USA > Ohio > Annual report of the State Commissioner of Common Schools, to the Governor of the State of Ohio, for the year 1880 > Part 23
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17. Into what three groups have the tertiary strata been divided by Lyell ?
BOTANY.
1. How is the science of Botany divided ? How do plants differ from animals ?
2. How are branches arranged ? Give some of the uses of roots ?
3. Give some account of leaves as depositories of plant food ? Name the forms of leaves as to general outline, beginning at the narrower and proceeding to the broadest ?
4. Name some plants having palmate, and perfoliate leaves ?
5. Give the names applied to flower clusters ?
6. What are the essential organs of plants ? Their parts and their functions.
7 What is cellular tissue ? What is wood ? What are endogenous, and exogenous stems ?
8. Explain the circulation in cells, and conveyance of the sap ?
9. How are plants classified ? How many and what systems are in use ?
10. Define morphology, drupe, legume, embryo, plume, phænogamous, accum- bent, apetalous, fusiform, and maculate ?
MUSIC.
1. What is sound, a tone, a key, the tonic or key-tone ?
2. What is a staff? What a clef? Upon what line is the treble clef placed ?
3. What are bars ? Explain the use of the fraction placed at the beginning of a musical composition.
4. What is the difference between a chromatic and a diatonic semitone ?
5. What is a perfect fifth? Name or write fifths to all the notes, beginning with F and proceeding always a fifth higher.
6. What is the diatonic scale ? What the chromatic scale ?
7. What tones form the key of F? What is the signature of the key of F?
8. Write the scale of G with its signature in the G and F clefs.
9. What are rests ? Write the different rests employed.
10. Define legato, staccato, da capo, piano, and forte.
POLITICAL ECONOMY.
1. What are some of the evils arising from a too inflated currency ?
2. Name the evils arising from the wealth of a country being massed in a few corporations.
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ANNUAL REPORT.
3. What effect have the scientific discoveries of the past fifty years had on the commercial interests ?
4. How does the invention of labor-saving machinery benefit the laborer ?
, 5. When does wealth become capital ?
ALGEBRA.
1. Resolve x4 - 10x2 + 9 into four factors.
2. Given (x + §) (x- §) + 2 = x + 5 (x-5) to find x.
3. The sum of three digits of a certain number is 16; the sum of the left and middle digit is to the sum of the middle and right ones as 3 to 33 ; and if 198 be added to the number, the digits will be inverted. Required, the number.
4. Vx +3- Vx-3=2Vx. Find x.
5. Given x+1x-x-1x=3 18
+ 8
2 to find x.
6. A and B set out from two points at the same time, and travel toward each other. On meeting it appears that A has traveled 30 miles more than B, and that A could travel B's distance in 4} days, and that B could travel A's distance in 6 days. How far apart were they when they started ?
1
7. Given +
x2-3x 1 x2 + 4x 9 8x to find x.
8. x6 - 3x3 + 216 = 0. Find x.
9. Given {208 y3 = 2 -
= 152 ) to find x and y.
10. What is the length and breadth of a rectangular field whose perimeter is 10 rods greater than a square field whose side is 50 rods, while its area is 250 square rods less than the area of the square field ?
GREEK.
Εν αρχή ην ο λόγος, και ο λόγος ήν προς τον Θεόν, και Θεός ην ο λόγος. Ούτος ήν έν άρχη πρός τον Θεόν. Πάντα δι' αυτού εγένετο και χωρίς αυτού εγένετο ουδε έν σ' γέγονεν, Έν άυτό ζωή ήν, και η ζωή ήν το φως των ανθρώπων. Και το φώς έν σκοτία φαίνει, και ή σκοτία αυτό ου’ κατέλαβεν. Εγένετο άνθρωπος απεσταλμένος παρά Θεού όνομα αυτώ Ιωάννης. Ούτος ήλθεν είς μαρτυρίαν Ίνα μαρτυριήση περί του φωτός, Ίνα πάντες πίσιένσωσι δί αυτού,
Translate the above, and parse underscored words.
LATIN.
