USA > Ohio > History of the Ohio falls cities and their counties : with illustrations and bibliographical sketches, Vol. I > Part 59
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1850-STATISTICS FROM THE CENSUS.
Another year of the Federal census had come. It made a good showing for the population of Louisville, though not so great as the informal and irregular censuses taken during the previous decade would lead one to expect. The city had now, by this enumeration, 43,194 inhabitants. Her people had again a little more than doubled within ten years. There were 21,210 in 1840 ; 21,984 measured the increase during the decade.
It was the last time that the population of the Falls City would similarly double. The rate of increase for each decade of the next twenty years would near fifty per cent. about as closely as that of the last three decades had neared one hundred. And then in the memorable panic decade the rate would drop suddenly to less than twenty-five.
Most of the following statistics are also from the seventh census. Mr. Casseday, who repro- duces them in his History, made some useful additions to them. He says:
It is believed that the figures in this table are under the actual amounts; it is certain, at any rate, that they do not in any instance exceed the truth :
TABLE OF MANUFACTURES.
No. of factories.
No. of hands.
Annual product.
Animal Charcoal.
2
12
$15,000
Awnings and Tents.
2
12
7.500
Artificial Flowers.
I
3
6,000
Bagging Factories
3
I20
184,000
Bakers ..
96
332
469,200
Bandboxes
3
9
3,800
Baskets.
3
7
5.400
Bellows.
2
7
15,000
Blacking.
3
12
7,500
Blacksmiths
49
254
163.400
Blinds, Venetian.
3
12
14,200
Blocks and Spars.
2
12
7.500
Bootmakers.
63
302
375,100
Brewers .
6
30
108,600
Brushes.
2
9
5,813
Bricks
36
339
224,000
Bristle Dressers
I
3
2,500
Burr Stones.
I
8
12,000
Boiler Makers
7
30
64.200
Candy
9
56
184,800
Camphine, etc.
I
3
31,500
Carpenters
144
916
1,027,600
Cars, etc.
I
100
Carpet Weavers.
2
14
6,000
Coach Makers.
9
98
123,300
Cotton and Wool.
3
135
173,500
Clothing
45
1,157 .
941,500
Composition Roofing
I
Combs.
6
18
9,800
Coopers.
20
60
56,800
Cement.
I
4
10,000
Edge Tools ..
2
9
16,000
Feed- and Flour-mills.
9
47
283,800
Flooring- and Saw-mills
14
190
420,200
Fringes, Tassels, etc ..
I
6
8,700
Furniture.
25
446
638,000
Foundries.
15
930
1,392,200
Glass Cutters
H
3
2,500
Glue
2
6
5,000
Gunsmiths.
4
8
14,000
Glass.
I
50
50,000
Hats
6
68
201,700
Last Makers.
I
2
2,500
Lath Makers
1
4 5,000
302
HISTORY OF THE OHIO FALLS COUNTIES.
No. of factories.
No. of hands.
Annual product.
Lock Makers
6
38
37,400
Leather Splitter
I
I
1,000
Lithographers
2
9
20,000
Looking Glass, etc ..
2
II
12,000
Machinists*
2
5
6,200
Marble Workers ..
4
41
35,000
Mathematical Instrument Makers. .
I
3
6,500
Mustard.
2
13
21,000
Musical Instrument Makers.
3
60
Millinery
35
344
340,000
Oil Cloth
2
12
11,500
Oil Stones.
I
6
22,900
Oil, Lard and Linseed
3
16
140,000
Nails
I
2
3,000
Paper Mill.
I
36
113,000
Plane
3
8
13,000
Platform Scale
I
II
12,000
Patent medicines.
24
127
467,400
Printing Offices
I2
201
214,000
Plows.
4
32
35,000
Perfumery
2
IO
8,000
Pottery.
2
14
11,500
Pork House.
4
475
1,370,000
Pumps.
3
16
15,100
Rope ..
II
I66
460,000
Saddlery
17
II4
236,000
Saddle Trees.
