USA > New York > History of the state of New York, political and governmental, Vol. VI > Part 31
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"Presidential Primaries .- The movement towards more popular government should be promoted through legislation, in each State, which will permit the expression of the preference of the electors for national candidates at Presidential primaries.
"We direct that the national committee incorporate in the call for the next nominating convention a requirement that all expressions of preference for Presidential candidates shall be given, and the selection of delegates and alternates made, through a primary election con- ducted by the party organization in each State where such expression and election are not provided for by State law. Committeemen who are hereafter to constitute the membership of the Democratic national committee, and whose election is not provided for by law, shall be chosen in each State at such primary elections, and the service and authority of committeemen, however chosen, shall begin immediately upon the receipt of their credentials respectively.
"Campaign Contributions .- We pledge the Democratic party to the enactment of a law prohibiting any corporation from contribut- ing to a campaign fund and any individual from contributing any amount above a reasonable maximum.
"Term of President .- We favor a single Presidential term, and to that end urge the adoption of an amendment to the Constitution
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making the President of the United States ineligible to reelection, and we pledge the candidate of this convention to this principle.
"Democratic Congress .- At this time, when the Republican party, after a generation of unlimited power in its control of the Federal government, is rent into factions, it is opportune to point to the record of the accomplishment of the Democratic House of Repre- sentatives in the Sixty-second Congress. We endorse its action and we challenge comparison of its record with that of any Congress which has been controlled by our opponents.
"We call the attention of the patriotic citizens of our country to its record of efficiency, economy, and constructive legislation.
"It has, among other achievements, revised the rules of the House of Representatives so as to give to the representatives of the American people freedom of speech and of action in advocating, proposing, and perfecting remedial legislation. It has passed bills for the relief of the people and the development of our country; it has endeavored to revise the tariff taxes downward in the interest of the consuming masses and thus to reduce the high cost of living; it has proposed an amendment to the Federal Constitution providing for the elec- tion of United States Senators by the direct vote of the people; it has secured the admission of Arizona and New Mexico as two sovereign States; it has required the publicity of campaign expenses, both before and after election, and fixed a limit upon the election expenses of United States Senators and Representatives.
"It has passed a bill to prevent the abuse of the writ of injunc- tion; it has passed a law establishing an eight-hour day for work- men on all national public work; it has passed a resolution which forced the President to take immediate steps to abrogate the Russian treaty; and it has passed the great supply bills which lessen waste and extravagance and which reduce the annual expenses of the gov- ernment by many millions of dollars.
"We approve the measure reported by the Democratic leaders in the House of Representatives for the creation of a Council of National Defense which will determine a definite naval program with a view to increased efficiency and economy. The party that pro- claimed and has always enforced the Monroe doctrine and was
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sponsor for the new navy will continue faithfully to observe the constitutional requirements to provide and maintain an adequate and well-proportioned navy sufficient to defend American policies, protect our citizens, and uphold the honor and dignity of the nation.
"Republican Extravagance .- We denounce the profligate waste of money wrung from the people by oppressive taxation through the lavish appropriations of recent Republican Congresses, which have kept taxes high and reduced the purchasing power of the people's toil. We demand a return to that simplicity and economy which befits a democratic government, and a reduction in the number of useless offices, the salaries of which drain the substance of the people.
"Railroads, Express Companies, Telegraph and Telephone Lines. -We favor the efficient supervision and rate regulation of railroads, express companies, telegraph and telephone lines engaged in inter- state commerce. To this end we recommend the valuation of rail- roads, express companies, telegraph and telephone lines by the Inter- state Commerce commission, such valuation to take into considera- tion the physical value of the property, the original cost, the cost of reproduction, and any element of value that will render the valuation fair and just.
"We favor such legislation as will effectually prohibit the rail- roads, express, telegraph, and telephone companies from engaging in business which brings them into competition with the shippers or patrons; also legislation preventing the overissue of stocks and bonds by interstate railroads, express companies, telegraph and telephone lines, and legislation which will assure such reduction in transporta- tion rates as conditions will permit, care being taken to avoid reduc- tion that would compel a reduction of wages, prevent adequate serv- ice, or do injustice to legitimate investments.
"Banking Legislation .- We oppose the so-called Aldrich bill, or the establishment of a central bank, and we believe the people of the country will be largely freed from panics and consequent unemploy- ment and business depression by such a systematic revision of our banking laws as will render temporary relief in localities where such relief is needed, with protection from control or dominion by what is known as the Money Trust.
