USA > New York > Erie County > Our county and its people : a descriptive work on Erie County, New York, Volume I > Part 51
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FROM 1870 TO 1897.
The leaven of intellectual and humanitarian effort in every large com- munity works unceasingly, perhaps slowly, but like the gradually swelling root of a tree which slowly but surely lifts a giant rock from its bed, spreads its beneficent influence through numberless channels to cottage and palace, inspiring thoughtful men and women to strive for higher ideals. Buffalo is not and never has been conspicuous as a lit- erary or art center. While there is, of course, a large class of men and women in the community who are possessed of high literary attain- ments and cultivated literary and artistic tastes, the standard of the city at large in this respect is not the highest. The fact may be, and no doubt is, in part attributable to the varied foreign elements in our pop- ulation, while contributing causes may have been the absence of great colleges or universities, and the extraordinary demands made upon pub- lic spirit by the rapid strides of the city in all departments of business life. It is true, however, that there are clear indications of welcome changes in this respect through both the action of constituted public authorities and the work of various organizations. The recent measures for the establishment of a great free library, the higher intellectual en- dowment assured by marked improvement in educational facilities, and the influences of social, literary, scientific, musical, art and other clubs and societies, all contribute to these favorable changes. Among these beneficent institutions may be mentioned the Historical Society, the several branches of the Society of Natural Sciences, the Women's Edu- cational and Industrial Union (which is described in the concluding chapter), the Audubon Club (organized in 1866), the Liberal Club, Independent Club, the Twentieth Century Club, the Orpheus, Sanger. bund and Liedertafal Singing Clubs, the Y. M. C. A., all of which have been potent influences for good. The Liberal Club was organ-
ized October 29, 1891, its object being "the consideration at monthly dinners of subjects having to do with religion, morals, education, and public affairs." The dinners are given from November to April in each year, and on each occasion, as a rule, some distinguished man from abroad addresses the club. These addresses and other papers by members of the club are printed annually. The club has a member- ship of 250 and its influence is widespread and salutary.
The Independent Club, though similar in organization and object, is more democratic, and is made up of younger men. It was formed early in the winter of 1895-96, with Andrew J. Robertson as president, and now has 135 members. Its object is " the discussion of topics bearing
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upon the social, ethical, or public life of the day, seeking thereby only the truth irrespective of creed, nationality, or partisanship." At its monthly dinners, which are given from November to March, an address is made by some man of national authority, who is followed by eminent local speakers. The Twentieth Century Club, composed entirely of women, owns a large, handsome club house at 597 Delaware avenue, near Allen street. Many of the so-called social clubs exert more or less influence upon the higher tastes of their members.
In the field of art there is also considerable cause for congratulation. Buffalo is the home of a large circle of enthusiastic artists, whose ambi- tion is stimulated and their efforts rendered more successful through the medium of membership in the Fine Arts Academy, the Art Stu- dents' League, and the Buffalo Society of Artists. In the divine art of music there is a still more notable representation of players and singers of ability and renown. The numerous musical organizations, prom- inent among which are the Buffalo Vocal Society, the Mendelssohn Club, the German Singing Society, the Buffalo Musical Association, the Orpheus, Sangerbund, Liedertafel and other German musical societies, are successfully conducted and aid in stimulating ambition to study the art that permeates every part of the community.
Free Masonry and Odd Fellowship are both largely represented in this county.1 While their purposes are not of a distinctively intellec- tual character, it is quite safe to assume that a vast majority of their active members derive therefrom a mental and moral stimulus which
1 The Masonic order in Buffalo comprises eleven lodges with 3,424 members; four Royal Arch Chapters with 1,054 members; two Royal and Select Councils with 327 members; two Commanderies with 501 members; one Lodge of Perfection, Scottish Rite, with 425 members; one Scottish Rite Council with 405 members; one Rose Croix Chapter with 392 members; one Consistory with 384 members; one Eastern Star Chapter with 169 members; one Temple of the Mystic Shrine with 860 members; one Grotto of the Veiled Prophets with 200 members. Besides these there are lodges in Tonawanda, Colden, Evans, Springville, Akron, Orchard Park, Alden, Hamburg, East Aurora, North Collins and Depew, with total membership of 928. The Masonic Temple, on Niagara street, Buffalo, was erected in 1890-91 at a cost of $165,000. It is an eight-story brick and stone structure, and was dedicated in January, 1892.
