USA > Ohio > Hamilton County > Cincinnati > Cincinnati, the Queen City, 1788-1912, Volume II > Part 34
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THE FIRST DISTRICT MEDICAL SOCIETY OF OHIO.
The First District Medical Society of Ohio was instituted by Dr. John Rogers and others in 1824, under a law creating twenty medical districts with a medical society for each. The law called for a "Convention of Delegates" to be the executive body. The first convention was held in 1827.
In 1829 Dr. Drake was president; Edwin A. Atlee, vice president; Vincent C. Marshall, corresponding secretary; James Warren, recording secretary; Melanchthon Rogers, treasurer; Isaac Hough, librarian. Dr. Wooley was for several years censor.
During the session of 1833-4, the legislature repealed the laws regulating the practice of medicine, and thus abolished the district societies and the Gen- eral Medical Society, which was composed of representatives from each district society.
THE CINCINNATI MEDICAL SOCIETY.
The Cincinnati Medical Society (second of the name) was founded March 4, 1831, and incorporated in February, 1833. In March, 1833, the following officers were elected: Landon C. Rives, president; John F. Henry, first vice president; Charles Woodward, second vice president; John T. Shotwell, treas- urer; William Wood, chairman; Stephen Bonner, secretary.
In 1835 its officers were: Landon C. Rives, president; Charles R. Cooper, first vice president; James M. Mason, second vice president; B. F. Williams, secretary ; Israel S. Dodge, librarian; Isaac Colby, curator of herbarium; John S. Riddell, curator of cabinet of minerals.
The society ceased to exist in 1838.
THE MEDICO-CHIRURGICAL SOCIETY OF CINCINNATI.
The Medico-Chirurgical Society of Cincinnati (second of the name) was instituted in 1848. The perturbed state of the profession in 1849 and 1850 nearly resulted in the dissolution of the society.
In 1850 Dr. Drake returned to the city. He immediately began the reorgani- zation of the society. Dr. Drake was made president; Stephen Bonner, first vice president; William Threlkeld, second vice president; George Mendenhall, recording secretary ; John A. Warder, corresponding secretary; Oliver M. Lang- don, treasurer; J. P. Walker, librarian.
The society flourished for a number of years. In 1857, when the academy was in process of formation, the society was asked to merge with the new
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organization. At first a number of members dissented, but through the efforts of Dr. R. R. McIlvaine the union was accomplished.
THE CINCINNATI -MEDICAL SOCIETY.
The Cincinnati Medical Society (third of the name) was organized Novem- ber 18, 1851. At the preliminary meeting Samuel A. Latta presided and John H. Tate acted as secretary.
At the first regular meeting Dr. Wolcott Richards was elected president; Dr. W. S. Ridgeley, vice president; Dr. N. T. Marshall, recording secretary ; Dr. John H. Tate, corresponding secretary ; Dr. N. S. Armstrong, treasurer.
The society during its eight years' existence enjoyed a high degree of prosperity.
The presidents after the first year were: John Locke (two years), Charles Woodward, George Fries, Israel Dodge, Thomas Carroll and Leonidas Moreau Lawson.
An unsuccessful attempt to merge the society with the Academy of Medicine was made at the founding of the latter organization. In 1860, however, when Dr. R. R. McIlvaine, the founder of the academy, returned from Paris, he speedily brought about the union.
THE ACADEMY OF MEDICINE OF CINCINNATI.
"At a meeting of the Medico-Chirurgical Society in February, 1857, Dr. R. R. McIlvaine, who had just returned from the east, told the members about the New York Academy of Medicine. He suggested that the interests of the profession and the community would be advanced by a similar organization here, and that the meetings should be held in a hall rented for the purpose rather than in the houses of the members."