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"Banks exist for the accommodation of the public, and not for the control of business. All legislation on the subject of banking and currency should have for its purpose the securing of these accom- modations on terms of absolute security to the public and of complete protection from the misuse of the power that wealth gives to those who possess it.
"We condemn the present methods of depositing government funds in a few favored banks, largely situated in or controlled by Wall Street, in return for political favors, and we pledge our party to pro- vide by law for their deposit by competitive bidding in the banking institutions of the country, national and State, without discrimination as to locality, upon approved securities and subject to call by the government.
"Rural Credits .- Of equal importance with the question of cur- rency reform is the question of rural credits or agricultural finance. Therefore we recommend that an investigation of agricultural credit societies in foreign countries be made, so that it may be ascertained whether a system of rural credits may be devised suitable to condi- tions in the United States, and we also favor legislation permitting National banks to loan a reasonable proportion of their funds on real estate security.
"We recognize the value of vocational education, and urge Fed- eral appropriations for such training, and extension teaching in agri- culture in cooperation with the several States.
"Waterways .- We renew the declaration in our last platform relating to the conservation of our natural resources, and the develop- ment of our waterways. The present devastation of the lower Mis- sissippi valley accentuates the movement for the regulation of river flow by additional bank and levee protection below, and the diversion, storage and control of the flood waters above, and their utilization for beneficial purposes in the reclamation of arid and swamp lands and development of water-power, instead of permitting the floods to continue, as heretofore, agents of destruction.
"We hold that the control of the Mississippi River is a national problem; the preservation of the depth of its waters for the pur- pose of navigation, the building of levees to maintain the integrity of
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its channel, and the prevention of the overflow of the land and its consequent devastation, resulting in the interruption of interstate commerce, the disorganization of the mail service, and the enormous loss of life and property, impose an obligation which alone can be discharged by the general government.
"To maintain an adequate depth of water the entire year, and thereby encourage water transportation, is a consummation worthy of legislative attention and presents an issue national in its character. It calls for prompt action on the part of Congress, and the Demo- cratic party pledges itself to the enactment of legislation leading to that end.
"We favor the cooperation of the United States and the respective States in plans for the comprehensive treatment of all waterways, with a view of coordinating plans for channel improvement with plans for drainage of swamps and overflowed lands, and to this end we favor the appropriation by the Federal government of sufficient funds to make surveys of such lands, to develop plans for draining the same, and to supervise the work of construction.
"We favor the adoption of a liberal and comprehensive plan for the development and improvement of our inland waterways, with economy and efficiency, so as to permit their navigation by vessels of standard draught.
"Post Roads .- We favor national aid to State and local authorities in the construction and maintenance of post roads.
"Rights of Labor .- We repeat our declarations of the platform of 1908, as follows:
" 'The courts of justice are the bulwark of our liberties, and we yield to none in our purpose to maintain their dignity. Our party has given to the bench a long line of distinguished Justices who have added to the respect and confidence in which this department must be jealously maintained. We resent the attempt of the Republican party to raise a false issue respecting the judiciary. It is an unjust reflection upon a great body of our citizens to assume that they lack respect for the courts.
"'It is the function of the courts to interpret the laws which the people enact, and if the laws appear to work economic, social, or
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political injustice it is our duty to change them. The only basis upon which the integrity of our courts can stand is that of unswerving justice and protection of life, personal liberty, and property. As judi- cial processes may be abused, we should guard them against abuse.
" 'Experience has proved the necessity of a modification of the present law relating to injunctions, and we reiterate the pledges of our platforms of 1896 and 1904 in favor of a measure which passed the United States Senate in 1896 relating to contempt in Federal courts and providing for trial by jury in cases of indirect contempt.
" 'Questions of judicial practice have arisen, especially in connec- tion with industrial disputes. We believe that the parties to all judi- cial proceedings should be treated with rigid impartiality and that injunctions should not be issued in any case in which an injunction would not issue if no industrial dispute were involved.
" "The expanding organization of industry makes it essential that there should be no abridgement of the right of the wage-earners and producers to organize for the protection of wages and the improve- ment of labor conditions, to the end that such labor organizations and their members should not be regarded as illegal combinations in restraint of trade.
"'We pledge the Democratic party to the enactment of a law creating a Department of Labor, represented separately in the Presi- dent's cabinet, in which department shall be included the subject of mines and mining.
" 'We pledge the Democratic party, so far as the Federal jurisdic- tion extends, to an Employes' Compensation law providing adequate indemnity for injury to body or loss of life.'
