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Gc 977.102 C49g v.2 1248132
GENEALOGY COLLECTION
GEN
ALLEN COUNTY PUBLIC LIBRARY 3 1833 02481 0753
J
CINCINNATI
THE QUEEN CITY
1788-1912
By REV. CHARLES FREDERIC GOSS
ILLUSTRATED BY A. O. KRAEMER
VOLUME II
THE S. J. CLARKE PUBLISHING COMPANY CHICAGO CINCINNATI 1912
"
CONTENTS
BOOK II.
1248132
CHAPTER VI.
THE GERMANS IN CINCINNATI.
GERMANS AMONG THE FIRST SETTLERS- GENERAL DAVID ZIEGLER SUCCEEDS GEN- ERAL ST. CLAIR IN COMMAND AT FORT WASHINGTON AND WAS THE MAYOR OR PRESIDENT OF CINCINNATI IN 1802-MARTIN BAUM NOTED PIONEER CAME WEST WITH JOHN CLEVES SYMMES-GERMANS PROMINENT IN CINCINNATI'S EVERY 9 ACTIVITY
CHAPTER VII.
JUDAISM IN CINCINNATI.
TO THE JEWS CINCINNATI THE PIONEER CITY OF THE WEST-MAGNIFICENT CHURCHES OF THE CHILDREN OF ISRAEL-ISAAC M. WISE AND OTHER NOTED RABBIS-THE HEBREW UNION COLLEGE AND KINDRED INSTITUTIONS-HOMES FOR THE AGED- HOMES FOR CHILDREN-BENEFACTORS AND THEIR BOUNTEOUS LARGESSES-CLUBS-SOCIETIES, ETC. 2I
CHAPTER VIII.
PUBLIC SAFETY.
VILLAGE COUNCIL IN 1803 PROVIDES FOR A NIGHT WATCHMAN-FIVE DOLLARS FINE FOR DECLINING TO ACT-FIRST MARSHAL JAMES SMITH IN 1802-LAWRENCE M. HAZEN FAMOUS DETECTIVE, A POLICE LIEUTENANT IN 1855 AND CHIEF OF POLICE IN 1869 - POLICE STATIONS AND THEIR EQUIPMENT - RELIEF AND BENEVOLENT ASSOCIATIONS-POLICE LIBRARY-FIRE DEPARTMENT-PRIMITIVE METHODS AND APPARATUS-GREAT AND BITTER RIVALRY BETWEEN VOLUNTEER FIRE COMPANIES-HEALTH DEPARTMENT-WATERWORKS. 53
iii
Southern- 27,50 (hard
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CONTENTS
CHAPTER IX.
THE RIVER.
LA BELLE RIVIERE MAINLY USED BY THE EARLY IMMIGRANTS-FIRST PACKET BOATS MADE REGULAR TRIPS BETWEEN CINCINNATI AND PITTSBURGH EVERY FOUR WEEKS-BARGEMEN AND FLATBOATMEN-PERILS OF THE RIVER AND "LINGO" OF THE BOATMEN-THE "MUSKINGUM" CLEARS FROM CINCINNATI FOR LIVERPOOL IN 1844-TRAFFIC ON THE RIVER IN 1869 AMOUNTED TO $160,000,000-NINE- .91 FOOT LEVEL AND FERNBANK DAM.
CHAPTER X.
THE POSTOFFICE.
THE PRIMITIVE POSTOFFICE A VERY RUDIMENTARY AFFAIR- ABNER N. DUNN KEPT THE FIRST POSTOFFICE IN HIS LOG CABIN ON SECOND STREET-FIRST MAILS CAR- RIED BY A POST RIDER-POSTAGE ON LETTERS TWENTY-FIVE CENTS IN COIN- POSTMASTERS AND POSTOFFICE BUILDINGS. II7
CHAPTER XI.
BENCH AND BAR.
