Our county and its people : a descriptive work on Erie County, New York, Volume I, Part 42

Author: White, Truman C
Publication date: 1898
Publisher: [Boston] : Boston History Co.
Number of Pages: 1014


USA > New York > Erie County > Our county and its people : a descriptive work on Erie County, New York, Volume I > Part 42


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An act of April 21, 1840, authorized the supervisors of Erie county to erect a workhouse " for the safe keeping and employment of vagrants, disorderly persons, and all persons under sentence or conviction, ex- cepting those to be punished by death or imprisonment in State prison, who shall be sentenced to hard labor or solitary imprisonment by the courts of Erie county." This workhouse was erected in 1847, of stone, and situated on Fifth street, corner of Pennsylvania. 1


Between 1845 and 1850 a movement for securing improved highways through agricultural districts was inaugurated and soon attained great magnitude. In 1844 the first plank road in the United States was laid


large cities of the country. It is, of course, true that higher winds prevail in this city than in some localities far removed from large bodies of water; but this is not by any means an unmixed evil, and without doubt contributes to the healthfulness of the place. The accompanying brief table shows clearly the temperature, humidity, and wind measurement in Buffalo during the heated term of 1896, in comparison with several other cities which have long received credit for superior climatic conditions:


Mean of highest temperature.


Mean of mean


temperature.


Mean relative humidity.


Mean daily measurement of wind.


Buffalo,


.79.7


73.


69.


296


Rochester,


.84.6


75.4


72.


161


Erie, .


.81.5


74.6


78.5


210


Cleveland, .84.


75.1


81.


239


Detroit,


.83.8


75.8


78.3


189


Chicago, .85.1


78.1


68.1


328


In point of the heathfulness of Buffalo, it may be stated that in no city in the Union are health regulations more strictly enforced, or the death rate lower. During the six years since 1891 (in- clusive) the death rate has been reduced from 23.48 to 12.72.


1 Various improvements have been made to the original workhouse, now known as the Erie County Penitentiary ; among them are the following : A new male prison, 200 cells, erected of brick in 1866-67 at a cost of $67,560 ; a hospital building, cost about $43 000, built in 1865-66, and a new sewerage system finished in 1867; the old stone prison rebuilt in 1871-72 at a cost of about $20,000 ; an addition to the workshop and the female prison rebuilt in 1873 ; and a new prison with 299 cells erected in 1895.


1


366


OUR COUNTY AND ITS PEOPLE.


in Onondaga county from Salina to Central Square. At that time, more even than at the present, when the same subject is agitating the public, the need of better roadways over which the farmer could more easily transport his products, and the country merchant his goods, was universally admitted. The construction of the first plank road seemed to fully meet the requirements of the public; they were economical in first cost and travel upon them was a luxury when compared with pre- vious conditions. Hundreds of plank road companies were organized and incorporated in all parts of the State within a few years and most of them constructed roads of greater or less length. Erie county at that time was better prepared, perhaps, than almost any other of the the thickly settled localities, to welcome the new highway, for the roads in this vicinity were notoriously bad. The first plank road company incorporated in Erie county was the Buffalo and Lancaster, under date of May 12, 1846; its capital stock was $25,000. The act of incorpora- tion described the road as extending from "the new Buffalo road at the intersection of the Genesee street road, at or near Douglass's tavern in the town of Black Rock, in the county of Erie," a distance of ten miles to Lancaster. The commissioners were Grosvenor Clark, John Cameron, Moses Baker, of Buffalo; Robert Winspear, Elisha P. Adams, and Will- iam Haskell, of Cheektowaga; John Moulton, William R. Conly and Peleg Stranahan, of Lancaster.


The Aurora and Buffalo Plank Road Company was incorporated May 11, 1846, with capital of $50,000 and the following commissioners: Robert Person, Adam Riley, Erastus Wallace, Joseph G. Masten, and Horace Clark.


Other plank roads constructed in this county were the so-called Res- ervation plank road, which was in existence later than 1852, in which year an act was passed by the Legislature providing for its improve- ment ; and the Buffalo and White's Corners plank road.