"Conservation .- We believe in the conservation and the develop- ment, for the use of all the people, of the natural resources of the country. Our forests, our sources of water supply, our arable and our mineral lands, our navigable streams, and all the other material resources with which our country has been so lavishly endowed, con- stitute the foundation of our national wealth. Such additional legis- lation as may be necessary to prevent their being wasted or absorbed by special or privileged interests should be enacted, and the policy of their conservation should be rigidly adhered to.
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"The public domain should be administered and disposed of with due regard to the general welfare. Reservations should be limited to the purposes which they purport to serve, and not extended to include land wholly unsuited therefor. The unnecessary withdrawal from sale and settlement of enormous tracts of public land, upon which tree growth never existed and cannot be promoted, tends only to retard development, create discontent, and bring reproach upon the policy of conservation.
"The public land laws should be administered in a spirit of the broadest liberality towards the settler exhibiting a bona fide purpose to comply therewith, to the end that the invitation of this government to the landless should be as attractive as possible ; and the plain provisions of the Forest Reserve act permitting homestead entries to be made within the national forests should not be nullified by administrative regulations which amount to a withdrawal of great areas of the same from settlement.
"Immediate action should be taken by Congress to make available the vast and valuable coal deposits of Alaska under conditions that will be a perfect guaranty against their falling into the hands of monopolizing corporations, associations, or interests.
"We rejoice in the inheritance of mineral resources unequalled in extent, variety, or value, and in the development of a mining industry unequaled in its magnitude and importance. We honor the men who, in their hazardous toil underground, daily risk their lives in extracting and preparing for our use the products of the mines, so essential to the industries, the commerce, and the comfort of the people of this country. And we pledge ourselves to the extension of the work of the Bureau of Mines in every way appropriate for national legislation, with a view of safeguarding the lives of the miners, lessening the waste of essential resources, and promoting the economic development of mining, which, along with agriculture, must in the future, even more than in the past, serve as the very founda- tion of our national prosperity and welfare and our international commerce.
"Agriculture .- We believe in encouraging the development of a modern system of agriculture and a systematic effort to improve the
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conditions of trade in farm products so as to benefit both the con- sumers and producers. And as an efficient means to this end we favor the enactment by Congress of legislation that will suppress the perni- cious practice of gambling in agricultural products by organized exchanges or others.
"Merchant Marine .- We believe in fostering by constitutional regulation of commerce the growth of a merchant marine, which shall develop and strengthen the commercial ties which bind us to our sister republics to the south, but without imposing additional bur- dens upon the people and without bounties or subsidies from the pub- lic treasury.
"We urge upon Congress the speedy enactment of laws for the greater security of life and property at sea, and we favor the repeal of all laws and the abrogation of so much of our treaties with other nations as provide for the arrest and imprisonment of seamen charged with desertion or with violation of their contract of service. Such laws and treaties are un-American, and violate the spirit, if not the letter, of the Constitution of the United States.
"We favor the exemption from tolls of American ships engaged in coastwise trade passing through the Panama canal.
"We also favor legislation forbidding the use of the Panama canal by ships owned or controlled by railroad carriers engaged in transpor- tation competitive with the canal.
"Pure Food and Public Health .- We reaffirm our previous declara- tions advocating the union and strengthening of the various govern- mental agencies relating to pure foods, quarantine, vital statistics, and human health. Thus united, and administered without partiality to or discrimination against any school of medicine or system of healing, they would constitute a single health service, not subordinated to any commercial or financial interests but devoted exclusively to the con- servation of human life and efficiency. Moreover, this health service should cooperate with the health agencies of our various States and cities without interference with their prerogatives, or with the freedom of individuals to employ such medical or hygienic aid as they may see fit.
"Civil Service Law .- The law pertaining to the civil service should
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be honestly and rigidly enforced, to the end that merit and ability should be the standard of appointment and promotion, rather than service rendered to a political party; and we favor a reorganization of the civil service with adequate compensation commensurate with the class of work performed for all officers and employes; we also favor the extension to all classes of civil service employes of the benefits of the provisions of the Employers' Liability law; we also recognize the right of direct petition to Congress by employes for the redress of grievances.
"Law Reform .- We recognize the urgent need of reform in the administration of civil and criminal law in the United States, and we recommend the enactment of such legislation and the promotion of such measures as will rid the present legal system of the delays, expense, and uncertainties incident to the system as now administered.
"The Philippines .- We reaffirm the position thrice announced by the Democracy in national convention assembled against a policy of imperialism and colonial exploitation in the Philippines or elsewhere. We condemn the experiment in imperialism as an inexcusable blunder which has involved us in enormous expense, brought us weakness instead of strength, and laid our nation open to the charge of abandon- ment of the fundamental doctrine of self-government.