I
7
7,500
Soap and Candles
6
59
409,000
Starch
I
8
20,000
Steamboat Carpenterst.
4
75
235,000
Stocking Weavers
I
IC
5,000
Silversmiths.
4
18
34,500
Stucco
I
5
7,000
Tobacco and Segars.
82
1,050
1,347,500
Tin, Copper, etc.
17
87
122,300
Tanners
9
64
176,000
Trunks.
3
27
29, 500
Turners+
4
8
11,600
Upholsterers
5
21
56,000
White Lead.
I
8
12,600
Wigs.
I
4
8,000
Whips
I
2
1,500
Wire Workers
2
I2
12,500
Wagons
20
144
184,800
The following memoranda of steamboats for 1850 are added by Mr. Casseday: In 1850 there were employed on 53 steamboats, owned in Louisville, 1,903 hands. The amount of capital invested in these boats was $1,293,300, and the annual product for freight and passage reached $2,549,200.
THE ASSESSMENT
of the year was $11,780,726 for the Western District, $8,671,426 for the Eastern ; total for the city, $20,452, 152.
A NEW CITY CHARTER.
The movements which led to the grant of a new charter for the city of Louisville began with this year. The instrument, when obtained (It went into effect March 24, 1851), made all the city officers elective by the people, instead of ap- pointive in part, as heretofore. The municipal government was lodged in the hands of the Mayor and a bicameral or two-chambered city Legislature, after the plan of State Legislatures, the two houses of which were called, respective- ly, the Board of Aldermen and the Board of Councilmen. This feature of the city govern- ment remains to this day, and has been adopted by Cincinnati and some other municipalities, Mr. Casseday, writing two or three years afterwards, said of the new departure :
Many of the provisions of this charter are found healthful and wise in their operation, while many others are incom- prehensible or impracticable. The first Mayor under this new charter felt himself obliged to resign his office, on the plea of incompetence to perform the duties assigned to him by the instrument. The Council, however, unwilling to dis- pense with so efficient an officer as he had proved himself, continned him in place as " Mayor pro tem." until the end of his term. Experience and the necessities of the city gov- ernment will doubtless, as time progresses, so modify this in- strument as to make its provisions work well and harmo- niously.
This charter also created the Sinking Fund, for the purpose of discharging the existing in- debtedness of the city, which was then little more than $300,000. September 6, 1852, the indebtedness of Portland was added, amounting to about $70,000. By 1859 all the indebted- ness then existing had been cleared by the Fund, except $27,000 which the creditors would not allow to be redeemed.
THE CHOLERA
came again this year, and with a more destructive visitation than ever before to this place. The chief force of the scourge, indeed, seemed this tine to be expended upon Louisville, as if in compensation for comparative exemption hith- erto. From July 23d to 31st, eight days only, the deaths in the city from this cause were one hundred and thirteen, while in Frankfort there were twenty-three, and a few sporadic cases in other parts of the State.
THE EARTHQUAKE
was also an unwelcome visitant of 1850. It came with a single sharp shock at five minutes past
* Most of the machinists are connected with the foundries. + This does not include all steamboat builders.
+ Most of the turners are connected with various factories.
3º3
HISTORY OF THE OHIO FALLS COUNTIES.
8 o'clock in the evening of April 4, and was expe- rienced throughout the State, though no damage worse than fright was done. In Louisville, how- ever, the people were so much alarmed by it that many rushed terror-stricken into the streets.
THE BISHOP DIES.
The Right Rev. Benedict Joseph Flaget, Catholic Bishop of Louisville, who has been the subject of previous notices in this work, and who was now a feeble and venerable prelate of nearly eighty-seven years, died February 11th, at the Episcopal residence in this city. He was a native of Auvergne, in France, and had been Bishop in Kentucky very nearly forty years. His successor was the Most Rev. . Martin John Spalding, later the seventh Archbishop of Baltimore.