Succeeding the organization of the first Lodge of Odd Fellows in Buffalo in 1839, the follow- ing have been organized: Buffalo Lodge No. 37, May 6, 1840; Mount Vernon Encampment No. 8, July 6, 1841; Walhalla Lodge No. 91, November 17, 1846; and Odin Lodge No. 178, March 7, 1849. Besides these there are lodges in Collins Center. Akron, Angola, Clarence, Depew, East Aurora, Hamburg, Holland, Lancaster, Spring Brook, Springville, Tonawanda and Williamsville. Down to 1889 there were only about 1,700 members of this order in Buffalo, and in the county there were twenty-three subordinate lodges, two Rebekah lodges, two Cantons and two Encampments. Since then the order has steadily increased until there are in the county forty-eight subordinate lodges with a total membership of between 12,000 and 15,000. The National Odd Fellow is a weekly newspaper devoted to the order, which was started in February, 1889, by John C. V. Kraft.
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FROM 1870 TO 1897.
leads them to seek higher and better ways of living and advance them in the scale of enlightened citizenship.
A brief review of these aspects of progress in Buffalo may be closed with a reference to the increased attention given in recent years to to what is understood by the broad term of athletics. The people of Erie county, in common with all Americans, have been learning valu- able lessons in this regard and within the past decade or two there has been a wonderful development of popularity in every department of athletic sport. Active brain-workers everywhere have discovored that to devote a share of their time to out-door and in-door athletics is from every point of view a good investment. In this field, also, the Germans are conspicuous. Organizations almost without number have been created for the promotion of recreation, exercise and sport, and contribute in no small degree to elevate the people as a whole out of the routine of unceasing labor and bring them into closer communion with nature. Buffalo and its vicinity offer a field that is admirably adapted to this end. The waters of lake, harbor and river are well adapted for yachting and canoeing;' the 200 miles of asphalt paving and the level country surrounding the city afford unparalleled oppor- tunity for travel on the people's modern steed, the bicycle, which has come into use to a greater extent than in any other city in the country, and is bringing in its train the so-called horseless carriage which has just made its appearance in the streets. In short there is no depart- ment of modern athletics that is not fully represented by organized bodies or individuals in Buffalo.
Nothing more, it is presumed, need be written to convince the im- partial observer that, whatever may have been the position occupied by our people in years past with respect to the subjects here consid- ered, the religious, educational, literary, artistic and social development in recent times has been most satisfactory, and promise more excellent results for the future.
1 The Buffalo Canoe Club was organized in 1883 and has reached its limit of 100 members; it has a club house at the foot of Hamilton street, and another at Abino Bay, Ontario. The Buffalo Yacht Club was organized in 1860 and incorporated in 1880. The membership is about 225, and its three story club house at the foot of Porter avenue cost about $12,000. Many of the members own private yachts and have taken part in many regattas. The Country Club (a wealthy and aristocratic organization), incorporated in February, 1889, is devoted to the encouragement of athletic exercises by families; it has a club house on a tract of twenty acres of land, with polo grounds, golf links and other facilities for out-door enjoyment. Besides these there are the Caledonian Curling and Quoiting Club, the Island Club, the West End and other rowing clubs, the various athletic organizations of the Germans, all contributing to the increasing popularity of active recreation.
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CHAPTER XXVI.
POLITICAL CHANGES AND CIVIL LIST.
Changes in Political Parties-Officers in the National Government: President-Vice- President-Postmaster-General-Secretaryof War-Ministersto Foreign Countries- Superintendent of the Government Printing Office-Members of Congress-Generals in the Regular Army. State Officers: Governor-Lieutenant-Governors-Secretary of State-Attorneys-General-Comptrollers-State Treasurers-Canal Commissioners -Inspector of State Prisons-Superintendents of Public Instruction-Regents of the University-Canal Appraisers-Council of Appointment-State Senators-Assembly- men. County Officers: County Treasurers. Politics before and Including 1815- Politics and Elections From 1816 to 1896. Principal Village and City Officials of Buffalo: Village Trustees and Other Officers-Mayors-City Clerks-City Treasurers -Surveyors and Engineers-City Attorneys- Street Commissioners-City Physicians -Comptrollers-Aldermen-Common Council-Boards of Aldermen and Councilmen.