DESCRIPTION OF THE COUNTY'S FIVE COURTHOUSES-FIRST COURTS AND JUDGES- RIDING THE CIRCUIT-PIONEER LAWYERS OF GREAT ABILITY-JUDGE JACOB BURNET, BELLAMY STORER, CHARLES HAMMOND-NOTED CASES-SALMON P. CHASE-JUDGE GEORGE HOADLY- ALPHONSO TAFT-WILLIAM H. TAFT-STANLEY MATTHEWS-AARON F. PERRY-GEORGE E. PUGH-RUFUS KING-WILLIAM HAINES LYTLE-WILLIAM S. GROESBECK-GEORGE H. PENDLETON-JOSEPH B. FORAKER-JUDSON HARMON AND MANY OTHERS-THE COURTS-LAW LIBRARY- LAW SCHOOL OF CINCINNATI-BAR ASSOCIATION-THE BAR OF TODAY. . 133
CHAPTER XII. BANKS AND BANKERS.
BANKS ESTABLISHED IN CINCINNATI OVER A CENTURY AGO-SOME OF THE FIRST FINANCIAL CONCERNS-BRANCH OF THE UNITED STATES BANK-SCARCITY OF COIN AND SUSPENSIONS OF SPECIE PAYMENT-WILDCAT AND NECESSITY MONEY -THE CITY'S MANY BANKS AND THEIR BEAUTIFUL HOMES-NOTED MEN OF THE MONEY WORLD I7I
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CONTENTS
CHAPTER XIII.
MEDICAL CINCINNATI.
THE PIONEER PHYSICIAN AND THE HARDSHIPS HE ENDURED-FIRST KNOWN DISCIPLE OF ESCULAPIUS A SURVEYOR KILLED BY THE INDIANS-DR. DRAKE THE MOST NOTED PIONEER WHO WRITES OF HIS TIME ENTERTAININGLY-MEDICAL COLLEGES-LIBRARIES-SOCIETIES-HOSPITALS. 215
CHAPTER XIV.
INSTITUTIONAL.
CINCINNATI'S BENEFICENCES NOT MENTIONED ELSEWHERE-FOUNDING AND MAIN- TENANCE OF HOSPITALS AND ELEEMOSYNARY INSTITUTIONS-THE MUNICIPAL CORPORATION NOTED FOR ITS CHARITIES-BEAUTIFUL BUILDINGS-LARGE- HEARTED AND GENEROUS MEN AND WOMEN OF THE CITY.
.
. . 275
CHAPTER XV. INDUSTRIES.
FIRST ENTERPRISE IN CINCINNATI THE MANUFACTURE OF EARTHENWARE-THE PIONEER SAWMILL AND GRIST MILL-DISTILLERIES AND BREWERIES SOON IN THE FIELD-GREAT MARKET FOR FURS, TOBACCO AND PORK-ACQUIRES THE NAME OF "PORKOPOLIS" -- IN 1880 CINCINNATI HAD THIRTY HUNDRED MANUFACTUR- ING ESTABLISH MENTS 327
CHAPTER XVI.
INDUSTRIES CONTINUED.
CHAMBER OF COMMERCE AND MERCHANTS' EXCHANGE-INDUSTRIAL BUREAU AND COMMERCIAL ASSOCIATION-GROWTH OF TRADE AND MANUFACTURING MANY FOLD IN LAST DECADE-TRADE EXCURSION TO THE SOUTH -. PROPOSED THIRTY MILLION DOLLAR TERMINAL-MERCHANTS AND MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION -BUREAU OF MUNICIPAL RESEARCH. 349
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CONTENTS
CHAPTER XVII.
EDUCATIONAL.
PRIMITIVE SCHOOLS AND PEDAGOGUES-THE UNIVERSITY OF CINCINNATI-FAMOUS EDUCATORS-LIBRARIES-GREEK LETTER FRATERNITIES- HUGHES AND WOOD- WARD HIGH SCHOOLS OF NATIONAL REPUTE-THEIR HISTORY-COMMERCIAL COLLEGES-THE OHIO MECHANICS' INSTITUTE-KINDERGARTENS. . 377
CHAPTER XVIII.
