USA > New York > Erie County > Our county and its people : a descriptive work on Erie County, New York, Volume I > Part 53
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The general depression in business continued to a considerable ex- tent down to 1840. General discontent prevailed and manifested itself in many State elections in 1838. In this State William H. Seward defeated Governor Marcy and became the first Whig governor. Erie county became more and more a Whig stronghold, and when the ex-
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citing Harrison campaign of 1840 opened, local political enthusiasm was at flood tide. No where else were more log cabins built, more hard cider drank, or louder shouting for "Tippecanoe and Tyler too." The Harrison ticket received here a majority of nearly two to one. Henry W. Seymour was presidential elector from this district. Millard Fillmore was elected to Congress for the fourth time, and in 1842 declined a re-election to that office, and William A. Moseley was elected. In 1844, when Henry Clay was nominated for president by the Whigs, Mr. Fillmore's name was presented by the New York delegates for the second place on the ticket. He was not selected, however, but was chosen with scarcely a division as the candidate for governor; but the State as well as the nation went for Polk and Silas Wright was elected governor. Dr. Carlos Emmons, of Springville, was then chosen State senator.
A new State constitution was prepared and ratified by the people in 1846, which wrought important changes in every county in the State. Under its provisions most of the county offices were made elective; the term of State senator was made two years and each senator was made to represent a senatorial district, and each assemblyman an assembly district. Erie county became the Thirty-first Senatorial District, and was now entitled to four assemblymen. The old court of Common Pleas was abolished and the County Court instituted, to be presided over by a county judge, excepting in certain criminal cases in Courts of Sessions, when he was to be assisted by two justices of sessions. The State was divided into eight judicial districts, each of which was to elect four justices of the Supreme Court. Erie county was made a part of the Eighth District and has so continued to the present time. At a special election held in June, 1847, judicial officers and district attorneys were elected, as directed by the constitution. The Whigs having a large majority in the Eighth District, four justices of the Supreme Court of that political faith were elected; among them were Seth E. Sill, of Buffalo, and James Mullett, of Chautauqua county, who kept an office in Buffalo. Other Whig candidates in Erie county were all defeated for the first time since the organization of the party, through the influence of local differences. In the following fall the first State officers were elected under the new constitution. Millard Fillmore was nominated by the Whigs for comptroller. The Demo- crats were torn asunder into the so-called Hunker and Barnburner factions, which were then at the height of their- antagonism, and Mr. Fillmore and his Whig associates were elected by a large majority.
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The political campaign of 1848 was an important one and possesses local historical interest. In June, after General Taylor had been nom- inated for the presidency by the Whig National Convention at Phila delphia, Mr. Fillmore was chosen for second place on the ticket. The Democrats in national convention nominated Cass and Butler for president and vice-president respectively, while the Barnburners, who constituted the radical wing of that party, and had espoused the Wil- mot Proviso, for the exclusion of slavery from territory then recently acquired from Mexico, met in Utica and nominated Martin Van Buren for the presidency, with a western nominee for second place; the latter declined the honor. For the purpose of uniting all the forces possible against the extension of slavery, another convention was called for August 9 to meet in Buffalo. The proceedings of this assemblage of distinguished men are memorable in history. Representatives were present from every Northern State as well as from Delaware, Mary- land and Virginia. At noon of the day named above the convention was called to order in a great tent which had been placed in the court house park. Nathaniel Sawyer, of Ohio, was chosen temporary chair- man, and a committee on permanent organization was appointed, consisting of one from each State represented.
At the beginning of the afternoon session an immense throng gathered about the tent and in adjoining streets. Preston King was chosen chairman of the committee on organization and reported the name of Charles Francis Adams, of Massachusetts, for president of the convention, and he was elected. Thereupon the man who for the first time occupied a prominent position before the nation was escorted to the chair by a broad-shouldered, fine appearing man of thirty-eight years, Salmon P. Chase, of Ohio. A committee on resolutions was appointed, of which Benjamin F. Butler was made chairman; not Gen. Benjamin F. Butler of military fame, but the first lieutenant of Martin Van Buren in his political schemes, and later attorney-general of the United States in Van Buren's cabinet.
