USA > Ohio > Annual report of the State Commissioner of Common Schools, to the Governor of the State of Ohio, for the year 1880 > Part 28
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5. Make out a bill containing six items.
6. A man sold two horses at $180 each ; on one he gained 20 per cent., and on the other he lost 20 per cent. Did he gain or lose by the transaction, and how much ?
7. A man's marked price of an article is 40 per cent. above cost, but he agrees to "throw of" 30 per cent. of his marked price; what profit has he left ?
8. What sum invested at 52 per cent. will yield an annual income of $1,000 ?
9. For what sum must a note, payable in 90 days, be drawn to produce $475 when discounted at 7 per cent. per annum ?
10. I have two boxes in the form of cubes, whose sides are respectively 4 feet and 7 feet. The first will hold 256 packages of a certain size; how many similar packages will the other hold ?
THEORY AND PRACTICE.
1. Name five things which you consider the most important for every child to learn, naming them in the order of their relative importance.
2. How does the improvement of the faculty of memory rate with that of the other faculties of the mind ?
3. How can memory be best trained ?
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STATE COMMISSIONER OF COMMON SCHOOLS.
4. What do you understand by Physical Education ?
5. What place should physical training occupy in the schools ?
6. What rules should be observed in regard to the ventilation of the school- room ?
7. What is the best method of lighting a school-room, with reference to direc- tion and quantity ?
8. What educational work or works have you read during the last year, and what help have you got from the reading ?
9. Give an account of the "Natural Method" of teaching, showing upon what principles it is based.
10. What is a "natural punishment?" Illustrate by one or more examples from your own experience, if you have taught.
GRAMMAR.
1. Give the participles of the verb to write.
2. Give the plural of focus, radius, pailful, company, cherub, lady and axis.
3. Give the past perfect tense, potential mode, passive voice, of "to strike."
4. Correct: Either John or I are in the wrong.
5. Define mode, case, gender, person, declension, conjugation and parsing.
6. Write the names of all the modes and tenses.
7. What determines the part of speech to which a word belongs ?
8. Write a complete sentence containing a verb in the indicative mode, future perfect tense.
9. How many classes of pronouns are there ?
10. Alike for feast and fight prepared, Battle and banquet both they shared.
Parse the italicized words.
Write, as a specimen of penmanship: Cherubusco, Admonition.
GEOGRAPHY.
1. What lakes form the source of the river Nile, and what peculiarities belong to that river ?
2. Route by water from Steubenville to Cleveland.
3. Name three bays and three gulfs in the Western Continent.
4. Bound Ohio, name four rivers, and four largest cities.
5. Why are the countries of Southern Europe so much warmer than countries of the same latitude in the U. S. ?
6. Mention some parts of the U. S. included in the same latitude as Southern Europe.
7. What mountain system in the Western part of South America ?
8. What lands are separated, and what waters connected by the following straits : Strait of Magellan, S. of Behrings, S. of Dover, S. of Gibralter ?
9. On what waters are the following cities situated : London, Naples, Paris, New York, Galveston, and Rio Janeiro?
10. What rivers and mountain ranges would be crossed in going in a straight line from Washington, D. C., to the Pacific Ocean ?
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ANNUAL REPORT.
PENMANSHIP.
Write the following lines as a specimen : Hail, holy Light! offspring of heaven first-born, Or of the Eternal co-eternal beam, May I express thee unblamed ? since God is light, And never but in unapproached light Dwelt from eternity, dwelt then in the, Bright effluence of bright essence increate.
-- Milton.
ORTHOGRAPHY.
1. What efforts are making to get rid of some of the irregularities of English spelling ? What good reasons for desiring the proposed changes ?