LIBRARIES.
FIRST LIBRARY IN NORTHWEST TERRITORY FOUNDED IN CINCINNATI IN 1802-LEWIS KERR THE FIRST LIBRARIAN-MILLIONS OF BOOKS FOR FREE DISTRIBUTION-THE PUBLIC, LAW, MEDICAL AND OTHER LIBRARIES-SIX CARNEGIE BRANCH LIBRARIES IN THE CITY AND MORE TO COME. 419
CHAPTER XIX.
CULTURE OF THE CITY.
CINCINNATI A GENEROUS PATRON OF MUSIC AND THE FINE ARTS-ITS NOTED SCULPTORS, PAINTERS, POETS, ENGRAVERS AND ARCHITECTS-THE ART MUSEUM -THE SAENGERFEST-WORLD FAMOUS MAY FESTIVALS-MUSICAL SOCIETIES- SPRINGER MUSIC HALL-ROOKWOOD, ETC. 439
CHAPTER XX.
LITERATURE, JOURNALISM AND PUBLISHING.
DR. DANIEL DRAKE FIRST IN THE FIELD OF LETTERS-EDWARD D. MANSFIELD AND BENJAMIN DRAKE COLLABORATE ON A HISTORY OF CINCINNATI IN 1826-CIST AND ROBERT CLARKE OFTEN QUOTED AS LOCAL HISTORIANS-SALMON P. CHASE WRITES PIONEER HISTORY OF OHIO-NAMES OF WRITERS ARE LEGION-GENERAL WILLIAM LYTLE, CARY SISTERS, THOMAS BUCHANAN READ, HARRIET BEECHER STOWE, WILLIAM HENRY VENABLE, THE PIATTS-NEWSPAPERS AND PERIOD- ICALS AND THEIR FOUNDERS-NOTED JOURNALISTS-PUBLISHERS 481
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CONTENTS
CHAPTER XXI.
CLUBS AND SOCIETIES.
NUMEROUS ARE THE CLUBS OF CINCINNATI-ALUMNI OF HARVARD ORGANIZED THE CLUB OF THAT NAME IN 1869-MANY OTHER ALMA MATER ASSOCIATIONS-POLIT- ICAL, COUNTRY, COMMERCIAL AND SOCIAL CLUBS-WOMAN'S CLUB-WOMAN'S PRESS CLUB 517
CHAPTER XXII.
SUBURBS AND NEIGHBORING VILLAGES.
SUBURBS OF CINCINNATI HER CROWNING GLORY-NO ANNEXATIONS TO THE CITY UNTIL 1848-COVINGTON AND NEWPORT ACROSS THE RIVER-ST. BERNARD AND ELMWOOD SURROUNDED ON ALL SIDES BY CINCINNATI-NORTH BEND HOME OF GENERAL WILLIAM HENRY HARRISON. 527
MONUMENT ERECTED IN LINWOOD CEMETERY IN HONOR OF THE FIRST SETTLERS IN CINCINNATI
CHAPTER VI.
THE GERMANS IN CINCINNATI.
GERMANS AMONG THE FIRST SETTLERS-GENERAL DAVID ZIEGLER SUCCEEDS GEN- ERAL ST. CLAIR IN 'COMMAND AT FORT WASHINGTON AND WAS THE MAYOR OR PRESIDENT OF CINCINNATI IN 1802-MARTIN BAUM NOTED PIONEER CAME WEST WITH JOHN CLEVES SYMMES-GERMANS PROMINENT IN CINCINNATI'S EVERY ACTIVITY.
The German element has been, and is, so notable a portion of the life and progress of this city as to require separate treatment. From the first days of the town there were Germans here. Later they came in great numbers. Certain of the early Germans were born in eastern states of this land, while some came from the old world. Later, in the forties during revolutionary troubles in Ger- many the Germans came hither in large numbers.
The important pioneer Denmann was a German-American, from Strasburg, Pennsylvania.