During the delay incident upon the consultation of a committee of conference over the nomination of candidates, the convention was ad- dressed by several men whose names ere long became familiar through- out the country in the Anti-Slavery cause; among them was Joshua R. Giddings, of Ohio. Salmon P. Chase was chairman of the com- mittee of conference; this committee declined to make nominations until the convention prepared its platform. On the following morning
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there was reported to the convention a series of resolutions embodying the creed of the Free Soil party, which was subsequently the same as that afterwards adopted by the Republican party; its key note was "no more slave States and no slave Territories." The resolutions were enthusiastically adopted. Meanwhile the committee of confer- ence met in the Universalist church and when it received notice of the action of the convention, proceeded to make nominations. Mr. Van Buren had already been nominated for the presidency by a New York convention of Free Soilers, but there was a strong feeling in the con- vention in favor of John P. Hale, of New Hampshire, a well known radical opponent of slavery. However, after Mr. Butler had eloquently portrayed the position of his friend and explained the principles by which he was guided, a vote was taken in which Van Buren received 244; John P. Hale 181, and 41 scattering. Van Buren had a majority over all others of only 22. Charles Francis Adams was then unani- mously nominated for vice president. In the evening of that day these nominations were reported to the mass convention, which filled the great tent to the utmost, and they were received with tumultuous cheers. After the reading of a letter from Van Buren by David Dudley Field, and several short speeches, the convention closed.
The results of this memorable convention were at least twofold; it gave New York to the Whigs, caused the election of Taylor and Fill- more, and exerted a powerful influence in strengthening the growing opposition to the extension of slavery and hastening the approach of most momentous events.
In the election of that year Elbridge G. Spaulding, of Buffalo, was chosen to represent this district in Congress. Upon the death of Gen- eral Taylor, July 9, 1850, Millard Fillmore became president of the United States. He was then fifty years of age; twenty-one years earlier he entered public life as member of assembly, and only twenty- seven years had passed since he began law practice in Aurora.
In forming his cabinet Mr. Fillmore gave his former student and partner, Nathan K. Hall, the office of postmaster-general, and was promptly accused of favoritism by his opponents; but the thoroughly successful administration of Mr. Hall justified the action of the presi- dent. Daniel Webster was made secretary of State and John J. Crit- tenden attorney-general. Through the remaining hot months of that summer, Congress, which was in session at the time of General Tay- lor's death, wrestled with the problems growing out of the slavery
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question and finally passed the celebrated compromise measures which provided for the admission of California, the organization of the terri- tories of New Mexico and Utah without prohibition of slavery, the abolition of the slave trade in the District of Columbia, and the sun- mary return of fugitive slaves escaping from one State to another. While the last named act (the Fugitive Slave Law) was strongly de- nounced by many prominent Whigs and some Northern Democrats, the president signed all of the five acts constituting the compromise meas- ures. He was upheld in this action by a majority of both political parties. Solomon G. Haven, the third member of the law firm of Fill- more, Hall & Haven, was brought forward that fall as a candidate for Congress and was elected, thus assuring the president of unqualified support from his own county. Mr. Fillmore's policy, after the passage of the compromise acts, was in harmony with his party and his ad- ministration was a creditable one in every respect. But he had ac- quired a reputation for conservatism, and when the Whig convention of 1852 assembled he was opposed by the radical members of the party who were in fierce opposition to slavery. The nomination of General Scott followed, and was considered a defeat for the conservatives, but the platform was sufficiently conservative and as decidedly in favor of the compromise measures as Mr. Fillmore himself could have desired. The Whig party, as is well remembered, was overwhelmingly de- feated.