There was less plank road constructed in Erie county than in many others of even less area, the reason for which may be difficult to de- termine. Indeed, during the whole of the first half of the century, there was less legislation affecting roads, and apparently less effort to improve the highways in this county, than in most others; while at the same time there was more need of such effort here than in many other localities. This has been credited, to a great extent, to a lack of en- terprise and progressiveness in some of the rural districts. In any event, while the plank roads admirably served their purpose for a time,



00000000


RT. REV. JOHN TIMON, D.D.


367


FROM 1840 TO THE CIVIL WAR.


leading their projectors to believe that they would remain in use per- manently and pay a profit on the investment, it finally became evident that one important feature of the calculations had been omitted; this was the element of durability. A few years of travel and the effects of weather on the plank, made it necessary to relay the roadways, in- volving expense that the receipts would not meet, excepting on some of the most frequently traveled roads. On this account many were abandoned, and nearly all were finally given up.


Another legislative act for the improvement of roads in this county was passed April 16, 1852, which provided that any three or more per- sons "may construct and keep in repair, for the space of seven years or less, any public highway within the county of Erie not included in the bounds of any incorporated village," by complying with certain re- quirements of notice to the commissioners of highways, who would set off a separate road district for this purpose.


A new State constitution went into effect in 1846 which made impor- tant changes in the election of various officers and affecting all coun- ties in the State alike. At the special election held on that account in June, 1847, Erie county went strongly Democratic, for the first time since the organization of the Whig party. The presidential campaign of 1848 bore especial local interest on account of the selection of Mil- lard Fillmore for the vice-presidency. It was in that year that the his- toric Free Soil convention was held in Buffalo. These political sub- jects are more fully treated in Chapter XXVI.


The period to which consideration is given in this chapter was very prolific in the founding of Roman Catholic churches, parochial schools, charitable institutions, etc., under the banner of that faith. Before the middle of the century was reached the number of adherents of that faith in Erie county had become very large. At that time they were almost wholly of Irish, German or French descent; to these were added in later years Poles, Italians, Swedes, and a few of other na- tionalities. The formation of the first Roman Catholic churches in Buffalo has been noticed in Chapter XX, and little further progress was made in that direction until 1847. In that year, on April 23, the Diocese of Buffalo1 was established, comprising the counties of Erie, Niagara, Genesee, Orleans, Chautauqua, Wyoming, Cattaraugus, Steu-


1 The Diocese of Buffalo has since been reduced to the counties of Erie, Niagara, Genesee, Orleans, Chautauqua, Wyoming, Cattaraugus and Allegany, which contain ninety-six churches with resident priests, sixty-eight parochial schools, and a Catholic population of about 160,000.


368


OUR COUNTY AND ITS PEOPLE.


ben, Chemung, Tioga, Allegany and Schuyler. Right Rev. John Timon, D. D., was the first bishop of the diocese. Three years after the founding of the diocese, and on February 6, 1851, the corner stone of St. Joseph's cathedral was laid by Bishop Timon, and its altars were consecrated on the 6th of July, 1855. The cathedral is a beautiful ex- ample of ecclesiastical architecture, and in its south tower is the finest chime of forty-three bells in this country. A heavy debt was incurred in the erection of the cathedral, but through strenuous efforts on the part of the bishop large sums of money were raised in all parts of the country, and on August 30, 1863, he once more called around him his brother prelates for a renewed consecration of the cathedral. On No- vember 8, 1868, the Right Rev. Stephen Vincent Ryan, C.M., was consecrated and installed as successor to Bishop Timon. On Febru- ary 24, 1897, Right Rev. James E. Quigley, D. D.,1 was consecrated bishop of the diocese, with impressive ceremonies.


Very soon after the establishment of the diocese the Church of the Immaculate Conception was organized (1849), under the title of St. Mary's of the Lake; the church edifice was erected in 1856. The ac- tivity of the Roman Catholics in Buffalo at the time under considera- tion, largely inspired, doubtless, by the founding of the diocese, is indicated in the prompt organization of two or three other churches. In October, 1852, was formed the Church of the Holy Angels, in the old house on what is now Porter avenue, formerly used as an asylum for insane. Eighteen acres of land, on which stood the asylum and the old almshouse, were purchased by the church for $13,000; the asylum was used temporarily for a school. The present church was com- pleted in 1857, and the parochial school, connected with the church, in 1881; it is conducted by the gray nuns.