After St. Clair's defeat, and during his absence in Philadelphia, David Ziegler took St. Clair's place on the frontier, taking command at Fort Washington. "Gen- eral Ziegler," says A. B. Faust, in "The German Element in the United States," reestablished a sense of security among the settlers. Every inch a soldier, and the ablest of the officers under St. Clair, he was the latter's choice for the po- sition of defending the frontier at this trying period. He was a native of Heidel- berg, Germany, born in 1748, and had served in the Russo-Turkish wars and then immigrated to America, settling at Lancaster, Pennsylvania, in 1775. He had been among the very first to enlist during the Revolution, serving in the first regiment of Pennsylvania in the Continental line, which became the second regi- ment enrolled under Washington's banner. In the Revolutionary service he had the reputation of being second to none as a disciplinarian. His subsequent career as an Indian fighter was noteworthy. He took part in the defense of Fort Har- mar, (Marietta) at various times; of Fort Finney at the mouth of the Great Miami; he was in the expedition of General George Rogers Clark against the Kickapoos on the Wabash; and, in 1790, in Harmar's expedition on the Upper Miami. He was not present in the fatal encounter on the Wabash, having been detached for special service. After the battle, through watchfulness and en- forcement of discipline, Ziegler succeeded in getting the remnants of the re- treating army back into Fort Washington. The woods being full of Indians, he began at once the' task of clearing them, at the same time adopting energetic measures for the protection of the inhabitants of the Ohio valley. He thereby
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became the hero of the day and the favorite officer of the army in the Ohio dis- trict.
"St. Clair had, by his assignment of Ziegler to this office, placed the latter over the heads of the ranking officers, Wilkinson, Butler and Armstrong. This created bad feeling against Ziegler, particularly on the part of Wilkinson, whose resourcefulness at intriguing became notorious subsequently in the affair of Aaron Burr. Ziegler was made the victim of false charges, accused of drunk- enness and insubordination to Secretary of War General Knox. Ziegler there- upon resigned from the army, but retained his enviable place in the hearts of the settlers of the Ohio valley. When Cincinnati was incorporated, he was elected the first mayor, or president, in 1802. In the following year he was reelected unanimously in recognition of his able defense of the settlement in 1791 and 1792, and as a recompense for unjust treatment on the part of the government."
While the Indian wars were in progress, there were many Germans who won reputation as scouts and Indian fighters. The most famous of these was Lewis Wetzel. In the early settlement of Cincinnati there were but few Germans but these had much influence. It was about 1830 that the large increase of German population in Cincinnati began. In 1830, only five per cent of the population was German. In 1840 there were twenty-three per cent. In 1850 there were twenty-seven per cent; in 1860, thirty per cent; in 1869, thirty-four per cent; in 1900, over forty-one per cent.
The first German colony in the Miami valley was on the banks of the Little Miami, in 1795, the site being near the present Milford. Christian Waldschmidt, native of Baden, coming by way of Montgomery county, Pennsylvania, brought the colony. It had a tract three miles by two. Barns, mills, forges and houses were quickly erected, and then arose the first paper mill in Ohio. The Western Spy in 1811 advertised "Store keepers and printers may be supplied with all kinds of paper at the store of Baum and Perry, Cincinnati, or at the mill."
Other German settlers came in 1796-7 and 1798. The first were from Baden; the later companies were from Pennsylvania. Waldschmidt, who died in 1814, left property worth $48,000.
While there were large settlements, from 1820 to 1835, of Germans to the northward, as in Montgomery county, in Dayton and Germantown, and indeed in all the counties between Cincinnati and Toledo, there was a large German element in the Ohio valley.
Gross and Dietrich, manufacturers, who came to America in 1828, built the Dayton & Michigan railroad from Dayton to Toledo, one hundred and forty three miles, at the cost of about three million dollars, out of their own pockets.