Up to 1853 the Whig party had maintained complete control of Erie county, electing every congressman, every State senator, nearly every assemblyman, and all the county officers, excepting in 1847, when there was a temporary defection. But in 1854 came the repeal of the Missouri Compromise, causing intense indignation throughout the North, and leading toward the organization of a new Anti-Slavery party. At about the same time the Know Nothing, or American, party came into existence to complicate the political situation for several years; its creed of opposition to foreign and papal influence found many sup- porters, and especially from among the Whig conservatives, who, ready to abandon their former allegiance, were unwilling to join the Demo- crats or the pronounced Anti-Slavery element. The new party made full State nominations, among them being Gen. Gustavus A. Scroggs, of Buffalo, for lieutenant-governor. The Whigs, however, sufficiently maintained their organization until the fall election and carried the State. Mr. Haven, who had voted against the Nebraska bill, was elected member of congress.
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In 1855 the Republican party was organized, the policy and operation of which were soon to control the destiny of the country. In Erie county it received into its ranks a large part of the voters, but not by any means a majority. Three tickets were nominated in that year and for the first time in a quarter of a century the Democrats carried the county at a regular election, making James Wadsworth, of Buffalo, State senator. In the succeeding year (1856) came the triangular con- test between the Democrats, the Republicans and the Know-Nothings; these three parties were nearer equal in strength in this county than in almost any other in the Union. In February the National American (Know-Nothing) convention nominated Millard Fillmore for the presi- dency; but that ephemeral party was already beginning its rapid de- cline. Mr. Fillmore's strength in his own county helped to keep it alive here and doubtless contributed largely to equalizing the three parties, as just noticed. Solomon G. Haven was for the fourth time a candidate for Congress on the same ticket, but notwithstanding the great strength of these two men, that party was third in the local field. The Democrats carried the county as well as the nation. Israel T. Hatch was elected to Congress, but the Republicans carried this State and Rufus Wheeler, of Buffalo, was chosen presidential elector. That was the last year in which Mr. Fillmore appeared in the political arena; the remainder of his life was passed in dignified retirement, mostly at his Buffalo home, which now bears his name as a family hotel.
The next political campaign of historical importance was that of 1860. By 1858 the Know-Nothing party had substantially disappeared. In this county its members had joined the other two dominant organ- izations. In that year a combination was formed between the Repub- licans and a faction of the Americans, by whom Elbridge G. Spaulding was elected to Congress. In the following year the Republicans car- ried this county, the political lines being quite closely drawn. Of the four presidential tickets in the field in the well-remembered campaign of 1860, that headed by Mr. Breckinridge received almost no votes in Erie county, while that headed by Mr. Bell was given only a very few; the county vote was substantially divided between Lincoln and Douglas, the former receiving a majority. Mr. Spaulding was re- elected to Con- gress, where he was soon to obtain lasting fame through his connection with the establishment of a currency system with which to carry on a gigantic war. He still lives to enjoy his well-earned honors.
The more important phases of the political situation in Erie county
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since the close of the war are quite fresh in the memory of most grown persons. While the war policy of President Lincoln found a large ma- jority of supporters in the county throughout that strife, the Democrats ere long gained the ascendency. In spite of the fact that Reuben E. Fen- ton, Republican, was elected governor in 1864 and 1866, it was by only small majorities, and in Erie county by that time the Democrats were in the majority and elected James M. Humphrey to Congress. After the census of 1865 this county was given five assemblymen. But political affairs experienced a revolution with the successful close of the great conflict, and in 1868 Erie county went over to the Grant electoral ticket with a majority of about 2,000. This condition contin- tinued throughout 1869; but in 1870 the tables were turned and the Democrats triumphed. It was that year that Grover Cleveland, who was destined to soon occupy so conspicuous a position on the political horizon, first came before the public as a candidate and was elected sheriff of Erie county.
