USA > Ohio > Annual report of the State Commissioner of Common Schools, to the Governor of the State of Ohio, for the year 1880 > Part 25
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2. A, B, and C are employed to do a piece of work for $26.45 ; A and B together are supposed to do 2 of it, A and C 19, and B and C 23, and paid proportionally ; how much must each receive ?
3. Comparing two numbers, 483 was found to be their L. C. M., and 23 their G. C. D. ; what is the product of the numbers compared ?
4. If a grain of wheat produce 7 grains, and these be sown the second year, each yielding the same increase, how many bu. will be produced at this rate in 12 yr., if 1000 grains make a pt.
5. A and B traded until they gained 6 per cent. on their stock; then § of A's gain was $18 ; if A's stock was to B's as ? to }, how much did each gain, and what was the original stock of each ?
6. A can do a piece of work in 3 da., B can do 3 times as much in 8 da., and C 5 times as much in 12 da .; in what time can they all do the first piece of work ?
7. 1, B, and Care to share $100,000 in the proportion of 3, 4, and }, respect- ively ; but C dying, it is required to divide the whole sum proportionally between the other two; how much is each one's share ?
8. A man owes a debt to be paid in 4 equal installments at 4, 9, 12, and 20 months respectively ; discount being allowed at 5 per cent., he finds that $750 ready money will pay the debt ; how much did he owe ?
9. I purchase goods in bills as follows : June 4, 1859, $240.75 ; Aug. 9, 1859 , $137.25 ; Aug. 29, 1859, $65.64 ; Sept. 4, 1859, $230.36; Nov. 12, 1859, $36. If the merchant agree to allow credit of 6 mo. on each bill, when may I settle by paying the whole amount ?
10. A man bought a piece of land for $3000, agreeing to pay 7 per cent. interest, and to pay principal and interest in 5 equal annual installments; how much was the annual payment ?
20 S. C.
306
ANNUAL REPORT.
ORTHOGRAPHY.
1. Indicate, by the proper marks, the correct pronunciation of prairie-dog, sacrificable, ichneumon, facade, isolate, isotherm, cameleopard, placard.
2. Give two general rules for spelling. Give examples illustrating the rules, and give exceptions to the same.
3. Separate into syllables, and define the following words: Sinecure, cynosure, inimical, enallage, and souvenir.
4. Write in full the following abbreviations: Mss., Ph. D., La., Ob., Eph., Mlle.
5. Write a word which shall show the use of the dieresis.
6-10. Ten words to spell.
HISTORY.
1. Who first suggested the idea of the rotundity of the earth? Who resolved to prove it ?
2. What did Balboa discover ?
3. Name the most important French discoveries.
4. What was the London company ? What settlement did it make ?
5. When and by whom was Connecticut settled ? Where did they commence their first settlements ?
6. Explain what is meant by Mason and Dixon's line.
7. Give the history of the seats of our government.
8. Give an account of the Presidential election of 1824.
9. What was the Gadsden purchase ?
10. What administrations were troubled with wars ?
PHILOSOPHY.
1. What is the principal distinction between Philosophy and Chemistry ?
2. Define inertia, ductility, malleability, and tenacity.
3. What uses has friction? Why does oil lessen friction ?
4. Give the theory of intermittent springs.
5. Describe the barometer. What are its uses ?
6. Why are sounds more distinct by night than by day ?
7. Why will an iron ship float in water ?
8. Draw figures illustrating the terrestrial and the celestial refracting telescopes. Make the figures self-explaining, or write an explanation.
9. What is latent heat ? Illustrate by examples.
10. Explain the construction and theory of the Leyden jar.
ALGEBRA.
[ No credit will be given for answers only.]
1. What five different operations may be performed on both sides of an equation without destroying it ?
2. Prove that the reciprocal of a quantity is equal to the same quantity with the sign of its exponent changed.
3. Find the value of x and y in the following :
x2+ xy=84: x2-y2=24.
4. Given V x+ 5 + 3 = 8 - V x to find x.
307
STATE COMMISSIONER OF COMMON SCHOOLS.
