USA > Ohio > Hamilton County > Cincinnati > Cincinnati, the Queen City, 1788-1912, Volume II > Part 63
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The Western Tiller was an agricultural paper, was first issued August 25, 1826, and lived but a year.
The Cincinnati Chronicle was founded in 1826 by the Messrs. Buxton. It was edited by Benjamin Drake until 1834, when it was merged with the Cin- cinnati Mirror. In 1836 the Mirror was purchased by Flash and Ryder and was renamed the Chronicle. The paper ran down and was soon sold to Pugh and Dodd, with Benjamin Drake and E. D. Mansfield as editors. The Chronicle became a daily in 1839. It started with two hundred and fifty subscribers and at the end of a. year had six hundred. Benjamin Drake was one of the editors until 1840, when Mansfield became sole editor and remained so until 1848. He was again editor in 1850. Finally this paper was merged with the Gazette. Mansfield and Pugh were strong Whigs. They were also bitterly opposed to slavery and the liquor traffic.
Richard Smith began his career on the Chronicle, afterwards becoming editor of the Gasette and then of the Commercial Gazette.
The Gazette had a number of changes in its ownership and management from April 1827 onward. At that time Lodge left the paper. Ephraim Morgan, Brownlow Fisher and S. S. L'Hommedieu became its owners. Morgan and
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ENQUIRER
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THE CINCINNATI ENQUIRER
ENQUIRER
ADMINISTRATION BUILDING, CINCINNATI ENQUIRER
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Fisher retired June 1828, Lodge came back and Thomas Hammond entered the firm of Lodge, L'Hommedieu and Hammond. Presently, Hammond retired, and Lodge and L'Hommedieu were in control.
In 1830, the Advertiser was edited by Moses Dawson, with offices at the corner of Third and Main streets. After the building had been burned and re- built the name of the paper was changed to the Cincinnati Advertiser and Ohio Phoeni.r.
About this time the Republican was the property of Locker and Reynolds. The editor was Elijah Hayward; when he received an official appointment in Washington, Samuel J. Bayard became editor.
In 1828, the Crisis and Emporium ceased publication.
The Daily Commercial Register was revived in 1828 by S. S. Brooks and Edmond Harrison, but was issued for only three months.
The Commercial Advertiser was started as a daily in 1829 by Samuel J. Browne and Hooper Warren but soon went out of existence.
During the same year E. S. and Frederick Thomas founded a paper but slightly varying in name from the last mentioned, the Daily Commercial Ad- vertiser.
In 1834, the Democratic Intelligencer, a daily, weekly and semi-weekly paper, was issued for a short time by E. S. Thomas, John P. Dillon and L. S. Sharpe.
In 1835 the two Thomases issued for a brief space the Daily Evening Post. Truth's Advocate was an anti-Jackson campaign paper established and edited by Charles Hammond. The Friend of Reform and Corruption's Adversary was brought out by Moses Dawson as an antidote for the other. These two able men conducted the campaign with great bitterness, while personally friendly. The papers had a circulation of five thousand each.
In 1829 the daily papers were the Daily Gazette and the Daily Advertiser. The semi-weeklies were the National Republican and Advertiser. The weeklies were the Pandect, the Chronicle and Literary Gasette, Liberty Hall and Cin- cinnati Gazette, Western Tiller, and the Centincl.
In 1836 there were four dailies, the Gazette, the Republican, the Whig and the Evening Post. The Cincinnati Advertiser and Ohio Phoenix was a semi- weekly. The weeklies were Birney's Philanthropist, the Mirror, the Cincinnati Journal and Western Luminary, Cross and Baptist Journal, Western Christian Advocate, Peoples' Echo, German Franklin, and Farmer and Mechanic.
The Republican changed from a semi-weekly to a daily in January, 1831.
Richard F. L'Hommedieu became associated with the Gazette in September 1833. When James Lodge died in December, 1835, the firm became S. S. and R. F. L'Hommedieu. In 1834 the Gasette purchased the first power press used west of the Alleghany mountains. Its capacity was twenty thousand copies per hour. The second power press in Cincinnati was owned in 1835 by the book publishing establishment of Ephraim Morgan. In 1835 the Methodist Book Concern brought hither the first cylinder press.
In 1835 the Gazette established the first "Price Current" sheet in this city.
In 1835 the Gazette established the regular news express by which the president's message was brought to Cincinnati within sixty hours after publica- tion in Washington. The cost was two hundred dollars.
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The American was a weekly and semi-weekly that was started in 1830. In 1832 this paper advocated Henry Clay. April 17th of that year it was issued as a daily but did not long survive.