The Republicans were victorious in 1871, and in the next year, when Horace Greeley made his unfortunate appearance as a presidential can- didate against General Grant, it seemed that probably the Republicans were to remain permanently in the ascendent in this county. All the candidates of that party were elected by majorities of from 5,000 to 6,000. Lyman K. Bass was elected to Congress, and the victorious party even elected all of their members of assembly, a feat that had not before been accomplished, nor has it since. In 1874, however, the Democrats had a majority, and William Dorsheimer, of Buffalo, was elected lieutenant-governor, with a majority of about 600. The fol- lowing vote statistics in Erie county during the past twenty years give a fair indication of the changes in the political situation :
In 1876 Edwin D. Morgan, Republican candidate for governor, was elected against Lucius Robinson, with a majority in the county of a little less than 1,000; for lieutenant-governor, William Dorsheimer received 19,425 votes, and Sherman S. Rogers, 20,355. In 1879 the Republican and Democratic candidates for governor were respectively Alonzo B. Cornell and Lucius Robinson; Cornell's vote in this county was 20,150, and Robinson's, 17,095. In the presidential election of 1880 the county went Republican by a vote of 24,199 against 20,848. The Republicans still retained the ascendency in 1881 with a vote of 19,858 against 18,039 for secretary of State.
In 1882 Grover Cleveland, then holding the office of mayor of Buffalo,
GROVER CLEVELAND.
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received the nomination for governor of the State, thus taking the third step in a public official career that was to lead him twice to the highest office in the gift of the American people. The State went Democratic by the largest majority ever given to a candidate-some- thing over 190,000. In Erie county the Democratic vote was 23, 748; the Repulican, 16,408; in the city the Republican vote was 11,404; Democratic, 17,156.
In the presidential campaign of 1884, Grover Cleveland (Dem.) re- ceived the nomination for the presidency against James G. Blaine and was triumphantly elected; the vote in Erie county was Republican, 26,249; Democratic, 24, 759; in the city the Republican vote was 18, 530, and Democratic, 17,477. These proportions were only slightly changed in the vote of 1885, when David B. Hill was nominated for governor, having already served the remainder of Cleveland's term; the figures were, Hill, 21,681; Davenport, 22, 906 in the county ; city, Hill, 15, 973; Davenport, 17,932.
The year 1888 was again presidential year, and Benjamin Harrison was elected president over Grover Cleveland. In this State David B. Hill triumphed over Warner Miller in the gubernatorial race, the vote in this county being 33,050 for Hill, and 28,001 for Miller; the city gave Hill 25,211, and Miller 19,839. From that time to the present the county and city vote has been as follows:
1889, for secretary of state, Gilbert, 27,634; Frank Rice, 25,627, in the county; in the city, 21, 698 and 20,263 respectively.
1891, for governor, Roswell P. Flower, Democrat, received 28,876 votes, and J. Sloat Fassett 27,596 in the county.
1892, Grover Cleveland was again elected to the presidency, and re- ceived in Erie county 32,431 votes, against 32,240 for Benjamin Har- rison ; the city gave Cleveland 25, 428, and Harrison 24, 611.
1893, for secretary of state, the county gave a Democratic vote of 25,449, and Republican 35, 561.
1893, David B. Hill received in the county 27, 656 votes for governor, and Levi P. Morton, 38, 479.
1894, for secretary of state the county gave John Palmer 35, 929 votes and Horatio C. King, 23,130.
1896, for governor, Frank S. Black (Rep.) received 9,581 in the county and 32,004 in the city, and Wilbur F. Porter 26,621 in the city and 6,778 in the county. The county and city gave William McKinley 45,621 votes and William J. Bryan 30,172 for president.
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OUR COUNTY AND ITS PEOPLE.
PRINCIPAL VILLAGE AND CITY OFFICIALS.
Following is a list in chronological order of the principal village and city officials from the incorporation of the village in 1816 to the pres ent time:
VILLAGE.
1816-Trustees, Oliver Forward, Charles Townsend, Heman B. Potter, Ebenezer Walden, Jonas Harrison, Samuel Wilkeson; clerk, Jonathan E. Chaplin; treasurer, Josiah Trowbridge: collector, Moses Baker.