George Gwathmey, Cashier of the Bank of Kentucky, and of the well-known pioneer family, nephew of General George Rogers Clark and son of Owen Gwathmey, died here this year.
A NEW MEDICAL SCHOOL,
bearing the sounding title of the Medical De- partment of the Masonic University of Kentucky, was opened here this year. It did not hold its ground, however, and long since was numbered with the dead.
A LITERARY MATTER.
On the Ist of July all the books, charts, pamphlets, and other property of the Louisville Library were transferred to the city, upon condi- tion that the authorities should provide a suitable building for the collection and appoint four of the seven directors, the stockholders of the library appointing the other three. Four years afterwards, by a tacit understanding rather than formal agreement, the Mechanics' Institute took possession of the collection, and managed the library.
AN EXTRAORDINARY CASE IN OBSTETRICS
has been handed down from this year-the re- puted birth, June 29th, by a colored mother, of seven children-four girls and three boys. They were fully and well-formed, but were still-born.
THE CITY ALMSHOUSE.
This institution, then located on Duncan street, was opened this year.
JENNY LIND HERE.
In early April of this year the memorable Jenny Lind concerts were given in Louisville.
The following account of the visit is by Charles D. Rosenberg, one of the party, in his book on Jenny Lind in America :
It was early on the Sunday morning, somewhere about 3 o'clock, that we arrived at Louisville, and very sincerely can I say that I was never more glad to quit any public con- veyance than I was to leave the E. W. Stephens. For the remainder of the night, or rather of the morning, I went to the Galt House, where I remained in bed till close upon dinner-time. The next day I stowed myself away in the Exchange Hotel, where the greater portion of the orchestra and others of the party were accommodated with rooms. As for Jenny and her companions, they arrived toward the even ing, and became the tenants of a house* which had been placed at their disposal by the proprietors of the Louisville Hotel, in the upper part of Sixth street. They were all well and in raptures with that portion of the Mammoth Cave which they had been able to see, the river which crosses the cavern having been too swollen to give them an opportunity of passing it.
Having little to do in the evening, I took the opportunity of wandering through the town, and was much struck by the absence of the awnings over the streets, which would seem to be a prescriptive feature of all American cities. Certainly at present they were not much needed. Bright and clear as the sky was, the temperature was cold and even bleak, convinc- ing us that we had moved northerly, while a slight touch of frost awoke us in the morning to the feeling that spring had not yet wholly emerged from its chilly youth.
The first concert which was given in the city was crowded.+ Not a seat in the Mozart hall, which had been selected, but was filled and, as in St. Louis, the crowd who stood about the walls might almost exceed belief. Unlike the mob of St. Louis, however, they were not, however, of the most peace- able description, and occasional rows diversified the external entertainments of the evening. In one of them I had the proud satisfaction of seeing a drunken white knock down two "gentlemen of color." Shortly after, feeling inclined for better game, he struck at a white man, who was standing near him. This individual polished him off in a short time, and then consigned him to the care of a policeman. I men- tion this fact simply to show that the inhabitants of Louis_ ville partake very decidedly .of the bellicose disposition, which so strongly characterizes the dwellers in Nashville. Fortunately, they depend rather upon thew and muscle than on small shot and bowie-knives. We were gradually energ- ing from that quarter of the world in which these agreeable referees are appealed to for the purpose of settling every little difference.
I should, prior to my allusion to it at present, have men- tioned the fact that Mr. Barnum had entered into an engage- ment with Signor Salvi, while at the Havana, for the purpose of strengthening their concerts. It would have been impossi- ble for him to find a more admirable tenor in the whole of America. He is a refined and accomplished artist, and al- though, like Belletti, better suited for the stage than the con- cert room, which affords few means for the display of any-
* This house was the private residence of T. L. Shreeve, Esq.
+The first ticket of this concert was sold to Mr. Louis Trippe, at a premium of $100. More than one thousand tickets were sold at premiums ranging from $1 to $9. The gsoss receipts of the concert, as 1 understood, were about $12,000.