. 5. Find the G. C. D. of 21x3 - 26x2 + 8x and 6x2 -x - 2.
6. Give the rule for the solution of an equation of the first degree.
7. Find the cube root of 15a4 - 6a5 + a6 + 15a2 -6a- 20a3 + 1.
8. Divide 2 17 by v 2 + 3 / 2.
9. Divide the number 15 into two such parts that their product shall be to the sum of their squares, in the ratio of 2 to 5.
10. A boy spends 30 cents in apples and pears, buying his apples at 4 and his pears at 5 for a cent; he then finds that half his apples and one-third of his pears cost 13 cents. How many of each did he buy ?
PHYSIOLOGY.
1. How many bones in the human body ? Why are the long bones largest at their extremities ?
2. Name the bones of the head.
3. What is the difference between a muscle and a tendon ?
4. Name the organs of digestion.
5. What change takes place in the blood in the lungs.
6. Why do we take food ?
7. Describe the brain. The spinal cord.
8. What is sleep, and why is it necessary ?
9. Name some of the most important glands of the body. What is the office of a gland ?
10. Describe the organs of hearing.
COLUMBIANA COUNTY.
GRAMMAR.
1. (a) How is the construction of our language governed ? (b) Illustrate your statement.
2. (a) What words should be employed in the expression of a thought ? (b) By what means can you improve your ability to express your thought ?
3. (a) Express a sentence in which your terms of relation are simple. (b) Ex- press one in which the terms are complex. (c) Express one in which the terms are compound.
4. (a) When should pupils begin the study of English grammar ? (b) Do you give language lessons to younger pupils ? Why ?
5. (a) If I was him I would not go to-day but wait until to-morrow. (b) The old and the new testaments harmonize perfectly. (c) What difference between the following sentences: (1) He is a better teacher than poet. (2) He is a better teacher than a poet.
Correct the preceding exercises and give reasons for the correction.
6. What constitutes a practical knowledge of English grammar.
7. Give examples in which the subjunctive mood is correctly employed in all its tenses.
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ANNUAL REPORT.
" Breathes there a man, with soul so dead, Who never to himself hath said, 'This is my own, my native land !' Whose heart hath ne'er within him burned, As home his footsteps he hath turned, 'From wandering on a foreign strand ?"
Analyze this selection and parse the words in italics.
9. Write a brief essay on teaching, and make it a practical test of your knowledge of English grammar.
10. "Purpose is but the slave to memory : Of violent birth, but poor validity : Which now, like fruits unripe, sticks on the tree ; But fall, unshaken, when they mellow be."
Analyze the above selection, and parse the words in italics.
PENMANSHIP.
1. Draw a rectangle showing the regular slant for writing.
2. When should the lesson in writing be given, and how long should it be con- tinued each day ?
3. Make the nine digits, or significant figures.
4. Make the thirteenth and fourteenth letters of the alphabet in capitals, and analyze.
5. Write the lines :
Life is a leaf of paper white, Whereon each one of us may write His word or two, and then comes night.
ORTHOGRAPHY.
1. (a) What importance do you attach to the subject of orthography ? (b) Which divisions of the subject do you consider most important, and why ?
2. Which are the digraphs, trigraphs, diphthongs, and triphthongs in the following words: Found, social, beauty, case, sirius, these, and cause.
3. Analyze the following words: Commerce, command, serious and revere.
4. Give two rules in spelling, that you consider valuable and illustrate each by examples.
5. What is a paronym, and give examples to illustrate your answer.
ARITHMETIC.
1. What is the sum of 63 plus its reciprocal ?
2. Divide .0000025 by .005 and multiply the quotient by 50000.
3. For what sum must I give my note, to run 4 months and 15 days, at 6 per cent., in order that I may receive at the bank $1,954 ?
4. A man sold his farm for $7,850, and thereby cleared 20 per cent. of this money ; how much would he have gained per cent. if he had received $523} more than he did ?
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309
STATE COMMISSIONER OF COMMON SCHOOLS.
5. A triangular piece of land, one side of which is 20 rods, contains 3 acres ; what is the corresponding side of a similar triangle containing 48 acres ?
