USA > New York > Erie County > Our County and Its People: A Descriptive Work on Erie County, New York (Volume 1) > Part 51
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1,144,838
647.484;
1,642.382
1880
1,056,346 39,611,132 62,916,584
1,672,961
310,108
642,586
1881
761.744 17,764,065 33,004,144|
3.350.070
243,097
22.222
18.82
1.395,315 26,404,535 20,738.355
1,667,437
574,011
637,503
1883
1,772,309 23,948,452 33,915,262'
3,275,695
473,618 2,651,201
1884
1,823, 143 33,671.756 16,651,163
3,113,781
437.937 2,376,186
18×5.
2,223,602 27,226,275 20,245,770|
690,099
569,017
237,904
1886
4,390,210 40,921,205 25,494,838
864,356
755.184
151,025
1887
3,777,187; 48,077,512 39.656,220
6.610,889
1,393,855
290,359
1888
5,383.196, 28,528, 131 35,960,245
7,913,689
338,945
684,019
1889
5,508,970 26.437,716 46,679,875
14,274,689
1,477,852!
1,872.468
1890
6.214 982 24,874, 147 44,097,522
13,852,924
5,355,656 1,256,689
1891
7,260,092 75,584, 443: 29,539,901
12,450,514
4.499,928 5,831,367
1892
9,476, 122
78,240,791 32,377,878
16,479,253
4,600,963.
1,316,536
1893
10,662,046 68,355,358' 41,532,839;
20.876,984
5,818,287;
621,533
1894
11,168.564 49,225,387 27.187,875
15,370,380
8.536,010|
475,494
1895
9,279,852; 46.808, 753 36,819, 879: 21.651.869 10,558,805
874,606
1896
10.396,731 54, 158, 729, 47,537, 228| 39, 925.933 16,891,168| 4,440,951
Statement showing the aggregate receipts of grain and the total receipts of flour reduced to its equivalent in wheat at Buffalo for the past 61 years:
YEAR.
Grain, bush.
Grain, in- cluding flour, bushels.
YEAR.
Grain, bush.
Grain, in- cluding flour, bushels.
1836
543,461
1,239,351: 1845
1,848,040
5,581,700
1837
550,660
1,184,685
1846
6,493,522
13,386,167
1838
947,751
2.362,851
1847
9,868,187
19,153,187
1839
1,117.062
2,579,387| 1848
7,396,912
14,641,012
1840
1,075,988
4,061,598 1849
8,628,013
14,665, 183
1841
1,852.325
5,592,525 1850
6,618,003
12,059,556
1842
2,015,928
5,687,463|
1851
11,078,741
17,740,781
1843
2,015.025
6,642,610 1852
13,392,937
20,390,504
1844
2,365,568
6,910,718 1853.
11,078,741
15,956,526
1,798,596
918,458
1868
1,524,818 12,647.784 16,889,555
6,210,980
1,777,472 1,071,918
1872
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OUR COUNTY AND ITS PEOPLE.
YEAR.
Grain, bush.
Grain, in- cluding flour, bushels.
YEAR.
Grain, bush.
Grain, in- cluding flour, bushels.
1854
18,553,455
22,252,235
1876
44,207,121
48,184,036
1855
19,788,473
24,472,278
1877
61,822,282
65,147,407
1856.
20,123,667
25,763,907
1878
74,105,455
84,540,863
1857
15,348,930
10,578,690
1879
74,105,455
78,547.578
1858
20,202,244
26,812,890
1880
105,184,136
110,465,866
1859
14,429,069
21,530,622
1881
54,288,351
58,088,071
1860
31,441,440
37,053,115
1882
50,321,841
57,298,316
1861
50,682,646
61,640,601
1883
64,264,483
73,126,028
1862.
58,642,314
72,872,454
1884
55,750,823
64,866,538
1863
49,845.062
64,735,520
1885
48,969,065
64,012,955
1864
41,014,096
51,177,146
1886
68,186,608
89,127,658
1865
42,473,228
51,415,183
1887
84,029,040
102,914,755
1866.