The Academy of Medicine of Cincinnati was organized March 5, 1857, at a meeting held for that purpose in the lecture room of Bacon's building, at the northwest corner of Sixth and Walnut streets. The following gentlemen were present and took part in the organization: Stephen Bonner, Wm. Clendenin, Cornelius G. Comegys, Henry E. Foote, A. E. Heighway, C. B. Hughes, Alex. M. Johnson, Jesse P. Judkins, Wm. Judkins, R. R. McIlvaine, John A. Murphy, Reuben D. Mussey, Wm. H. Mussey, Joseph B. Smith, Edward B. Stevens, J. T. Webb, Elkanah Williams, John F. White.
Dr. J. B. Smith was elected temporary chairman and Dr. C. B. Hughes, secretary. After the adoption of the constitution the following gentlemen were elected to serve as officers during the ensuing year: R. D. Mussey, president ; J. B. Smith, first vice president; R. R. McIlvaine, second vice president ; C. B. Hughes, recording secretary; C. G. Comegys, corresponding secretary ; Wm. Clendenin, treasurer; J. P. Judkins, librarian.
On the evening of April 6, following the organization, the academy com- menced holding its meetings regularly in the lecture room of Bacon's building, which had been secured for that purpose at fifty dollars a year. It continued to meet there until March 7, 1859, when it began to hold its sessions at the office
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of Dr. J. F. White, northwest corner of Fourth and Race streets, over the drugstore of Stevens & Snyder. From there it removed, February 6, 1860, to the hall of the Dental college on College street.
At the regular meeting held May 4, 1857, Dr. R. D. Mussey, the venerable president, delivered his inaugural address. On account of advanced age and infirmity, he did not preside again during the year. The secretary, Dr. Hughes, thus sketches the address :
"Professor Mussey then proceeded to deliver his inaugural address, touch- ing upon what he understood to be the principal objects to be attained by the establishment of the academy, namely, the investigation and discussion of such subjects as vital statistics ; public and private hygiene; the adulteration of food ; progress of medicine and surgery; condition of the atmosphere in relation to epidemics ; original observations of disease; the encouragement of medical schol- arship, and of making the proceedings of the academy the basis of public opinion on matters pertaining to medicine. The doctor concluded by hoping that a love of truth would prevail over rivalry and dissension. It was this hope that had induced him to accept the honor that the academy had been pleased to bestow upon him."
At a meeting held March 8, 1858, the code of ethics of the American Med- ical Association was adopted.
At the same meeting Dr. C. B. Hughes offered the following resolution, which was adopted :
"Resolved, That a committee of three be appointed by the academy to con- fer with committees of the Cincinnati Medical Society and the Medico-Chirurgical Society-if these societies deem it proper to appoint such committees-upon the expediency of a union of them with the academy."
Drs. Almy, Clendenin and Hughes were appointed the committee.
On the evening of the 13th of the following September the committee, having reported that it had made no progress in accomplishing the object for which it had been appointed, was discharged.
The academy held its meetings monthly from the time of its organization until it removed to the hall of the Dental college, when it commenced holding weekly meetings-every Monday evening.
On the 30th of December, 1867, the academy was divided into seven sections, as follows :
I. Practical medicine.
2. Anatomy and surgery.
3. Obstetrics and diseases of women and children.
4. Materia medica, therapeutics and chemistry.
5. Pathology, general anatomy, morbid anatomy and physiology.
6. Medical Jurisprudence and Toxicology.
7. Hygiene.
At the regular meeting, held March 1, 1869 (a majority of all the members of the academy being present and voting in the affirmative), it was resolved that the academy be duly incorporated under the laws of the state of Ohio, and Drs. R. R. McIlvaine, J. J. Quinn and J. P. Walker were elected trustees.
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ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION.
(Received and recorded March 6, 1869.)
From the proceedings of the Academy of Medicine of Cincinnati, Hamilton county, State of Ohio, March 1, 1869, for the express purpose of taking a vote to become a body corporate under the laws of Ohio.