6. A can do a piece of work in § a day, and with the assistance of C can do it in { of a day. How long will it take C alone ?
7. A wholesale dealer sells to a retailer at 10 per cent. profit, and the retailer sells to the consumer at 50 per cent. profit; what part of the price paid by the con- sumer is profit ?
8. How much larger is a square circumscribing a circle 40 rods in diameter, than a square inscribed in the same circle ?
9. If a cubic foot of iron were formed into a bar { an inch square, without waste, what would be its length ?
10. A merchant buys goods for $4,200 on 4 months' credit, but is offered a dis- count of 3 per cent. for cash. If money is worth } per cent. a month, what is the difference ?
THEORY AND PRACTICE.
1. Name three proper incentives to study.
2. What is the difference between teaching and hearing a recitation ?
3. To what extent should the pupil be assisted by the teacher ?
4. In teaching reading, what special objects do you have in view ?
5. How long have you taught ?
GEOGRAPHY.
1. In what country, and on what water, if any, is each of the following places : Odessa ? Archangel ? Frankfort? Hull? Toulon ? Halle? Mt. Ætna? Mocha ? Delhi? Walla Walla ?
2. Through what waters will a vessel sail, and at what important ports may it stop, in going from New York to Canton ?
3. What countries produe each of the following articles of commerce ? Mahog- any ? Camphor? Cork? India Rubber ? Cloves ? Pepper? Coffee ? Sponge?
4. How many principal forms of government are there, and what are the func-" tions of each ?
5. Locate each of the following countries, naming its cities, mountains, rivers, and resources : Switzerland, Brazil, Egypt, Arabia and Missouri.
6. Describe the Sahara or Great Desert of Africa. What articles of commerce would a caravan in crossing the Sahara from Barbary to Soudan likely carry, and what articles would it take back on its return ?
7. Give proofs of the earth's daily motion.
8. Define the following terms: Canyons, deltas, estuaries, climate and glaciers.
9. Bound China, and give a description of it, such as you would give to a class.
10. Bound British America; give its area and population, its government and religion. Name its provinces, lakes, rivers and cities. What are the leading forms of industry, and the leading exports and imports?
310
ANNUAL REPORT.
COSHOCTON COUNTY.
GRAMMAR. Rules and Regulations.
Attention to neatness, order, precision, and punctuation will be considered in grading.
Looking over the work of another, giving or receiving assistance, or communi- cating with any person will forfeit the right to a certificate.
These rules apply to examinations in all branches.
Time, one hour on each branch.
PARSING LESSON.
1. So live, that, when the summons comes to join
2. The innumerable caravan, that moves
3. To that mysterious realm, where each shall take
4. His chamber in the silent halls of death,
5. Thou go not, like the quarry-slave at night,
6. Scourged to his dungeon ; but, sustained and soothed
7. By an unfaltering trust, approach thy grave,
8. Like one who wraps the drapery of his couch
9. About him, and lies down to pleasant dreams. -Bryant.
See questions on blackboard.
BLACKBOARD QUESTIONS.
1. Name the clauses contained in the first four lines.
2. What kind of clauses does each constitute ? And why ? Parse the following words:
3. That in the 1st, 2d, and 3d lines.
4. Live and to join in the 1st line.
5. Moves in the 2d, and shall take in the 3d line.
6. Go in the 5th, and scourged in 6th line.
7. Approach in the 7th, and lies in the 9th line. Write the following correctly, and give your reason for the change :
8. The combat was between 30 Frenchs, and against 20 English.
9. He will not be pardoned unless he repents.
10. I seen the boys and girls playing with each other to-day.
11. The teachers having resigned, it will be difficult to satisfactorily fill their places.
12. She had no thought of me being present.
NOTE .- 64 per cent. on each branch entitles the applicant to a certificate for 6 months; an average of 72 per cent., to 12 months; 80 per cent., to 18 months; 88 per cent., to 2 years ; and 96 to 100, to 3 years.
ARITHMETIC.
