USA > New York > New York City > New York panorama : a comprehensive view of the metropolis > Part 51
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THE WORLD'S FAIR
were prize winners in the contest. Two others, Leonard Dean and Franc Keally, have designed the Hall of Communications. Plans for all building to be erected at the fair must be approved by the Board of Design, but i practice this approval indicates only a corrective supervision of architeci appointed by private exhibitors and foreign governments.
Some of the more striking buildings the designs of which had bee, revealed at the time of the preview, and not mentioned above, include a "inside-out" building, and a building "roofless and wall-less." The forme structure, designed by Walter Dorwin Teague to house the exhibits ci the United States Steel Corporation, will consist of a hemispheric she of polished stainless steel supported and segmented by external girde: joining at the top. Norman Bel Geddes is the designer of the "roofle: and wall-less" building, which will be used by Wilson & Co., the Chicag packing house. This unique structure will consist of a series of hug showcases tied together architecturally by a winding ramp and a 96-for glass pylon-the only lighting fixture-in the center of the plot. Thp $750,000 Gas Exhibits building will feature a Court of Flame in which four 90-foot pylons, suggestive of the grid points above the burner of gas range, will surround a burning 50-foot jet of gas. The motif of th Cosmetics building is a lady's powder box; that of the Radio Corporatio of America, the radio tube; while the Continental Baking Company build ing has been inspired by the doughnut. Less novel architecturally will } the non-sectarian Temple of Religion; set in a cloistered garden, it wi rise in the form of a tower, 150 feet high.
Not many designs of foreign government pavilions had been disclosed : the time of the preview, but the announced plans for the Belgian, Italia and Egyptian examples indicate the variety to be expected. The Belgia building will be thoroughly modern, with plate glass forming fully ha of the exterior. Italy's pavilion is described as "modern-classical"; risin high above the frontal colonnades and the oblong block of the buildin itself, a tower surmounted by a statue will be the source for a cascade ( water. Egypt's pavilion is in the conventional style commonly associate with that country, with a temple-like façade ornately decorated.
Expositions dramatize architecture to the public. A world's fair, 1 course, is intended to make money for the sponsoring community and 1 advertise industry; but a fair also gives architects and designers a chanc in erecting temporary structures out of impermanent materials, to crysta lize the art of their time and perhaps precipitate the art of the futur Fa Many expositions have caused major or minor waves of architectural d
PERISPHERE AND TRYLON 497
elopment in the style of the exposition. The Paris fair of 1889, featuring e skyscraper skeleton-the Eiffel Tower-began the Art Nouveau move- ient. The famed Crystal Palace, a huge glass-and-iron edifice designed for he London Exposition of 1851, illustrated the principle of "take down" onstruction. Erected in Hyde Park, and later removed piecemeal to Syden- am Hill, it was destroyed by fire in 1936. This was perhaps the first de- nitive monument of modern architecture. The exhibits of the Paris Ex- osition of 1925 exercised an influence on almost every form of artistic fort. Nothing was exhibited which the authorities considered an imita- on or an expression of any ancient style. The two American expositions hat perhaps affected architecture most were the Chicago fair in 1893 and he San Diego Exposition in 1915. The magnificent classic architecture of he Chicago display was a revelation to the American people; from that ear until about 1915, a majority of the civic buildings erected in Middle nd Western America were of classic or pseudo-classic type. At the San Diego fair, Bertram G. Goodhue modernized the ornate architecture of pain and embodied color in his buildings by the use of tiles. This style pread rapidly through California, Florida and other states. "The ultra- nodern functional architecture at Chicago's Century of Progress Expo- ition created a popular furor and good gate receipts and it has exerted an influence, not only on American architecture during the past five years, out on the architecture of the present fair as well."
New York's fair, as indicated by the designs and the already visible tructures, will be bold and striking, with much of the architecture-per- aps not inappropriately for an 'exposition-striving for sensational effects. At the other extreme, scalloped walls, fluted pilasters and old-fashioned columns are not entirely banned. In general, the buildings will be rel- tively low, discreet and orderly.
