USA > New York > History of the state of New York, political and governmental, Vol. VI > Part 41
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"The Socialist party when in political control proposes to reor- ganize the government in form and substance so as to change it from a tool of repression into an instrument of social and industrial service. It affirms a fundamental truth of the American Declaration of Inde- pendence, that when a government fails to serve us, or becomes de- structive of human happiness, 'It is the right of the people to alter or
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POLITICAL AND GOVERNMENTAL HISTORY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK
[1920
abolish it and to institute a new government, laying its foundations on such principles, and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their safety and happiness.'
"The socialist transformation cannot be successfully accomplished by political victories alone. The reorganization of the industries upon the basis of social operation and cooperative effort will require an intelligent and disciplined working class, skilled not only in the pro- cesses of physical work but also in the technical problems of manage- ment. This indispensable training the workers can best gain as a result of their constant efforts to secure a greater share in the manage- ment of industries through their labor unions and cooperatives. These economic organizations of labor have also an immediate practice and vital function. Their daily struggles for betterment in the sphere of their respective industries supplement and reinforce the political efforts of the Socialist party in the same general direction, and their great economic power may prove a formidable weapon for safeguarding the political rights of labor.
"The Socialist party does not intend to interfere in the internal affairs of labor unions, but will always support them in their economic struggle. In order, however, that such struggle might attain the maximum of efficiency and success, the Socialists favor the organiza- tion of workers along lines of industrial unionism in closest organic cooperation as an organized working-class body.
"The Socialist party does not seek to interfere with the institution of the family as such, but promises to make family life fuller, nobler, and happier by removing the sordid factor of economic dependence of · woman on man, and by assuring to all members of the family greater material security and more leisure to cultivate the joys of the home.
"The Socialist party adheres strictly to the principle of complete separation of state and church. It recognizes the right of voluntary communities of citizens to maintain religious institutions and to wor- ship according to the dictates of their conscience.
"The Socialist party seeks to attain its end by orderly and consti- tutional methods so long as the ballot-box, the right of representation, and civil liberties are maintained. Violence is not the weapon of the Socialist party but of the short-sighted representatives of the ruling
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NATIONAL PARTY PLATFORMS
1920]
classes, who stupidly believe that social movements and ideals can be destroyed by brutal physical repression. The Socialists depend upon education and organiation of the masses.
"The domination of the privileged classes has been so strong that they have succeeded in persuading their credulous fellow-citizens that they, the despoilers of America, are the only true Americans; that their selfish class interests are the sacred interests of the nation; that only those that submit supinely to their oppressive rule are loyal and patri- otic citizens, and that all who oppose their exactions and pretensions are traitors to their country.
"The Socialists emphatically reject this fraudulent notion of patri- otism.
"The Socialist party gives its service and allegiance to the mass of the American people, the working classes, but this interest is not lim- ited to America alone. In modern civilization the destinies of all nations are inextricably interwoven. No nation can be prosperous and happy while its neighbors are poor and miserable. No nation can be truly free if other nations are enslaved. The ties of international interdependence and solidarity are particularly vital among the work- ing classes. In all the advanced countries of the world the working classes are engaged in the identical struggle for political and economic freedom, and the success or failure of each is immediately reflected upon the progress and fortunes of all.
"The Socialist party is opposed to militarism and to wars among nations. Modern wars are generally caused by commercial and finan- cial rivalries and intrigues of the capitalist interests in different coun- tries. They are made by the ruling classes and fought by the masses. They bring wealth and power to the privileged few and suffering, death, and desolation to the many. They cripple the struggles of the workers for political rights, material improvement, and social justice, and tend to sever the bonds of solidarity between them and their brothers in other countries.
"The Socialist movement is a world struggle in behalf of human civilization. The Socialist party of the United States cooperates with similar parties in other countries and extends to them its full support in their struggles, confident that the class-conscious workers all over
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the world will eventually secure the powers of government in their respective countries, abolish the oppression and chaos, the strife and bloodshed of international capitalism, and establish a federation of socialist republics cooperating with each other for the benefit of the human race and for the maintenance of the peace of the world."
