Samuell Argall, Knt wth many English planters were p'pareing to goe and sitt downe in his lott of land upon ye sayd Manahata River, at the same tyme when the Dutch intruded, wch caused a demurre in their p'ceeding until King James, upon complaint of my lord of Arundell wh Sr Ferdinando Gorges, Knt and ye Sr Samuell Argall, (form'ly Gov. of Virginia,) and Capt. John Mason, of ye sayd Dutch intruders in anº 1621, had, by his Maties order a Ire* to ye sayd Lord of Dorchester, then ambassador at ye Hague, questioned the States of ye Low Countries for that matter. Which ye Lords ye States by answer, (as I take it,) of their ambas- sador Sir Nowell Carronne, did disclayme, disavowing any such act that was done by their people, wth their authority, wch my Lord Arundell and, I thinke, ye Lord Balti- more, (their Secretary of State,) doe remember, and Sr Ferdinando Gorges and Captaine Mason can witnesse the same. Neverthelesse ye yeare following, wch (as I take it) was 1622, the sayd Dutch, under a pretended authority from ye West India Company of Holland, maintayned as they sayd by commission from ye sayd Prince of Aurange, did returne to ye foresayd river of Manahata and made plantation there, fortifying themselves there in two severall places, and have built shipps there, whereof one was sent into Holland of 600 tunnes or thereabouts. And albeit they were warned by ye
* Those Ires of ye Lords doe beare date the 15 of December, 1621.
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APPENDIX.
English plantation at New Plymonth to forbeare trade, and not to make any settle- ment in those partes, letting them know that they were the territories of ye King of England, yett nev'theless with pronde and contumacious answers, (saying they had commission to fight against such as should disturbe their settlement,) they did persist to plant and trade, vilefying or nation to the Indians, and extolling their owne people and countrye of Holland, and have made sundry good returnes of commodities from thence into Holland, especially this yeare they have returned (as it is reported) 15,000 beaver skynnes, besides other commodities.
Yor Hors humble servant, JHON MASON.
(Signed)
April 2, 1632.
Sir Ferdinando Gorges to Capt. Mason, about an expedition on the Dutch. 6 April, 1632.
[Lond. Doc. i., 50-52.]
SIR-On Thursday night I received yours of the 30th March, by wch I understand howe you have p'ceeded against those of the Dutch plantacon. I am glade the busi- ness is before the Lords. I hope they will not bee over hasty in concluding a business of that nature, cousidering bowe much it concerns both the honor of the kinge and State to make good the interest they have therein. Yon shal bee assured I will not p'tract any time of my comeing upp, butt I must acquaint you with an unhappy acci- dent that befell me the same day I received yours. For baveing bene with my Lord Pawlett, and divers others of my private friends att a borse race, I took a fall from my horse, and am now in soe much extremitie of paine, as I am not able to move or stir but as I am helped by maine strength of my s'vauntes ; notwithstanding, by God's favor, I hope to bee wth yon in very shorte time, what shifte soever I make to travell. I am sorry to beere you are soe poorely seconded in a matter soe just and honble. I conceive you may have from Mr. Shirly a coppy of that wch came to my hands from those of New Plymouth, wth more p'ticulars than came to mee. Itt may please you that hee may bee spoken wth about it. I doubt not but att my cominge I shall bee able to give both his Maty and the Lords sufficient satisfacion for to fortefie the justify- inge, (not the stay of the shippe onely,) but to prosecute their displanting from thence. And that weh is now to bee desired is that wee may bee heard to speake before ought bee done for the shipps dispatch. I hope you will make some shifte to sende away the horses I sent you before the receipte of Mr. Eyres' to the contrary, for I knowe they wilbee of more service and worth then any you will serve yourselves wth all att the islands : besides leere is noe shipping that goes from hence till towards the winter quarter ; but what you doe betweene you shall please mee, though I desire extreamly they may goe att this present, thoughe it were wholly on my owne accompte for their transportation wth the horses. Lett this suffice I pray you for this present, for that my paine will suffer mee to say noe more att this time, save only I beseech you to remember my hum- ble service to my Lord Marshall, and to lett his honor knowe the misfortune that
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APPENDIX.
retaynes me from attending his Lopp: soe soone as my harte desires, and soe much you may bee pleased to lett my Lord of Warwick knowe in like manner, wth the remembrance of my service to his Lopp: beseeching him not to be slacke wherein you knowe his helpe may further the best wee shall gaine thereby wilbee tho know- ledge of what may bee expected from him hereafter ; and soe I committ you to God, and rest
Your assured loving friend, (Signed) FERD : GORGES.
BRISTOLL, the 6th April, 1632.
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APPENDIX.
E.
Report and Advice on the condition of New Netherland, drawn up from documents and papers placed by commission of the Assembly of the XIX., dated 15th Dec., 1644, in the hands of the General Chamber of Accounts, to examine the same, make a digest thereof, and to advise the Assembly how the decay there can be prevented, the population increas- ed, agriculture advanced, and that country wholly improved for the benefit of the company.