To the west of the fair site is Corona; to the east, Flushing; Kew Gar- lin dens and Forest Hills lie to the south. The reclamation of the site, orig- onally an old city dump, was completed in 190 working days at a cost of ate $2,200,000-one of the largest and speediest jobs of the kind ever ac- complished. About 6,700,000 cubic yards of ashes, rubbish, etc., were dnoved and graded. From 12 towers 80 feet high, floodlights were focussed Iton the area nightly and these consumed $80,000 worth of electric current. ncefunk trucks, as many as 40 in one day, haunted the cuts; and many thou- talsands of tons of metal in the form of range boilers, bathtubs and bedsteads urewere salvaged. Hundreds of children organized themselves into salvage degangs: one band taking copper only, another brass, a third lead. One boy
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498
THE WORLD'S FAIR
found a crusty, battered wallet containing $1,000 in bills-the old-fashi ioned large kind. A tin can also contained money, estimates of the amour. varying from $20 to $700. Many fires, decades old, were uncovered. Onb singularly wrathful blaze was due to pent-up gases formed by decomposing tion.
It is planned to convert about 800 cubic yards of excavated meadow ma into a rich topsoil by a process that will effect a saving of $500,000. Ther salty, fibrous, highly acid mat will be plowed, harrowed, turned time an I again, windrowed with lime for five or six weeks, composted with hors manure for another spell, and inoculated with phosphates and nitrogen until it has an organic content as high as 40 percent. Six percent is th State's standard for acceptable topsoil.
This rich soil is necessary, for the fair's $1,500,000 landscaping pro gram calls for 250 acres of grass sod, 250,000 shrubs, 250,000 pansie and 500,000 tulips. Shade must be provided for some of the fair's 50,00 benches. Ten thousand trees, costing $218,000, will be transplanted brought from points as far away as the State of Washington. Some Ca these will be 65 years old, 55 feet high, 25 tons in weight. Scouts at searching the country for specimens that meet the stringent specifications
Storm and sanitary sewers costing $6,000,000 are under construction These will provide drainage for the fair and 3,000 acres surrounding i The city dump on Riker's Island will be spruced up, the mounds levele off and screened with shrubs and trees. The Tallman's Island Dispos? Plant, a $4,000,000 project, will rid Flushing Bay of its pollution. Mor millions will be spent on other collateral improvements such as bridge and highways.
Six main highways lead from Manhattan to the fair site, which is nin miles from Times Square. Northern Boulevard, Queens Boulevard, Horac Harding Boulevard and Roosevelt Avenue may be followed from Queen! borough Bridge; Astoria Boulevard and Grand Central Parkway Extensio from the Triborough Bridge. Visitors from New England and easter: Canada will be able to follow the Boston Post Road direct to the fair; th city promises completion of an $18,000,000 suspension bridge over th East River between Old Ferry Point, the Bronx, and Whitestone, Queen to be known as the Whitestone Bridge. The Lincoln Tunnel, between We: Thirty-Ninth Street, Manhattan, and Weehawken, New Jersey, one tub of which was opened December 1937, will be fully completed for the fair opening-possibly also the $58,000,000 Queens Midtown Tunnel unde the East River from East Thirty-Eighth Street, Manhattan, to Long Islan
499
PERISPHERE AND TRYLON
fastity. A third vehicular tunnel, crossing midtown Manhattan and connecting houwith both the Lincoln and the Queens tunnel approaches, is projected. O pos nce the system of underground passages is completed, motorists can de- end in New Jersey and come up on Long Island just short of the fair rounds. Ferry service from the west shore of the Hudson is also probable. $700,000 boat basin in Flushing Bay will be constructed, and the Fed- Tical Government has appropriated $505,000 for dredging Flushing Bay hannel and the basin.
A branch of the Long Island Railroad runs along the northern side of e fair grounds; additional trackage and a large overhead terminal are lanned. The IRT-BMT subway lines are a quarter of a mile north of the tilroad; the Willets Point Station of these lines will be enlarged and pr nsi ,00 nte nked by viaduct to the second fair entrance. Running time from central Manhattan will be 14 minutes by rail, 18 by subway, and 25 by motor. A emporary spur of the city subway will be constructed at a cost of $1,700,- oo, with a terminal on the shore of Meadow Lake. The IRT and BMT e dubways will have an hourly capacity of 40,000, the Independent subway ar 0,000, Long Island Railroad 18,000, street cars 15,000, buses-taxis 28,- on 00, and automobiles 17,000. The capacity of excursion boats and airplanes tion ele as not yet been estimated. The fair is ringed by five airports. The North g Beach Municipal Airport for land and sea planes, a mile from the fair, is eing improved at a cost of $12,000,000. The fair will have 17 miles of osaloadways, and parking space for 35,000 cars. Overpass, passerelles, and forfenter lanes fenced and landscaped will keep pedestrians clear of through dgemotor traffic.