St. Patrick's church (Franciscan Friars) was organized in January, 1854, and the church edifice, on Seymour street, was erected in 1858.


1 Dr. Quigley was born in Oshawa, Ont., October 15, 1855. Three years later the family re- moved to Lima, Livingston county, N. Y., where the boy attended public and parochial schools, and in July, 1868, entered St. Joseph's College, Buffalo, graduating in 1872. Having already de- cided upon entering the priesthood, he attended the Seminary of Our Lady of Angels, at Suspen- sion Bridge, and pursued his theological studies. There he made such rapid progress that he was sent by the bishop to the great university of Innspruch, Austria. After one year of philo- sophical study he entered the theological college of the Propaganda at Rome, from which he graduated in the spring of 1879, with the degree of doctor of philosophy. On April 13. 1879, he was ordained for the priesthood. Returning to Buffalo Father Quigley was assigned by Bishop Ryan to the parish of Attica, Wyoming county, where he raised funds and built a new church and parish house. He left Attica in 1884 to become rector of the cathedral in Buffalo, where he continued until January 17, 1897, when he was transferred to the irremovable rectorship of St. Bridget's parish.


RT. REV. STEPHEN VINCENT RYAN.


369


FROM 1840 TO THE CIVIL WAR,


A parochial school building and convent was completed in 1862, and in 1883-4 an additional school structure was built.


St. Bridget's church (Louisiana street) was organized in 1852, and the existing house of worship was built in 1859. A parochial school is connected with the church.1


The first gas light company in Buffalo was organized May 8, 1848, and began the manufacture of gas on the "7th of November following. Previous to that time the streets of the city were poorly illuminated with a few oil lamps. The first officers of the Buffalo Gaslight Com- pany were Samuel F. Pratt, president; Oliver G. Steele, secretary ; William Bucknell, jr., treasurer. The works were constructed on Gen- esee street, where they are still situated.2


1 Besides the early Catholic churches mentioned above, a large number have been organized in later years, of which only brief statistics can be given. St. John the Baptist church was or- ganized in 1867, and a church edifice was soon erected; a parochial school was built in 1883. With the coming to Buffalo of many Poles (which has been alluded to) a church for that nationality was organized in 1873, under the pastorate of Rev. John Pitass, who is still the religious leader of the congregation and the most conspicuous Polish citizen of the city. The name given to the church is St. Stanislaus. The first house of worship was immediately erected, corner of Townsend and Peckham streets. This was replaced in 1883-4 with the present stone edifice. A large parochial school is connected with the church. Besides this original Polish church there have since been organized by people of this nationality the Church of the Assumption (1887-88); St. Casmir's, or- ganized 1889-90; Church of the Transfiguration, organized 1892-3; St. John Kanty's church, organ- ized about 1892; and St. Adelbert's church.


The Church of Our Lady of Mercy was organized in 1874 and a church building was completed in the next year, and a parochial school established. St. Stephen's church was organized in De- cember, 1875, and the house of worship on Elk street was built immediately thereafter; a parochial school is connected with the church. Church of the Blessed Sacrament, Delaware avenue, brick and stone edifice, opened in May, 1889. Church of the Annunciation, organized 1888. St. Columb- kill's, organized 1887; St. Agnes church (English and German), Benzinger street. Church of Our Lady of Perpetual Help, Alabama street, organized and built 1897. St. Theresa's church, Caze- novia street, organized and built 1897. Church of the Holy Name of Jesus, and St. Nicholas church. St. Anthony of Padua church was organized in 1890 by a congregation of Italians. In addition to these there is the Polish Church of the Assumption at Depew, built in 1897, and a mis- sion at Kenmore established in 1897. There are ten German Catholic churches in the city, which are noticed in the chapter on the Germans of Buffalo. Chapels are connected with many of the Catholic institutions, and nearly all of the church societies have parochial schools under their charge. Scores of benevolent and charitable institutions, hospitals, asylums, and other institu- tions are maintained in active usefulness by the Roman Catholics of Buffalo, to which detailed reference in these pages is impossible.