There were several papers started at this time that did not last long. The Daily Herald was issued for a time during 1833. During 1832 a Jackson cam- paign paper flourished. The Democratic Intelligencer, established March, 1834, was a McLean campaign paper, a daily, tri-weekly and weekly, but it did not live beyond the end of that year.
The Daily Whig was founded April 10, 1835 by J. F. Conover.
May 6, 1835, E. S. Thomas established the Daily Evening Post.
The People's Advocate, the Harrison campaign paper, was issued from May 1835 until November of that year.
The Advertiser merged with the Journal in 1839 and became the Advertiser and Journal.
The first penny paper in Cincinnati was the Western World. It was founded by William A. Harper in 1836, and for lack of financial backing ceased to exist after twenty-five issues.
The Peoples Echo was a Harrison campaign paper in 1836.
The Daily Express was established in 1837, and lived two years. Its plan was to provide commercial notices and news of Cincinnati markets.
The Chronicle, established as a daily in December 1839, was the first paper furnishing general election returns systematically tabulated.
The noted abolitionist paper The Philanthropist was founded by James G. Birney in April 1836 at New Richmond, Ohio, and after three months was brought to this city. It was published by Achilles Pugh. It had a subscription list of seven hundred. General opposition to it was quickly manifested. A mob gathered, unhindered by the authorities, and destroyed the printing office and the press. The plea was that the paper would alienate southern trade from the city. Public meetings were held to discuss the matter. Many of the most prominent citizens tried to dissuade the publishers from continuing the paper. The Abol- itionists asserted their rights. The paper did not again appear until September third. Pugh was announced as publisher and Birney as editor. The paper was issued from the corner of Seventh and Main streets, but it was actually printed in Warren county.
A considerable number of penny papers were issued in the Thirties but most of them had but a brief existence.
In 1840, the daily papers were the Gazette, the Republican, the Journal and the Advertiser, the Chronicle, the News, and the Morning Star. The weeklies were the Catholic Telegraph, the Western Christian Advocate and the Philan- thropist. The monthlies were the Western Temperance Journal, The Hesperian, Rose of the Valley and Family Magazine. The German papers were the Volks- blatt, the Friend of Truth, a Catholic weekly, and the Christian Apologist, a Methodist weekly.
The Spirit of the Times was a penny paper started in 1840, which soon be- came the Daily Times, direct ancestor of the Times-Star of today.
In the same year appeared other penny papers, most of which had a short existence.
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In 1842, W. D. Gallagher and George S. Bennett issued the Message, but after one month it was consolidated with the Enquirer.
In August 1843 the People's Paper was issued, but soon afterward it became the morning issue of the Evening Times.
March 5, 1841, John and C. H. Brough, who had owned the Ohio Eagle is- sued at Lancaster, bought the Advertiser and Journal. April 10, 1841, this firm issued the first copy of the Daily Cincinnati Enquirer. It was then an evening paper. The Enquirer was the first paper in Cincinnati to have a regular local column.
In 1846 there were in Cincinnati sixteen daily papers. Among these were the Gazette, Chronicle, Enquirer, Herald, Times, Commercial, four German papers, and several evening dailies.
Cist in "Cincinnati in 1851" speaks of fifty-three periodicals, ten of them dailies. In 1853 the dailies were the Columbian, Enquirer, Nonpareil, Times, Atlas, Commercial, Gazette, German Republican, Sun, Tageblatt, Volksblatt and Volksfreund.
In 1856 there were six English dailies, three German dailies, nineteen English weeklies, eight German weeklies, tri-weeklies, semi-weeklies, the Columbian, and many monthlies, semi-monthlies and quarterlies.
Cist gave a list for 1859 of fifty-three periodicals. Among these were the Cincinnati Gasette and Liberty Hall, the Enquirer, Times, and three German dailies.
In 1860 there were six English dailies and three German dailies. Among these were the Commercial, Enquirer, Gazette, Times, Courier, Press, Volkblatt, Volksfreund and Republikaner. There were twenty-five English weeklies and ten German weeklies. There were eight semi-monthlies, twenty-one monthlies and two quarterlies.
The Gazette, as claimed had as ancestor the Centinel of the Northwestern Territory. The name Gazette was first used here for a weekly sheet, issued July 13, 1815. December IIth of the same year Liberty Hall was merged with the Gazette. June 25, 1827 the first number of the daily Gazette was issued. The weekly was still called Gasette and Liberty Hall. Many years later, Richard Smith became connected with the Gasette and became one of the most noted journalists of the country. When the Gazette and Commercial were consolidated Smith became a member of the editorial staff of the Commercial-Gazette.