Thirty-four million dollars spent by New York City, New York State nin nd the Federal Government provide the firmest official backing ever guar- rad nteed to a world's fair. The Fair Corporation has issued $27,829,500 in ens our percent debentures to finance development until the beginning of the sion air's earning period. About $50,000,000 will be received from exhibitors erfind concessionaires. The corporation is a non-profit organization, and New theYork City is assured the first $2,000,000 in profits toward development of ththe fair grounds as a permanent park. City and State will divide any ensfurther profits, the money to be earmarked for charitable and educational espurposes.
abe It is pretty certain that nearly all States and territories and most of the irforeign governments will participate in the fair. Oregon, after appropriat- deling money for an exhibit, withdrew in a quarrel about its site. Germany andwithdrew because of "financial difficulties." Austria simply disappeared.
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THE WORLD'S FAIR
Manchukuo was not invited, and Spain and China were unable to accep invitations because of the "uncertain conditions" prevailing in their cour tries. The International Bureau of Expositions has recognized New York fair as the official 1939 exposition.
A network of committees and advisory committees marshals more tha 13,000 prominent Americans behind the fair. Grover Whalen was electe president of the corporation on May 5, 1936, about a year after the fai was conceived. A year before the fair's opening, more than 1,000 person were on the full-time staff. It is estimated that 50,000 persons will b directly employed in building and operating the fair, and an additiona 150,000 indirectly.
World fairs do indeed get bigger, but commentators are not wholly i agreement with popular opinion (as expressed in attendance figures) tha they also get better. The Victorian mama of them all, London's Crysta Palace Exposition of 1851, has even been called the best of the lot. Ce: tainly it was a success from every point of view: artistic, scientific, finar cial. Citizens of the world came to marvel-some 6,000,000 of them; an the show made a profit of about a million dollars. But this expositio presented for the first time the great promise of the machine and machine products, not only in its exhibits but in its exposition building-th glorified greenhouse designed by gardener Joseph Paxton.
Most of the recent fairs have not pleased the critics. According to Lewi Mumford, writing in the New Yorker, the trouble with world fairs is the their promoters "lack any rational notion of a fair except the now com pletely tedious and unconvincing belief in the triumph of modern industry The less said about that today, the better. The peace confidently promise in 1851 is now sour with war, and the plenty that industry seemed abor to achieve now intermittently carries with it a threat of starvation. Lackin any effective dramatization or rational purpose, most modern fairs ar threatened at an early stage with bankruptcy."
The New York fair, secure in its broad official backing, is very we) off financially; it may also break the pattern which has often hithert evolved into a demonstration that the march of progress is a dance. Whethe it does or not, one thing is certain: the City of New York itself will be th smash hit of its own exposition. No vista at the fair will equal the fantasti splendor of the view from a returning Staten Island ferry, and none of it spectacles is likely to match Times Square. The Empire State Building wi. be something to write home about as the big brother of the trylon.
Index
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Index