51,830,342
58,388,087
1888
73,925,029
100,841,000
1867
43,079,079
50,168,064
1889
90,742,600
118,287,450
1868
42,573,125
50,197,215
1890
89,436,958
118,958,102
1869
37,456,131
45,489,276
1891
127,906,153|
162,391,590
1870
38,208,039
45,477,094
1892
133,015,421
179,309,500
1871
61,319,313
67,259,158
1893
137,205,001
190,515,231
1872
58,703,606
62,550,566
1894
102,004,514
157,847,334
1873
65,489,955
70,962,520
1895
116,714,001
163,111,061
1874
55,665,198
62,525,153 1896
162,945,009 214 957,553
1875
52,883,451
57,935,661|
Total vessels arrived and cleared; tonnage. Totals for 39 years:
YEAR.
No. Vessels.
Tonnage.
YEAR.
No. Vessels.
Tonnage.
1856
8,126
3,018,580
1877
6,848
3,543,363
1857
7,581
3,226,803
1878.
8,743
4,663,688
1858
8,838
3,320.426
1879
8,436
4,442,797
1859
10,521
5,902,626
1880
10,308
5,935,746
1860
11,517
4,710,175
1881
6,745
5,535,223
1861
13,866
5,963,866
1882
7,333
4,405,003
1862
16,890
6,089,194
1883
7,674
4,405,543
1863
15,376
6,757,904
1884
7,539
4,386,575
1864
14,205
6,891,348
1885.
6,928
5,096,710
1865
13,746
5,032,593
1886
7,772
4,753,467
1866
13,782
6,951,950
1887.
9,950
5.302,659
1867
12,826
5,806,960
1888
8,647
6,026,814
1868
11,812
4,256,330
1889
9,018
6,900,798
1869
10,221
4,007,196
1890
9,762
6,566,415
1870
10,625
4,157,793
1891
10,866
8,928.763
1871
10,894
4,862,644
1892
11,479
9,560,942
1872.
10,393
4,688,058
1893
10,053
9,494,599
1873
9,959
4,886,763
1894
9,664
8,789,902
1874
7,477
3,641,049
1895
10,005
9,562,414
1875
6,277
3,259,839
1896
11,332
11,304,607
1876
4,624
2,757,986
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FROM 1870 TO 1897.
Aggregate shipments of grain and flour via Erie canal for the years noted :
YEAR.
Grain, bu.
Flour, bbls.
Year.
Grain, bu.
Flour, bbls.
1862
52,376,500
428,268
1880
71,699,265
19,710
1863
45.236,283
486,856
1881
30,758,912
1864
38,078,575
146,745
1882
29,439,688
6,913
1865
37,428,889
440,867
1883.
42,352,225
4,349
1866
33,750,090
1884
37,846,067
4,849
1867
26,387,161
16,560
1885
31,467,768
2,692
1868.
36,458, 150!
5,638
1886
45,017,163
4,518
1869.
28,361,361
51,446
1887
48,972,550
3,096
1870
28.966,780
74,384|
1888
38,070,930
4.945
1871.
47.954,240
45,068
1889
41,742,000
8,454
1872.
48,246,960
5,142
1890
38,218,960
1,805
1873.
50,930,447
13,570
1891
34,491,140
9,020
1874.
40,986,834
49,182
1892
31,531,490
29,565
1875.
35,318.120
54,251 1893.
48.042,715
3,927
1876
27 558,744
2,137 1894.
48.428,251
3,028
1877
48,425.968
4,160 ,1895.
20,327,971
700
1878.
59,514.779
2,421 1896
35.773,808
64,550
1879
53,822,546
4,652||
Comparative statement showing the shipment of a few leading arti- cles from Buffalo by lake for twenty-two years:
YEAR.
Coal, tons. Cement, bbl.
Salt, bbl.
Sugar, bbl.
