USA > New York > Indian names in New-York : with a selection from other states, and some Onondaga names of plants, etc. > Part 5
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INDIAN NAMES.
this for the east branch. He also has Kah-yungk-wa-tah-toa for the whole stream, interpreted for me as A creek. Kun-da-qua, on Thurber's map, means the same. Heckewelder and Zeisber- ger called it Zi-noch-sa-a. Cusick told me this meant House on the bank, the Onondagas having gradually removed to the west bank of the creek by 1750, commencing the settlement a few years before.
De-o-nake-hus-sink, Never clean. Christian Hollow.
Gis-twe-ah-na, Little man. Onondaga Valley, in allusion to the tradition that the friendly pigmies inhabit the ravine just west of the present village, but this I learned quite recently.
Teu-a-heugh-wa, Where the path crosses the road, the name of Onondaga Valley according to Clark. Morgan renders it Te-o- ha-ha-hen-wha, Turnpike across the valley; and I received it as Tu-ha-han-wah, To the crossing road.
Te-ga-che-qua-ne-on-ta, Hammer hanging. Onondaga West Hill. Kah-che-qua-ne-ung-ta is the same, but the allusion is now forgotten. On Mitchell's map these hills appear as the Te- gerhunkserode mountains, but this name belongs a little farther west.
Ta-gooch-sa-na-gech-ti appears as the name of the lower On- ondaga town in 1750, but this is the council name of the nation already mentioned. It may have had this, however, as being the place of the council-house. There were then two villages in the valley, and afterwards three.
Nan ta-sa-sis, Going partly round a hill. According to Mor- gan a village three miles south of the castle, by which he may have meant the one occupied a century ago, though his map would place it near Cardiff. The name would be significant in either case.
Ka-na-ta-go-wa, Large village, is now applied to the settle- ment around the council-house, or Kah-na-tah-koon-wah.
Te-uh-swen-kien-took, Board hanging dowe. Castle Hotel, alluding to a swinging sign.
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INDIAN NAMES.
Tah-te-nen-yo-nes, Place of making stone. Reservation quar- ries.
Te-ka-wis-to-ta, Tinned dome. Lafayette village.
Ka-na-sah-ka, Sandy place. Brighton. In the sand there were the foot-prints of Tarenyawagon and the great mosquito, for- merly frequently renewed.
Ta-ko-a-yent-ha-qua, Place where they used to run. The old race course at Danforth.
O-ser-i-gooch, a large lake in Tully, having this name in 1745. Ka-nugh-wa-ka, Where the rabbits run. Cicero swamp.
Ka-na-wah-goon-wah, In a big swamp, is another name for this.
T'kah-koon-goon-da-nah-yeh, Eel lying down. Caughdenoy, in allusion to the fisheries there.
Teu-nea-yahs go-na, Place of big stones. Geddes, where large stones were used for the canal.
Ste-ha-hah, or Sta-ha-he, Stones in the water. Baldwinsville, in allusion to the rifts, or perhaps two huge bowlders in the river above the village.
.Kah-yah-tak-ne-t'ke-tah-keh, Where the mosquito lies. Cen- terville, and connected with the story of the great mosquito.
Ta-te-so-weh-nea-ha-qua, Where they made guns. Navarino.
Ar-non-i-o-gre, a place from which Lamberville dated a letter, giving Onondaga news, in 1684.
The following are reservation names:
Ku-na-tah, Where the hemlock bushes grow, is near A. Cusick's house, the hemlocks being small there.
T'kah-skoon-su-tah, To the falls, applied to the creek coming from the east, on which there are some pretty falls.
T'kah-neh-sen-te-u. Stony place, or Stones throwm on the road, on the road to Cardiff.
T'kah-nah-tah-kae-ye-hoo, At the old village, on the east side of the reservation.
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INDIAN NAMES.
Ku-ste-ha, To the stony place, near William Printup's.
Unimportant local names, like some of these, are frequent about all reservations, and many places have more than one name. Even among the Onondagas, however, some early names are now altogether forgotten.
ONTARIO COUNTY.