304
HISTORY OF THE OHIO FALLS COUNTIES.
thing like histrionic talent, could not fail of becoming a very great addition to the company.
It had been understood that he was to arrive in Louisville in time for the second concert whichwas to be given there, and consequently his name had been inserted in the advertisement. By some mischance he was prevented from coming, and the program was necessarily changed on the Wednesday morn- ing, substituting instrumental music for the pieces which he had been announced to sing. In consequence of this Salvi would not have appeared here, had Mr. Barnum persisted in his intention of giving only two concerts. The inhabitants of Louisville were, however, crazy to have another, and a Mr. Raine offered to purchase a third concert from him for $5.000. It had been settled that we were to start on the Fri- day morning, and indeed our passage had been already taken in the Ben Franklin, which left only one day at Mr. Barnum's disposal, after the close of the Thursday's concert. But for this he himself would certainly have given it. He was there- fore induced to accept the offer made him by Mr. Raine, and after Jenny's sanction had been obtained to this proposal, the concert was announced in the Louisville papers which appeared on the following day.
Salvi had been telegraphed for from Cincinnati five minutes after the arrangements had been concluded. He arrived in Louisville at 10 o'clock in the morning of the Thursday, re- hearsed at 11 o'clock, and sang in the evening. Never, pos- sibly, have ] heard him in better voice than he was on this occasion .- N. B. a vocalist is always in excellent voice on the first night of his engagement-and very certainly never have I heard him sing better. Indeed, such was the popu- larity of Mademoiselle Lind and of Belletti, and the addi- tional attraction given to the concert by the presence of Signor Salvi, that considerably more than $6,500 were real- ized by it in the course of the day, putting into Mr. Raine's pocket the very handsome sum of $1, 500 on his one night's speculation.
In this concert Salvi sang, when he first appeared, the well-known duet from Donizetti's L'Elisir d' Amore-"Voglio dire," with Belletti. Both singers delivered this exquisite duet charmingly, and the applause which was awarded them at once convinced us how much the concerts would gain by the presence in them of such an artist. After this he gave a cavatina of Verdi's and the favorite romance of " Spirito on- de l'alina," from the Favorita of Donizetti. Nothing could well have been more beautifully rendered than was this last. I have heard Mario sing it, and, save that his voice is some- what fresher, cannot prefer him to Salvi, and indeed, he is the only tenor with whom this singer could be compared, at present, upon the Italian stage. Suffice it that it was re- warded with as warm an encore as I have ever heard given to a male singer in a concert-room. In fact, nothing could have been more triumphant than was his debut, and this must have amply satisfied Mr. Barnum of the good sense which suggested the engagement to him and the wisdom which induced him to conclude it.
On the following morning we started on the river-road to Cincinnati in the Ben Franklin, the finest steamer, next to the Magnolia, which we had yet seen on the waters of West- ern America.
DR. DRAKE'S SCIENTIFIC ACCOUNT.
The following notice is comprised in Dr. Drake's large work on the Principal Diseases of the Interior Valley of North America, published in Cincinnati this year:
The city of Louisville is in north latitude 38° 3', and west longitude 85° 30'. Its position in reference to the river, the Falls, the estuary of Beargrass, and the pondy terrace to the south, may be seen in Plate XI. In former umes a large portion of its dwelling houses were built with basements above the ground, to avoid the dampness of the surface. The change in that fashion which is going on, indicates the progressive drying of the soil. The houses are chiefly of brick. Several of the streets are unusually wide. No parts of the city are very compactly built. Its spread has been up and down the river, much more than from it, as the swales and ponds in its rear have limited its extension in that direc- tion. The descent of the streets near the river is such as to admit of successful drainage, but at the distance of a few squares from the bank the levelness is so great as to interfere materially with the discharge of the contents of the gutters into the sewer which has been dug behind the town, the out- let of which is into the Ohio some distance below the Falls. The fuel of the city, formerly wood alone, is now chiefly coal. It has no hydrant system, and well water is in uni- versal use. Its manufacturing establishments are not suf- ficiently numerous and extensive to merit the attention of the etiologist, with the single exception of hemp-carding and spinning. Louisville was originally settled by emigrants from Virginia, but at the present time its population includes peo- ple from most of the States, and also from various kingdoms. of Europe, of whom the Germans are the most numerous.