1875
541,812
165,426
355,410
1876
356,970
156,410
261,641
1877
439,399
114,402
352,038
1878
325,676
85,093
243,343
1879
513,580
114,802
158,647
1880
246,050
156.733
234,826
1881
841,312
164,521
112,812
1882
964,326
184,327
96,053
1883
1,177,074
214,724
11,422
1884
1,350,980
195,640
64,540
1885.
1,446,547
269,271
137,032
1886
1,473,924
368,914
191,890
1887
1,819,337
426,047
77,246
1888
2,421,874
371,217
130,416
1889
2,150,657
528,475
281,249
1890
2,079,702
619,597
173,564
1891
2,365,895
583,956
164,844
1892
2,852,330
635,261
144,589
1893
2.703,673
500,968
203,506
613,144
1894
2,485,255
510,096
698,964
1,014,778
1895
2,620,768
582,618
669,078
1,097,164
1896
2.400,148|
670,513
621,287
1,205,081
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OUR COUNTY AND ITS PEOPLE.
The following table gives the population of Buffalo by the census of the State and the United States from 1810 to the present time:
Census.
Year.
Pop.
Census.
Year.
Pop.
United States
1810
1,508
State.
1855
75,214
State
1814
1,060
United States
.1860
81,126
United States
1820
2,095
State.
1865
94,210
State
1825
5,141
United States
1870
117,714
United States
1830
8,623
State
1875
134,557
State
1835
15,661
United States
1880
155,134
United States
1840
18,213
United States
1890
255,664
State.
1845
29,773
State
1892
278.737
United States
1850
42,262
Police
1895
335,704
The City Directory of 1897 contains 112,000 names; with multiple of three and one-half, which is the usual factor, the population would reach 392,000. At the close of the year 1897 the number is nearly 400,000.
The following table gives the population of Erie county in the years named according to the census returns:
Year.
Pop.
Year.
Pop.
1825
2,412
1860
81,129
1830
8,668
1870
117,714
1835
15,661
1880
155,134
1840
18,213
1885
202,803
1845
29,773
1890
255,664
1850
42,261
The preceding pages of this chapter tell the story of the greatness of Buffalo in all material respects and foreshadow a future of the bright- est promise. Nothing seems wanting to substantiate the often reite- rated claim of the city to commercial and manufacturing importance. Proofs of this have been published broadcast in recent years, until there has been danger at times of trespassing upon the well-trodden ground of unwarranted boasting. Our eyes and ears have been assailed with emphatic statements through the trumpet voice of the press and other- wise, that the Queen City must be acknowledged " sovereign of the in- land seas by right of location and commercial supremacy; " that " Buf- falo is the fourth commercial city of the world;" that it is "the health- iest city in the world; " that it "is the best paved city in the world;" and that the introduction of Niagara Falls electric power at low cost to consumers is soon to make it the leading manufacturing center of the
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FROM 1870 TO 1897.
country. Enough has been written in these pages to convince the reader of the falsity or truth of these claims. They are true in the main and, therefore, let us here insist upon their acceptance as facts before considering certain other aspects of the history of Buffalo and its standing among the greater cities of the country.
Is the Queen City among the foremost with respect to the average intelligence of the community as a whole? Is the city at large con- spicuous as a literary and art center? Are her religious and educational institutions liberally and efficiently supported ? Are her charities gen- erously and wisely administered? Are the working masses of the great community reasonably prosperous and contented?
A part of these pertinent inquiries must assuredly be answered in the affirmative; while those to which a negative reply would seem neces- sary are surrounded by ameliorating circumstances and changing con- ditions that give us ample encouragement for the near future. The organization of charitable institutions and the dispensation of aid to the unfortunate, for example, did not, until comparatively recent years, exist upon the high and comprehensive plane described in Chapter XXXIII. Such a system could only be of slow growth to meet new conditions, and that the requirements in this direction have been so effectually fulfilled is thoroughly creditable to the city. This represents only one of the many and varied influences under which the community is unceasingly moulded and advanced along the paths of high aspiration for improvement in the conditions of the social organism. Efforts will, of course, be most marked and of highest efficiency in a community where the average intelligence is high, where the ambition of the people as a whole rises above mere material affairs and inspires them to labor for better social conditions. These statements may ap- pear so self-evident as to be a waste of words to repeat them; but they are frequently lost to sight in the great strife and struggle of building a city the fame of which for prosperity and wealth is world-wide.