1817-Trustees, Ebenezer Walden, Jonas Harrison, John G. Camp, Samuel Wilke- son, Elias Ransom: clerk, Jonathan E. Chaplin ; treasurer, Josiah Trowbridge; col- lector, Moses Baker.
1818-Trustees, Joseph Stocking, Charles Townsend, Heman B. Potter, Oliver Forward, Abraham Larzalere; clerk, Stephen K. Grosvenor; treasurer, Elijah D. Efner: collector Moses Baker.
1819-Trustees, Charles Townsend, Samuel Wilkeson, Joseph Stocking, Heman B. Potter, Joseph Landon; clerk, Stephen K. Grosvenor; treasurer, Elijah D. Efner, collector, Leonard P. Crary.
1820-Trustees, Charles Townsend, Cyrenius Chapin, Samuel Wilkeson, Joseph Stocking, William T. Miller; clerk, Stephen K. Grosvenor; treasurer, Elijah D. Efner; collector. Moses Baker.
1821-Trustees, Charles Townsend, Samuel Wilkeson, Joseph Stocking. Cyrenius Chapin, Heman B. Potter; clerk, Stephen K. Grosvenor; treasurer, Elijah D. Efner; collector, E. F. Gilbert.
1822-Trustees, Ebenezer Johnson, Oliver Forward, John B. Hicks, John Scott, Henry M. Campbell; clerk, Gorham Chapin; treasurer, Henry R. Seymour; attor- ney, Heman B. Potter; collector, Moses Baker.
1823-Trustees, Oliver Forward, Charles Townsend, David Burt, Abner Bryant, Benjamin Caryl; clerk, Joseph Clary; treasurer, Henry R. Seymour; collector, James Higgins.
1824-Trustees. Heman B. Potter. David Burt, Joseph Stocking, Nathaniel Vos- burgh, Oliver Forward; clerk, Joseph Clary; treasurer, Henry R. Seymour; col- lector, Loring Pierce.
1825-Trustees, Oliver Forward, David Burt, Heman B. Potter, Ebenezer Johnson, Nathaniel Vosburgh ; clerk, Joseph Clary; treasurer, Henry R. Seymour; collector, James Higgins.
1826-Trustees, Oliver Forward, Benjamin Rathbun, William Hollister, Joseph D. Hoyt, Major A. Andrews; clerk, Henry E. Davies ; treasurer, Henry R. Seymour; collector. James Higgins.
1827-Trustees, Benjamin Rathbun, Joseph D. Hoyt, William Hollister, Oliver Forward, Major A. Andrews; clerk, Henry E. Davies; treasurer, Henry R. Seymour ; collector, Leonard P. Crary.
1828-Trustees, Bela D. Coe, Anthony Beers, Joseph Clary. Hiram Pratt, Moses Baker: clerk, George P. Barker; treasurer, Henry R. Seymour; collector, James Higgins.
1829-Trustees, Joseph Clary, Hiram Pratt, Bela D. Coe, Moses Baker, Anthony
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Beers; clerk, George P. Barker; treasurer, Henry R. Seymour; collector, David E. Merrill.
1830-Trustees, Moses Baker, Theodore Coburn, John W. Clark, Joseph Clary, William Ketchum; clerk, George P. Barker; treasurer, Henry R. Seymour; collector, David E. Merrill.
1831-Trustees, Bela D. Coe, Moses Baker, John W. Clark, James Sheldon, Theo- dore Coburn ; clerk, Elijah Ford; treasurer, Henry R. Seymour; collector, David E. Merrill.
1832-Trustees, John W. Clark, William S. Waters, Cyrus Athearn, John D. Hearty, James Sheldon ; clerk, Elijah Ford; treasurer, Henry R. Seymour ; collector, Gilman Smith. These officials held office only until the organization of the city government in May.
CITY.