"It was now moved that the society become an incorporated body under the name of the Academy of Medicine of Cincinnati." The question being presented by the chairman, Dr. John Davis, was decided in the affirmative by an unani- mous vote, there being present fifty-nine (59) members, a majority of the enrolled members of the association. Three trustees, Dr. J. P. Walker. J. J. Quinn and R. R. McIlvaine were then elected to serve during the pleasure of the academy ; these gentlemen accepted the trust. The secretary, Dr. John L. Neilson, was instructed to have so much of the proceedings as was required for the consumma- tion of the act of incorporation entered at the recorder's office of Hamilton county, State of Ohio.
[Corporate Seal.]
JOHN DAVIS, M. D., President. JOHN L. NEILSON, M. D., Clerk.
HAMILTON COUNTY, STATE OF OHIO-SS.
I, Joseph T. Blair, recorder within and for the county aforesaid, do hereby certify the foregoing to be a true and correct copy of Articles of Incorporation from Academy of Medicine of the City of Cincinnati.
Received and recorded on the sixth day of March, 1869, in Church Book No. 2, page 348, Hamilton county, Ohio records.
In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand and affixed my official seal at Cincinnati, this ninth day of June, A. D., 1909.
[Seal.]
JOSEPH T. BLAIR, Recorder.
On the 25th of November, 1871, the academy removed to College hall, on Walnut street, above Fourth, and the time of meeting was changed to Saturday evening.
On the 5th of May, 1873, the academy again removed to Bacon's building, on the corner of Sixth and Walnut streets, and the meetings were again held on Monday evening.
On the 26th of January, 1874, the academy returned to the Dental college.
On the 28th of February, 1876, the sections were abolished and a committee on essays appointed.
On May I, 1882, the academy removed to Lancet hall, 199 and 201 West Seventh street.
On January 8, 1894, the academy moved to Lincoln hall, corner of Eighth and Race streets.
On April 8, 1895, the academy moved to Assembly hall, Odd Fellows' building.
On September 21, 1896, the academy moved to the Cincinnati Literary Club rooms, 25 East Eighth street.
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UNION OF THE VARIOUS MEDICAL SOCIETIES WITH THE ACADEMY OF MEDICINE.
On the 13th of February, 1893, an invitation was extended to the Cincinnati Medical Society, the Walnut Hills Medical Society and the Cincinnati Obstetrical Society to join the Academy of Medicine.
.
On the 27th of February, 1893, the following communication was received:
"CINCINNATI, February 23, 1893.
"T. V. FITZPATRICK, M. D., Secretary of the Academy of Medicine of Cincinnati. "DEAR DOCTOR :
"At the last meeting of the Cincinnati Medical Society, the invitation from the Academy of Medicine to this society to unite with the academy was formally accepted.
"L. S. COLTER, M. D., "Secretary Cincinnati Medical Society."
The following resolutions were then adopted :
"WHEREAS, The Academy of Medicine has invited affiliating medical socie- ties of this city to join the academy; and,
"WHEREAS, The Cincinnati Medical Society has accepted such invitation ; therefore, be it
"Resolved, That the Cincinnati Medical Society be received into the Academy of Medicine as a body, without election or further ceremony than signing the constitution and by-laws of the Academy of Medicine by each individual mem- ber of the Cincinnati Medical Society.
"Resolved, That in case a member of said Cincinnati Medical Society is al- ready a member in good standing of said Academy of Medicine, he or she shall not be required to again sign said constitution and by-laws, as it is taken for granted that such an act has already been performed."
The secretary of the academy was instructed to notify the members of the respective bodies of the union of the Cincinnati Medical Society with the Academy of Medicine.
On July 6, 1907, the academy became a member of the Cincinnati associated organizations.
ORIGINAL MEMBERS.
*BONNER, STEPHEN.
*MCILVAINE, R. R.
*CLENDENIN, WM.
*MURPHY, J. A.
*COMEGYS, C. G.
*MUSSEY, R. D.
*FOOTE, H. E.
*MUSSEY, W. H.
*HEIGHWAY, A. E.
*SMITH, J. B.