bbey, Henry, 235 bbey Theater, 274 bbott, Berenice, 17 bbott, George, 278 bolitionism, 135, 136 cademy of Fine Arts, 54 cademy of Music, 95, 234, 235, 241 ctors' Equity Association, 281, 391, 392 damic, Louis, 113
dams, Franklin P., 178, 304 dams, Henry, 168 dams, J. Donald, 177
dams, James Truslow, 300 dams, John, 207 dams, Maude, 268
dams, Samuel Hopkins, 307
dams, Thomas, 6, 13, 400, 402, 415 dler, Felix, 480 dler, Luther, 279 dler, Stella, 279
dolescents' Court, 463
dult Education, 481-483
dult Education, Institute for, 482
dult Education, Washington Square Cen- ter of, 482 dult Education Council, 482 dult Education Project, 482
dvisory Board of Industrial Education, 475
Advisory Planning Board, 450 dy Endre Society, 111 ffiliated Grand Rights Association, 238 fro-American Realty Company, 138 iken, Conrad, 173, 175 Airports, 8, 366-367 ildermen, Board of, 446 ildington, Richard, 173 ilgonquin Hotel, 178 ilgonquin Indians, 35
illen, Henry, Jr., 258, 262 Allen, James Lane, 168 Alley Pond, 30 Alms House Department, 441 Alsberg, Henry G., 272 Alsop, John, 50 Alston, Charles, 143 Amalgamated Bank, 391 Amalgamated Housing Corporation, 433 Amateis, Edmund, 490 Ambrose Channel, 21
American Academy of Art, 184, 185, 189, 195
American Academy of Fine Arts, 55
American Anti-Slavery Society, 136
American Artists, Society of, 195 American Dock Terminal, 333
American Guide Series, 179
American Guild of Musical Artists, 238
American Guild of Organists, 238
American-Hellenic Educational Progressive Association, 108
American Labor Party, 380, 396, 437, 446
American Legion Auxiliary, 300
American Medical Association, 98
American Music Alliance, 238
American Party, 89
American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers, 238, 253
American Telephone and Telegraph Com- pany, 296
Amersfoort (Flatlands), 68
Ames, Winthrop, 271
Amman, O. H., 17, 214
Amstutz, N. S., 302
Anchorage Channel, see Main Channel
Anderson, Garland, 143
Anderson, Hallie, 247
Anderson, Margaret, 173
Anderson, Marian, 144
Anderson, Maxwell, 277
Anderson, Sherwood, 162, 169, 175, 272
Andres, Charles M., 88
Andreyev, Leonid, 274
Andros, Sir Edmund, 45, 46
Annexation Bill, 67 Anshutz, Thomas, 196
Anthony, Susan B., 387
Anti-Slavery Society, 135
Apollo Association, 185
Apollo Society, 233
Appia, Adolph, 282
Aqueduct Race Track, 324
Aqueducts, 27
Archipenko, Alexander, 199
Architecture in New York, 202-230; Eng- lish influence on, 104 Argall, Samuel, 37
Arlen, Harold, 263, 264
Arlen, Michael, 175 Armenians in New York, 91, 116, 117, 118
503
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504 INDEX
Arms, John Taylor, 197 Armstrong, Henry, 314
Armstrong, Louis, 160, 254, 262, 265
Army Base in Brooklyn, 330 Art and Artists in New York, 181-201
Art, see American Academy of
Art Union, 185 Artef, 279 Arthur Kill, 24, 326 Artists Congress, 201
Ashkenazim, 130
Assembly, first provincial, 44
Assembly, State, 440
Assessments, Collector of, 441
Associated Press, 300, 310
Association Agreement, 50
Association of American Painters and Sculp- tors, 198
Association for Improvement of the Poor, 431
Association for the Relief of Respectable, Aged, Indigent Females, 454
Astor, John Jacob, 98
Astor, Vincent, 436
Astor Hotel, 480
Astor Place Opera House, 234, 267
Astor Theatre, 289
Astoria, 24
Athletic Commission, State, 317
Audubon, John James, 187
Austrians in New York, 87
Authors' League, 177
Automobile Racing, 322
Avukah (Zionist organization), 130
Baer, Arthur "Bugs," 155
Bailey, Buster, 261
Bailey, Mildred, 262
Baker, Josephine, 144
Baker, Ray Stannard, 307
Bakunin, Michael, 388
Balkan Slavs in New York, 112-114
Baltimore & Ohio Railroad, 334
Bank of Manhattan Company, 439
Bank of New York, 53
Barber, Philip, 279
Barber, Samuel, 238
Barbizon school of painting, 193