The convention voted to commit the Socialist party to adherence to the "Third Internationale"-the Mos- cow organization dominated by Lenin, Trotzky, and the "Soviet" dictatorship of Russia. On this subject, however, the action taken was limited to a simple declaration of affiliation without commitment to any specific means for establishing the socialistic "interna- tional" commonwealth. A substitute proposal, de- signed to give sanction to extreme measures, such as the "dictatorship" of the "proletariat," was voted down by 90 to 40.
Socialist Labor Party
This party held its fifteenth national convention in New York, May 5-10, 1920. For President, William W. Cox, of Illinois; for Vice-President, August Gill- haus, of New York.
Throughout its career the Socialist Labor party has been consistently opposed to all expedients and compro- mises in the fight to establish the extreme program of socialism. It is frankly revolutionary and especially rejects the notions that trades-union development or mere politic action for the sake of securing votes are either consistent with its objects or desirable in them- selves even if seemingly accomplishing a measure of
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NATIONAL PARTY PLATFORMS
1920]
success. The convention reaffirmed the party declara- tion of 1916, as follows :
"Whereas, There exist to-day in the United States two conceptions of what an economic organization of labor should be; and
"Whereas, One conception-that held by the American Federation of Labor and kindred unions-is that the organization should concede the right of capitalists to own and control industry, and should be built upon narrow craft lines for the sole purpose of protecting its members in their employment and of securing petty improvements in the conditions of labor-thus becoming a mere 'watch-your-job-and- boost-your-pay' organization ; and
"Whereas, The other conception-that held only by the Workers' International Industrial Union-is that the economic organization of labor should deny the right of capitalism to continue in the ownership and control of industry and that it should be built upon industrial lines, not only with the aim of more efficiently cooperating in the daily struggle against the employing class but for the supreme pur- pose of taking possession of the industries and operating them in the interests of society as a whole ; and
"Whereas, Neutrality toward economic organizations of labor on the part of a political party of socialism is equivalent to neutrality toward organizations that endorse and support the system of private ownership of the social means of producing wealth, the system which the party is fighting; and
"Whereas, The bona fide or revolutionary socialist movement needs the economic as well as the political organization of labor-the latter for propaganda and as a civilized means of registering public opinion through the ballot, the former as the only conceivable organized force without which all ballot is impotent, and which force is essen- tial for ultimately locking out the capitalist class from the industries ; therefore be it
"Resolved, That the Socialist Labor party do all in its power to show the fallacy of craft unionism, and urge the workers to organize industrially on the principles of the Workers' International Industrial Union."
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POLITICAL AND GOVERNMENTAL HISTORY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK
[1920
The Election
Electoral vote for President and Vice-President:
Warren G. Harding and Calvin Coolidge, Republicans :- Arizona, 3; California, 13; Colorado, 6; Connecticut, 7; Delaware, 3; Idaho, 4; Illinois, 29; Indiana, 15; Iowa, 13; Kansas, 10; Maine, 6; Mary- land, 8; Massachusetts, 18; Michigan, 15; Minnesota, 12; Missourt, 18; Montana, 4; Nebraska, 8; Nevada, 3; New Hampshire, 4; New Jersey, 14; New Mexico, 3; New York, 45; North Dakota, 5; Ohio, 24; Oklahoma, 10; Oregon, 5; Pennsylvania, 38; Rhode Island, 5; South Dakota, 5; Tennessee, 12; Utah, 4; Vermont, 4; Washington, 7; West Virginia, 8; Wisconsin, 13; Wyoming, 3. Total, 404. Elected.
James M. Cox and Franklin D. Roosevelt, Democrats :- Alabama, 12; Arkansas, 9; Florida, 6; Georgia, 14; Kentucky, 13; Louisiana, 10; Mississippi, 10; North Carolina, 12; South Carolina, 9; Texas, 20; Virginia, 12. Total, 127.
Popular vote :
Harding, 16,152,200; Cox, 9,147,353; Debs, 919,799; Christen- sen, 265,411; Watkins, 189,408; W. W. Cox (Industrialist and Socialist Labor), 31,175 (15 States) ; Macauley, 5,837 (9 States). In addition there were cast in Texas 47,968 votes for the American party and 27,247 for the Black and Tan Republican party; and in South Carolina 360 for Harding, Insurgent Republican party.