1. Required, the cost of a sight draft on New York for $5,850, at ¿ per cent. premium.
.
311
STATE COMMISSIONER OF COMMON SCHOOLS.
2. What must I ask for cloth, costing $4 a yard, that I may deduct 20 per cent from my asking price, and still make 20 per cent ?
3. Iron was sold at $4.56} per ton, which was a loss of 17 per cent. What was the cost ?
4. A rectangular field measures 624 rods long and 156 rods wide; what is the length of one side of a square field of the same area ?
5. How many cubic feet of gas will a spherical balloon contain, its diameter being 50 ft.
6. The base and perpen. of a right-angled triangle are equal, and its area is 8 acres. Find the hypotenuse.
7. A log is 9 ft. in cir. and 12 ft. long. How much rope will be required to wrap it once from end to end ?
8. Define acute angle, pure dec., radius, and diagonal.
9. Find length of the side of an eqilateral triangle described within a circle whose diameter is 3 ft.
10. A billiard ball has a surface of 78-54 sq .- inches. What is its area ?
ORTHOGRAPHY AND READING QUESTIONS.
Spell the following words:
1. furzeing. 12. codicil.
2. jasmine.
13. ptarmigan.
3. surge. 14. cognac.
4. sleight.
15. blazed.
5. signet.
16. serge.
6. mignonette.
17.
archives.
7. chivalry.
18. cygnet.
8. hoeing.
19. saccharine.
9. glacial.
20. feign.
10. post-chaise.
11. kerosene.
8. Capitalize and punctuate the following :
God made thee perfect, not immutable, And good he made thee, but to persevere
He left it in thy pow'r; ordained thy will By nature free, not overruled by fate Inextricable, or strict necessity .- Milton.
9. What are simple, compound and derivative words? Give an example of each.
10. Write and punctuate the address of a letter-that is, on the envelope.
11. A profit of 4 per cent. is realized by selling goods for $228.80; had they been sold for $215.60 what per cent. would have been gained or lost ?
12. How many inch-balls can be put in a box which measures inside 10 inches square, and is 5 inches deep ?
21. gunwale.
312
ANNUAL REPORT.
GEOGRAPHY QUESTIONS.
1. What is the latitude and longitude of the north pole ?
2. What are trade winds, and what are isothermal lines ?
3. What large rivers rise in or near Switzerland ?
4. Name and locate the chief seaport of Austria.
5. What is vapor, and what causes rain, snow and hail ?
6. De the Abyssinians belong to the white or negro race ?
7. Which is the farther west, New Orleans or Lima ?
8. Do the waters of any lake in New York find their way into the Gulf of Mexico ? If so, name that lake.
9. Locate the Yukon River, and its source.
10. Where is Mecca, and for what is it noted ?
CRAWFORD COUNTY.
GRAMMAR.
1. Define Grammar as a science and as an art, and give the standard of gram- matical accuracy in the use of language.
2. What is the difference between a personal and a relative pronoun ?
3. How are verbs classed with respect to form, and with respect to use; also, how are passive verbs formed ?
4. Give all the participles, active and passive of the verb "teach."
5. How is a participial noun distinguished from a participle ?
6. Write a complex declarative sentence containing an adjective and an adverbial element of the third class.
7. Correct the following, if incorrect, and state the reasons for the several cor- rections: " Among us two there is a lie somewhere." "I expected to have seen you yesterday." "Who did you take me to be ?"
8. Hackneyed in business, wearied at the oar, which thousands once fast chained to quit no more, all wish or seem to wish they could forego.
9. He supposed it eight o'clock when the train arrived.
10. The traveler stopped to ask what was the matter. Parse the italicized words in the 8th and 9th sentences. Analyze the 10th.
GEOGRAPHY.
1. What fraction of the earth's surface is the land north of the equator ?
2. What meridian circle is used to divide the earth into an Eastern and West- ern hemisphere ?
3. Why is the western coast of the U. S. warmer than the eastern ?
4. Where in the U. S. is copper, lead, silver, salt, and petroleum found ?
5. Name the provinces of Canada, and describe forms of government.
6. What are the principal articles of export in the U. S. ? Imports? What do you understand by balance of trade ?
7. Trace the 40th parallel around the world.
313
STATE COMMISSIONER OF COMMON SCHOOLS.