Father Hennepin twice mentions the meaning of the name applied to Ontario county, and which should have been given to one bordering on the lake. "The river of St. Lawrence derives its source from Lake Ontario, which is likewise called in the Iro- quois language, Skanadario, that is to say, very pretty lake." Also, "The great river of St. Laurence, which I have often mentioned, runs through the middle of the Iroquois country, and makes a great lake there, which they call Ontario, viz: the beautiful lake." It had other names to be noted elsewhere, but the Senecas some- times called it O-hu-de-a-ra, and in 1615 Champlain termed it the lake of the Entouhonorons, whom he placed west of the Ir- oquois. "The Antouhonorons are 15 villages built in strong positions. The Yroquois and the Antouhonorons make war together against all the other nations, except the Neu- tral nation." They were thus probably the Senecas, who were the last to enter the Iroquois confederacy, and who may have even then been but loosely attached to it. Otherwise they would have been the Eries, but these were too far west. The Dutch gave the name of Senecas to all the Iroquois but the Mo- hawks. This name will be considered later.
Son-nont-ou-ans, an early name of the Senecas, was often ap- plied by the French to their principal town.
Can-a-dice, or Skan-e-a-tice, Long lake, is the same name as Skaneateles. The lakes to which this name was so often given, are not among the largest. They are simply long for their width, · or by comparison with others near.
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INDIAN NAMES.
Can-an-dai-gua, Place chosen for a settlement, has many forms, all easily identified. As its name implies it was not an early village.
Ka-shong creek, on the west side of Seneca lake, was a place where successive villages existed, and the name varied. Gagh- sough-gwa is as near the present form as any. Gagh-congh-wa, another of these, is interpreted The limb has fallen. It was one of the villages burned in 1779.
Hon-e-o-ye lake, Finger lying. This odd name may be re- cognized by its sound through many early formns.
Honeoye outlet is O-neh-da, Hemlock, from the trees along its course.
Ga-o-sa-ga-o, In the basswood country, is applied to the town of Victor, with a more distinct meaning in the next.
Gan-na-ga-ro was the principal Seneca village in 1677, and was situated on Boughton Hill in Victor. It was also called Gan- non-ga-rae. A. Cusick was hardly certain whether to call this She lived there, or Many animals. The French had other names for these villages. Te-ga-ran-di-es was another for this one.
Ko-ha-se-ragh-e and Ka-he-sa-ra-he-ra, Light on a hill, were names for the same place in 1691. Greenhalgh called it Cana- gora, which would mean the Great village. In 1847, Mr. O. H. Marshall had another name for the village site, which has been applied to Victor in general. It was given him by the Seneca chief Blacksnake, and was Ga-o-sa-eh-ga-aah, The basswood bark lies there. According to the old chief the village was supplied by one fine spring on the hillside, and conductors of basswood bark brought the water to convenient points, the town being quite large. It was burned when De Nonville invaded the Sen- eca country, and was occupied a long time.
Ga-nun-da-ah, Village on a hill. West Bloomfield. Most of the Seneca names and villages are quite recent.
Ax a-quen-ta, Firestone creek, as given by Zeisberger, was the
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INDIAN NAMES.
name of Flint creek. A. Cusick at first thought it meant A child lying down, but the Cayuga name for flint is Atrakwenda, and this fairly agrees with other forms of the name, as Ah-ta- gweh-da-ga.
Jen nea-to-w ..- ka, or To-na-kah, People of the large hill Fort Hill in Naples. Another form is Nun-da-wa-o, Great hill, ap- plied to the same place, where the Senecas said they had their origin.
Ne-ga-te-ca was a spring in the Seneca country, according to an old map. It was not exactly laid down, and may have been the well-known burning spring; but there are other reasons for identifying it with the springs at Caledonia. I am inclined to think it the former.
O-toch-shi-a-cho, a stream near Oun-a-chee, in 1750, was Fall Brook.
Kan-a-de-sa-ga, or Ga-nun-da-sa-ga, near Geneva, was New settlement village. It was burned in 1779. Seneca lake was called by this name for some time.
Ga-en-sa-ra was one name of the Seneca capital in 1687.
Other towns mentioned by Greenhalgh were To ti-ak-ton or The-o-de-hac-to, meaning the Bended river ; Ca-na-en-da, and Ke-int-he, the latter meaning a river. It was afterwards given to an Iroquois town on the north shore of Lake Ontario, and then transferred to the Bay of Quinte.
The Seneca dialect is considered to be nearest akin to the Cayuga, as might be expected. The indications are that both these nations had dwelt longer in the Iroquois country than the three eastern nations, and that they were a different branch of the family, allied to the Eries and Neutrals, as their traditions affirmed. Their early separation from those near the St. Law- rence would account for their differing dialects, and there was nothing to bring them into contact with the others until the forming of the confederacy. This early separation may have occurred either at the eastern or western end of Lake Erie.