INDEX
ABOLITIONISTS, The: Effects of the Missouri Compromise upon their movement, 67; Organization and first convention of the Abolition or Liberty party, 79-80; Vote in 1840, 84; References to in Democratic platforms, 82, 107, 132-133, 172; Convention and platform of 1844, 85-89; Clay and, 96-97; Vote in 1844, 97; Participation in organiz- ing the Free Soil party, 113.
Accidents to Employes, Compensation for: See "Employers' Liability" and "Workmen's Compensation." Adams, Charles Francis: Presides over Free Soil convention of 1848 and is nominated for Vice-President, 114; Defeated for Presidential nom- ination in Liberal Republican con- vention of 1872, 229.
Adams, John: A leader of the Fed- eralist party, 17; Elected and re- elected Vice-President, 20; Elected President, 21; 22; Nominated for reelection and defeated, 34-35.
(1) Adams, John Quincy: 49; 50; Elected President, 51-52; Defeated for reelection, 53-54.
(2) Adams, John Quincy: Straight- out Democratic nominee for Vice- President in 1872, 227.
Adams, Samuel, 21-22.
Administrative Commission: Favored by Progressives, 409.
Admissions of States to the Union: Constitutional amendment proposed by the Hartford convention, 46-47; "Balances" on the slavery question, 62-63; The California question, 121- 123 .- See also "Missouri Compro- mise" and "Territories."
African Slave Trade, The: Declara- tion by Republican platform of 1860, 199.
Agriculture: Democratic expressions, 236, 258, 267, 285, 373, 398, 401-402, 428, 454-456, 463; Republican ex- pressions, 252, 271, 306-307, 334, 356, 440, 475-476; Progressive platform of 1912, 416; Prohibition platform of 1920, 491; Farmer-Labor plat- form of 1920, 497; Socialist posi- tion, 509. - See also "Farm Loan Banks," "Public Lands," and Re- clamation."
Aiken, William: Defeated for Speak- er, 157.
Alaska: Settlement of the boundary, 337; Resources and their utilization, 387-388, 401, 414, 433, 465 .- See also "Territories."
Albany (N. Y.) : Abolition party con- vention held in, 79.
Aldrich Currency Bill, The: Opposed by the Democrats, 397, and Progres- sives, 412.
Alger, Russell A., 269.
Alien and Sedition Laws, The: En- actment of, 22; Kentucky and Vir- ginia Resolutions against, 23-33.
Aliens: Permitted to vote in Kansas Territory, 154; Ownership of land by, 257, 294; Women married to, 458, 483, 490; Agitations by and deportation of, 483, 505 .- See "Asia- tic Immigration," Chinese Exclu- sion, "Expatriation," Immigration," and "Naturalized Citizens."
Allegiance, 213, 216, 222 .- See also "Expatriation."
Allen, Henry J., 379.
Allen, William, 234. Allied Loans : Socialist demand for their cancellation, 506.
Allison, William B., 269, 305.
Amendments to the Constitution: Twelfth amendment, 38; Proposals of the Hartford convention, 46-48;
515
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POLITICAL AND GOVERNMENTAL HISTORY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK
Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth amendments, party expressions con- cerning, 204, 207, 211-212, 215, 217, 221, 225, 230, 234, 258, 270-271, 279- 280, 283-284, 309, 318, 336, 346, 357, 505; Eighteenth (Prohibition) amend- ment, 467, 488 ; Amendment proposed by William J. Bryan concerning treaties, 468 .- See also "Constitu- tion," "Income Tax," "President," "Senators," and "Woman Suffrage." American Alliance, The, 240, 264, 277. American Party, The (Know-Noth- ings) : Origin, 156, Strength at election of 1854, 156-157; Comment on, 163-164; Convention of 1856 and platform, 164-168; Condemned by Democratic platform of 1856, 171- 172; Overture rejected by Republi- cans, 178; Nominees endorsed by Whigs, 182; Presidential vote in 1856, 188; Supporters join the Con- stitutional Union party in 1860, 200. Annexation of Texas: Advocated by Democrats in 1844, 93; Comment, 94-96; The Whig position, 96; The result, 97-104.
Anti-Federalists, The, 20.
Anti-Masonic Party, The: Conven- tion and nominees in 1832, 69-70; Presidential vote, 74.