" Exegi monimentum aere perennius, Regalique situ pyramidum altius ; Quod nonimber edax, non Aquilo impoteno
.
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STATE COMMISSIONER OF COMMON SCHOOLS.
Possit diruere, aut innumerabilis
Annorum series et fuga temporum. Non omnis moriar ! multaque pars mei Vitabit Libitinam. Usque ego postera Crescam laude recens, dum Capitolium Scandet cum tacita Virgine Pontifex."
Translate and parse underscored words.
GENERAL HISTORY.
1. Name six monarchies previous to the Persian Empire.
2. Give a brief account of the founding and history of Carthage.
3. Who was the founder of the Persian Empire, and who its last ruler ?
4. Give a brief account of the battle of Thermopylae.
5. Name the greatest Macedonian general and his father.
6. Name the three successive forms of government in Rome.
7. What periods are generally called the dark and middle ages.
8. Give a brief account of the crusades.
9. Name some important events in Queen Elizabeth's reign.
10. Give a brief account of the French Revolution.
MENTAL PHILOSOPHY.
1. Explain what is meant by subjective and objective utility.
2. What is consciousness ?
3. Name and define the phenomena of consciousness.
4. Name and define the principal cognitive faculties.
5. What is the difference between a faculty and capacity ?
6. To which of the phenomena of consciousness does imagination belong ?
7. How do we recall past mental states to present consciousness ?
THEORY AND PRACTICE.
1. Define these terms as applied to teaching.
2. What relation should they have to each other ?
3. What attention and study have you applied to the theory of education ?
4. How much practical experience have you had ?
5. State your views as to the bearing each of these has had on your present standing as a teacher.
GENERAL HISTORY.
1. What prominent events in English History influenced the Literature ?
2. When did English Literature attain to its greatest eminence ?
3. From the "Father of English verse " to the present, name the greatest five English poets in order of time, with their characteristics and masterpieces.
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ANNUAL REPORT.
4. Name the greatest three English Historians in order of time, and their works.
5. From the first English novelist to the present, name the greatest five, in order of time, with their characteristics and masterpieces.
6. Name the greatest five English essayists, in order of time.
7. Name the greatest five poets, three historians, and three novelists in Ameri- can Literature, with their masterpieces.
8. Name three prominent American essayists.
RHETORIC.
1. Name some advantages to be derived from the study of Rhetoric.
2. Name some elements essential to the sublime.
3. Define "Figure of Rhetoric."
4. What is the difference between beauty and sublimity ?
5. Define simile, metaphor, and allegory.
6. Define style, climax, and anti-climax.
7. State the difference between a simple and a labored style.
8. Name the requisites of a good style.
9. Give an analysis of an essay on any subject.
GRAMMAR.
" With eyes upraised, as one inspired,
Pale melancholy sat retired ;
And from her wild sequestered seat,
In notes by distance made more sweet,
Poured through the mellow horn her pensive soul ;
While dashing soft from rocks around,
Bubbling runnels joined the sound:
Through glades and glooms the mingled measures stole; Or, o'er some haunted stream with fond delay,
' Round a holy calm diffusing, Love of peace and lonely musing,
In hollow murmers died away."
Write out an analysis of this verse, and parse underscored words.
PHYSIOLOGY.
1. Explain the difference between organic and inorganic matter.
2. Name some points of resemblance between all organized bodies.
3. Name the bones of the skull.
4. Locate the clavicle, scapula, humerus, ulna, radius, carpus, metacarpus, phalanges.
5. Name three kinds of movable joints. Which kind admits of freest move- ment ?
6. State the difference between voluntary and involuntary muscles. Name some of the latter.
7. Name the digestive organs. Describe the alimentary canal.
8. Name the organs of circulation .. Describe the heart.
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STATE COMMISSIONER OF COMMON SCHOOLS.
9. Name the respiratory organs. Describe the lungs.
10. Describe the process of assimilation of food.
TRIGONOMETRY AND SURVEYING.
1. Define the terms logarithm, characteristic mantissa, and specify as to the sign of characteristic and the mantissa and the numerical value of the former.