Citizens of Erie county have been honored in the past by election to the highest offices under the National government, and in the higher State offices have been many men from this county who have left most enviable records of public service. In the broad field of National and State politics the county has always occupied a commanding position and many of her citizens have risen to political eminence. Political changes in respect to parties and factions have been less frequent and important in this county, perhaps, than in many other localities. Of the great parties that have been in existence since the county was formed, the Whig and Republican have been dominant the greater part of the time, as indicated further on.
Following is a list of officers under the National government who re- sided in Erie county :
President of the United States, Grover Cleveland, 1884-87 and 1893- 96, both inclusive.
Vice-President of the United States, Millard Fillmore, from March 4, 1849, to July 9, 1850. The death of General Taylor on the 9th day of July, 1850, placed Mr. Fillmore in the presidential chair; he was then fifty years of age. His administration of the high office was in the main creditable and satisfactory to the people.
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Postmaster-General, Nathan K. Hall, from July 23, 1850, to Septem- ber 14, 1852. When Mr. Fillmore made up his cabinet he selected Daniel Webster for secretary of state; Thomas Corwin, secretary of the treasury; John J. Crittenden, attorney-general, and his former student and law partner, Nathan K. Hall, for postmaster-general. Mr. Hall had then been member of congress only one term, and his selection was criticised as favoritism in some quarters; but his high character and conceded ability well fitted him for the post.
Secretary of War, Peter B. Porter, from May 26, 1828, to March 9, 1829. Mr. Porter was the first cabinet officer from Western New York, and was appointed by President Adams to fill a vacancy that had oc- curred. General Porter discharged the duties of the position with ability during the remainder of Mr Adams's term and then retired to private life; still later he removed to Niagara Falls, where he died in 1844.
Ministers in Foreign Countries .- Thomas M. Foote, chargé d'affaires in New Granada, from the spring of 1849 to the summer of 1852; Thomas M. Foote, chargé d'affaires in Austria, from the summer of 1852 to the spring of 1853; James O. Putnam, minister resident in Belgium, from May 19, 1880, to July 1, 1882. During his term in the latter position Mr. Putnam was appointed by the government and served as delegate to the International Industrial Congress held in Paris in November, 1881.
Superintendent of the Government Printing Office, Almon M. Clapp, from June 4, 1869, to April 6, 1877.
Members of Congress .- Changes in the division of this State into Con- gressional districts were made in 1789, 1792, 1797, 1802, 1804 and 1808, in which year Niagara county, including what is now Erie county, was erected. That division created fifteen districts, Niagara, Allegany, Cattaraugus, Chautauqua, Genesee and Ontario constituting the Fif- teenth District. By the act of April 17, 1822 (the year after the erec- tion of Erie county), that county with Niagara and Chautauqua was constituted the Thirteenth District. The act of June 29, 1832, constituted Erie county alone the Thirty-second District. It so remained until 1862, when it was made the Thirtieth District. In 1873 it was again made the Thirty-second. In 1883 the First, Second and Third Assembly Districts of the county, as then constituted, were made the Thirty-second Con- gressional District and the county of Niagara and the Fourth and Fifth Assembly Districts were constituted the Thirty-third Congressional
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District, which condition existed until 1894. At the present time the Thirty-second District comprises the First, Second, Third, Fourth, Fifth, Sixth, Seventh, Eighth, Ninth, Tenth, Eleventh, Twelfth, Thir- teenth, Fourteenth, Nineteenth and Twentieth wards of Buffalo; the Thirty-third District comprises the Fifteenth, Sixteenth, Seventeenth, Eighteenth, Twenty-first, Twenty-second, Twenty-third, Twenty- fourth and Twenty-fifth wards of Buffalo and the Fourth and Fifth As- sembly Districts of the county.