About 1894 the Tribune was started and was successful for three years. It was consolidated in 1897 with the Commercial Gazette, as the Commercial Tri- bune. The name Gasette was dropped.
The Cincinnati Commercial issued its first number October 2, 1843. It had a successful career of forty years. January 4, 1883 it was consolidated with the Gasette. March 9, 1853 Murat Halstead joined its staff.
The Enquirer is descended from the Phoenix which had been founded by the famous Moses Dawson. It is Democratic in politics, purveys news on a large scale, maintains its five cent price, has an immense circulation and is one of the best known papers in the land.
The Times-Star, an evening paper, is descended from the Times of 1821 and the Star which was founded in 1872. It is Republican in politics.
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The Cincinnati Post was founded in 1880, and is one of the Scripps-Macrae papers. It is independent in politics.
There are now, 1911, four daily German papers, the Volksblatt, the Volks- freund, the Freic Pressc and the evening edition the Taegliche Abend Presse.
The other dailies are the Cincinnati Daily Bulletin of Prices Current, the Financial and Commercial Bulletin, Live Stock Record, Price Current, Court Index, Trade Record, the Merchants' and Manufacturers' Hotel Reporter, and the Italian Press.
Die Ohio Chronik, a German weekly, began to be issued in 1826. In 1832 a German campaign paper was published. It was on the Whig side.
The Weltburger appeared in 1834. At first a Whig paper, it passed into the hands of a new owner who called it Der Deutsche Franklin and supported Van Buren. The Whigs again captured the paper just before election.
The Democrats then founded the Volksblatt.
A German paper, the Westlicher Merkur was established in 1837. It was later called Der Deutsche Im Wesen, and at last became the Volksfreund.
Wahrheit's Freund was a Catholic periodical. Other German periodicals were Der Protestant and Der Christliche Apologete. A child's paper was the Sonntag Schule Glocke.
The Fliegende Blaetter was established in 1843 by Emil Klauprecht and was the first illustrated German paper in this country. This paper was short-lived. After the decrease of this journal, Klauprecht established Der Republikaner, for some years the principal German paper in the west. From 1856 to 1864 he was on the Cincinnati Volksblatt.
The three German dailies in 1861 were the Volksblatt, Volksfreund and the Republikaner.
Cincinnati has had a full share of literary journals, many of which soon fell by the wayside. A few became well known. The Literary Cadet was the. pioneer literary paper of this city; it was issued first in the latter part of 1819 and lasted about six months.
The Olio was a semi-monthly, started in the early part of 1821, and lived about a year.
The Literary Gazette was started January 1, 1824, lived a year, was revived for a brief period and then ceased to be. It contained contributions from a num- ber of well known persons in this city, had three poems by Fitz Greene Halleck, and contained Thomas Pierce's satirical contributions "Horace in Cincinnati." These satires, which contained many personalities and censured the manners of the day, created a sensation at the time.
The Western Magasine and Review, which appeared May 1827, was pub- lished by W. M. Farnsworth and was edited by Timothy Flint. The heavy character of the articles in this magazine is supposed to have been responsible for the short life of the venture.
The Cincinnati Mirror was issued from 1830 to 1836 by W. D. Gallegher.
The Western Monthly Magasine was founded January 1833 by Judge James Hall. It had as contributors many noted persons of this region. It at last was combined with a publication in Louisville in 1837.
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The Shield was published by Richard C. Langdon before 1820. The Ladies Museum was issued by Joel T. Case.
The Family Magasine was launched in 1836 by Eli Taylor and survived for six years.
The Western Messenger was issued in Cincinnati June 1835 by the Western Unitarian Association, prospered for a number of years and disappeared in 1841. This magazine had a brilliant career, being edited at different times by Ephraim Peabody, James Freeman Clarke, William H. Channing and James H. Perkins, and having among its contributors the best writers of this vicinity. It printed a poem of Keats not before published, one by Oliver Wendell Holmes and sev- eral by Emerson. Margaret Fuller, W. E. Channing, Jones Very were among its contributors. Professor Venable declares the Western Messenger the har- binger of the noted Boston Dial.
In 1836, W. D. Gallegher began to issue the Western Literary Journal and Monthly Review; it was soon merged with the Western Monthly Magasine at Louisville and ceased to be. In Columbus, Gallegher started the Hesperian, or Western Monthly Magasinc, with both cities as its field. The later numbers were published in Cincinnati. From a literary point of view, the Hesperian was a successful publication.