"We favor an immediate declaration of the nation's purpose to recognize the independence of the Philippine Islands as soon as a stable government can be established, such independence to be guaranteed by us until the neutralization of the islands can be secured by treaty with other powers. In recognizing the independence of the Philip- pines, our government should retain such land as may be necessary for coaling stations and naval bases.
"Arizona and New Mexico .- We welcome Arizona and New Mexico to the sisterhood of States, and heartily congratulate them upon their auspicious beginning of great and glorious careers.
"Alaska .- We demand for the people of Alaska the full enjoyment of the rights and privileges of a Territorial form of government, and we believe that the officials appointed to administer the government of all our Territories and the District of Columbia should be qualified by previous bona fide residence.
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"The Russian Treaty .- We commend the patriotism of the Demo- cratic members of the Senate and House of Representatives which compelled the termination of the Russian treaty of 1832, and we pledge ourselves anew to preserve the sacred rights of American citizenship at home and abroad. No treaty should receive the sanction of our government which does not recognize that equality of all our citizens, irrespective of race or creed, and which does not expressly guarantee the fundamental right of expatriation.
"The constitutional rights of American citizens should protect them on our borders and go with them throughout the world, and every American citizen residing or having property in any foreign country is entitled to and must be given the full protection of the United States government, both for himself and his property.
"Parcels Post and Rural Delivery .- We favor the establishment of a parcels post or postal express, and also the extension of the rural delivery system, as rapidly as practicable.
"Panama Canal Exposition .- We hereby express our deep interest in the great Panama Canal Exposition to be held in San Francisco in 1915, and favor such encouragement as can be properly given.
"Protection of National Uniform .- We commend to the several States the adoption of a law making it an offense for the proprietors of places of public amusement and entertainment to discriminate against the uniform of the United States, similar to the law passed by Congress applicable to the District of Columbia and the Territories in 1911.
"Pensions .- We renew the declaration of our last platform relating to a generous pension policy.
"Rule of the People .- We direct attention to the fact that the Democratic party's demand for a return to the rule of the people, expressed in the national platform four years ago, has now become the accepted doctrine of a large majority of the electors. We again remind the country that only by the larger exercise of the reserved power of the people can they protect themselves from the misuse of delegated power and the usurpation of governmental instrumentalities by special interests. For this reason the national convention insisted on the overthrow of Cannonism and the inauguration of a system by
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which United States Senators could be elected by direct vote. The Democratic party offers itself to the country as an agency through which the complete overthrow and extirpation of corruption, fraud, and machine rule in American politics can be effected.
"Conclusion .- Our platform is one of principles which we believe to be essential to our national welfare. Our pledges are made to be kept when in office, as well as relied upon during the campaign, and we invite the cooperation of all citizens, regardless of party, who believe in maintaining unimpaired the institutions and traditions of our country."
Progressive Party
After the nomination of Taft by the Republican con- vention steps were taken by the followers of Roosevelt for the establishment of a new political organization to be known as the Progressive party. Convention held in Chicago, August 5-7, 1912. Chairman, Albert J. Beveridge, of Indiana.
Theodore Roosevelt was nominated for President, and Hiram W. Johnson, of California, for Vice-Pres- ident-each by unanimous vote.
Platform (unanimously adopted) :
"The conscience of the people, in a time of grave national prob- lems, has called into being a new party, born of the nation's awakened sense of injustice.
"We of the Progressive party here dedicate ourselves to the fulfill- ment of the duty laid upon us by our fathers to maintain that govern- ment of the people, by the people, and for the people whose founda- tions they laid.
"We hold, with Thomas Jefferson and Abraham Lincoln, that the people are the masters of their Constitution to fulfill its purposes and to safeguard it from those who, by perversion of its intent, would convert it into an instrument of injustice. In accordance with the needs of each generation the people must use their sovereign powers
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to establish and maintain equal opportunity and industrial justice, to secure which this government was founded and without which no republic can endure.
"This country belongs to the people who inhabit it. Its resources, its business, its institutions, and its laws should be utilized, main- tained, or altered in whatever manner will best promote the general interest. It is time to set the public welfare in the first place.
"Political parties exist to secure responsible government and to execute the will of the people. From these great tasks both the old parties have turned aside. Instead of instruments to promote the general welfare, they have become the tools of corrupt interests which use them impartially to serve their selfish purposes. Behind the ostensible government sits enthroned an invisible government, owing no allegiance and acknowledging no responsibility to the people. To destroy this invisible government, to dissolve the unholy alliance be- tween corrupt business and corrupt politics, is the first task of the statesmanship of the day.
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