2. What is the logarithm of one? Why ? What is the logarithm of one-tenth ? Why ?
3. Define or illustrate by figure at least five of the eight trigonometrical functions.
4. Give the sign and value of some one of the trigonometrical functions for an arc of 0°, 90°, 180°, 270° and 360°.
5. Enumerate the four possible cases that may occur in the solution of oblique angled triangles.
6. Give the process of solution in two of the cases.
7. The angles formed at the extremities of a base-line 600 yards long, by lines of sight drawn to a distant object are respectively 57° 35' and 64° 51'; find the distance from one of the extremities of the line to the object.
8. At what horizontal distance from a column 143 feet high will it subtend an angle of 35° ?
9. What is the latitude of a course ? Its departure ?
10. What is the double meridian distance of the first course equal to? Any course ? How find the area ?
CHEMISTRY.
1. Describe acids, bases and salts, and give examples.
2. Give the composition of water by volume and by weight. How may it be shown by analysis and synthesis ?
3. Give the symbols and molecular weight of the two compounds resulting from ordinary combustion.
4. Of what compounds are the following symbols ? Cl, H2, SO, HNO3, KNO , CO. Give their molecular weight.
5. Give the elements in salt, cooking soda, blue, green and white vitriol.
6. Explain the arsenic test and the test for carbonic acid.
. 7. Explain briefly oxhydrogen blow-pipe and calcium light.
8. Give one method each for making oxygen, hydrogen and chlorine.
9. How much sulphur in a ton of sulphuric acid ?
LOGIC.
1. What is a proposition ? The subject ? Predicate ? Copula ?
2. Describe the terms of a syllogism.
3. What is the major premise? The minor premise ? The conclusion ?
4. Describe the fallacy of the undistributed middle, and the illicit process.
5. Pronounce upon the validity of the following argument, and if fallacious point out the fallacy : (1.) All persons who can distinguish right and wrong are accountable. (2.) No infant can distinguish right and wrong. (3.) Therefore no infant is accountable.
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ANNUAL REPORT.
6. Give the laws for determining the validity of hypothetical syllogisms.
7. Pronounce upon the validity of the following argument, and if not valid point out the fallacy : (1.) If the laws of the country were enforced, the negroes would have no cause of complaint. (2.) The laws of the country are not enforced. (3.) Therefore the negroes have cause of complaint.
8. Describe as to quantity and quality the propositions represented by (A) (E) (I) (O).
ORTHOGRAPHY.
1. Into what three classes are Elementary sounds divided ? Give the number of each class.
2. Indicate by Webster's notation the sounds of the vowels.
3. What five consonant combinations are used to represent elementary sounds, not as substitutes, but as their proper and ordinary representatives ?
4. Indicate by diacritic and accent marks the correct pronunciation of the fol- lowing words, crossing the silent letters: vagary, chastisement, horizon, acclimate, zodiacal, coadjutor, hymeneal, inexorable, tassels.
5. Spell phonically, anxious, celestial, equinoctial, equation, language, luscious, reptiles, dominion, sacrifices.
U. S. CONSTITUTION.
1. How were the colonial governors of Massachusetts, Virginia and Maryland respectively chosen ? What were their several forms of government styled ?
2. Name the co-ordinate branches of the government under the Constitution. Which existed under the Articles of Confederation ? How constituted ?
3. How under the constitution are. members of the legislative department chosen ? How long hold office ? How are vacancies filled ?
4. How many U. S. Senators is Ohio entitled to? Who are they at present? How many representatives? How many presidential electors? How are the latter chosen ? In what other ways have they been chosen ? What body determines how they shall be chosen ?
5. How may members of the legislative department be removed from office ? Members of the executive and judicial departments ? Describe process.
6. In what three ways may a bill become a law? Name at least one sole power of the Senate and one of the House.
7. How are cabinet officers chosen ? Name the present members of the Cabinet.
8. Describe the writ of habeas corpus. A bill of attainder, an ex post facto law, and state the power of the government relative thereto.
9. What amendments to the constitution have been recently adopted ? State briefly their character. In what manner were they adopted ?