One issue of the Western Ladies Book appeared August 1840 but no second number seems to have been forthcoming.
The Literary Register and the Literary News were two other journals at this time that seems to have had brief careers.
The Western Rambler appeared in 1844 but it survived only a brief space. The Western Literary Journal and Monthly Magasine came out in November 1844, the editors being Lucius A. Hine and E. C. Z. Judson, "Ned Buntline." Two issues appeared in Cincinnati; four others in Nashville ; publication ceased in April 1845. Lucius Hine the next January started the Quarterly Journal and Review, which went out of existence in April.
January 1847, Hine started the Herald of Truth, a monthly. Its scope in- cluded religion, philosophy, literature, science and art. It was discontinued in 1848.
The Great IVest was an ambitious journal started in 1848 by a number of Cincinnati editors and writers. It was merged in 1850 with the Weekly Columbian and was called the Columbian and Great West.
The Daily Columbian was an unsuccessful venture of short duration. Hine issued two numbers of the Western Quarterly Review in 1849. His financial backer, J. S. Hitchcock suddenly disappeared.
The Western Magasine, started in 1850, became the Western Lady's Book and survived for about ten years.
The Parlor Magasine appeared July 1853, had on its staff for a time Alice Cary, was merged with the West American Review, and its last two numbers were issued under the title of the West American Monthly.
The Ladies' Repository and Gatherings of the West, published by the Metho- dist Book Concern, had a large number of noted contributors among the best writers in the land, and flourished for thirty-six years. The National Repository then took its place.
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Pen and Pencil was a weekly magazine published in 1853 for a short time by W. M. Warden.
In 1853, the Genius of the West began publication. It was at first managed by Howard Durham, but Coates Kinney soon became the chief editor. He bought out Durham and took W. T. Coggeshall into partnership.
Durham then established another magazine, The New Western, the Original Genius of the West.
The Genius of the West prospered until July 1856.
The Dial was founded and issued throughout the year 1860. The editor was Moncure D. Conway, who wrote most of the matter himself, but Frothingham contributed his "Christianity of Christ," which ran through nine numbers, and Emerson contributed two essays and several poems, while some of Howells poems also appeared in this journal. The Dial made a distinct mark in this city.
There have been numerous magazines started here in later years but most of them have existed but for a brief time. A few, however, have lasted and suc- ceeded.
Sarby's A Periodical That's Different edited and owned by Howard Saxby and son, is a well established and popular monthly. It is made up of stories and special articles, many of the latter bearing upon business affairs and the prog- ress of the city and vicinity. The department of the magazine called "Saxby's Salmagundi" is noted for its humor. The two Saxbys are brilliant men.
Midland was a magazine that ran for about a year, in 1908 and 1909. It aimed to be a popular magazine of the Middle West, was composed of special articles on various interests in this region, with stories and poems. It was pub- lished and edited by E. Jay Wohlgemuth. It achieved some popularity and seemed to promise success but it did not prove a financial success and was dis- continued.
The Western Underwriter, the weekly publication of the insurance companies for the middle west, has a branch office in this city but the paper itself is issued in Chicago. The president of the company and one of the associate editors, E. Jay Wohlgemuth, has his offices in the Johnston building.
The Men and Women Magazine Company issues Men and Women, in addi- tion to other papers. Men and Women is a magazine of the Catholic church.
One of the earliest of the religious journals in this region was the Baptist Weekly Journal of the Mississippi valley. Its first issue was July 22, 1831. In 1834 another Baptist paper, published in Kentucky, called The Cross, was bought and combined with the former. In 1838 this publication was taken to Columbus, where it was issued for a decade under the name The Cross and Baptist Journal of the Mississippi Valley. The name was changed to Cross and Journal and then to The Western Christian Journal. Cincinnati again became its home; the Christian Messenger was merged with it, and the name became The Journal and Messenger.
In 1834 the Western Christian Advocate was founded. The Rev. T. A. Morris, afterwards Bishop Morris, was editor. This paper is one of the strong- est of the religious journals of the country.
The Western Methodist Book Concern, which issues the Advocate, also for some years published the Rev. William Nast's Christliche Apologete.
COMMERCIAL TRIBUNE BUILDING
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The Western Messenger was the brilliant exponent of Unitarianism. In 1831, a semi-monthly was called the Methodist Correspondent. In 1841 the Cincinnati Observer, a journal of the new school Presbyterians, was edited by the Rev. J. Walker and had a weekly circulation of thirteen thousand copies. At that time, the Western Episcopal Observer was edited by the Revs. C. Colton, W. Jackson, John T. Brooke and H. V. D. Johns and had a weekly circulation of fifteen hundred copies.