Following is a list of members of the House of Representatives from Niagara county (1808 to 1821), and Erie county since its formation :
Peter B. Porter. Eleventh Congress and re-elected to the Twelfth, holding office from March 4, 1809, to March 4, 1813. Mr. Porter when first elected was a resident of Canandaigua, but removed to Black Rock in the spring of 1810. There was no representative from Niagara county in the Thirteenth Congress, and in 1812, when the State was divided into Twenty-one districts, with Allegany, Cattaraugus, Chau- tauqua, Genesee, Livingston, Monroe, Niagara and Ontario constituting the Twenty- first District, that district was entitled to two members; Mr. Porter was again elected, holding from March 4, 1815, until his resignation in February, 1816; and Archibald S. Clarke, from June, 1816, to March 3, 1817. Benjamin Ellicott, Fifteenth Congress, March 4, 1817, to March 3, 1819; Albert H. Tracy, Sixteenth Congress, re-elected to the Seventeenth and Eighteenth, holding from March 4, 1819, to March 3, 1825; Ebenezer F. Norton, Twenty-first Congress, March 4, 1829, to March 3, 1831 ; Millard Fillmore, Twenty-third Congress, March 4, 1833, to March 3, 1835; in the Twenty-second Congress this district was represented by Bates Cook of Ni- agara county. Thomas C. Love, Twenty-fourth Congress, March 4, 1835, to March 3, 1837; Millard Fillmore, Twenty-fifth Congress, re-elected to the Twenty-sixth and Twenty-seventh, holding from March 4, 1837, to March 3, 1843; William A. Moseley, Twenty-eighth Congress, re-elected to the Twenty-ninth, holding from March 4, 1842, to March 3, 1847; Nathan K. Hall, Thirtieth Congress, March 4, 1847, to March 3, 849; Elbridge G. Spaulding, Thirty-first Congress, March 4, 1849, to March 3, 1851; Solomon G. Haven, Thirty-second Congress, re-elected to the Thirty- third and Thirty-fourth, holding from March 4, 1851, to March 3, 1857; Israel T. Hatch, Thirty-fifth Congress, March 4, 1857, to March 3, 1859; Elbridge G. Spauld- ing, Thirty-sixth Congress, re-elected to the Thirty-seventh, holding from March 4, 1859, to March 3, 1863; John Ganson, Thirty-eighth Congress, March 4, 1863, to March 3, 1865; James M. Humphrey, Thirty-ninth Congress, re-elected to the For- tieth, holding from March 4, 1865, to March 3, 1871; William Williams, Forty-sec- ond Congress, March 4, 1871 to March 3, 1873; Lyman K. Bass, Forty-third Con- gress, re-elected to the Forty-fourth, holding from March 4, 1873, to March 3, 1877; Daniel N. Lockwood, Forty-fifth Congress, March 4, 1877, to March 3, 1879; Ray V. Pierce, Forty-sixth Congress, from March 4, 1879, to his resignation in the summer of 1880, when Jonathan Scoville was elected to the vacancy, holding from his election in November of that year to March 3, 1883; William Findlay Rogers, Forty-eighth Congress, March 4, 1883, to March 3, 1885; John B.
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POLITICAL CHANGES AND CIVIL LIST.
Weber and John M. Farquhar, Forty-ninth and Fiftieth Congresses, March 4, 1885, to March 3, 1889; John M. Farquhar and John M. Wiley, Fifty-first Congress, March 4, 1889, to March 3, 1891: Daniel N. Lockwood and Thomas L. Bunting, Fifty-sec- ond Congress, March 4, 1891, to March 3, 1893: Daniel N. Lockwood and Charles Daniels, Fifty-third Congress, March 4, 1893, to March 3, 1895; Charles Daniels and Rowland B. Mahany, Fifty-fourth Congress, March 4, 1895, to March 3, 1897, Rowland B. Mahany and De Alva S. Alexander, Fifty-fifth Congress, March 4, 1897, to -, incumbents.