Anti-Monopoly Party, The, 263. Anti-Nebraskans,. The, 153, 157, 176. Anti-Trust Laws, 281, 285, 325, 333- 334, 336, 337, 342, 354, 362, 368- 369, 383, 393, 408-409, 422, 440, 481. Arbitration, International, and World Court: 143, 253, 335, 358-359, 382, 417, 426-427, 436.
Arbitration of Labor Disputes, 301, 309, 342-343, 335, 457, 477, 499.
Arid Lands, 281, 318, 327, 333, 343- 344, 357, 374, 387, 398, 413, 428, 462, 484.
Armenia, 308, 464, 472.
Army, The, 333, 345, 357, 425, 438, 484.
Arthur, Chester A .: Nominated for Vice-President, 242, and elected, 250; President, fails to receive renomination, 250-251; Eulogized, 251, 270.
Ashmun, George: Presides over Republican convention of 1860, 196.
Asiatic Immigration, 376, 465, 482 .- See also "Chinese Exclusion."
Association of Nations, An: Demo- cratic expression in 1916 favoring, 425-426.
Atchison, David R., and the repeal of the Missouri Compromise, 150. Atlantic City: Convention held in, 419.
"BALANCES" Concerning slavery, 62-63.
Baldwin, Simeon E., 390.
Baltimore, Conventions held in: Anti- Masonic, 69; National Republican, 70; Democratic, 73, 75, 81, 91, 104, 131, 193, 195, 226, 390; Whig, 90, 135, 182; Constitutional Union, 200; Republican, 203; Union Re- form, 329.
Bank of the United States, The: Support of by Clay and the Na- tional Republican party in 1832, 60, 70; The Whigs and, 91; Demo- cratic platform expressions, 82, 93, 106-107, 132-133, 171.
Banks (in general) : The Populists and, 293; Democratic expressions, 299, 326, 370, 397, 421-422, 455; Re- publican expressions, 385, 479; Pro- gressive party, 412; Farmer-Labor party, 497; Government ownership favored by the Socialists, 504, 509. -See also "Financial."
Banks, Nathaniel P .: Elected Speaker, 157; Nominated for Presi- dent by anti-slavery Know-Nothings and withdraws, 168; 178; on the Union, 185; 228.
Barbour, James: Presides over Na- tional Republican convention of 1831, 70, and Whig convention of 1839, 80.
Barbour, Philip P., 73.
Nominated for Barker, Wharton:
President by Middle-of-the-Road Populists, 328; Vote, 330.
Barnburners, The: at Democratic convention of 1848, 104-105; Con- nection with organization of Free Soil party, 113.
Barnum, Richard C., 500. Bates, Edward, 196.
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INDEX
Bates, Isaac C .: Presides over Whig convention of 1839, 80.
Bayard, James A .: Presides over convention of bolters at Charles- ton, 191; 227.
Bayard, Thomas F., 234, 246, 256.
Beecher, Henry Ward, and rifles for Kansas, 161.
Beer: Proposal concerning in Demo- cratic convention of 1920, 467.
Bell, John: Nominated for President by Constitutional Union party, 200- 201; Vote, 202.
Bell, Theodore A .: Presides over Democratic convention of 1908, 363.
Belmont, August, 391.
Benson, Allan L .: Nomination for President by Socialist party, and vote, 444.
Bentley, Charles E .: Nominated for President by National party, 312; Vote, 313.
Bidwell, John: Nominated for Presi- dent by Prohibition party, 295; Vote, 296.
Bigler, William: Presides over Democratic convention of 1864, 208.
Bimetallism: Republican expres- sions, 279, 307, 316; Democratic expressions, 286, 299, 303, 325-326; Favored by Populists, 293.
Birney, James G .: Nominated for President by Abolitionists in 1840, 79, and vote, 85; Renominated in 1844, 85, and vote, 97.
Black, James: Nominated for Presi- dent by Prohibition party, 227; Vote, 228.
Black, Jeremiah S., 227. Black List, The, 326.
Blackburn, Joseph C. S., 297.
"Blackest crime," 448, 449.
Blaine, James G .: Candidate for Presidential nomination in Repub- lican convention of 1876, 229; Con- vention of 1880, 241-242; Nomina- tion in 1884, 250, and vote, 264; 269; 278.