2 As the demand for gas increased other companies were organized for its manufacture. The Buffalo Mutual Gaslight Company was organized in December, 1870, but did not begin manufac- turing gas until February, 1873. The first officers were A. Reynolds, president; David Ransom, vice-president; Albert G. Stevens, secretary. Succeeding to the Buffalo Oxygen and Hydrogen Gas Company was the Citizens' Gas Company; the former was organized in the early part of 1871, with John B. Griffin, president. In 1873 the property of the company was sold under a mortgage and the Citizens' Company was established in December of that year, with Jacob F. Schoellkopf, president; John H. Vought, vice-president; E. S. Wheeler, secretary; C. Rodenbach, treasurer. In September, 1897, these three companies sold out to a New York syndicate for $5,000,000. Electric


47


370


OUR COUNTY AND ITS PEOPLE.


The act incorporating the Buffalo City Water Works Company was passed by the Legislature March 15, 1849, the incorporators being George Coit, Walter Joy, William A. Bird, Orlando Allen, Horatio Shumway, George R. Babcock, Isaac Sherman, Cyrenius Bristol, Oliver G. Steele, Thomas M. Foote, William Bucknell, jr., Henry W. Rogers, William Coffin, and Aaron D. Patchen. The capital stock of the com- pany was $200,000, with authority to increase it to $500,000. The meeting for formal organization was held February 7, 1850. On the 11th of March of that year the Common Council adopted a resolution by the terms of which the city was to become a subscriber to the com- pany's stock to the amount of $100,000; no action was taken under this resolution. During the year 1850 the relative desirability of different sources of supply was discussed; the contract for erecting the works was let to Battin, Dungan & Co., of Philadelphia and Newark, N. J., who became large subscribers to the stock, and William J. McAlpine, a distinguished engineer, was employed to investigate sources of sup- ply, etc. There appears to have been a general belief that water should be taken from the bay southwest of the city; this source was objection- able to the engineer, chiefly on account of exposure of the works to ice and storms and increased cost. He favored the plan finally adopted of pumping from the river, with a reservoir situated on Prospect Hill. Lots 29 and 30 were purchased for a site for the works and lot 145 for the reservoir. The contract price was $375,000. Work on the shaft and tunnel was commenced July 29, 1850, on the reservoir August 12, and on the pumping works September 12. During that fall and the fol- lowing year pipes were laid in Main street and many other streets of the city. The reservoir was completed in November, 1851, and on December 3 the last pipe was laid on Niagara street connecting the res- ervoir with the distributing mains. River connection was soon estab- lished and pumping began December 19. On January 2, 1852, water was let into the pipes through the city, and on the 5th A. R. Ketcham was appointed superintendent, an office he held many years.1


lighting was commenced in Buffalo in July, 1881, by the Brush Electric Light Company, which or- ganized on the 1st of May of that year, with John F. Moulton, president; James Adams, vice- president; H. G. Nolton, secretary and treasurer. Incandescent lighting was introduced in 1882-83. The electric lighting of the city is now done by theBuffalo General Electric Company. Four power stations are maintained, supplying 3,000 arc and 25,000 incandescent lights.


1 A legislative act of May 7, 1868, authorized the city to issue bonds to the amount of $1,500,000 for the purchase by the city of the property of the Buffalo Water Works Company (the presidents of which have been Henry W. Rogers, 1850-54; Albert H. Tracy, 1855-59; Henry W. Rogers, 1860- 68). On August 15, 1868, the purchase of the entire plant of the company was consummated for


371


FROM 1840 TO THE CIVIL WAR.


The police force of Buffalo was also placed upon a more efficient foundation during the period under consideration. As late as 1845


$705,000, the first Board of Water Commissioners being Henry W. Rogers, C. J. Wells, and James Ryan. Mr. Ketcham was superintendent until 1874, when George Holsey was appointed; he was succeeded in 1880 by A. R. Ketcham, who was followed on March 1, 1882, by Louis H. Knapp. The present superintendent is Francis G. Ward. The water works is now a part of the Department of Public Works. The following statistics show the growth and condition of the system under mu- nicipal ownership to January 1, 1897.


Pipe laid each year


Revenue.