*HUGHES, C. B.
*STEVENS, E. B.
*JOHNSON, A. M.
*WEBB, J. T.
*JUDKINS, J. P.
*WILLIAMS, E.
*JUDKINS, WM.
*WHITE, J. F.
*Deceased.
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HONORARY MEMBERS.
*Bartholow, Prof. R., Philadelphia January, 1879
*Bernard, Prof. Claude, Paris. March, 1868
*Bettman, A., Cincinnati March, 1887
*Broca, Prof. P., Paris. March, 1867
*Christopher, W. S., Chicago. September, 1891
*Culbertson, J. C., Cincinnati. 1908
Edwards, Prof. C. L., Cincinnati.
November 5, 1894
*Fore, P. G., Cincinnati. June, 1868
Gad, Prof. Johannes, Prague.
*Graham, Prof: J., Cincinnati. September, 1873
Greenleaf, C. R., U. S. Army November 4, 1901
*Hart, Ernest, London. September, 1878
Juler, H. Cundell, Cincinnati.
March, 1898
Le Conte, Prof. Charles, Paris March, 1863
*Mount, Wm., Cincinnati. January, 1868
Owen, Wm. O., U. S. Army . January 6, 1902
*Parvin, Prof. T., Philadelphia February, 1868
*Piorry, Prof. P. A., Paris March, 1867 Purviance, G., U. S. Marine Hospital Service. .November, 1887
*Rives, L. C., Cincinnati. April, 1867
*Roelker, F., Cincinnati. December, 1868
*Seely, W. W., Cincinnati. April 17, 1899
*Vance, Prof. R. A., Cleveland. . January, 1882
*Vaughn, Prof. D., Cincinnati .July, 1867
Woolley, P. G., Cincinnati. November, 1909
Wherry, W. B., Cincinnati. November, 1909
*Wright, Prof. M. B., Cincinnati. . January, 1878
CORRESPONDING MEMBERS.
Boyland, G. H., Baltimore. May, 1872
Courtright, G. E., Lithopolis March, 1868
*Hunert, G., Cleveland .. March, 1882
Isham, Mary K., Cincinnati. February, 1909
Miller, S. J. F. December, 1872
*Sexton, S., New York October, 1870
*Smith, H., Cincinnati. May, 1875
The present membership of the academy numbers more than five hundred. The total to date is about twelve hundred.
THE CINCINNATI MEDICAL SOCIETY.
The Cincinnati Medical Society ( fourth of the name), was organized October 9, 1874. The charter members were: Drs. John Davis, John A. Murphy, J. C. *Deceased. .
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Culbertson, W. H. Taylor, Thomas H. Kearney, N. P. Dandridge, J. C. Macken- zie, Wm. B. Davis, Ephriam M. Epstein, Byron Stanton, J. C. Walker, F. Brun- ning, G. Holdt, C. P. Judkins, Wm. H. Mussey, A. C. Kemper, C. G. Comegys, WVm. T. Brown, T. C. Minor, and Wm. Carson. A permanent organization was effected by the election of the following officers: A. C. Kemper, president ; J. P. Walker, first vice president; W. H. Taylor, second vice president ; Byron Stanton, recording secretary; J. C. Mackenzie, corresponding secretary ; W. T. Brown, treasurer; Wm. Carson, censor ; Geo. Holdt and Wm. B. Davis, trustees.
The first meeting place was the room of the Bar association. Later on the society met in Schmidt's hall, Seventh and Race streets, and in Lancet hall. On March 6, 1893, the society was merged with the Academy of Medicine.
THE OBSTETRICAL SOCIETY OF CINCINNATI.