Generals in the Regular Army .- It may be valuable for reference to add here a list of high military officers of this county, as follows:
Bennett Riley, appointed ensign January 19, 1813; third lieutenant, March 12, 1813; second lieutenant, April 15, 1814; first lieutenant, March 31, 1817; captain, August 6, 1818: major, September 26, 1837; lieutenant-colonel, December 1, 1839; colonel, January 31, 1850; brevet brigadier-general, April 18, 1847; brevet major- general, August 20, 1847; died in June, 1853.
Albert J. Myer, appointed major and chief signal officer June 27, 1860; brevet colonel, July 2, 1862; brevet brigadier-general, March 13, 1865; colonel and chief signal officer, July 28, 1866; and brigadier-general and chief signal officer, June 16, 1880.
STATE GOVERNMENT.
The following residents of Niagara and Erie counties have held offices under the State government, as indicated :
Governor of New York, Grover Cleveland, elected in November, 1882, term of office expired December 31, 1885, resigned January 6, 1885, having been elected president of the United States.
Lieutenant-Governors .- William Dorsheimer, elected for two years in 1874, re- elected for three years in 1876, term expired December 31, 1879; William F. Shee- han, elected November, 1891, term expired November, 1894.
Secretary of State .- Peter B. Porter, appointed February 16, 1815: resigned February 12, 1816. General Porter was then at the height of his fame; he resigned his seat in Congress to accept this appointment made by Governor Tompkins. This new office and the one he subsequently accepted of United States Commissioner to settle the northern boundary were nearly the last public stations filled by him and he soon retired largely from the public eye.
Attorneys-General .- George P. Barker, appointed February 7, 1842, term ex- pired February 3, 1845; Charles F. Tabor, elected November, 1887, re-elected 1889.
Comptrollers .- Millard Fillmore, from January 1, 1848, until his resignation Feb- ruary 20, 1849; Asher P. Nichols, appointed vice William F. Allen, June, 1870, and elected the following November; Nelson K. Hopkins, elected in November, 1871, re-elected in 1873, term expired December 31, 1875; James A. Roberts, elected 1893, and re-elected 1895.
State Treasurers .- Benjamin Welch, jr., elected in November, 1851, election contested and office awarded him by the court November 20, 1852, held until Decem-
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ber 31, 1853; Elbridge G. Spaulding, from January 1, 1854, to December 31, 1855; Isaac Vanderpoel, from January 1, 1858, to December 31, 1859; Philip Dorsheimer, from January 1, 1860, to December 31, 1861.
Canal Commissioners .- Peter B. Porter, appointed March 11, 1810, serving until the repeal of the first canal law, April 15, 1814; John T. Hudson, appointed Decem- ber 5, 1846, holding until December 31, 1847; Franklin A. Alberger, elected in November, 1861, re-elected in 1864, term expired December 31, 1867. This office was abolished under the constitution upon the appointment of a superintendent of public works, February 8, 1878.
Inspector of State Prisons .- Solomon Scheu, elected in November, 1867, term expired December 31, 1870. This office was abolished February 16, 1877, and the new office of superintendent of state prisons took its place.
Superintendents of Public Instruction .- Victor M. Rice, elected for three years, from April 4, 1854, to April 3, 1857, again elected in 1862, re-elected in 1865, held the office until January 1, 1868; James F. Crooker, elected 1891.
Regents of the University of the State of New York .- George W. Clinton, elect- ed March 6, 1856; T. Guilford Smith, elected in 1890; the tenure of this office is for life.
Canal Appraisers .- Thaddeus Davis, appointed for three years in 1877; William J. Morgan, appointed for three years January 28, 1880; he held the office until the Court of Claims was established, May, 1883.
Council of Appointment .- This important body appointed nearly all the execu- tive and judicial officers of the State, until it was abolished by the constitution of 1821. Archibald S. Clarke was elected a member by the Assembly from among the senators of the Western District, February 5, 1816, and served one year. Mr. Clarke at that time resided in what is now the town of Newstead. Many years later he removed to Cattaraugus county, where he held several official positions.
Commissioners of the State Board of Charities .- William P. Letchworth, of Buffalo, was appointed a commissioner of the State Board of Charities in 1873, and Harvey W. Putnam succeeded him November 18, 1896.