2. What do you consider the best way to teach spelling? Why ?
3. Give rule for writing the present participle of come, die, singe ?
4. What letters of our alphabet are without proper sounds of their own-are used only as substitutes ?
5. Give a list of ten letters-5 vowels and 5 consonants-used as substitutes, with their equivalents.
6. Show the pronunciation of the following words by the use of diacritical marks . and accent marks: Italics, inquiry, zoology, docile, discipline. Mark the quantity of the vowels, also.
7. When do nouns ending in o add s to form the plural, and when es ? Give examples.
8. What are prefixes ? Suffixes ? Affixes ?
9-10. Spell the ten words pronounced to you.
Rheumatic.
Reconnoissance.
Separate.
Conqueror.
Trisyllable.
Testimony.
Raspberry.
Raingauge.
Mediterranean.
Schism.
LAWRENCE COUNTY.
GRAMMAR.
1. How are words classified according to their syllables, according to their formation, according to their use ?
2. Give possessive case, singular and plural, of boy, lady, man, flea, and ox.
3. What is it to decline a noun, or a pronoun ? Decline child and I.
4. Why are "an" and "a" considered the same word ? When should "an" be used ? When "a"?
5. Mention some adjectives that are singular and some that are plural.
6. What is voice ? And what is said of such verbs as "are come" and "is gone ?"
7. Mention the chief particulars in which participles and infinitives agree.
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STATE COMMISSIONER OF COMMON SCHOOLS.
8. Write six sentences to illustrate different constructions of the relative "that".
9. How many variations of the verb "to be" are there ? Give them.
10. Analyze the following, and parse the words italicized : He had not had food for more than two days."
GEOGRAPHY.
1. Into how many branches is the science of Geography divided ? Define each branch.
2. What is the earth's ecliptic? What is the position of the earth's axis to its ecliptic, and what is it called ?
3. Of what is the earth's surface composed ?
4. Name the principal rivers of Maine. Where do they rise ? Which way do they flow, and into what do they empty their waters ?
5. Name the principal mountain chains of the New England States.
6. Name the political divisions of Europe and their forms of government.
7. What rivers flow into the Arctic, Caspian and Black Seas ?
8. Describe the "Great Low Plain" of Europe. How is it bounded, and what political divisions does it embrace ?
9. Where do the Yenisei, the Lena, and Obi rivers rise ? What direction do they flow, and into what do they empty ?
10. Describe the Australian Continent, and name its political divisions.
ARITHMETIC.
1. When the polls closed, on last Tuesday, in New York, what was the time in Ironton ?
2. Write one-ninth per cent. in three ways.
3. The sum of three numbers is 162; what is each number, if they are to each other as 5, 6 and 7?
4. A merchant sold a bill of goods at 60, 10, 10, 10, 10 and 5 per cent. discount ; what was the rate of discount ?
5. If I should buy stock in the Portsmouth and Petersburg Railroad ($50) at 8 per cent. premium, and sell it at a loss of $5 a share, what would be the rate of dis- count ?
6. What is annual interest ? What is the amount of a note for $975 for 4 years, interest payable annually, at 6 per cent., if no payments are made ?
7. In a hogshead containing 8 cu. ft., how many more gallons of wine measure than of beer measure ?
8. What must be asked for a farm which cost $8,160, so that after raising the price 33} per cent., I may gain 83 per cent. on the cost ?
9. If 7 horses or 6 cows can eat 5 6-11 tons of hay in 17 days, how long will the same amount last 6 horses and 7 cows ?
10. How many copies of a duodecimo book can be printed on 6 bales, 3 bundles 15 quires of paper, using 10 sheets per volume ?
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ANNUAL REPORT.
THEORY AND PRACTICE.
1. Define punctuality, and state why it should be enforced at school.
2. What objects are attained by the pupil's analysis of problems in arithmetic ?
3. In what ways may children be taught how to study ?
4. What are the specific objects to be attained by school recitation ?
5. What powers of the mind should be specially cultivated during the first year of a child's school life ?
6. Solve and explain, as you would for a class that had failed to see the "where- fore" of the process, the following: Multiply 2-3 by 5-7.