10. How are the President and Vice-president chosen when the college fails to elect ?
11. Where is the war declaring power vested ?
12. When can the U. S. government interpose to suppress domestic violence in a State ?
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STATE COMMISSIONER OF COMMON SCHOOLS.
GEOMETRY.
1. To what is the sum of the interior angles of a polygon equal ? The sum of the exterior angles ? Why in both cases ?
2. Prove that the angle formed by two secants intersecting each other without the circle is measured by half the difference of the included arcs.
3. To what is the area of a parallelogram equal ? A triangle ? A trapezoid ? A pentagon ? A circle ?
4. Give the demonstration in one of the last three cases in question 3d.
5. The diameter of one sphere is five times that of another ; how many times as great is its circumference ? Its volume ? Its surface ?
6. What is the convex surface of a cone whose slant is 50 feet, and whose base is 8} feet in diameter ? What would be the volume of a cone with the same base and with an altitude of 50 feet ?
7. How find the convex surface of a right prism ? Why ? A cylinder? Why? A pyramid ? Why ?
8. How find the convex surface of a frustum of a pyramid and cone ? Why ?
9. How find the volume of a cylinder, pyramid and cone ? Why ?
10. Find the surface and volume of a sphere whose radius is 16.
ASTRONOMY.
1. What are vertical circles ? The ecliptic ? Equinoctial ? Meridians of right ascension ? Parallels of declinations ? .
2. What is azimuth ? Declination ? Right ascension ? Celestial latitude ? Celes- tial longitude ?
3. Give one method of finding the latitude of places, and one for longitude ?
. 4. When is the sun in the solstitial and equinoctial form, respectively, and what will be its altitude when in these points, as seen at Columbus, 40º north latitude ?
5. Describe a sidereal and a solar day. Which is the longer? Why? What day does the clock measure ?
6. Describe a sidereal and a tropical year. Which is the longer ? Why ?
7. When is the motion of a planet direct, and when retrograde ? Explain infe- rior and superior conjunction and opposition.
8. In what constellations and what signs are the equinoctial and solstitial points ? How was it 2000 years ago ?
9. Locate five stars of the first magnitude with respect to constellations. What planets are now visible in the early evening sky ? Give their distances from sun and times of revolution.
10. What is parallax ? How often do the moon and sun turn on their axis? How known ?
GEOGRAPHY.
1. Name five rivers of Europe, and state where they empty.
2. Name in order the five most populous countries of Europe, locate their capi- tals with respect to rivers, and give the names and titles of their present rulers.
3. Locate Alexandria, Quito, Turin, Smyrna, Odessa, Havana, Kansas City, Valparaiso.
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ANNUAL REPORT.
4. Name the states that border on the Great Lakes and locate their capitals.
5. Over what waters, by the nearest routes, can troops be transported from Lon- don to Afghanistan ?
6. Locate and state the ownership of Vancouver's Island, Cyprus, Sardinia, Cor- sica, Cuba.
7. Is a degree of latitude longest near the equator or near the poles ? Why ? A degree of longitude ? Why ?
8. Give the three causes of the change of seasons. When are the days and nights equal everywhere ? Where always equal ?
9. Give the latitute of the tropics and polar circles. What would be their lati- tude if the earth's axis were inclined 30°? If perpendicular to the plane of its orbit?
10. Why so much rain east of the Andes, and so little west? Why so much colder at Quebec than London ?
EXAMINATION QUESTIONS.
COUNTY BOARDS.
ALLEN COUNTY.
GRAMMAR.
1. Define orthography, orthœpy, etymology, analysis, and punctuation.
2. Define syllable, ultimate, penultimate, base of a syllable, and phonic spelling.
3. Define abstract noun, collective noun, pronominal adjective, conjunctive ad- verb, and disjunctive conjunction.
4. Give principal parts of lose. know, lie, choose, grow, and lay.
5. Give a synopsis of "throw" in the indicative active and "freeze" in the indicative passive, both first per. sing.
6. Correct, if necessary, and give the principles violated :
(a) Neither you nor I can blame ourselves.
(b) Who do you travel with ?