Blair, Francis P .: Presides over Pittsburgh convention of Republican party in 1856, 177.
Blair, Francis P., Jr .: Nominated for Vice-President by Democrats, 215; Vote, 219.
Bland, Richard P., 297.
Boers, The: Referred to, 320, 327.
Boies, Horace, 282, 297.
Borah, William E., 435, 468.
Border States, The, 119.
Botts, John M., 201. Boundary : The 'northeastern, 72;
The northwestern, 93-94, 98; The Alaskan, 337.
Bragg, Edward S., on Mr. Cleve- land's enemies, 255.
Bramlette, Thomas E., 228. Brazil, 270.
Breckinridge, John C .: Nominated by Democrats for Vice-President in 1856, 169, and elected, 187; 193; Nomination for President by south- ern Democrats in 1860, 195, 196, and vote, 202.
Breckinridge, Robert J .: Presides over Republican convention of 1864, 203.
Bristow, Benjamin H., 229.
Brooks, John A., 276.
Brown, B. Gratz: Nominated for Vice-President by Liberal Republi- cans and Democrats, 224, 227; Votes for President and Vice-Presi- dent, 228.
Brumbaugh, Martin G., 435.
Bryan, William J .: Nominations for President in 1896, 297-298, 311, and vote, 312-313; Nominations in 1900, 321, 328, 329, and vote, 330; Nomi- nation by Democrats in 1908, 363- 364, and vote, 378; Part in Demo- cratic convention of 1912, 390-392; Minority resolutions offered by in Democratic convention of 1920, 467- 468; Nominated for President by Prohibitionists in 1920 and declines, 488.
Bryce, J. S .: Presides over Demo- cratic convention of 1848, 104.
Buchanan, James: 104; 131; Minis- ter to England and connection with Ostend Manifesto, 158; Nomination by Democrats for President, 168-169, and election, 187-188; Opposition to Douglas in 1860, 202.
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POLITICAL AND GOVERNMENTAL HISTORY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK
Buckner, Simon B .: Nominated for
Vice-President by Gold Democrats, 311.
Budget, 431, 441, 454, 475, 478, 491.
Buffalo: Convention of Free Soil party held in, 113-114.
Burr, Aaron: 21; Contest for Presi- dency in 1800, 35-37.
Burrows, Julius C .: Presides over Republican convention of 1908, 350. Burton, Theodore E., 434.
Business and Government: Repre-
sentative expressions by Demo- crats, 260, 268, 285, 301, 325, 341- 342, 368-369, 376, 422, 457; by Re- publicans, 222, 272, 281, 317, 333- 334, 336, 352, 361, 381, 383, 439-440, 476-477, 481; by Populists, 290-291, 293; by Progressives, 409-410, 418; by Prohibitionists, 491; by Farmer- Labor party, 496-497; by Socialists, 503, 504, 507-509.
Butler, Benjamin F .: Resolution of- fered in Democratic convention of 1884, 263; Greenback and Anti- Monopoly candidate for President, 263; Vote, 264.
Butler, Nicholas Murray: Vote for Vice-President, 420; 468.
Butler, William O .: Nominated by Democrats for Vice-President, 104; Vote, 118.
CABOT, GEORGE, 47.
Caffery, Donelson: Presides over Gold Democratic convention, 311.
Calhoun, John C .: Elected Vice- President, 52; Reëlected, 54; Reso- lutions concerning the Territories, 192; Speech on the Compromise measures, 124.
California: Made a Territory, 102; Admission as a State without slav- ery, 120-124; Attempt to divide, 125. Cameron, J. Donald, 305.
Cameron, Simon, 196.
Campaign Contributions, 324, 362, 366, 386, 395, 396, 415.
Campbell, James E., 282, 297. Canada: The fisheries, 275; Reci- procity, 345, 411.
Canal: See "Isthmian Canal," "Nic- aragua," and "Panama Canal."
Cannon, Joseph G .: Presides over Republican convention of 1904, 331; 350.
Cannonism, 404.
Capital: Representative expressions by Republicans, 222, 272, 281, 317, 333-334, 336, 361, 381, 383; by Democrats, 236, 260, 268, 285, 301, 325, 341, 342, 457; by Populists, 290-291, 293; by Progressives, 409- 410; by Farmer-Labor party, 493, 494; by Socialists, 503, 504, 507- 509.