The population of Buffalo and Erie county towns comprises various nationalities, giving it a cosmopolitan character not found in many other counties. People of foreign nations have found homes here in such numbers that they distinctly leaven the whole community and materially affect its average character in all directions. Moreover, like all lakeports and active industrial centers, Buffalo has attracted classes of persons who, in the main, are worthy and useful, and yet whose presence tends inevitably to lower the general intellectual stand-
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OUR COUNTY AND ITS PEOPLE.
ard and the social tone of the community. As far as existing conditions are concerned it can, happily, be truthfully said that all classes of workers in the county of Erie are reasonably prosperous and happy, and it is a cause for still further congratulation that, aside from the beneficent influences of religious and educational institutions, the pres- ent favorable conditions among the masses are largely due to themselves; they have grown wiser and calmer in judgment and action in recent years in all important matters affecting their own interests. It is not many years ago that in Buffalo there were a score or more of warring trades unions, over which two or three larger federations exer- cised uncertain authority. Effective concentration upon any definite purpose was impossible; important measures for their own improve- ment failed for want of unanimity; strikes took place and general progress seemed to be for the moment obstructed. Three years ago all the divided interests were amalgamated in the United Trades and Labor Council, in which almost every industry in the city is now repre- sented by a union or other trade association, creating a membership of more than 26,000 men. This great body of workers is led by men of integrity and more than average intelligence; their deliberations are conducted with dignity and their action is usually characterized by discretion and good judgment. They are a power for good in the community.
It is a fact that is clearly demonstrated in Chapter XXX that prior to about the middle of the present century the schools of Buffalo, as well as of other parts of Erie county, were not what they should have been at that period; the cause of education had suffered from apathy and neglect on the part of the people. Whether this was caused chiefly by the eager absorption of the leading spirits of the community in the struggle to selfishly advance their own and the material interests of the growing commercial center, or other causes, it is now difficult to determine; but the consequences, however, of such conditions were far reaching. The striking contrast between that period and the present one in this respect affords a subject for gratifying contemplation by all workers for the public good. These statements apply with equal force to early religious development. From the standpoint of the pres- ent day, the great advance in enlightenment and good citizenship could not be more forcibly demonstrated than by the stupendous changes that have been effected in recent years in these important fields of human progress.
1
1
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FROM 1870 TO 1897.
The leaven of intellectual and humanitarian effort in every large com- munity works unceasingly, perhaps slowly, but like the gradually swelling root of a tree which slowly but surely lifts a giant rock from its bed, spreads its beneficent influence through numberless channels to cottage and palace, inspiring thoughtful men and women to strive for higher ideals. Buffalo is not and never has been conspicuous as a lit- erary or art center. While there is, of course, a large class of men and women in the community who are possessed of high literary attain- ments and cultivated literary and artistic tastes, the standard of the city at large in this respect is not the highest. The fact may be, and no doubt is, in part attributable to the varied foreign elements in our pop- ulation, while contributing causes may have been the absence of great colleges or universities, and the extraordinary demands made upon pub- lic spirit by the rapid strides of the city in all departments of business life. It is true, however, that there are clear indications of welcome changes in this respect through both the action of constituted public authorities and the work of various organizations. The recent measures for the establishment of a great free library, the higher intellectual en- dowment assured by marked improvement in educational facilities, and the influences of social, literary, scientific, musical, art and other clubs and societies, all contribute to these favorable changes. Among these beneficent institutions may be mentioned the Historical Society, the several branches of the Society of Natural Sciences, the Women's Edu- cational and Industrial Union (which is described in the concluding chapter), the Audubon Club (organized in 1866), the Liberal Club, Independent Club, the Twentieth Century Club, the Orpheus, Sanger. bund and Liedertafal Singing Clubs, the Y. M. C. A., all of which have been potent influences for good. The Liberal Club was organ- ized October 29, 1891, its object being "the consideration at monthly dinners of subjects having to do with religion, morals, education, and public affairs." The dinners are given from November to April in each year, and on each occasion, as a rule, some distinguished man from abroad addresses the club. These addresses and other papers by members of the club are printed annually. The club has a member- ship of 250 and its influence is widespread and salutary.