NEW NETHERLAND, situate in America between English Virginia and New Eng- land, extending from the South River, lying in 38} degrees, to Cape Malabar, in the latitude of 41} degrees, was first frequented by the inhabitants of this country in the year 1598, and especially by those of the Greenland company, but without mak- ing any fixed settlements, only as a shelter in the winter. For which purpose they erected there two little forts on the South and North Rivers against the incursions of the Indians. A charter was afterwards, on the 11th October, 1614, granted by their High Mightinesses to Gerrit Jacobsz. Wittsen, ancient burgomaster of the city of Amsterdam, Jonas Wittsz., Symon Morrissen, Lambert van Tweenhuysen, Wessel Schenck, and associates, all inhabitants of these countries, to trade exclusively to the newly-discovered lands, now called New Netherland, situate in America, between New France and Virginia ; to sail thereto exclusively for the term of three years, without any other persons being allowed to sail ont of this country to, or frequent that place during that time, ou pain of confiscation of ships and goods, and a fine of fifty thousand Netherlands ducats.
In the years 1622 and 1623, the West India Company took possession, by virtue of their charter, of the said country, and conveyed thither in their ship, the New Netherlands, divers colonists under the directorship of Cornelis Jacobsz. Mey and Adriaen Jorisz. Thienpoint. Which directors huilt, in the year 1621, Fort Orange on the North River, and Fort Nassan on the Sonth River, and after that, in 1626, Fort Amsterdam on the Manhattes, in all of which garrisons were continually maintained by the company, and trade prosecuted in those several districts with yachts, sloops, and other craft. In the year 1629, the Freedoms and Exemptions conceded by the Noble Assembly of the Nineteen, were published with the approbation of their High Mightinesses. Divers Patroons and colonists resorted thither thereupon, and endeav- ored to advance agriculture and population. For further security, the Fort Good Hope was also erected, in 1633, on the Fresh River. But population did not experi- ence any special increase until the year 1639, when the fur-trade with the Indians, which theretofore was reserved to the company, was thrown free and open to every- body ; at which time the inhabitants there resident not only spread themselves far and wide, but new colonists came thither from Fatherland, and the neighboring Eng- lish, as well from Virginia as from New England, removed under us. So that in place of seven bouweries, full thirty were planted, and full one hundred more ex-
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pected in a short time frem the plantations which were taken up. There was every appearance, in addition, that in two or three years' time provisions could be furnished for ten thousand men.
Although the hope was now entertained, that by such means the conquered prov- ince would come to a flourishing state, it nevertheless appeared that the abuse of the free trade was the cause of the said ruin. Firstly, the colonists thereby, with a view, each to push forward his own advantage, separated themselves from one anether, and settled far in the interior of the country, the better to drive trade with the Indians, whom they thenceforward sought to allure to their houses with excessive familiarity and treating ; whereby they brought themselves into contempt among the Indians, who, not having been always treated alike, made this the cause of enmity. Second- ly, in consequence of their proximity to the Indians, whose lands lay unfenced, the cattle belenging to our people, straying without herdsmen, seriously damaged the corn or maize of the savages. This occasioned much complaint, and no redress following, they revenged themselves, killing the cattle and even the horses. Thirdly, not only the colonists, but also the free-traders proceeding from this country in consequence of the large profits, traded away with the Maquaas, arms for full four hundred men, such as muskets, powder and lead, which, having been refused to the other tribes, when demanded, augmented the hatred and the enmity among the latter. Fourthly, it happened that the Director, a few years after, imposed a contribution of maize on the Indians, whereby these were tetally estranged from us.
Hence arese various threats and injurious rencontres, which finally broke out into acts of hostility, so that first the Raritan Indians attempted to make way with one of our sloops, and afterwards killed seme hogs on Staten Island ; whereupon the Direc- tor dispatched eighty soldiers thither to avenge this, who burned their corn and killed three or four of their people. Both sides then desisted from further proceedings.
It further happened that a Wechquaeskeeck savage murdered, about the year 1640, an eld man with an axe, in his own house, for which, having received no satisfaction frem the tribe, the resolution was taken afterwards, in the year 1642, by Twelve Men chosen from the commonalty, to revenge the murder by open war ; but nething was done at the time in consequence of missing the enemy, who, observing what was de- sigued against them, sued for peace.
Some time afterwards the Hackingsack Indians designedly shot with an arrow a Dutchman sitting on the roof of a house, which he was covering. The commonalty were very much troubled at this, dreading the occurrence of mere such acts. And while satisfaction was being sought by the Director for this, without snecess, God seenied to have taken vengeance on the Wechquaeskeecks, through the Mohecan Indians, who, overtaking them, slaughtered full seventy of them, and led many wo- men and children away prisoners. This obliged the remainder to fly to our people te the Manhattans, where they were received into the houses, and fed by the Director during fourteen days. Shortly after this they were seized with another fright. They fled with the Hackingsax, full a thousand strong in the neighborhood of the fort, and over the river ef Pavonia. Some of the Twelve Men having noticed this, the Di- rector, at the request of three of these, namely, of Jan Jansz. Damen, Abraham Planck, and Maryn Adriaensz., whe signed in the name of all their board, author- ized an attack on the above-mentioned Indians, in the course of the night between the 27th and the 28th of February, 1643, by a party of soldiers and burghers, who, with cruel tyranny, slew eighty of them, and took thirty prisoners. And although
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