Carlisle, John G., 282.
Carroll, George W., 348.
Carroll, William: Presides over Democratic convention of 1840, 81. Cary, Samuel F., 239.
Cass, Lewis: 92; Nominated for President by Democrats, 104; De- feated, 117-118; 131; 168.
Catholics : Antagonized by Know- Nothings, 156, 167; Democratic ex- pression, 172.
Caucus, Congressional : See "Con- gressional Caucus."
Central America, 175, 274.
Centralization of Power: 17, 22-34, 247, 283, 298, 367, 394, 407. - See "State Rights."
Chafin, Eugene W .: Nomination for President by Prohibitionists, 377, and vote, 378; Renominated, 419, and vote, 420.
Chambers, B. J., 249.
Chapman, John G .: Presides over Whig convention of 1852, 135.
Charleston (S. C.) : Democratic con- ventions held in, 189, 191.
Chase, Salmon P .: 130; Signs pro- test against repeal of the Missouri Compromise, 152; 196; Commended by Democratic convention of 1868, 218; 224.
Chicago, Conventions held in: Re- publicans, 196, 211, 241, 250, 269, 331, 350, 379, 434, 468; Democrats, 208, 255, 282, 297; Greenbackers, 249; Anti-Monopoly party, 263; Prohibitionists, 329; Socialists, 348, 377; Independence party, 377; Pro- gressives, 405, 443; Farmer-Labor party, 492; Single Tax party, 500.
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INDEX
Children, Measures, etc., in the In- terest of, 289, 317, 353, 355, 407, 430, 442, 456, 458, 486, 490, 499, 505.
China, 319, 333, 335-336, 340.
Chinese Exclusion, 232, 237, 244, 248, 253, 261, 266, 271-272, 287, 335 .- See also "Asiatic Immigration."
Choate, Rufus, on the Republican party, 185.
Christensen, Parley P .: Nominated for President by Farmer-Labor party, 493; Vote, 514.
Church and State, 24, 166, 244, 247, 298, 339.
Cider: Proposal concerning in Demo- cratic convention of 1920, 467.
Cincinnati, Conventions held in: Democrats, 168, 246; Liberal Re- publicans, 224; Republicans, 229; Union Labor party, 276; Prohibi- tionists, 295; Middle-of-the-Road Populists, 328.
Civil Service, The: Expressions by Republicans, 221, 231, 246, 253, 275- 276, 281, 318, 335, 359, 385-386, 441, 485; by Liberal Republicans, 225; by Democrats, 237-238, 247-248, 260, 266-267, 302, 345, 373, 402-403, 431 ; by Progressives, 418; by Prohi- bitionists, 490.
Clark, Champ: Presides over Demo- cratic convention of 1904, 338; Contest for Presidential nomination in Democratic convention of 1912, 390-392.
Clay, Cassius M., 197.
Clay, Henry: Nomination and defeat for President in 1824, 50-52; Secre- tary of State, 52-53; Leadership of National Republicans and candidacy for President in 1832, 58-60, 70-72, 74; Connection with the Missouri Compromise, 65; Defeated for Whig nomination in 1840, 81; Candidate of Whigs in 1844, 90, 96, 97; De- feated for nomination in 1848, 110; Connection with Compromises of 1850, 122-123.
Clayton, Henry D .: Presides over Democratic convention of 1908, 363. Clayton, John M., 116.
Clayton, Powell: Presides over Re- publican convention of 1884, 250. Clayton Compromise, The, 116, 119. Cleveland (City), Conventions held in: Radical Republicans, 206; Pro- hibitionists, 240, 249.
Cleveland, Grover: Nominated for President by Democrats in 1884, 255-256, and elected, 264; Renomi- nated and defeated in 1888, 265, 277; Again nominated in 1892, 282, and elected, 295-296; Endorsement of administration refused by Demo- cratic convention of 1896, 304; Resolution on the death of, 363-364. Clinton, De Witt: Candidacy for the Presidency, 40-44.
Clinton, George: A leader of the Democratic-Republican party, 17; 20; 22; Elected and reelected Vice- President, 38-39; Plans of sup- porters to make him President, 39, 40.
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