Barge Canal, State, 337
Barge Canal Terminal, 332
Barnard, George Gray, 195
Barnard College, 72
Barnes, Djuna, 272 Barnes, Pike, 137
Barnham, Henry W., 143
Barnum, Phineas T., 313
Barrett, James W., 304
Barry, Philip, 4, 278
Barrymore family, 268, 282
Barsimon, Jacob, 126
Barthe, Richmond, 143 Bartow, 67
Baruch, Bernard. 252 Barzin, Leon, 237
Basie, Count, 260, 262
Bassett, Edward M., 6, 415
Basshe, Em Jo, 176, 274
Bath Beach, 24
Battery, 22, 25
Battery Park, 24
Baudelaire, Charles, 194
Baxter, George, 40
Baxter Street, 26
Bayard Mansion, 54
Baychester, 67
Bayes, Nora, 250
Bayne, Stephen F., 474
Bayonne Bridge, 344, 360, 362, 408
Bay Ridge, 24
Beach Pneumatic Transit Co., 349
Beardon, Romare, 143
Beaver Canal, 26
Beaver Street, 26
Bechet, Sidney, 265
Becton, Sister Josephine, 141
Bedloe Island, 22
Beebe, Lucius, 155
Beebe, William, 20
Beecher, Henry Ward, 105, 223
Beethoven Society, 237
Behrendt, Walter Curt, 11, 398
Beiderbecke, Leon "Bix," 256, 257, 22 264 Bein, Albert, 176, 275
Belasco, David, 270, 282
Bel Geddes, Norman, 14
Belgians in New York, 87
Bell Telephone Laboratories, 302
Bellamy, Ralph, 196
Bellevue City Hospital, 454
Bellomont, Earl of, 46
Bellows, George, 172, 197
Belmont-McDonald Syndicate, 350
Belmont Race Track, 324
Benchley, Robert, 178
Bennett, A., 68
Bennett, James Gordon, 305, 306
Bennett, James Gordon, Jr., 305, 306
Bennett, Robert Russell, 234, 238
Ben Shmuel, Ahron, 199
Benton, Thomas, 200
Bentyn, Jacques, 68
Bercovici, Konrad, 82, 83, 110
Berle, A. A., Jr., 355
Berlin, Irving, 251, 257, 264
Bernhardt, Sarah, 268
Berrigan, Bunny, 262
Berry, George L., 392
Biddle, George, 197
Bierstadt, Albert, 186
Biferi, Nicholas, 95
Biggs, Herman, 454
Billiou, Peter, 69
Billopp, Christopher, 207
Billopp House, 207
Bimstein, Whitey, 157
Birney, James, 136
Bishop, Andrew, 146
Black Ball Packet Line, 4
Black Yankees, 316
Blackbeard (pirate), 25
Blackford, Gilbert, 105
INDEX 505
lackwell's Island, see Welfare Island laine, James G., 389 lake, Eubie, 260 lakelock, Ralph Albert, 193
land, James, 246, 247 ledsoe, Jules, 144, 273 lind, Care of the, 466, 467 litzstein, Marc, 264 lizzard of 1888, 31 loch, Lucienne, 201 lock, Adriaen, 37 loom, Rube, 258 lues, see Music, popular lume, Peter, 200 Das, Franz, 126
odhananda, Swami, 120 ogan, Louise, 18 ogardus, James, 211 bohemian National Hall, 112 onano, Sharkey, 255 onnet, Leon, 191 ontemps, Anna, 142 bok of the Month Club, 178 both, Edwin, 268 both, Junius Brutus, 266
29 orough Government, 451 oston, 14, 50, 163 oston Post Road, 9, 48 oucicault, Dion, 103, 268 ourne, Randolph, 18, 173, 174, 175 owery, 206, 430 owery Theatre, 267, 276 owes, Major, Amateur Hour, 297 owling Green, 25 owman, Louis, 146
oxing, Amateur, 317 oyd, Ernest, 175 radford, William, 43, 98, 304 randt, Marianne, 235 read and Cheese Club, 165, 178 revoort Hotel, 224
6 reweries in New York, 376 rewing industry, 99 rickell, Herschel, 177 ridge architecture, 213-215 ridges, 213-215, 360-362; Bayonne, 344, 360, 362, 408; Brooklyn, 213, 214, 360, 361; George Washington, 214, 344, 360, 361, 365, 407, 408, 417; Goethals, 344, 360, 362, 408, 417; Hell Gate, 360, 362; Henry Hudson, 214, 420; High, 214, 361; Man- hattan, 214, 360, 361, 418; Marine Parkway, 421; Old Ferry Point-White- stone, 417, 420; Outerbridge Crossing, 344, 360, 362, 408; Queensboro, 214, 360, 361; Triborough, 22, 77, 214-215, 360, 361, 418, 420; Wash- ington (Harlem), 214; Williams-
burg, 214, 360, 361 Bridges, William, 403 Brighton Beach, 321, 333 rindell, Robert P., 390 Brisbane, Albert, 379, 385 Bristow, George F., 236 British Apprentices' Club, 105
British Club of New York, 106 British Empire Building, 106
British Empire Chamber of Commerce, 106
British Great War Veterans of America, 105 British Luncheon Club, 106