(c) The men's courage failed them.
(d) The boy had went before we came.
(e) Who is afraid of woman's voting.
7. Analyze the following :
He declared it to be his opinion that the man only claimed what was his own.
8. Analyze: Whom the shoe fits let him put it on.
9. Parse words in italics in the following: John declares it to be impossible for him to tell what words are double relatives and what are interrogative adjective pronouns.
10. (a) I know who the first President of United States was. Bring what material you have.
GEOGRAPHY.
1. Name the different zones and the circles that bound them, and give the width of each zone.
2. Describe the Gulf stream and what causes produce it, and what effect it has.
3. Upon what causes does the climate of a place depend ?
4. Give the area and population of the five grand divisions of the earth.
5. What and where are the following: mount Marcy, Tolima, Yezo, Chiloe, Garonne and Pichincha ?
19 S. C.
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ANNUAL REPORT.
4. Name the states that border on the Great Lakes and locate their capitals.
5. Over what waters, by the nearest routes, can troops be transported from Lon- don to Afghanistan ?
6. Locate and state the ownership of Vancouver's Island, Cyprus, Sardinia, Cor- sica, Cuba.
7. Is a degree of latitude longest near the equator or near the poles? Why? A degree of longitude ? Why ?
8. Give the three causes of the change of seasons. When are the days and nights equal everywhere ? Where always equal ?
9. Give the latitute of the tropics and polar circles. What would be their lati- tude if the earth's axis were inclined 30°? If perpendicular to the plane of its orbit?
10. Why so much rain east of the Andes, and so little west? Why so much colder at Quebec than London ?
EXAMINATION QUESTIONS.
COUNTY BOARDS.
ALLEN COUNTY.
GRAMMAR.
1. Define orthography, orthœpy, etymology, analysis, and punctuation.
2. Define syllable, ultimate, penultimate, base of a syllable, and phonic spelling.
3. Define abstract noun, collective noun, pronominal adjective, conjunctive ad- verb, and disjunctive conjunction.
4. Give principal parts of lose, know, lie, choose, grow, and lay.
5. Give a synopsis of "throw" in the indicative active and "freeze" in the indicative passive, both first per. sing.
6. Correct, if necessary, and give the principles violated :
(a) Neither you nor I can blame ourselves.
(b) Who do you travel with ?
(c) The men's courage failed them.
(d) The boy had went before we came.
(e) Who is afraid of woman's voting.
7. Analyze the following :
He declared it to be his opinion that the man only claimed what was his own.
8. Analyze: Whom the shoe fits let him put it on.
9. Parse words in italics in the following: John declares it to be impossible for him to tell what words are double relatives and what are interrogative adjective pronouns.
10. (a) I know who the first President of United States was. Bring what material you have.
GEOGRAPHY.
1. Name the different zones and the circles that bound them, and give the width of each zone.
2. Describe the Gulf stream and what causes produce it, and what effect it has.
3. Upon what causes does the climate of a place depend ?
4. Give the area and population of the five grand divisions of the earth.
5. What and where are the following: mount Marcy, Tolima, Yezo, Chiloe, Garonne and Pichincha ?
19 S. C.
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ANNUAL REPORT.
6. Name the five largest rivers in Africa.
7. Name the tributaries of the Mississippi river.
8. To what river system do the great lakes belong ?
9. Bound Georgia ; name the principal cities and rivers.
10. Bound Persia.
ARITHMETIC.
1.
.023 :- .3 .00} = what ?
3 of 4-5 : - 4-5
2. Bought huckleberries at $2.20 per bushel, and retailed them at 12}c per quart, liquid measure, whereas I bought them by dry measure. What was the per cent. profit ?
3. What the duty at 25 per cent. ad valorem on 100 cases indigo of 175 lbs. each, , cost in India, 80c per lb., allowing 16 per cent. for tare .?
4. (2×16×128)}/2×(32×1024)73=what ?
5. I sold two horses for the same sum ; on one I gained 25 per cent., and on the other I lost 25 per cent. I lost $30.00 in the whole transaction. Find the cost of each horse.