State Commissioner of Prisons .- Under the laws of 1895, George B. Hayes was appointed State Commissioner of Prisons in July, 1895, for a term of eight years.
Members of the State Constitutional Conventions .- 1821, Augustus Porter and Samuel Russell, representing the counties of Cattaraugus, Chautauqua, Erie and Niagara. 1846, Erie county constituting a single district, Absalom Bull, Aaron Salisbury, Horatio J. Stow and Amos Wright. 1867, Erie county constituting the Thirty-first senatorial district, George W. Clinton, Israel T. Hatch, Allen Potter and Isaac A. Verplanck. 1894, Erie county constituting two senatorial districts: Thirtieth district, James S. Porter, Harvey W. Putnam, Philip W. Springweiler, Thomas A. Sullivan and William Turner; Thirty-first district, Tracy C. Becker, Jonathan W. Carter, John Coleman, George A. Davis and Henry W. Hill; Daniel H. McMillan, delegate at large.
State Senators .- Under the first constitution this State was divided into four senatorial districts-Southern, Middle, Eastern, and Western. After its erection in 1808 Niagara county was placed in the Western
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POLITICAL CHANGES AND CIVIL LIST.
District, which was entitled to nine of the twenty-four members. An additional senator was to be added to each district whenever, by a sep- tennial census, it was shown that the number of electors in the district had increased one twenty fourth; this increase was to be allowed until the number reached 100. The census of 1795 made the number forty- three. In 1801, the rule being found unequal in its operation, the con- stitution was amended fixing the number permanently at thirty-two. The second constitution divided the State into eight districts, Erie county being placed in the Eighth District. By the act of 1892 Erie county was constituted the Thirtieth and Thirty-first districts, and so remains. Under the first and the second constitutions senators were elected for four years, and several were elected from each senatorial district, so that there was not always a senator from Erie county. The following list names those elected from this county :
Archibald S. Clarke, from July, 1812, to July, 1816; Oliver Forward, from July, 1820, to December 31, 1822, when his term expired under the new constitution; Samuel Wilkeson, elected in November, 1825, serving from January 1, 1826, to De- cember 31, 1829; Albert H. Tracy, elected November, 1829, re-elected 1833, serving from January 28. 1830, to December 31, 1837; William A. Moseley, elected Novem- ber, 1837, serving from January 1, 1838, to December 31, 1841; Carlos Emmons, elected November, 1844, holding from January 1, 1845, to December 31, 1847. (Dr. Emmons's term was shortened one year by the operation of the constitution which divided the State into thirty-two districts, each electing one senator for two years, in 1847, 1849, and each succeeding odd numbered year.) John T. Bush, elected No- vember, 1847, holding through the years 1848 and 1849; George R. Babcock, elected November, 1849, re-elected 1851, holding from January 1, 1850, to December 31, 1853; James O. Putnam, elected November, 1853, holding from January 1, 1854, to December 31, 1855; James Wadsworth, elected November, 1855, re-elected in 1857, holding from January 1, 1856, to his resignation August 18, 1858; Erastus S. Prosser, elected vice Wadsworth in November, 1858, re-elected in 1859, holding from his election until December 31, 1861; John Ganson, elected November, 1861, holding from January 1, 1862. until he took his seat in Congress the first Monday in Decem- ber, 1863; James M. Humphrey, elected November, 1863, holding from January 1, 1864, until he took his seat in Congress on the first Monday in December, 1865; David S. Bennett, elected November, 1865, holding through 1866 and 1867; Asher P. Nichols, elected November, 1867, holding through 1868 and 1869; Loren L. Lewis, elected November, 1869, re-elected 1870, holding from January 1, 1870, to December 31, 1873; John Ganson, elected November, 1873, holding from January 1, 1874, until his death September 28, 1874; Albert P. Laning, elected November, 1874, in place of Ganson, deceased, holding from his election until December 31, 1875; Sherman S. Rogers, elected November, 1875, holding from January 1, 1876, until his resignation September 5, 1876; E. Carlton Sprague, elected in November, 1876, in place of Rogers, resigned, holding until December 31, 1877: Ray V. Pierce, elected
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