Maint'nance and repairs.


Extensions and improve- ments.


Bought from old Company.


33


4,758


$111,123 42


$69,228 74


$355,492 46


1874


4


5,273


176,219 01


66,218 50


307,355 64


1875


4


1,966


184,516 48


64,862 37


159,098 75


1876


1


3,340


191,335 84


61,474 22


106,900 21


1877


2,980


189,296 90


57,553 27


17,014 05


1878


1


745


200,183 28


55,230 50


48,555 32


1879


2


2,530


205,415 75


54,497 22


11,457 50


1880.


5


247


215,558 44


60,983 67


161,883 89


1881


12


3,276


210,031 46


76,629 09


201,487 10


1882


16


1,655


362,762 07


79,105 90


160,617 81


1883.


18


5,135


426,533 93


87,193 53


200,029 90


1884.


14


2,402


382,581 64


81,078 88


186,623 92


1885.


27


1,474


444,424 70


92,438 30


327,918 82


1886.


22


388


477,209 57


95,031 04


· 342,493 57


1887.


21


2,780


476,411 87


127,065 25


209,542 10


1888


21


1,250


494,777 52


143,125 76


428,505 68


1889.


26


4,889


542,952 35


145,822 98


595,642 29


1890.


26


3,190


595,456 94


143,091 79


320;063 73


1891.


26


861


555,910 73


136,941 62


413,094 78


1892.


22


588


590,750 73


170,032 80


428,721 73


1893.


35


1,508


813,493 00


203,357 99


393,694 30


1894


34


1,657


712,728 21


218,820 64


494,440 96


1895 1.


25


3,069


642,023 40


291,339 75


321,387 99


1896


10


4,093


641,807 56


495,139 07


456,548 32


WATER BONDS OUTSTANDING.


DATE OF ISSUE.


Rate of Interest.


When Due.


Amount.


Sept.


1, 1873.


7 per cent


66


April


1, 1905


100,000 00


July


1, 1874.


7


65


July


1, 1906


100,000 00


Aug.


1, 1874.


66


Aug.


1, 1908


100,000 00


Oct.


1, 1874.


7


66


.Aug.


1, 1909


100,000 00


July


1, 1876.


6


66


Sept.


2, 1898


50,000 00


April


25, 1879.


5


April


25, 1898


100,000 00


April 26, 1880.


5


April


26, 1899


100,000 00


July


1, 1880. .


4


July


1, 1904


50,000 00


Sept.


1, 1880.


4


66


Sept.


1, 1904


100,000 00


Nov.


26. 1880.


4


66


Nov.


26. 1897


64,000 00


April 25, 1881.


4


66


April


25, 1900


100,000 00


1


2,946


1870. From July 1, 1869, to Dec. 31. 1870


21


899


159,665 88


1871


11


1,310


124,865 00


1872


9


3,557


138,531 47


1873


4


1,961


168,267 20


77,447 60


308,600 46


April


1, 1874 ..


Sept.


1, 1903


$200,000:00


Sept.


2, 1878.


5


July


1, 1896


100,000 00


Oct.


1, 1908


79,328 00


Aug.


1, 1875.


1 From this date all water has been furnished city buildings and city service free.


YEARS.


Miles.


Feet.


From 1868 to July 1, 1869.


372


OUR COUNTY AND ITS PEOPLE.


the city had only a captain and eight watchmen, as they were then designated, to preserve public peace. At that time the mayor called


WATER BONDS OUTSTANDING-CONTINUED.


DATE OF ISSUE.


Rate of Interest.


When Due.


Amount.


April


1, 1884.


4 per cent.


April


1, 1901


$90,000 00


July


1, 1885.


31%


July


1, 1905


100,000 00


Oct.


1, 1886.


316


66


Oct.


1, 1903


100,000 00


Mar.


1, 1887.


31%


· Mar.


1, 1906


100,000 00


April


1, 1887.


31%


April


1, 1906


50,000 00


June


1, 1888.


31%


June


1, 1902


100,000 00


June


15, 1888.


31% 2


Tune


15. 1908


57,500 00


June


15, 1888


315


June


15, 1914


275,000 00


Dec.


1, 1888.


315


Dec.