6. How large a square can be cut from a circle 50 inches in diameter ?
7. Sold satin at $16.82 a yd., and gained 16 per cent., what per cent. will I lose by selling at $12.47 a yd. ?
8. What is the cost of painting a church steeple, the base of which is an octagon 6 feet on each side, and whose slant height is 80 feet, at 30c per square yard.
9. What will be the cost, in Lima, of a $1,000 draft on New York, payable in 60 days, when exchange is 1} per cent. discount, and bank discount 4 per cent ?
SPELLING.
1. Capsicum. 11. Lyre.
2. Tissue.
12. Blote.
3. Cuirassier.
13. Pale.
4. Sparrow.
14. Ignitible.
5. Chorus.
15. Captious.
6. Carnelian.
16. Jailer.
7. Oregon.
8. Dominica.
18. Khedive.
19. Banana.
20. Pavilion.
ADAMS COUNTY.
ENGLISH GRAMMAR.
1. About how long has the English language been growing, and in what cen- tury did it assume, substantially, its present form ?
2. What is a pure conjunction ? What is a connective, and what parts of speech may be so used ?
9. Cellar.
10. Flea.
17. Multiplier.
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STATE COMMISSIONER OF COMMON SCHOOLS.
3. What class of verbs cannot be used in the passive voice ? Why ?
4. Give synopsis of the verb to lie (to recline), to lie (to falsify), and to lag, in the indicative mode.
5. Name the auxiliary verbs, and tell which ones are sometimes used as prin- cipal verbs.
6. Parse only in each of the following sentences, and show the difference in meaning :
(a). He only mourns for his brother.
(b). He mourns only for his brother.
(c). He mourns for his only brother.
(d). He mourns for his brother only.
7. Correct and give reasons :
(a). Their religion, as well as their manners, were ridiculed.
(b). We have no doubt but what we will satisfy thé impartial.
(c). Venus is not quite as large as the earth.
(d). Each day and each hour bring their temptations.
(e). Jacob loved Joseph more than all his children.
8. What is meant by the adverbial objective of nouns ? Give examples.
9. At Aerschot up leaped of a sudden the sun, And against him the cattle stood black every one, To stare through this mist at us galloping past ; And I saw my stout galloper, Roland, at last, With resolute shoulders each butting away The haze, as some bluff river headland its spray.
10. Analyze: Though all the winds of doctrine were let loose to play upon the earth, so truth be in the field, we do injuriously to misdoubt her strength.
ARITHMETIC.
1. Define the terms principal, amount, legal interest, usury, promissory note.
2. How does a compound number differ from a denominate number ? What is the difference between a square and a rectangle ; between superficial and solid con- tents ?
3. How much will it cost, at 25 cents per cubic yard, to dig a trench 650 feet long, 2} ft. wide at top, 1} ft. wide at bottom, and 34 ft. deep ?
4. Which is worth most and how much, $1,000 cash, or $500 due in six months, and $600 due in one year, without interest, money being worth 10 per cent ?
5. How much must be invested in U. S. 4 per cent. bonds, quoted at 1023, to give a quarterly income of $500 ?
6. How many gallons of water does a pipe 3 in. in diameter discharge in an hour, if the current flows 200 ft. a minute ?
7. A broker bought stock for B at a discount of 30 per cent., brokerage 1} per cent .; he sold the stock at 10 per cent. discount, brokerage 1} ; B gained by the whole transaction $754,375. How many dollars' worth of stock had he ?
8. A, B and C start together and travel the same way around a circle 2,000 mi. in circumference. A goes 20, B 25 and C 40 mi. per day. In how many days will they all come together again at the same point from which they started ?
9. A $500 note, drawing 6 per cent. interest, dated May 10, 1876, with an indorse-
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ANNUAL REPORT.
ment July 1, 1877, of $150, is sent to a broker for collection. The broker collects it March 10, 1878, and charges & per cent. for collecting. What should he remit to the owner ?
10. A owning § of a farm, sold 163 per cent. of his interest for $800, which was considered to be 10 per cent. less than its real value. What was the estimated value of the farm ?
GEOGRAPHY.
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