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INDIAN NAMES.
ORANGE COUNTY.
Cheese-cocks was the early name of a natural meadow.
Ma-hack-e-meck was a name of the Neversink, which is an- other Indian name. It was also called Mag-gagh-ka-mi-sek in 1694.
Basher's kill is said to have been named after a squaw called Basha. She fell into the water under a deer she was bringing home, and was drowned.
Quas-sa-ic creek derives its name from Qussuck, stone, and ick, place, and is properly rendered Stone creek, or Place of the rock.
Wa-wa-yan-da has only been interpreted in a half joking way, as though it were broken English from an Indian looking out on the fine prospect, and saying "Away, way yonder."
Mat-te-a-wan mountains, White rocks. Schun-e-munk moun- tain probably means the same.
Pon-chunk mountain.
Cush-i-e-tank mountains appear on a map of 1768.
Pit-kis-ka-ker and Ai-a-skaw-os-ting were names for the high hills west of Murderer's kill.
Mis-tuc-ky was an Indian village in Warwick.
Sin-si-pink, a lake near West Point.
Mm-i-sink has been interpreted Land from which the water has gone, which may be fanciful.
Mon-gaup river was also called Mon-gaw-ping, etc. It means Several streams from its three branches.
Other streams were Ramapo river, Potuck, Monwagan, and Paughcaughnanghsink creeks.
ORLEANS COUNTY.
Da-gea-no-ge-a nut, Two sticks coming together. Oak Or- chard creek.
De-o-wun-dak-no, Where boats were burned. Albion.
Date-geh-ho-seh, One string across another. Medina.
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INDIAN NAMES.
OSWEGO COUNTY.
O-swe-go, Osh-wa-kee, Swageh, are among the forms of a well- known name. It means Flowing out, or Small water flowing into that which is large. The name belongs to the river, but- was applied to the lake by the Onondagas, in which case it meant the lake at Oswego. J. V. H. Clark interpreted it " I see every- where and see nothing." applying it to the view, and connecting it with the story of Hiawatha. This definition will not stand. L. H. Morgan said it had this name throughout its descending course, but in ascending, the river was called by the name of the nation to which its various parts led. This seems to have been the case. The name was also applied to Lake Erie and the Grand river in Canada. The French sometimes spelled it O- choue-guen. Frontenac first mentioned the port of Oswego by the latter name in 1682, but Raffeix had thus termed the Sen- eca river, near Cayuga lake, in 1670. Le Moyne descended the river in 1654. but did not ascend it It was often called the river of the Onondagas.
Lake of En-ton-ho-no-rons. Champlain called Lake Ontario by this name in 1615, at which time he landed at the mouth of Salmon river, and crossed the county to the foot of Oneida lake.
Cat-a-ra-qui, or Cad-a-ra-qui. Fort in the water, was a common name for the same lake, derived from Fort Frontenac at King. ston. This was long a French stronghold.
Ne-at-a-want-ha is a name recently applied to Fish lake, a few rods west of Oswego Falls, and much above the river. A. Cu- sick interprets this as a Lake hiding from the river, which is cer- tainly appropriate.
. Caugh-de-noy, Eel lying down, according to the same author- ity. A village on Oneida river where there are several eel-weirs. The Indians made some on this river.
On-ti-a-han-ta-gue, Large clearing, is the earliest and appro- priate name for the mouth of Salmon river. It was also called .
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INDIAN NAMES.
Ca-no-hage, A-con-hage, and Ga-hen-wa-ga, meaning a creek. Other names were Kahiaghage, Keyouanouague, Ahanhage, and Asonhage, with Cajonhago in 1687, and Cayhunghage in 1726. In Clark's Onondaga it is confused with the Oswego river. The French commonly called it La Famine, and Charleyoix said that the river had its name from the half famished condition of De la Barre's troops, when encamped at its mouth in 1684, but the name appears earlier. It probably came from the hunger of the French colonists of 1656, as they coasted along on their way to Onondaga. Two years before the Onondagas had a fishing vil- lage of Huron captives there, and it was the place first intended for the French settlement?
He-ah-haw-he, Apples in the crotch of a tree. Grindstone creek.
Ka-dis-ko-na, Long marsh. New Haven creek.
Ga-nunt-sko-wa, Large bark, was an early name for Salmon creek, and is essentially the same as Cassonta Chegonar, Great bark. A. Cusick interpreted this more exactly as Large pieces of bark lying down, ready for building.