British population of New York, 104
Britt Cottage, 206
Britt, Horace, 237
Broad Street, 26
Broadway, 25, 26, 29, 58
Broadway Arena, 317
Bronck, Jonas, 67
Bronx, 23, 28, 29, 68
Bronx Kills, 23
Bronx Reference Center, 476
Bronx River, 29, 406
Bronxdale, 67
Brook, Alexander, 197, 200
Brooklyn, basal rock of, 24; wells on, 27; raised land on, 30; settlement of 68; ship terminals on, 334
Brooklyn City Railroad, 347
Brooklyn Eastern District Terminal, 332
Brooklyn Heights, 30
Brooklyn Heights, Battle of, 51
Brooklyn-Manhattan Transit Corporation, 350, 354
Brooklyn Public Library, 476
Brooklyn Rapid Transit Co., 350, 353, 354
Brooks, Van Wyck, 14, 18, 173
Broun, Heywood, 298, 304, 306, 310, 447
Brown, Charles Brockden, 164
Brown, John, 276 Brown, L. G., 89
Brown, Lew, 251 Brown, Sonia, 199
Brown, Steve, 259
Browne, Francis F., 174
Browne, Henry Kirk, 194
Brownstone front houses, 226, 227
Brownsville, 132 Brunies, George, 262 Bryan, Vincent, 250
Bryan, William Jennings, 250, 389
Bryant, Louise, 272
Bryant, William Cullen, 96, 165, 308
Bryant Park, 63
Bryce, James, 443
Bryson, Lyman, 482
Buck, Gene, 251 Buddhist temple, 119
Building Districts and Regulations, Com- mission on, 409 Building Trades Employers' Association, 390 Building Zone Resolution, New York City, 409
Buildings, Commission on Heights of, 409 Bulgarians in New York, 113 Bunker's Hill, 25 Burgess, Neil, 248 Burke, Fielding, 176
Burke, Kenneth, 175 Burnham, Daniel H., 6, 410, 412 Burns, Robert, 105
506 INDEX
Burr, Aaron, 26, 54, 105, 439 Bus transportation, 358, 365 Bush, Anita, 146 Bush Terminal, 333 Butler, Stein and Kohn, architects, 223 Buttermilk Channel, 22, 332
Byrne, Dr. John, 103
Cable, George W., 168 Cadman, Charles Wakefield, 240
Café de L'Opera, 252
Café des Beaux Arts, 252
Café Royal, 178
Cagney, James, 284 Cahill, Holger, 189
Calder, Alexander, 199
Caledonia Club, 106
Caliente (night club), 155
Calloway, Cab, 145
Cameron, A. C., 387
Camp La Guardia, 466
Campanella, Thomas, 6, 11
Campbell E. Sims, 143
Canal Street, 25, 27
Canby, Henry Seidel, 177
Cantwell, Robert, 176
Cape Cod Canal, 327
Capito, Mathys, 93 Capitol Theater, 289 Caplin, Hymie, 155
Carmichael, Hoagy, 256, 257
Carnegie, Andrew, 72, 105
Carnegie Hall, 72, 237
Carpenter, Niles, 91
Carr, Benjamin, 232
Carroll, Earl, 277 Carstensen, Claes, 115
Carter, Elmer A., 149
Carter, Eunice Hunton, 148
Carty, John Joseph, 103
Caruso, Enrico, 95, 235, 237, 295
Cary, Annie Louise, 234
Casa Italiana, 96 Casa del Popolo, 96 Casals, Pablo, 237 Cash, Harold, 199
Casino Roof Garden, 137
Cassatt, Mary, 194, 197
Castle, Irene, 252
Castle Garden, 59
Cathedral Plateau, 27
Cather, Willa, 169 Catherine Slip Market, 33, 146
Catholic Benevolent Society, 61
Catholic Publication Society, 99 Catskill watershed, 27
Celtic Society, 106
Census, U. S., 85, 86, 91, 106
Central Park, exposures of schist in, 24, 28, 60
Central Park Commission, 60, 406 Centro Asturiano, 123
Century Opera House, 235 "Chain" journalism, 310
Chamber of Commerce, 52, 81, 105 Chamberlain, John, 177
Chaplin, Charles, 242, 287 Chaplin, Ralph, 263 Charity Organization Society, 455 Charter Revision Commission, 446 Charters, provincial, 44, 45; city, 70, 44 469
Chase, William M., 194
Chatham, 250 Chekhov, Anton, 274
Chelsea, 132
Chelsea Hotel, 224
Chemical industry, 376
Cheney, Howard L., 489
Cheney, Sheldon, 14
Child-caring homes, 460
Child Guidance Clinics, 460
Child Labor Amendment, 396
Child Welfare, Department of, 460
Children's Court, 462
Childs, Marquis W., 400
"Chinatown," 119
Chinese Consolidated Benevolent Societ 119
Chinese in New York, 84, 118, 120
Chinese, Masonic Lodge of, 119
Chinese Workers' Club, 119
Christiaensen, Hendrick, 37 fast
Chrysler Building, 215
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