The Catholic Telegraph was at that date edited by the Rev. Edward Purcell. The Star in the West was the Universalist publication.
Religious monthlies were the Western Messenger, Unitarian, the Christian Preacher and The Evangelist, of the Church of the Disciples, and the Precursor, the organ of the New Jerusalem church. The Missionary Herald had a circu- lation of three thousand per month, and the Western Temperance Journal had a semi-monthly circulation of six thousand.
In 1846, other religious journals were the Presbyterian of the West, The True Catholic, the Mirror of Truth, a Swedenborgian publication, and the Or- thodox Preacher, church of the Disciples.
The editor of the Western Christian Advocate in 1851 was Dr. Matthew Simpson, while Dr. N. L. Rice edited the Presbyterian of the West, which was the journal of the Old School Presbyterians in this region, while the Central Christian Herald was the organ of the new school.
There had come into existence by this date the Golden Rule, the United Presbyterian and Evangelical Guardian, and the Pulpit, an organ of the As- sociate Reformed Presbyterian church.
In 1859, the editor of the Western Christian Advocate was Dr. Charles Kingsley. The Presbyter was edited by the Revs. G. H. Monfort and N. M. Wampler. The Rev. C. E. Babb had charge of the Central Christian Herald. The American Christian Review was edited by Benjamin Franklin of the Church of the Disciples. The Rev. Norman Badger was editor of the Western Epis- copalian. The New Church Herald, Swedenborgian, was edited by the Rev. Sabin Hough. The Catholic Telegraph was in charge of the Rev. Dr. Purcell and the Rev. S. H. Rosencrans.
The Israelite and Die Deborah were edited by the Revs. Isaac M. Wise and M. Lilienthal. There were also issued at that time the Sunday School Journal, Presbyterian Witness, Youth's Friend, Sunday School Advocate, Sunbeam and the Sonntag Schule Glocke.
At present, the Catholics are represented by the Catholic Telegraph, the Christ- tians by the Standard, Presbyterians by the Herald and Presbyter, the Hebrews by the American Israelite, Methodists by the Western Christian Advocate.
Of educational journals in this city, the Academic Pioneer was the first, appearing in July, 1831. It was a monthly, under the auspices of the College of Teachers. Only two issues were put forth.
The Common School Advocate was started in 1837 and lasted until 1841. In 1837 the Universal Advocate was also launched.
The Western Academician, edited by John W. Picket, began at the same time, was accepted as the organ of the Teachers' College, and appeared for twelve months.
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In 1838, in July, the Educational Disseminator began its brief career.
The School Friend was launched October, 1846, by the school book publish- ers W. B. Smith and Company. In 1848, Hazen White became the editor. Early in 1850, The Ohio School Journal, of Kirtland, and then of Columbus, was merged with this publication and was called The School Friend and Ohio School Journal. The magazine ceased to be in September, 1851.
The Western School Journal was a monthly dealing with educational af- fairs in the Mississippi Valley. W. H. Moore and Company backed it for some time without a paid subscription list.
The Ohio Teacher began a brief career May, 1859, was edited by Thomas Rainey and was issued from Cincinnati, Columbus and Cleveland.
The Journal of Progress in Education. School and Political Economy and the Useful Arts, appeared from January, 1860, to August, 1861. Elias Longley was the manager, while John Hancock, superintendent of the public schools of Cincinnati edited the educational columns.
The New's and Educator was published in 1864-66 by Nelson and Company, John Hancock and Richard Nelson being the editors.
In January, 1867, this magazine was succeeded by the Educational Times: An American Monthly Magazine of Literature and Education. Hancock only edited the first number.
The National Normal was begun in 1868 as the mouthpiece of the Normal school at Lebanon. The monthly edition appeared until October, 1874.
The Public School Journal began its career in 1870.
The selling of books and the publishing of the same began very early in the history of Cincinnati. Lexington, Kentucky, was in advance of this community with a printing press and newspaper. But in the matter of publishing books Cin- cinnati was probably ahead of Kentucky and was certainly in advance of all other places in the Northwest Territory.
In 1796 there was issued from W. Maxwell's press a book entitled "Laws of the Territory of the United States Northwest of the Ohio, adopted and made by the governor and judges in their legislative capacity, at a session begun on Friday, the twenty-ninth day of May, one thousand, seven hundred and ninety- five, and ending on Tuesday, the twenty-fifth day of August following, with an appendix of resolutions and the ordinance for the government of the territory. By authority. Cincinnati. Printed by W. Maxwell. MDCCXCVI."
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