Kuh-na-ta-ha, Where pine trees grow, is the present Indian name of the village of Phoenix.
Kah-skungh-sa-ka, Many falls following, is the present Onon- daga name of Oswego Falls. It had several names in early chronicles, some of which are but variations of the present one, and it was called Gal-kon-thi-a-gue a little later, and A-ha-oue- te in 1656, if the latter is not the name of another rapid. David Cusick called the place Kus-keh-saw-kich.
Ten-ca-re Ne-go-ni was interpreted for me as He will scatter his people everywhere, and was an early name for the River de la Planche, or Sandy creek.
Kan-a-ta-gi-ron, defined for me as The creek is already there, is a small creek between Salmon river in this county and Big Sandy creek in Jefferson.
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INDIAN NAMES.
Ga-so te-na, High grass. Scriba's creek.
Te-qua-no-ta-go-wa, Big marsh. Bay creek.
De-non-ta-che river, Flowing through a mountain, a name of uncertain location on a map of 1670, is either Oswego or Salmon river, but David Cusick assigned it to the Mohawk. The name appears near Oswego.
Ke-hook, or Qui-e-hook, We spoke there, a village mentioned in 1665, either at Oswego Falls or Phoenix, These fishing vil- lages were temporary, and the name appears near Oneida lake in 1700. There was a summer fishing village at Phoenix in 1654.
Kag-ne-wa-gra-ge, The ledge over which the water falls, has been applied to Oswego Falls, and also to a spot on the Oneida river ..
Ka-so-ag is the name of a post office, and Lycoming an ap- plied name.
OTSEGO COUNTY.
Ote-sa-ga is Otsego lake, and traditionally is supposed to refer to a large stone at the outlet. In the last century the name also appeared as Os-ten-ha, which A. Cusick tells me is something about a stone, and Cooper, in the preface to Deerslayer, says that the stone above mentioned still retained the name of the "Otsego Rock."
Schen-e-vus, called Shen-i-va creek on a map of 1790, was rendered Se-ha-vus, or First hocing of corn, by A. Cusick. It varies in form.
Nis-ka yu-na is a name which appears also in Schenectady county. It was interpreted for me as Corn people, but the mean- ing is given elsewhere as Extensive corn flats. I quote also a conjectural meaning, which is erroneous, from French's Gaz- etteer, on the locality in Otsego county : "About 2 miles north of Clarksville is a rock called by the Indians Nis-ka-yu-na, (prob- ably meaning Council Rock.) where various tribes from the S.
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INDIAN NAMES.
were accustomed to meet the Mohawks in council. In former days the rock was covered with hieroglyphics, but from its shaly nature all are now obliterated." Of course the Mohawks held councils in no such places.
O-ne-on-ta, A stony place.
De-u-na-dil-la, or U-na-dilla, Place of meeting, perhaps of the Mohawks and Oneidas in southern expeditions, or merely of the streams. Among the early forms of the name were Ti-an-der-ra and Te yon-a-del-hough It was defined as Meeting of the waters, at an early day.
To-wa-no-en-da-lough, the first Mohawk town on the Susque- hanna in 1753. seems the same name.
Wau-teg-he was a village farther down.
O-te-go may be the same as the last.
A-di-ga creek on the map of 1790, and A-te-ge creek on a map of 1826, flows through Otego township, and is the same name.
Kagh ne-an-ta-sis, given me as Where the water whirls, was a whirlpool six or eight miles below Wauteghe.
Te-yon-e-an-dakt was three miles north of Unadilla.
O-wa-ri-o-neck creek, east of Unadilla, was interpreted for me, Where the teacher lives.
Ti-on-on-da don, a small branch of the Susquehanna, near Ot- sego lake, was defined for me as Where she gave him something. On the map of the N. Y. grants the country about Unadilla is called To-wa-nen-da-don.
Can-i-a-da-ra-ga, On the lake, was the early name of Schuyler's lake. It has been revived as Can-a-da-ra-go and Can-da-ja-ra-go.
Con-i-hun to, or Gun-ne-gun-ter, was a village of 1779, four- teen miles below Unadilla. Colden also gives Co-hon-go-run-to as a name of the Susquehanna, but it probably means the river at that place.