Up to 1850, the Irish immigration to the United States exceeded the German influx. From 1841 to 1850, the German immigration was about twenty-four per cent, while the Irish was forty-two per cent of the total. From 1851 to 1860 the German immigration surpassed all others. It so continued until 1890, when Slavic and Italian immigrations surpassed all others. The height of the German immigration was during the revolutionary troubles in Germany in 1848 and on- ward. After our Civil war, there was another great German immigration up to 1873. This was the period of the wars of Prussia.
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CINCINNATI-THE QUEEN CITY
Edward A. Steiner in The Outlook, January 31st, 1903, writing on "The German Immigrant in America," says the earliest German immigrants from 1682 on were idealists, but the later ones were not. In 1848, when the breath of freedom grew into a wind-storm, there came involuntary immigrants, political exiles of whom Carl Schurz is the best known, if not the best example. They were all educated men, many of them real scholars, and whatever culture there is among the Germans today in our cities is in a large measure due to their in- fluence and example. They and their descendants are our real German aris- tocracy, and in the German centers of Cincinnati and Milwaukee they form the select society."
Albert B. Faust says: "In the city of Cincinnati, the German residents were also the pioneers and performers of music. In 1852, a Cincinnati paper speaks of the city's musical place as follows: 'As far as we know, there is no society in the city out of the ranks of our German friends.' The Männerchöre of Cin- cinnati were vigorous and progressive and had held a national Sängerfest in 1846. A new organization, the Cecilia society, destined to increase the interest and appreciation of music, was largely composed of cultivated Germans, until the effort was made by them to obtain members representative not exclusively of one but of all elements of the population. Subsequently, a number of other musical associations were founded, Hans Balatka and C. Borus being at various times connected with them. After these beginnings, Cincinnati soon got the reputation of a musical city, famous for her musical festivals."
Martin ·Baum, born at Hagerstown, Md., June 15, 1765, became one of the chief forces in the early development of Cincinnati. His father died when he was two years old, leaving two children, Jacob, aged four, and Martin. Mr. Baum, in his later years, was fond of relating his various adventures when a youth, crossing the Allegheny Mountains with the sutlers' trains of supplies to Wayne's army, and then fighting the Indians in the Northwest Territory. He was afterward engaged in surveying in New Jersey, and is supposed to have come west with a surveying party, probably with John Cleves Symmes. His great tact and judgment in selecting the finest localities in southwestern Ohio would seem to indicate that he profited by the knowledge thus acquired. Witness his selection of the Yellow Springs, Greene county, where he once owned three or four sections ; also lands near Miamisburg; and again five or six miles above Hamilton, Butler county, where he located his mother and his half-brothers.
He selected Cincinnati for his future residence in 1795, and from that time to his death, he was one of the most prominent, energetic, and enterprising of her citizens. He married in November, 1804, Miss Ann Wallace, sister of Judge Burnet, at whose house the wedding took place, in their then new brick house, where the Burnet house stands. Mr. Baum immediately built a brick residence on Front street, northwest corner of Sycamore street, his place of business being a' log house, weather boarded, right on the corner, his garden running back about two hundred feet to the residence of his brother-in-law Samuel Perry.
Mr. Baum engaged in everything that would advance the prosperity of Cincin- nati; owned an interest in the first steamboats, on one of which D. K. Cady was clerk ; in the first steam flour mill, located at the foot of Broadway; in shipping produce to New Orleans and bringing back in his barges sugar, coffee, tea, and
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CINCINNATI-THE QUEEN CITY
all groceries; with Judge Burnet, in the first sugar refinery, of which Jacob Guelick was manager and afterward owner. He was for some time president of the Miami Exporting Company .Bank; was the first mayor; was interested in the first public library; the Cincinnati College; was president of the building committee of the Second Presbyterian church, (now torn down) on Fourth street, between Vine and Race streets; was much interested in the construction of the Miami canal; he was president of the companies that selected and bought, at the land office in Wooster in 1817, the lands on which Fremont, Maumee city and Toledo are now located. He built, in 1820-23, the large house east of Pike street, afterward owned by Nicholas Longworth, afterward the residence of David Sinton. After such an active and useful life, Mr. Baum became involved, through indorsements and losses, and saw a large part of his fortune swept away. He died December 14, 1831, during an epidemic of influenza, which carried off a number of citizens. He left a widow and six children, four sons and two daughters.