·
The Independent Club, though similar in organization and object, is more democratic, and is made up of younger men. It was formed early in the winter of 1895-96, with Andrew J. Robertson as president, and now has 135 members. Its object is " the discussion of topics bearing
57
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OUR COUNTY AND ITS PEOPLE.
upon the social, ethical, or public life of the day, seeking thereby only the truth irrespective of creed, nationality, or partisanship." At its monthly dinners, which are given from November to March, an address is made by some man of national authority, who is followed by eminent local speakers. The Twentieth Century Club, composed entirely of women, owns a large, handsome club house at 597 Delaware avenue, near Allen street. Many of the so-called social clubs exert more or less influence upon the higher tastes of their members.
In the field of art there is also considerable cause for congratulation. Buffalo is the home of a large circle of enthusiastic artists, whose ambi- tion is stimulated and their efforts rendered more successful through the medium of membership in the Fine Arts Academy, the Art Stu- dents' League, and the Buffalo Society of Artists. In the divine art of music there is a still more notable representation of players and singers of ability and renown. The numerous musical organizations, prom- inent among which are the Buffalo Vocal Society, the Mendelssohn Club, the German Singing Society, the Buffalo Musical Association, the Orpheus, Sangerbund, Liedertafel and other German musical societies, are successfully conducted and aid in stimulating ambition to study the art that permeates every part of the community.
Free Masonry and Odd Fellowship are both largely represented in this county.' While their purposes are not of a distinctively intellec- tual character, it is quite safe to assume that a vast majority of their active members derive therefrom a mental and moral stimulus which
1 The Masonic order in Buffalo comprises eleven lodges with 3,424 members; four Royal Arch Chapters with 1,054 members; two Royal and Select Councils with 327 members; two Commanderies with 501 members; one Lodge of Perfection, Scottish Rite, with 425 members; one Scottish Rite Council with 405 members; one Rose Croix Chapter with 392 members; one Consistory with 324 members; one Eastern Star Chapter with 169 members; one Temple of the Mystic Shrine with 860 members; one Grotto of the Veiled Prophets with 200 members. Besides these there are lodges in Tonawanda, Colden, Evans, Springville, Akron, Orchard Park, Alden, Hamburg, East Aurora, North Collins and Depew, with total membership of 928. The Masonic Temple, on Niagara street, Buffalo, was erected in 1890-91 at a cost of $165,000. It is an eight-story brick and stone structure, and was dedicated in January, 1892.
Succeeding the organization of the first Lodge of Odd Fellows in Buffalo in 1839, the follow- ing have been organized: Buffalo Lodge No. 37, May 6, 1840; Mount Vernon Encampment No. x, July 6, 1841; Walhalla Lodge No. 91, November 17, 1846; and Odin Lodge No. 178, March 7, 1849. Besides these there are lodges in Collins Center. Akron, Angola, Clarence, Depew, East Aurora, Hamburg, Holland, Lancaster, Spring Brook, Springville, Tonawanda and Williamsville. Down to 1880 there were only about 1,700 members of this order in Buffalo, and in the county there were twenty-three subordinate lodges, two Rebekah lodges, two Cantons and two Encampments. Since then the order has steadily increased until there are in the county forty-eight subordinate lodges with a total membership of between 12,000 and 15,000. The National Odd Fellow is a weekly newspaper devoted to the order, which was started in February, 180, by John C. V. Kraft.
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451
FROM 1870 TO 1897.
leads them to seek higher and better ways of living and advance them in the scale of enlightened citizenship.