Ka-un-seh-wa-ta-u-yea, David Cusick's name for the Susque-
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INDIAN NAMES.
hanna. Albert Cusick, however, gave it to me as Kau-na-seh- wa-de-u-yea, Sandy ; and in Onondaga as Kah-na-se-u, Nice sand. Ga-wa-no-wa-na-neh, Great island river, is another Iroquois name. They called it Scan-an-da-na-ni in 1775, referring to Wyoming.
Quen-isch-achsch-gek-han-ne, River with long reaches. Heck- ewelder says that Susquehanna is corrupted from this. On the map of the N. Y. grants it is called the Sus-que-han-ock, and it had this name at an early day among the shore Indians. Capt. John Smith met the gigantic people who lived on its banks and were called by this name. To the Iroquois they were known as Andastes, and seem to have been the Conestogas.
Sogh-nie-jah-die, He is lying in the sun again, according to my informant. An east branch of the Susquehanna.
Oc-qui-o-nis, He is a bear, as interpreted for me, is now Fly creek. If this were a Delaware name it would relate to a fox.
Ots-da-wa creek.
On a recent postal map Otsego lake appears as Do-se-go lake.
A small lake is laid down on Pouchot's map, south of Otsego and Schuyler lakes, called Lake Sa-tei-yi-e-non, which may be Utsyanthia.
PUTNAM COUNTY.
Os-ka-wa-no, so called from an Indian, is now Lake Canopus.
Ma-cook-pack was an early form of Lake Mahopac. It varie; somewhat, and was the name of an Indian tribe.
Wick-o-pee pond was also called from an Indian tribe.
Ti-o-run-da, Place where two streams meet. Fishkill.
Kil-lal-e-my was an early name for the southern part of the county.
Pus-sa-pa-num, or Pus-sa-ta-num.
Sim-me-wog hill.
Lakes To-net-ta, (?) Kish-e-wa-na, and Mo-he-gan.
Lake Os-ce-o-la, between the last and Lake Mahopac.
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INDIAN NAMES.
Lake Mo-hen-sick. Crum pond. Of late there has been a disposition to replace local appellations with Indian names.
QUEENS COUNTY.
Sa-cut, an early name of Success pond.
Rock-a-way beach, Bushy.
Mer-ic, Mo-roke, or Mer-i-koke, the name of Mer-rick, from an Indian tribe there.
Can-o-ras-set was the name first proposed for Jamaica, and the latter is said to mean Land of wood and water in the West Indies, but here it is founded on a local name.
Mas-peth, sometimes Mis-pat.
Man-has-set, sometimes called Sint Sink by the Indians.
Mat-in-i-cock Point, 1661, may be derived from Martinne- houck, an Indian village on Martin Gerritsen's bay in 1650.
Mock-gon-ne-kouck, 1645.
Ca-um-sett, early name of Lloyd's Neck.
Se-a-wan-ha-ka, Island of shells, Mat-tan-wake, Long island. Pau-man-acke, and Me-i-to-wax, are names for Long Island.
Suns-wick, Indian name of a stream near Astoria.
Lu-sum, early name of Jericho.
Mar-se-ping or Mar-se-peague Indians.
Se-que-tanck Indians, 1675.
Mat-se-pe, 1644. Now Mas-se-pe river.
So-pers and Sy-os-set are other names.
RENSSELAER COUNTY.
Tom-han-nock creek is Tom-he-nick on Tryon's map.
Pon-o-kose kill.
Ti-er-ken creek, Noisy stream.
Paps-ka-nee island is also Poeps-ken-e-koes, etc. It is Pop- she-ny on an early map.
Pe-ta-qua-po-en, an early Indian name for Greenbush. Jus- cum-ea-tick is another for the same place.
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INDIAN NAMES.
Me-sho-dac peak, in Nassau.
Psan-ti-coke swamp is in the same town.
Hoo-sick or Ho-sack, Place of stones. The name of an early settler, however, was Alexander Hosack. It has also been de- fined Along the kettle.
Pan-hoo-sick, north of Troy, and included in Van Rensselaer's purchase of 1646.
Pa-an-pa-ack, Field of corn, was the site of Troy, and includ- ed in the same purchase.
Tou-har-na, a tributary of the Hoosick, was interpreted for me as Hook or spear caught in the water.
Na-chas-sick-qua-ack, or Na-cha-quick-quack, an early name at the falls of this river.
Que-quick, early name of Hoosick falls, like the last.
Ma-roon-ska-ack, a stream tributary to the Hoosick at Sank- hoick.
Ma-qua-con-kaeck, another near the last.
Ma-quain-ka-de-ly, another tributary.