8. Into what three departments is the Federal Government divided ? What are the functions of each department ?
9. What is an original township? Which are original in this county ? What can you say of section sixteen in each township ?
10. Name and locate the longest river, most elevated lake, most depressed sea, the highest mountain, and the metropolis in the world.
ARITHMETIC.
(Time, 100 minutes).
(No credit will be given for answers only-give solution.)
(Explain first three problems as you would to a class).
1. Define subtraction. From 934 subtract 369.
2. Define multiplication. Multiply 901 by 11.
3. Define division. Divide 1,037 by 11.
4. Why do you commence at the left hand to divide, but at the right hand to multiply ?
5. Define ratio. Two-thirds of the ratio of one-half to three-fourths is three times the ratio of three to what ?
6. Define percentage. A merchant bought a suit of clothes for $28.00; how must he mark it so that he can fall 20 per cent. from his asking price, and still make 40 per cent. on the cost?
7. I sold two horses for $150.00 each ; on the one I gained 33} per cent., on the other I lost 333 per cent. Did I gain or lose by the sale? How much and what per cent. ?
8. Define interest. $50.00 a month at 713% per cent. requires what principal ?
9. What arithmetical principle is involved in the solution of the following problem ?
10. Two ladders are standing in a street with their bases 20 feet apart, inclined toward each other at an angle of 45 degrees until their tops intersect. How long is each ladder ?
CUYAHOGA COUNTY.
GRAMMAR.
Correct, if necessary, orthography, syntax and punctuation, and parse italicized words as you would teach a class to parse them.
1. Don't put your pencil in your mouth as it makes it difficult to read.
2. . " Our harps we left by Babels stream The tyrants jest the gentiles scorn !
Nor censor round our alters beam
And mute is timbrell harp, and horn." -Scott.
3. Pure air and sunshine are needed by the patient and whenever either of these are not present the patient languishes .- Dio Lewis.
4. I will make a few more remarks in conclusion and I am done .- Nasby.
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ANNUAL REPORT.
5. I shall return back said the trapper in just two years to find I suppose that the place has altered very much since I saw it .- Cooper.
Divide into syllables and pronounce the following words, using diacritical marks, etc., used by lexicographers :
Culinary. Complaisance. Extol. Indisputable. Lyccum. Isolated. Extem- pore. Acclimate.
Have you communicated with any one, or used any books for reference in this examination ?
THEORY AND PRACTICE.
Do not communicate with applicants, nor with visitors ; but attend strictly to business.
1. What are leading questions ? Do you use them ?
2. How many hours of the twenty-four, constituting the day, are due to your school ?
3. How do you induce your pupils to study, if they prefer to be idle ?
4. What is a recitation, and what its purposes ?
5. State the means you use to make recitations interesting.
6. What measures have you adopted to interest parents in your school ?
7. What form of government is best in the school-room ?
8. For what offenses (if for any) would you expel a pupil ?
. 9. To what has the power of a teacher to exact ratio ?
10. State some evidence of your success as a teacher.
11. State the length of time for which your last certificate was granted.
12. What are your views of " compulsory education ?"
ARITHMETIC.
[NOTE .- Write your name, number and subject of examination, across the end of your manuscript, after you have folded it. Indicate the process by which your answers are obtained, otherwise no credit will be given.]
1. Define a common fraction, a decimal fraction, a complex fraction, a repetend and a continued fraction, with an example of each.
16% of 712 8% of 4
2. 83 of 1} 16} of 12 = what ?
3. Sold two horses for $297 each. On one I gained 10 per cent., and on the other I lost 10 per cent. What per cent. would I have lost, had I sold both horses for $500?