Dr. Drake adds an interesting paragraph con- cerning the autumnal fevers, which had not then wholly disappeared :
From the earliest period of its settlement, the whole plateau, from the Falls to Salt river, has been infested with autumnal fevers, intermittent and remittent, simple and ma- lignant. They still prevail; but wherever clearing, cultiva- tion, and draining have extended, they have signally dimin- ished. Some portions, however, have repelled those who, settling upon, might have transformed them, and still remain unclaimed. Louisville itself offers a beautiful example of the influence of civic improvements, in destroying the topograph- ical conditions on which these fevers depend. For a long time, when its population was small and scattered, its streets unpaved, and its outlots overspread with small swamps and shallow ponds, the annual invasions of autumnal fevers were severe; and in 1822, a sickly year over the West generally, it was scourged almost to desolation. With increasing density of population, however, and the consequent draining, culti- vation, and drying, a great amelioration has taken place, and fever, especially the intermittent form, is now a rare occur- rence in the heart of the city; but as we advance into the sub- urbs, the disease increases. Thus a difference of a few squares gives a striking difference in autumnal health.
To the east, the people on both sides of Beargrass are pe- culiarly subject to fever, and to the west those of Shipping- port, situated, as we have seen, in a low river-bottom, are equally liable.
1851-A NEW CITY CHARTER.
The second charter granted by the Legislature to the city of Louisville dates from March 24 of this year. It was accounted a great improve ment upon the original instrument.
305
HISTORY OF THE OHIO FALLS COUNTIES.
CALAMITIES.
The cholera was again pretty bad at Louisville, thirty-one of her citizens being taken off by it during the three days August 13 to 16.
The destruction by fire, September 29, of the buildings occupied by the Kentucky Institution for the Education of the Blind, near the city, was also justly regarded as a public calamity, though no lives were lost. It was two years and a half, February 11, 1854, before the State Legis- lature appropriated $25,000 for the rebuilding of the structures. March 3, 1856, $20,000 more were appropriated to finish them.
RAILROADS.
Propositions were before the Assembly this year, among others, one for State aid, by way of stock subscription, to the amount of $900,000 for a railway from Louisville to some point on the Mississippi river, $500,000 to the Louisville & Nashville road, and $100,000 for a branch from the Louisville & Frankfort railroad to Danville, in case a like amount should be other- wise raised and expended on the road by the company. All the appropriations, however, with others of the kind, failed of passage in the Sen ate by a vote of eighteen to twelve.
The iron road from Louisville to Frankfort was completed this year, and that from Louisville to Nashville was under contract and in course of construction. The city issues bonds this year in aid of its railroads.
SUPREME COURT DECISION.
Mr. Collins includes the following note in his Annals :
1851, january 4 .- United States Supreme Court dismisses the writ of error in the case of Strader & Gorman vs. Chris- topher C. Graham, brought up from the Kentucky Court of Appeals. The latter court had affirmed the decree of the Louisville Chancery Court, giving Dr. Graham $3,000 dam- ages against the owners of the mail-steamboat Pike, for transporting, without Dr. Graham's consent, his three negro men (musicians at the Harrodsburg Springs) from Louisville to Cincinnati, whence they made their escape to Canada.
A COLD SPRING.
The same authority also furnishes the follow- ing:
May I .- Continuation of the coldest spring ever known in Northern Kentucky; heavy black frost, the most severe since April 26, 1834, destroying whole orchards of fruit, the grapes, and many tender trees; fires and overcoats indispensable to personal comfort; thermometer twenty degrees to twenty-eight degrees above zero,
THE PORK BUSINESS
this year, as was ascertained at the end of the season, amounted to the packing of 195,414 hogs. It was expected that even this large num- ber would be exceeded by ten per cent. the next year.