A brief review of these aspects of progress in Buffalo may be closed with a reference to the increased attention given in recent years to to what is understood by the broad term of athletics. The people of Erie county, in common with all Americans, have been learning valu- able lessons in this regard and within the past decade or two there has been a wonderful development of popularity in every department of athletic sport. Active brain-workers everywhere have discovored that to devote a share of their time to out-door and in-door athletics is from every point of view a good investment. In this field, also, the Germans are conspicuous. Organizations almost without number have been created for the promotion of recreation, exercise and sport, and contribute in no small degree to elevate the people as a whole out of the routine of unceasing labor and bring them into closer communion with nature. Buffalo and its vicinity offer a field that is admirably adapted to this end. The waters of lake, harbor and river are well adapted for yachting and canoeing;' the 200 miles of asphalt paving and the level country surrounding the city afford unparalleled oppor- tunity for travel on the people's modern steed, the bicycle, which has come into use to a greater extent than in any other city in the country, and is bringing in its train the so-called horseless carriage which has just made its appearance in the streets. In short there is no depart- ment of modern athletics that is not fully represented by organized bodies or individuals in Buffalo.
Nothing more, it is presumed, need be written to convince the im- partial observer that, whatever may have been the position occupied by our people in years past with respect to the subjects here consid- ered, the religious, educational, literary, artistic and social development in recent times has been most satisfactory, and promise more excellent results for the future.
1 The Buffalo Canoe Club was organized in 1888 and has reached its limit of 100 members; it has a club house at the foot of Hamilton street, and another at Abino Bay, Ontario. The Buffalo Yacht Club was organized in 1800 and incorporated in 1880. The membership is about 226, and its three story club house at the foot of Porter avenue cost about $12,000. Many of the members own private yachts and have taken part in many regattas. The Country Club (a wealthy and aristocratic organization), incorporated in February, 1889, is devoted to the encouragement of athletic exercises by families; it has a club house on a tract of twenty acres of land, with polo grounds, golf links and other facilities for out-door enjoyment. Besides these there are the Caledonian Curling and Quoiting Club, the Island Club, the West End and other rowing clubs, the various athletic organizations of the Germans, all contributing to the increasing popularity of active recreation.
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OUR COUNTY AND ITS PEOPLE
CHAPTER XXVI.
POLITICAL CHANGES AND CIVIL LIST.
Changes in Political Parties-Officers in the National Government: President-Vice- President-Postmaster-General-Secretary of War-Ministers to Foreign Countries- Superintendent of the Government Printing Office-Members of Congress-Generals in the Regular Army. State Officers: Governor-Lieutenant-Governors-Secretary of State-Attorneys-General-Comptrollers-State Treasurers-Canal Commissioners -Inspector of State Prisons-Superintendents of Public Instruction-Regents of the University-Canal Appraisers-Council of Appointment-State Senators-Assembly- men. County Officers: County Treasurers. Politics before and Including 1815- Politics and Elections From 1816 to 1896. Principal Village and City Officials of Buffalo: Village Trustees and Other Officers-Mayors-City Clerks-City Treasurers -Surveyors and Engineers-City Attorneys- Street Commissioners-City Physicians -Comptrollers-Aldermen-Common Council-Boards of Aldermen and Councilmen.
Citizens of Erie county have been honored in the past by election to the highest offices under the National government, and in the higher State offices have been many men from this county who have left most enviable records of public service. In the broad field of National and State politics the county has always occupied a commanding position and many of her citizens have risen to political eminence. Political changes in respect to parties and factions have been less frequent and important in this county, perhaps, than in many other localities. Of the great parties that have been in existence since the county was formed, the Whig and Republican have been dominant the greater part of the time, as indicated further on. .
Following is a list of officers under the National government who re- sided in Erie county :
President of the United States, Grover Cleveland, 1884-87 and 1893- 96, both inclusive.
Vice-President of the United States, Millard Fillmore, from March 4, 1849, to July 9, 1850. The death of General Taylor on the 9th day of July, 1850, placed Mr. Fillmore in the presidential chair; he was then fifty years of age. His administration of the high office was in the main creditable and satisfactory to the people.
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