1, 1909


100,000 00


May


1, 1889


315


May


1, 1919


225,000 00


Aug.


1, 1889.


Aug.


1, 1909


100,000 00


Oct.


1, 1889.


316


66


Oct.


1, 1909


145,000 00


Jan.


1, 1890.


212


Jan.


2, 1910


50,000 00


July


1. 1890.


2


66


Jan.


1, 1911


100,000 00


Aug.


1, 1891.


31%


Aug.


1, 1911


50,000 00


Nov.


1, 1891.


4


Nov.


1, 1911


100,000 00


Oct.


1, 1892.


316


Oct.


1, 1912


100,000 00


Dec.


1, 1892.


31%


66


Dec.


1, 1912


100,000 00


July


1, 1894.


31%


July


1, 1914


180,000 00


Jan.


1, 1896.


31%


Jan.


1, 1916


50,000 00


Sept. 25, 1897.


Sept.


25, 1917


400,000 00


Total.


$4,015,882 00


PRESENT STANDING OF THE PRINCIPAL WATER WORKS AC- COUNTS, JANUARY 1, 1897.


ITEMS.


Jan. 1, 1895.


Added two years, 1895 and 1896.


Standing Jan. 1, 1897.


Original purchase ..


$705,000 00


$705,000 00


Real estate, including taxes.


110,826 14


110,826 14


Engines ....


611,992 67


$58,574 75


670,567 42


Holly pumping house.


12,092 25


12,092 25


Holly pumping machinery


41,307 41


41,307 41


New engine house


86,478 34


86,478 34


Gas well ..


12,646 08


12,646 08


Bird Island inlet pier and tunnel ....


613,480 04


613,480 04


Main pipes, branches, hydrants, etc.


4,812,495 07


429,465 51


5,250,960 58


Coal and boiler house and chimney.


26,711 53


26,711 53


Coal tunnel


4,524 53


4,524 53


New valve house.


910 70


910 70


Overhead crossing.


1,447 87


1,447 87


New boiler house ..


8,497 19


8,497 19


Electric light plant.


3,687 24


3,687 24


Repairs, boilers, and moving same ..


5,417 65


5,417 65


New boilers


21,658 00


26,621 00


48,279 00


New buildings


105,817 86


105,817 86


Ice elevators.


1,737 98


1,737 98


New reservoir.


559,273 51


559,273 51


Electric light and telephone cable ..


1,330 30


2,125 30


R. R. tracks, lower pumping station


2,220 59


2,220 59


Tunnel No. 2, conduits and wells ...


32,481 05


32,481 05


Coal trestle and switch.


2,120 58


2,120 58


New horses ..


1,495 00


125 00


1,620 00


Ventilators ..


860 99


860 99


Conduits and wells.


13,930 12


18,576 80


32,506 92


New furnaces.


21,000 00


21,000 00


66


66


66


2


66


31%


July


1, 1910


100,000 00


Jan.


1, 1891 ..


31%


66


.6


66


66


66


66


2


2


795 00


373


FROM 1840 TO THE CIVIL WAR.


attention to the fact that the city, with about 20,000 population, was unprotected by efficient police. Two years later the force was in- creased to a total of fourteen officers. From 1840 to 1845 the watch- men received seven shillings a night for their services; the captain, one dollar. Such was the crude method of preserving the peace down to 1855. In that year Samuel Bagnall was elected chief of police, but the records of his term of office, if any were kept, have disappeared, with the exception of notes of sundry arrests. An important change was made in 1857 by which the mayor, with consent of the council, was authorized to appoint a chief of police, captains, policemen and police constables ; such officers to hold for a term of three years, unless sooner removed for cause or by resignation. Robert H. Best succeeded Chief Bagnall and entered upon his duties in 1858, with eleven policemen under him. Chief Best resigned after three years of service, and was suc- ceeded by George Drullard; he resigned April 1, 1863, and Charles Darcy was appointed and was the last of the chiefs under the old dis- pensation, which went out of existence in 1866, as noticed farther on.


The census of 1850 gave the population of Erie county as 100,- 993, an increase of 22,358 in the preceding five years; Buffalo was given 42,261, an increase during that period of 12,488. The city had




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