LOGAN COUNTY.
me"Communicating or using memoranda, or text-books, forfeits a certificate. Be careful to leave a stamped envelope addressed to yourself.
Examination will close precisely at 4 o'clock P. M.
ARITHMETIC.
1. A stationer lost 26 per cent. by selling paper at $2.22 a ream. What did he pay for it ?
2. A druggist gained 125 per cent. by selling alcohol for $3.50 per gallon. What did he pay for it?
3. When gold is selling at $1.25, what is the value in gold of a United States greenback for $10?
4. If a person who is insured for $5,000 at an annual premium of $28.90 per $1,000, dies after 9 payments, how much more will his heirs get than has been paid in premiums ?
5. If a man insures his life for $5,000, paying $22.90 per $1,000, and dies imme- diately after paying his annual premium for 30 years, what is the result of the invest- ment, reckoning simple interest at 6 per cent. on the premiums paid ?
6. 55 miles minus 13 miles 7 furlongs 39 rods 5 yards and 2 feet equals what ?
7. A person had a gift of $100 a year from his birth until he became 21 years old. These sums were deposited in a bank, and drew simple interest at 6 per cent. How much was due him when he became of age ?
8. A standard bushel is 183 inches in diameter and 8 inches deep. How many solid feet does it contain ?
9. The diameter of a sphere is 8 feet. How many cubic feet does it contain ?
10. Give the reasons for your method of finding the complete divisor in extract- ing the square root of a number; also reasons for your method of finding the com- plete divisor in extracting the cube root of a number.
GEOGRAPHY.
1. What is descriptive geography ? Wherein does geography differ from geology ?
2. Locate three principal water sheds of North America.
3. Describe the drainage of Ohio.
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STATE COMMISSIONER OF COMMON SCHOOLS.
4. Where is the sun vertical to-day at 2 P. M., Columbus time ?
5. What are the tropics ? What is the ecliptic? A great circle ?
6. How many States in the United States? Which one was admitted last ? What is the difference between a State and a Territory ?
7. Through what States, and near what cities does the fortieth parallel of north latitude pass ?
8. 'Whence do we receive the following : coffee, rice, oranges, bananas, tea, nut- megs ?
9. Name four principal ports of the U. S.
10. How would you pass from Chicago to Harrisburg by water ?
GRAMMAR.
1. Define grammar, science, language.
2. Define case, inflection, declension.
3. What is the meaning of the word apposition, and when is one word in appo- sition with another ?
4. What constitutes an element of the first-class ? Of the second-class ? Of the third-class ?
5. What is the difference of meaning in these expressions: "If he go I will stay." "If he goes I will stay." What is the mood of the verbs go, and goes ?
6. What may be the predicate of a sentence ? What do you mean by copula ?
7. Do infinitives and participles have subjects ? If they have subjects what is their case ? How many uses has the infinitive ?
8. How may an abridged sentence be expanded, and vice versa ?
9. Parse words in italics : If he prove to be what he claims, it is indeed sad.
10. Analyze :
"The pound of flesh which I demand of him, So dearly bought; is mine ; and I will have it ; If you deny me, fie upon your law."
THEORY AND PRACTICE.
1. There are three qualifications requisite in teaching, and indispensable to a high degree of success. Name them.
2. What reasons can you give for classifying, or teaching the different branches in classes ?
3. What are your methods of drawing from the scholar those actions of mind that are such powerful stimulants to exertion ?
4. How do you effect in your pupils a zest for study ?
5. What is the first object in a recitation ?
6. How do you secure the attention of your class during a recitation ?
7. In what way do you throw that life and variety into this exercise that is so necessary to success ?
8. What are your methods of obtaining and retaining order ?
9. Do you aim at perfect quietness in your school ?
10. Have you not always found that the exercise of good common sense on your own part is so beneficial that your failures in this respect, caused the failures in your schools ?
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ANNUAL REPORT.