Mayors .- 1832, Ebenezer Johnson; 1833, Major A. Andrews; 1834, Ebenezer John- son ; 1835, Hiram Pratt; 1836, Samuel Wilkeson; 1837, Dr. Josiah Trowbridge (resigned December 22, 1837, and Pierre A. Barker, elected); 1838, Ebenezer Walden; 1839, Hiram Pratt; 1840, Sheldon Thompson (the first mayor elected by the people); 1841, Isaac R. Harrington ; 1842, George W. Clinton; 1843, Joseph G. Masten ; 1844, William Ketchum; 1845, Joseph G. Masten; 1846, Solomon G. Haven ; 1847, Elbridge G. Spaulding; 1848, Orlando Allen ; 1849, Hiram Barton ; 1850, Henry K. Smith ; 1851, James Wadsworth; 1852, Hiram Barton; 1853-55, Eli Cook; 1856-57, Frederick P. Stevens; 1858-59, Timothy T. Lockwood; 1860-61, Franklin A. Alberger; 1862-65, William G. Fargo; 1866-67, Chandler J. Wells; 1868-69, William F. Rogers; 1870-73, Alexander Brush; 1874-75, Louis P. Dayton; 1876-77, Philip Becker; 1878-79, Solo- mon Scheu; 1880-81, Alexander Brush; 1882, Grover Cleveland (resigned November 20, 1882, having been elected governor of the State, and Marcus M. Drake was appointed to the vacancy by the council; a special election was ordered January 9, 1883. Mr. Drake in the mean time, resigned December 29, 1882, and Harmon S. Cutting was appointed to the vacancy ; at the special election, John B. Manning was chosen for Mayor Cleveland's unexpired term); 1884-85, Jonathan Scoville ; 1886-89, Philip Becker; 1890-94, Charles F. Bishop; 1895-97, Edgar B. Jewett; 1898, incum- bent, Dr. Conrad Diehl.
City Clerks .- 1832, Dyre Tillinghast; 1833-34, Elijah J. Roberts; 1835, Theodotus Burwell; 1836. Elbridge G. Spaulding: 1837-39, Theodore C. Peters; 1840, Squire S. Case; 1841-44, John T. Lacy; 1845, Joseph Stringham; 1846, M. Cadwallader; 1847-49, Jesse Walker; 1850, Horatio Seymour, jr .; 1851, William L. G. Smith; 1852-55, Roswell L. Burrows; 1856-58. William H. Albro; 1859-60, Charles S. Macomber; 1861, Otis F. Presbry; 1862-66, Charles S. Macomber; 1867, J. D. Hoyt Chamberlain; 1868, Charles S. Macomber; 1869-70, George S. Wardwell; 1871, Thomas R. Clinton; 1872-74, Walter C. Winship; 1875-76, Rensselaer D. Ford; 1877, Francis F. Fargo; 1878-80, William P. Burns; 1881, Francis F. Fargo; 1882-85, William P. Burns; 1886-89, William E. Delaney; 1890-93, Charles R. Marshall; 1894-97, Mark S. Hubbell.
Treasurers .- 1832-33, Henry R. Seymour; 1834-35, Henry Root; 1836, A. J. Douglass; 1837-38, Hamlet D. Scranton; 1839, William Moore; 1840, John R. Lee; 1841, William Williams; 1842, John R. Lee; 1843, George C. White; 1844, Robert
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Pomeroy; 1845, William Lovering; 1846, James Crooker; 1847-49, John R. Lee; 1850, Daniel G. Marcy; 1851, Cyrenius C. Bristol; 1852-53, George R. Kibbe; 1854-55, John R. Evans; 1856-57, William L. G. Smith; 1858-59, C. A. W. Sherman; 1860-61, John S. Trowbridge; 1862-63, Joseph C. Tyler; 1864-65, John Hanavan; 1866-67, Joseph Churchyard; 1868-71, Joseph L. Haberstro; 1872-75, Joseph Bork; 1876-77, Henry D. Keller; 1878-79, Eugene Bertrand, jr .; 1880-83, Joseph Ball; 1884-87, James H. Carmichael; 1888-89, Alphonse J. Meyer; 1890-95, Robert Oehmig; 1896- 97, Philip Gerst.
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