THE LOUISVILLE FEMALE SEMINARY.
This time-honored institution-"an honor to the city in which it is established," says another --- was founded this year by Mrs. William B. Nold, who has since conducted it most success- fully, assisted for many years by her daughter, Miss Annie F. Nold. During its thirty years of existence it has had a total of several thousand pupils in attendance, of whom more than two hundred have graduated.
THE PUBLIC SCHOOLS
took a new departure in 1851, under the new city charter. The old Jefferson Seminary, now the Academical Department of the University of Louisville, was at last made a free school, as also the Female High School, and indeed all the public schools of the city. Government im- provements were now introduced in the system of public education, which will be stated at length in a future part of this volume.
THE GOVERNMENT BUILDING,
still occupied by the Post-office, the Custom- house, and other Federal offices, was erected this year, at a cost of $246,640. It was then con- sidered a very imposing and ornamental public edifice.
NEW MASONIC LODGES.
Compass Lodge, No. 223, Free and Accepted Mason, was chartered by the Grand Lodge Au- gust 27th. Mr. E. S. Craig was its first Master.
Willis Stewart Lodge, No. 224, was chartered the same month. First Master, Sylvester Thomas.
1852-SOME STATISTICS.
The valuation tax-assessment in 1851 had been, in the Western District, $13,146,079, in the Eastern $10,249.512, and in the whole city $23,393,591. The corresponding figures for this year were $14,363,023, $11,383,761, and $25,- 746,784-an increase of $2,353, 193.
Mr. Casseday puts the population in 1852 at
39
306
HISTORY OF THE OHIO FALLS COUNTIES.
51,726. This is specific, and seems to be the result of an actual enumeration, and not of an estimate. It shows an increase of 8,532 upon the census of 1850, or 4,266 a year, against an average growth of but 2,480 per year, or 16,307 in all, during the remaining eight years of the decade, when the official figures, at 68,033, are reached. Still, we are inclined to think the statement of 1852 approximately correct.
MR. CASSEDAY'S BOOK.
The most notable event this year is the publi- cation of the valuable and interesting volume to which the Louisville public for the last thirty years and the preparation of this work of ours are so largely indebted-the History of Louis- ville (the first publication in the town which really rises to the dignity of a history), by the well-known journalist, Mr. Ben Casseday. The volume has long been out of print, and copies of it are held at a high rate by the collectors of Americana. It is a neat 16mo. of 255 pages, with an advertising appendix of 38 pages, pub- lished by Hull & Brother, of Louisville, and wholly a home production. Mr. Casseday did faithful, well-directed, and laborious work upon this, and his dates and nanatives are in most cases verified by the other authorities. We are enabled, by his aid, to present a full and graphic pen-picture of the city as it stood in this year of grace 1852. After a tabular statement and some description of the churches in the city, which we shall present in another chapter, he says:
Beside the churches above mentioned, Louisville has also many beautiful public and private buildings. The city is perhaps more thoroughly classified and better arranged, both for business and for comfortable residence, than any other Western place. The wholesale business of the city is entirely confined to Main street, which is more than four miles long, is perfectly straight, and is built up on either side with good, substantial brick buildings for more than half its entire length. The stores, taken as a whole, are the largest and finest warehouses anywhere to be seen, having fronts of from twenty to thirty feet and running back from one hundred and ten to two hundred feet, and three to five stories in height. The houses thus referred to occupy the most central part of the business street and extend from First to Sixth cross streets, a distance of 5,040 feet in a direct line. On the north side of Main street, throughout this whole extent, there are but two retail stores of any kind, and even these only sell their goods at retail because they are enabled to do so without interference with their wholesale trade. On the south side of the same street are about twenty of the fashionable shops side by side with many of the largest wholesale houses. Market street is exclusively devoted to the retail business. It is on this street that the principal small transactions in country produce are made. With the exception of the squares
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