MADISON COUNTY.
ARITHMETIC.
1. A bicyclist can run 20 miles with, and 16 miles against the wind per hour. How far can he go and return in 5.4 hours ?
2. In an orchard, ¿ the trees are apple, 4 pear, ¿ plum, 60 peach and 40 cherry ; how many trees are in the orchard ?
3. Bought pork at 5c. per lb., and lost 15 per cent. in smoking; for how much per lb. must I sell it to gain 25 per cent. on the investment?
4. What will be the cost at 23c. per cu. yd. of excavating a cellar, 17 ft. long, 16 ft. wide and 7 ft. deep ?
5. A and B together have $116.76. 3 of $ of A's equals 2 of 5 of B's; how much has each ?
6. A ladder placed 8 feet from the base of a building, 40 feet high, just reaches to the top ; how far must it be pulled out at the bottom, to come down 10 feet from the top ?
7. A's age is 20 years. B's equals A's and } of C's, and C's equals A's and B's. What is the age of each ?
8. What is the gain per cent. when § of the cost is received for 2 of the goods ?
9. A and B can do a work in 2 days. A can do & as much as B. In what time can each do it ?
10. When flour is worth #8.50 per barrel, the 10c. loaf weighs 72 oz. What will be the price of flour when the 10c. loaf weighs 62 oz .?
GEOGRAPHY.
1. Define latitude and longitude, and tell what point on the earth's surface has neither .
2. Describe the solar system, and name the eight principal planets in their order from the sun.
3. Describe the ecliptic, and give the causes of the changes of the seasons.
4. Do great and small circles differ in the number of degrees in each? If not, in what do they differ ?
5. What is meant by the "land hemisphere ?" In what part of the earth is its centre ?
6. What are trade winds, and what is the cause of the direction of each ?
7. Bound the most northern State in the United States. Give its capital, and its most important manufacturing city.
8. Give a description of Ohio, as to its position, outline and area. In what part are its coal deposits ?
9. Name and locate five river ports on the Mississippi. ·
10. Bound Mexico, and give its principal mountain chain. What are its princi- pal agricultural and mineral products ?
GRAMMAR.
1. Define a defective, a redundant, and an irregular verb.
2. What does the infinitive represent, and how ? How many, and what uses of it are there ?
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STATE COMMISSIONER OF COMMON SCHOOLS.
3. What is the difference between an adjective and a participle ?
4. When does a common noun become proper, and a proper noun, common ?
5. What are the classes of numeral adjectives, and what does each denote ?
6. What is the difference between a personal and a relative pronoun ?
%. How is the passive voice formed ?
8. What is a complex element, and what determines its class ?
9. Define a figure of speech, of etymology, and of syntax.
10. Analyze:
"Now came still evening on, and twilight gray
+ Had in her sober livery all things clad."
:
MAHONING COUNTY.
OBSERVATIONS.
1. Write your number and the subject at the head of each paper, and your name at the close.
2. Do not copy the questions, but number your answers to correspond with the questions.
3. Questions not answered are counted as mistakes.
4. Put Penmanship and Arithmetic on the same paper ; take a different paper for each of the other branches. Write on both sides of the paper, if necessary to complete a branch.
5. Any unpermitted communication, consulting text-books or memoranda, or giving or receiving any assistance will forfeit your right to a certificate.
6. Put your work in the form you would require of your class; this form and the neatness of your paper will be considered in grading your work.
7. After commencing a branch, it must be completed before leaving the room.
8. Return the list of questions with your papers.
9. The lists must be taken in the order of their numbers, 1st, Penmanship ; 2d, Arithmetic; 3d, Grammar ; 4th, Geography ; 5th, Orthography; 6th, Theory and Practice.
10. No list, except Penmanship and Arithmetic, will be given to any one for inspection until after noon.
PENMANSHIP.