Per-i-go Hill.
Tsat-sa-was-sa creek, sometimes called Tack-a-wa-sick.
Pat-ta-was-sa creek.
Wal-loom-sac river is variously spelled on old maps.
Ty-o-shoke church, at San Coick, is mentioned early. Ti-a- shoke.
Deepi and Kaola kills seem more than doubtful names.
On-ti-ke-ho-mawck, an early village of Stockbridge Indians.
Scagh-ti-coke, Land slide, is variously spelled. Some New England Indians settled there in 1672. Pah-ha-koke is the Stockbridge name for this place.
Wit-ten-a-ge-mo-ta, or Council tree, a large oak in the town of Scaghticoke.
Pa-en-sic Kill.
Po-quam-pa-cake creek. flowing into Hoosick river, 1779.
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INDIAN NAMES.
Scho-duck island, near Albany. Scho-dack, Fire-place, was the old seat of the Mohegans, and was situated at Castleton on the Hudson, said to have been so called from the Indian castle on the adjacent hills. Is-cho-da is also given as a varying name, meaning Fire meadow.
Un-se-wats castle, on the river bank in Rensselaer's map.
Pis-ca·wen creek.
Sem-es-seer-se, or Se-me-se-eck, was opposite Castle street, Albany.
Pe-ta-nock, a mill stream above.
Ne-ga-gon-se, three miles north of the last. These four ap- pear on Van Rensselaer's patent, 1630.
Pot-quas-sic, Sheep-sha-ack, and Ta-es-ca-me-a-sick, are all names for Lansingburgh.
RICHMOND COUNTY.
Mo-ta-nucke. Mo-nock-nong, Aque-hon-ga and Egh-qua-ous were early names of Staten Island, the last two meaning, High sandy banks. There were several small Indian tribes along New York bay.
ROCKLAND COUNTY.
The Ka-ki-ate Patent is said to have been "called by the In- dians, Whor-i-nims, Pe-ruck, Ge-ma-kie, and Na-nash-nuck."
Hack-en-sack river, Low land.
Min-is-ce-on-go, or Min-is-con-ga creek.
Tap pan naturally suggests an English name, but is Indian. Heckewelder says, "This is from the Delaware language, and de- rived from Thup-hane, or Tup-hanne, 'Cold Spring.'"
Mon-sey, A wolf, from the Muncey Indians, is variously spelled.
Ma-haick-a-mack or Ne-ver-sink, Ny-ack, Pas-cack, Ram-a-po, Mat-te-a-wan. Mi-nas, and Scun-ne-mank are other names.
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INDIAN NAMES.
ST. LAWRENCE COUNTY.
Os-we-gatch-ie river is Black water, and is locally pronounced Os-we-gotch-ee. It was called La Presentation by the French, who founded a mission there in 1749. It appeared as Swe-ga- ge in 1750, and also So-e-gas-ti. J. Macauley told J. Sims that the name meant Going around a hill, but this was On-on-to-hen, a local name on the river at Ox-bow, in Jefferson county.
O-tsi-kwa-ke, Where the ash tree grows with large knots, is a name for both Indian river and Black lake. O-je-quack, Nut river, is another name for Indian river.
Che-gwa-ga, In the hip. Black lake.
Kan-a-waga, Rapid river. is the St. Lawrence, from its numer- ous and great rapids, which the Iroquois once thought insur- mountable by large boats.
O-ra-co-ten-ton, or O-ra-co-nen-ton, is Chinmey island. This was the scene of the last fight between the French and English in 1760, and the ruins of the fort may yet be seen.
Chip-pe-wa bay.
Pas-kuu-ge-mah is Tupper's lake, called also A-re-yu-na. An- other name is Tsit-kan-i-a-ta-res-ko-wa, Largest luke.
Tsi-kan-i-on-wa-res-ko-wa, Long pond, a small lake below the last. The names differ but slightly.
Gar-on-ou-oy, the Long Sault in 1673, is almost identical with the next. It probably means Where one speaks with a loud voice, or A confused voice.
Ka-ron-kwi is the lower Long Sault island, and scarcely differs from the last.
Tsi-jo-wen-o-kwa-ra-te, High island. Upper Long Sault island. Ka-wen-o-ko-wa-nen-ne, Big island. Cornwall.
O-ton-di-a-ta was interpreted for me as Stone stairs, an appro- priate name. It was applied to Grenadier island as early as 1673, and with slight variations was always prominent.
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