Christian Burkhalter was another illustrious German of the first quarter of the 19th century in this city. He had been the secretary of Prince Blucher. He was born in Neu Wied and came to America in 1816. He entered the Shaker community at Union village, Warren county, Ohio, in 1820. When the Duke of Weimar was in this country in 1826 he visited Burkhalter at Union village. Burkhalter forsook Shakerdom, came to Cincinnati and in 1837 established West- licher Merkur, and conducted it until 1841. The name was then changed to Der Deutsche im Westen, and it was edited by Burkhalter and Hofle. Later in that year Rudolph von Maltiz took charge of the paper and named it Ohio Volksfreund. Burkhalter now became a silent partner in the Chronicle, editor by Pugh, Hofle and Hubbell. In 1836 Burkhalter had assisted James G. Birney in issuing the Philanthropist, the noted Abolitionist paper.
Albert von Stein, a capable engineer, arrived in Cincinnati in 1817. He was the builder of the Cincinnati waterworks. Later he went to Philadelphia where he worked for a time in illustrating Wilson's Illustrated Ornithology. He con- structed the waterworks at Richmond and Lynchburg, Virginia, the Appomatox Canal, near Petersburg, Virginia, and the waterworks at Nashville, New Or- leans and Mobile. He died in 1876, aged eighty-four years.
The Rev. Dr. Friedrich Reese was the first German Catholic priest in Cin- cinnati in 1825. He was born at Vianenburg, near Hildesheim. He became the Catholic bishop of Detroit. He founded in Cincinnati the Athenaeum, which was at first a scientific school and later came into the possession of the Jesuit Society and was transformed into the St. Xavier College. Dr. Reese was a very able and scholarly man.
The earliest German Protestant ministers in this city were Jakob Gulich, Jo- seph Zaslein and Ludwig Heinrich Meyer.
The Germans appeared in religious journalism in the thirties. In 1837, the Wahrheits-Freund began to be published by the German Catholics, being the earliest Catholic paper of the land. Der Protestant was under the management of George Walker. In 1838 a Methodist paper, Der Christliche Apologete was edited by Wilhelm Nast.
Dr. Wilhelm Nast was born July 18th, 1807 and studied at Tübingen. In 1828 he came to America, was a private tutor in New York for a time, taught
THE TYLER DAVIDSON FOUNTAIN
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CINCINNATI-THE QUEEN CITY
German at the West Point military academy in 1831-32. He became a Methodist and then taught the classics in several colleges. He was the organizer of Ger- man Methodism in Ohio. He established and edited Der Christliche Apologete and then the paper for young people called Sonntagschul-Glocke. By means of his German Methodist papers, Dr. Nast aided the Germans who became Metho- dists in the preservation for themselves of their language and their habits of thought. Dr. Nast advised many of the young men under his influence to at- tend the German universities and thus brought them still more under German influences.
Of secular German papers, the first that appeared here was Die Ohio Chronik, 1826, a weekly that proved short-lived. In 1832, a German campaign paper, on the whig side, was issued by Karl von Bonge, Albert Lange and Heinrich Brach- mann. The Weltbürger came out October 7, 1834. Its editor was Hartmann ; at first it was anti-democratic ; it soon passed into charge of Benjamin Boffinger, who renamed it Der Deutsche Franklin and advocated Van Buren, the democratic candidate. The Franklin was recaptured by the whigs before the election. The Volksblatt was quickly established by the democrats as their organ. The editor was Heinrich Rodter, who was born in 1805 at Neustadt. Having served in the Bavarian light cavalry, he then studied law for a time. Catching the revolu- tionary spirit then active in the Rhine provinces, he came under the influence of journalists and leaders of the revolutionary party. Being in danger of arrest, he came to Cincinnati in 1832. He soon after went to Columbus and became manager of a German democratic paper. Coming again to Cincinnati, he edited the Volksblatt from 1836 to 1840.