1. Leave a specimen of your Penmanship.
2. What system of Penmanship will you teach ?
3. How do you teach this subject ?
4. Name the different movements in writing, and describe each.
5. Form all the principles of the system you teach ; analyze the capital U, and tell the height in spaces of the small a, b, f, g and r.
THEORY AND PRACTICE.
1. How many months have you taught ?
2. How many terms have you taught at the same place ?
3. Do you like to teach school ?
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ANNUAL REPORT.
4. Give your view of corporal punishment.
5. What do you consider sufficient education for a common school teacher ?
6. Do you think some persons are more naturally adapted to the business of teaching than others ? Describe the "natural teacher."
7. Do you stand or sit while hearing a recitation ?
8. What are your methods of accomplishing what you think best to be done in regard to whispering?
9. Do you ever give your school "talks" on subjects outside of the text-books ? If so, when and on what subjects ?
GRAMMAR.
1. Define Grammar, Declension, Synopsis, Conjugation, Parsing and Analysis.
2. Form the Possessive Plural of boy, man, lady, sheep and State.
3. Correct, if necessary, and tell why, (a) when the buffalo is wounded, they turn furiously on their pursuers, and sometimes trample him to death. (b) This is a man whom I think needs encouragement. (c) Is James as old as me. (d) John had ought to attend school. (e) The dog laid down.
4. Give a complete synopsis of Teach.
5. Correct the following: youngstown mahoning co O Oct 23 80 a man- chester dear sir your favor of the 20 inst was Recd. [The object of this is to ascer- tain your knowledge of capitalization and punctuation].
6. Give a complete classification of Elements, and define each class.
7. Give a complete classification of Sentences, and define each class.
8. Diagram the following: "Queen Anne whose husband was a Dane, was the last of the Stuarts that reigned in England.
9. Analyze the following:
"Guided thus, O friend of mine, Let us walk our little way, Knowing by each beckoning sign That we are not quite astray."
10. Parse the words in italics.
GEOGRAPHY.
1. Define orbit, poles, island, promontory and archipelago.
2. Define government. Name the different forms of government, and describe each.
3. Draw a map of the British Isles, naming all their boundaries.
4. Bound Mahoning county, and the Western Reserve.
5. How many Electoral Votes have all the States? How many has Ohio ?
6. Bound each of the grand divisions.
7. Name the largest city, the most important mountain, the largest river, and the largest lake in each of the grand divisions.
8. What is the position of the sun at noon to-day to an inhabitant at Quito ?
9. What is the latitude, and what the longitude of a point opposite a place whose latitude is 40 degrees north, and whose longitude is 77 degrees west ?
10. Describe and locate the different races of men.
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STATE COMMISSIONER OF COMMON SCHOOLS.
ARITHMETIC.
[Indicate all your work ; no credit will be given for results only].
1. Divide four and four-tenths by five hundredths ; multiply the quotient by 2.002, and add the product to six millionths.
3 of ₺
2. 33
divided by - plus 4} = what ?
3. A and B agree to do a piece of work for $393. A furnishes 12 men 8 days, B 20 men 5 days. How much should each receive ?
4. A can do a piece of work in 8 days, B in 5 days, and C in 10 days. In what time can they do it working together ?
5. Write the rule for the extraction of the cube root and the legal rule for partial payments in your own language, or in the language of your author.
6. If the use of $1,500 for 3 years, 8 mon., 25 days, is worth $336.25, what is the use of $100 for one year ?- By proportion.
7. What is the interest of £85, 12s., and 6d., English money, for 1 year and 9 months, at 6 per cent. ? Give the answer in denominations of English money.
8. Thirty per cent. of the whole of an article is how many per cent. of two-thirds of it?
9. In a room which is 13 feet long and 12 feet wide, the distance from a lower corner to the opposite upper corner is 20 feet. How many square yards are there in its walls ?
10. What is the weight of a globe whose diameter is eleven times the diameter of another globe of the same material, which weighs 12 pounds ?