4. Amount, $545 ; rate, 6 per cent .; time, one year and six months. Find the principal and interest.
5. What number is that whose square is 223 per cent. of the cube of 8 ?
6. Find the sum of 30 terms of the series 1, 4, 7, 10, etc.
7. The first term of an increasing series is 2; the ratio, 4. What is the sum of the first seven terms ?
8. The area of a right-angled triangle is 30 sq. ft .; the base 72 ft. Find the hy- potenuse.
9. If a 4-cent loaf weigh 9 oz. when flour is $8 per bbl., what will it weigh when flour is $16 per bbl.
315
STATE COMMISSIONER OF COMMON SCHOOLS.
10. A can perform a piece of work in ¿ of a day, B in 5 days. How long would it take both to perform it ?
ORTHOGRAPHY.
Corruptible.
Indefeasible.
Incorrigible.
Inevitable.
Irresistible.
Indispensable.
Audible.
Ténable.
Reversible.
Tangible.
GEOGRAPHY.
Present your MSS. neatly folded with your name, number, residence and subject of examination plainly written across one end.
(1). Which State (of the U. S. A.) produces the most wheat ? Corn ? Tobacco ? Sugar ? Rice ? Cotton ? Iron ? Coal ?
(2). Name four of the most populous cities of the world, in order of population.
(3.) Name the five most populous cities of the U. S. in their order.
(4). Name and locate ten of the principal seaports of the world.
(5). Name the obstructions to navigation between Quebec and Duluth and how. each is overcome.
(6). Take a cargo from port to port, as directed below, changing cargo at each port, and naming character of each cargo and bodies of water passed over. New . Orleans to Chicago, thence to Havre, thence to St. Petersburg, thence to Bombay, thence to Yokohama, thence to Melbourne, thence to Cape Town, thence to Naples, thence to Lisbon, thence to Halifax, thence to New York.
DARKE COUNTY.
ARITHMETIC AND ALGERA.
1. How would you explain to a class that 1 hour of time = 15° of longitude ?
2. Explain the difference of simple, annual, and compound interest.
3. Two ships sail at the same time from the same place; the one due north 8 miles an hour, the other due east 6 miles an hour ; how far are they apart in 5 hr. ?
4. If the diameter of the earth is 11 times that of the moon, how many per cent. larger is the earth than the moon ? How many per cent. smaller is the moon than the earth ?
5. A's age is 20 years ; B's age is equal to A's and one-third of C's; and C's age is equal to A's and B's together. What are the ages of B and C?
6. Required the surface of a cube containing 4096 cubic meters.
7. What per cent. on the investment do U. S. 4} per cents yield, if bought at 108, gold being 105 ?
8. The amount of a certain principal for a certain time, at 4 per cent. simple interest, is $2,838.33}, and at 9 per cent. is $3,261.25. Required the principal and time.
9. How many feet board measure are in a 2-inch plank, 12 feet 6 inches long and 2 feet and 3 inches wide ?
10. Find the area of a field in the shape of an equilateral triangle, the perimeter of which is 624 rods.
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ANNUAL REPORT.
1. What two quantities between x - 3 and x3 - 3x2 4x + 12 have the former for their G. C. D. and the latter for their L. C. M .?
2. A general drew ur his men in the form of a square and had 1 man left over; being re-enforced by 423 men, he was enabled to increase the side of the square by 4 men. How many men had he at first ?
3. Given x + V x : x-Vx : 3 V x + 6 : 2 x to find value of x.
4. Two towns are 168 miles apart. A leaves L at the same time B leaves M. In how many days will they meet, if A's rate of travel is 3 miles the first day, 5 the second, 7 the third, etc., and B's rate is 4 miles the first day, 6 the second, 8 the third, etc.
5. Prove that a - b > ( Va-vb)2 when a > b and both are positive.
THEORY AND PRACTICE AND GEOGRAPHY.
1. Would you punish pupils ? If so, how? If not, how would you avoid it ?
2. Name six characteristics of your ideal teacher.
3. What should pupils in the first and second readers be taught ? How ?
4. How would you advance pupils in the art of composing and declaiming ?
1. What does a thorough knowledge of geography embrace ?
2. For what are the banks of New Foundland noted ?
3. About what is the air-line distance between Washington and San Francisco ?
4. When we have summer in what part of the world is it winter ?
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