A German society was founded in this city in 1834. A meeting of two hun- dred Germans was held in the city hall July 31st of that year. A resolution was passed stating that "as citizens of the United States we can take that part in the people's government which our duty and right commands, and that through reciprocal aid we may mutually assure ourselves of a better future, to assist those in need, and to secure generally those charitable aims which are impossible to the single individual." Heinrich Rodter, Karl Libeau, Johann Meyer, Ludwig Rehfuss, Solomon Menken, Daniel Wolff, Karl Wolff were among the leaders of this movement. Rodter became the president of the society. Rodter was also influential in organizing the German Lafayette Guard, 1836, and was its first captain.
Rodter became a member of the city council and was generally esteemed throughout the city. Having sold the Volksblatt in 1840, he left Cincinnati for a time but soon returned, took up the further study of law, and became a mem- ber of the legislature of this state in 1847-48. For a time he then practiced law, but in 1850 he purchased the Ohio Staats Zeitung, renaming it the Demokratisches Tageblatt. He died in 1857.
When in 1832, there was a large emigration from Wurtemberg, Karl Gustav Rumelin, or Reemelin, whose father was a business man of Heilbronn, desired to start for America. He was born in 1814, had attended school in Heilbronn and then entered his father's office. Having obtained his father's consent, he left home, arriving in Philadelphia in August, 1832. There he did such work as he could find. He became an enthusiastic admirer of Jackson, and, after
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CINCINNATI-THE QUEEN CITY
the former fashion of many Europeans, identified the word Democracy with advocacy of the republic and the rival party with aristocracy. After a year in Philadelphia, he started westward. Cholera appeared on the boat by which he came from Pittsburgh to Cincinnati, and on his arrival at Cincinnati he was seized by this sickness, but fortunately his case proved a light one.
Rumelin found work in a store and began his career in Cincinnati. He took an active part in politics, was among the founders of the German society, and entered into the public life of the city in general. Rumelin was interested in the founding of the Volksblatt, the printing plant of the paper occupied, rent free, a room in the building where Rumelin did business, and he learned the printer's art and even at times carried the paper himself. He became a member of the legislature in 1844 and '46, and of the state senate in 1846. He was a member of the Ohio Constitutional Convention in 1850-51. He visited Germany several times, and sent his son to a German university. He took a deep interest in polit- ical matters for many years, but at the time of the presidential campaign of 1860 he retired to country life. He had charge in 1871 and 1872 of the Deutscher Pionier. He was the democratic candidate in 1879 for auditor of the state, but was defeated. He wrote an important book on "Politics as a Science."
Emil Klauprecht, born in Mainz in 1815, arrived in America in 1832, made his home for a time in Kentucky and then came to Cincinnati in 1837. Follow- ing lithography for a time, he then took up journalism, and in 1843 founded the Fleigende Blätter, the first illustrated German paper in this country. He later became editor of the Republikaner, a whig paper. He was the author of a vol- ume called, in translation, the "German Chronicle in the History of the Ohio Valley." He also wrote several romances. From 1856 to 1864 he was employed on the Volksblatt. He was appointed consul at Stuttgart and held that position until 1869. Later, he became a correspondent from that city for various German journals in this country, among them the Volksblatt. During his career in this city he exercised much influence.
Heinrich von Martels was born in 1803, at Castle Dankern, in Arenberg-Mep- pen. He studied in the college at Osnabruck, became a cadet in the cavalry of Hanover. In 1822 he was a second lieutenant of Curassiers. Having become captain in an infantry regiment he received a leave of absence and traveled in 1832 with his father and brothers to the United States and settled in Missouri. In 1833 he went back to Germany for a time and gave himself up to study. Com- ing once more. to America in 1845, he invested his money in Colorado and lost all he had, a comfortable fortune. He came to Cincinnati in 1850, worked for a number of years on the Volksfreund, spent some time on a farm, and again in 1860 returned to journalism. He was a fine linguist and became court inter- preter.
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