ORTHOGRAPHY.
1. Define vocals, sub-vocals and aspirates, and tell how many there are of each.
2. Indicate by diacritic marks the vocal sounds, giving their names and words in which they are used.
3. Whose system of diacritics have you used in your answer to the above question ?
4. Define the following words : Main, capital, pole, right, beech and role. Spell the words in another way and then define them.
5. Form derivative words, using the following affixes, and define them : Al, anti, hyper, mono, pro, trans, ing and ism.
6. Correct the following: Fogy and beginer. Give the rule for spelling author- izing you to make the change.
7. Give a complete analysis of rough.
MEDINA COUNTY.
ARITHMETIC.
1. What is the interest on #52.20 for 2 years, 7 months and 7 days, at 7 per cent .?
2. In what time will $1,800, at 7 per cent., amount to $2,286.15 ?
3. If A can cut a field of wheat in 12 days, and B in 18 days, how long would it take them to cut the wheat if they worked together ?
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ANNUAL REPORT.
4. A pole 136 feet long was in the air and water ; three-fourths (¿) of the length in the air equals two-thirds (3) of the length in the water. What was the length in the air and water respectively ?
5. Four men, A, B, C and D, agree to share $815, in the proportion of one-half, two-thirds, three-fourths and four-fifths. How much should each receive ?
6. What is the side of a large square stick of timber that can be sawed from a log 35 inches in diameter ?
7. What is the square root of 54758 ?
8. What is the cube root of 1860867 ?
9. A merchant sold two boxes of goods for $60 each ; on one he gained 20 per cent., and on the other he lost 20 per cent. Did he gain or lose, and how much ?
10. A number increased by two equals 14. Required the increase per cent.
GRAMMAR.
1. Why is the English language studied in our schools ? Is a text-book neces- sary for the work ?
2. Give an illustration of a primary language, or grammar lesson.
3. What is the relation of composition work to grammar ?
4. Describe a practical method of teaching the use of capitals. Capitalize : "Thanatopsis " first appeared in print in the north american review, a leading quarterly.
The study of greek and latin languages might advantageously be partly replaced by that of anglo-saxon.
5. Why is punctuation a part of grammar ? How do you teach it ? Punctuate: Shakespeare's and everybody's ideal Portia was amiable and noble and loved her husband truly and passionately.
6. Write possessive singular and plural of,-nobody, boss, ox, woman, wife, boy, staff, phenomenon.
7. Parse the starred words. Could* is said by Earl to have acquired its l* by associating with those little words, would* and should.
8. Analyze :
She stitched away
The precious moments given for rest
On needless, frivolous array,
Unmindful of her soul's behest.
9. What do these lines illustrate in Prosody ?
Though long the weary way we tread,
And sorrow crown each lingering year,
No parts we shun, no darkness dread,
Our hearts still whispering, Thou art near.
10. Give your ideas of how persons learn to speak and write good English. Write at least five lines.
WRITING.
1. How much time should writing exercises take ?
2. Should pupils do all their practice drills in their copy-books ?
3. Is it best to teach pupils to write rapidly ? Why ?
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STATE COMMISSIONER OF COMMON SCHOOLS.
4. When should pupils be first taught to write
5. Write a full business letter, ordering a book of some publisher, as a specimen of your writing.
GEOGRAPHY.
1. Name three conditions upon which the climate of a country may depend.
2. Name, in order, the various bodies of water, lakes, rivers, etc., over which you would pass in going by boat from Chicago to New York City.
3. Name two important productions each, of Ohio, California, Massachusetts, France, Brazil.
4. Name two of the chief cotton producing States, two wheat growing States, two gold and silver producing States, two States noted for manufactures, two States noted for the production of lumber.
5. Name the largest three cities of the United States, and the largest two of Ohio." Give some important reasons for the great growth of these cities.
6. Name two countries of Europe which are republics. Name and describe the forms of religion which prevail in them.
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