The Obstetrical Society of Cincinnati was organized in 1876, the original members being Drs. J. J. Quinn, C. O. Wright, J. W. Underhill, J. L. Cleveland, A. J. Miles, A. L. Carrick, W. T. Brown, J. C. McMechan, J. Trush, C. D. Palmer, and T. A. Reamy. The first president was Dr. J. J. Quinn, for many years a prominent practitioner. He was health officer of the city for some time, and a trustee of the Cincinnati Hospital. Dr. J. W. Underhill, was the first secretary. The officers are, a president, vice president, recording and cor- responding secretaries, and treasurer. The society meets monthly at the resi- dences of the members. The membership is limited to fifty.
THE CINCINNATI RESEARCH SOCIETY.
Recognizing medical science as the basis of medicine, and realizing the value of mutual aid in researches along this line, there was felt a need of an organiza- tion affording these advantages.
On Thursday, January 28, 1897, Drs. Joseph Eichberg, F. W. Langdon, E. W. Mitchell, W. E. Schenck, H. Freudenberger, P. M. Ashburn, A. H. Freiberg, E. H. Shields, S. Rothenberg, T. O. Edwards, H. W. Bettmann, and S. P. Kramer, met in the office of the last named, and formally organized the society for medical research.
Letters of approval were received from a number of other physicians of the city. The society was organized along lines similar to the Research Club of London, and the work of the society was intended to embrace the scientific side of medicine as embodied in gross and microscopic anatomy, pathology, bacteri- ology, physiology, physics and biology. The society was in no way to conflict with the work of the Academy of Medicine, but would devote itself exclusively to demonstrations of original research. Dr. S. P. Kramer was elected president, and Dr. H. W. Bettmann, secretary and treasurer.
Since its inception the society has enjoyed a most successful career, and is, probably, one of the most representative medical bodies in the city today. The meetings, on the first Thursday of each month, at the Cincinnati Hospital Labora- tory, are well attended, and the interest in the proceedings has been sufficiently
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active to render the discussion on every occasion highly instructive, and of great scientific value. On February 2, 1911, the name was changed to the Cincinnati Research Society, inasmuch as quite a number of papers are presented by scientific men who are not physicians, but who are nevertheless eligible to membership.
Vol. II-18
L
CHAPTER XIV.
INSTITUTIONAL.
CINCINNATI'S BENEFICENCES NOT MENTIONED ELSEWHERE-FOUNDING AND MAIN- TENANCE OF HOSPITALS AND ELEEMOSYNARY INSTITUTIONS-THE MUNICIPAL CORPORATION NOTED FOR ITS CHARITIES-BEAUTIFUL BUILDINGS-LARGE- HEARTED AND GENEROUS MEN AND WOMEN OF THE CITY.
ORGANIZATION AND MAINTENANCE.
The Children's Home was organized in 1864 mainly by Murray Shipley, a merchant and minister of the Society of Friends. Associated with him as sub- scribers to the enterprise, were a number of people, but he himself built the first Children's Home at his own expense. The institution has always depended upon popular support. In its earlier days a committee of its trustees canvassed for funds but this entirely ceased long ago and the work has been maintained by the free will offerings of the people. The present structure was erected in 1877 at a cost not including the ground, of about $100,000. The annual contributions are about $12,000. The income from its invested funds is about $9,000. The annual expense is about $21,000. The annual number of children cared for is between 1,300 and 1,400.
It has been a matter of remark to many that the Childrens' Home should remain in its original location on Ninth street opposite the city building. A time will doubtless come when a branch will be established in the suburbs but hitherto it has seemed possible to accomplish more by being in the center of population. Here it is of much easier access to the poor and it is in a better situation to per- form its diversified work.
NAME AND PURPOSE.
When the question arose as to what this institution should be called, Murray Shipley devised the name, using the word children rather than orphan, so that no child should ever be refused even if it is not an orphan. The child may be as much in need as an orphan because destitute, neglected, ill-treated. The Children's Home was the first institution to be so-called. Prior to that all sim- ilar work had in some way used the name orphan. But from that time forward, the new name became popular and hundreds of such institutions throughout the country are now called by the name Children's Home.
From the beginning the institution determined to do for each child whatever seemed best for the individual case. Therefore it has never had any written rules or by-laws. All of its work has hinged upon the idea that it would help
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the poor to help themselves in whatever way would be best for the individual need.
In general it has three methods of operation. First, to care for children during temporary periods of destitution; second, to care for children who are in per- manent need; third, to care for children by day, the mothers of whom are living alone and in need and are absent from their children at their day's work.
In connection with the above, it serves a general purpose as a clearing house for the children of the poor, to secure their proper distribution among other in- stitutions, public or private. Children may be brought here until admission can be secured for them to other institutions to which it is desired that the children may be sent. Standing at the center of population, it holds itself always ready to give information or to lend its aid for the best settlement of every case of juvenile need which may be brought to its knowledge.
WORK ACCOMPLISHED AND RESULTS.
During forty-six years of its existence, it has cared for more than 33,700 children. Of these about 29,000 were kept for temporary aid or by day only. More than 4,000 have been permanently committed to its care and placed in adoptive homes. These were looked after and visited and their welfare assured until they have come of legal age. Of its permanent wards about seven-fifteenths were orphans or half orphans and about eight-fifteenths have been deserted or surrendered to the trustees or committed by the courts because they did not have proper homes.
The usefulness of the institution is not simply in the relief given to thousands during periods of temporary distress but more especially in the outcome of its permanent wards. Those who have been adopted in foster homes, have as a general thing developed into excellent citizens. Fully ninety per cent of the whole number have thrived and prospered. Among the number of these, there have been physicians, lawyers, ministers, editors, inventors, manufacturers, merchants, public office holders, many farmers. Some have accumulated wealth. Many of the girls are happy wives of good men. Yet practically all of these children have come up from the depths of poverty and misfortue. One single item will show in strongest light the good which has been accomplished. Of more than four thousand children reared in adoptive homes only seven have ever been in prison for felony. This is far better than could be expected and is eloquent testimony to the value of placing such children in selected homes.
THE ECONOMY OF ADMINISTRATION.
The economy of administration has been a remarkable feature. If four thou- sand permanent wards had been reared in the institution, they would have cost an average of $1,200 each. But being placed in adoptive homes, they were reared at an average cost to public charity of only about $50.00 each.
OFFICERS.
Murray Shipley, the founder, was the first and only president until his death in 1899. Associated with him as vice president and later elected president was John Longworth Stettinius until his death in 1904. The third in order was Dr. William H. Taylor, who was its physician from the beginning in 1864 and re- mained such until his death in 1910. He was elected a trustee in 1882 and was elected president in 1905. Edwin R. Stearns was elected secretary in 1875 and in
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1887 he was also made treasurer, holding both positions until 1910. After the death of Dr. Taylor he was elected to the presidency of the institution. Edward Ritchie was then elected secretary. Other trustees, not to name them all, but naming some who were especially distinguished, were Robert W. Burnet, who gave the most of the ground upon which the institution stands. H. Thane Miller, widely known as an evangelist and educator; John Shillito, the well known merchant; Larz Anderson, Elliot H. Pendleton, Sr., and Robert Allison. The present board consists in addition to those named above of C. W. Shipley and D. B. Gamble, vice presidents, N. Henchman Davis, Harry F. Woods, D. DeMott Woodmansee, Fred A. Geier and John L. Stettinius.
The Children's Home employs a visitor whose time is devoted to visiting the children in their adoptive homes. He first visits the family and makes careful inquiry to ascertain that the home is desirable, then he places the child in the foster home and afterward goes occasionally to see the child and its foster par- ents and does whatever needs to be done on behalf of the child until it comes to its maturity. This officer for six years past has been the Rev. R. A. Long- man.
The Children's Home Monthly Record has been published for forty-three years. The present editor who has held the position for sixteen years is Miss Grace Davidson. The superintendent and matron are Mr. and Mrs. Meigs V. Crouse, who have been in this work for twenty-nine years. The assistant super- intendent is the Rev. A. L. Copeland.
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