USA > Ohio > History of the Ohio falls cities and their counties : with illustrations and bibliographical sketches, Vol. I > Part 63
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There were seven saw-mills, one with a lath- machine, five planing-mills, sixteen tan-yards, twenty-seven blacksmith and wagon-shops, two shops of steamboat smiths, one shop for forging steamboat-shafts, etc., fourteen breweries, three ship yards, each building about fifteen steamers a year, one glass-works and one glass-cutting factory, several glass-staining establishments, twenty-six cooper-shops, many of them large, fif- teen lumber-yards, one ivory-black factory, six soap- and candle-factories, two of them very large, three brush factories, three comb factories, one file factory, cight tobacco and two cotton factories, one bell foundry, one alcohol factory, three chair-factories, one mill and mill-stone fac- tory, four potteries, two whip factories, one chil- dren's car and carriage factory, sixteen carriage shops, eight flour mills, two corn mills, five lard- oil factories, one mustard and spice mill, two spice mills, two steam rope and cordage-mills, one manufactory of wagon and carriage materi- als, eight or ten sarsaparilla and patent-medi- cine factories, six pump and block factories, one boot-tree and last factory, two carpet-weaving es-
tablishments, one corn-broom and wisp factory, three manufactories of gold and silverware and jewelry, one plane factory, four engraving shops, one venetian blind factory, numerous confection- eries, four stock- or cow-bell factories, one wire- cloth weaving establishment, two wig and orna- mental hair shops, two bellows factories, six gas and steam-fitting and plumbing establishments, two woolen mills, five willow-ware factories, four turning shops, one webbing and stocking-weav- ing establishment, two lock and safe factories, two boiler-yards, two plow factories, many bak- eries, seven upholsterers' shops, one white lead and linseed oil factory, several cement factories, five copper, tin aud sheet-iron factories, one bedstead factory, twenty furniture factories, four horse-shoe and wrought-nail factories, four iron- railing, vault, safe, and door factories, two agri- cultural implement factories, eight gun-shops, four looking-glass and picture-frame factories, one silver and brass-plating establishment, twen- ty-one saddle, harness, and trunk factories, seven foundries and machine-shops, two brass foundries, two agricultural foundries, three stove and hol- low-ware foundries, one rolling-mill, the largest manufacturing establishment in Louisville, “mak- ing the best, iron in the United States," one hydraulic foundry and machine-shop, three ma- chine and finishing shops, one wheelbarrow fac- tory, one piano-forte factory, three music-pub- lishers, one rope and bagging factory, one terra cotta works, composition roofing carried on ex- tensively, one cotton-hook factory, one paper- mill, two lithographing establishments, several gilders and platers, two surgical instrument and truss factories, one optical instrument and spectacle factory, one gold-pen factory, fifteen marble-works and stone-yards, several band- and fancy box factories, one scale factory, three oil- cloth and window-shade factories, one bone mill for manure, four organ, melodeon, and accordeon factories, two ornamental carving and sculpture establishments, two fret and scroll sawing estab- lishments, one varnish factory, one saddle-tree factory, the Louisville Chemical Works, ten printing offices, six book-binderies, two glue- factories, one match factory. The local facilities for manufacturing, in the supply of raw material, power, and fuel were thought to be of the best. There were eight pork-houses, employing twelve hundred and sixty hands. The Beargrass Pork-
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HISTORY OF THE OHIO FALLS COUNTIES.
house was the most extensive then in the coun- try. Besides the eight slaughtering and packing establishments, four were devoted to packing and curing. The "boss hutchers" numbered one hundred and seventeen, employing two hundred and eighteen, and $202,040 capital. Three large warehouses were given up to the tobacco trade. With the single exception of New Orleans, it was the largest tobacco-mart in the West.
The wholesale mercantile houses in 1859 in- cluded seven dealing in leather, hides, and find- ings, five in seeds and agricultural implements, six in hats, caps, and turs, forty in groceries, selling annually about $12,000,000 worth, thirty in dry goods, selling $9,000,000 a year, seven in boots and shoes, nine in clothing, thirty in liquor, thirteen in hardware, ten in drugs and medicines, seven in china and queensware.
The chartered banks numbercd seven, with an aggregate capital of $5,310,000, and there were five private banks, with considerably over $1,- 000,000 capital.
The positive indebtedness of the city was $1,467,000, and the contingent indebtedness (bonds for railroads and the gas company) was $1,825,000, making a total of $3,292,000. The assets of the city, in real estate, railway stocks, and the mortgage on the Louisville & Frankfort Railroad, were $4,030,703.56. Bonded indebt- edness to the amount of $393,726 had been paid from the Sinking Fund, and $65,000 invested in six per cent. bonds for similar use. About $200,- ooo more had been used in building five of the market-houses, repairing and making wharves, and repairing the old Court-house. Aid had been voted the Louisville railroads, the gas and water companies, to the total amount of $4,095,- 000, and the issue of $520,000 more in bonds was proposed.
The newspapers and other periodical publica- tions were the Journal, Democrat, Courier, Anzeiger, and Evening Bulletin, all daily ; the Journal, Democrat, Courier, Presbyterian Her- ald, Western Recorder, Christian Union, Ken- tucky Family Journal, The Guardian, Commer- cial Advertiser, and Turf Register, weekly ; The Medical News, The Voice of Masonry, White's Reporter, semi-monthly ; and The Christian Repository and White's Counterfeit Detector, monthly.
The Fire Department was "thoroughly or- ganized, and as efficient as that of any city in the Union." It had five steam-engines, with all necessary appurtenances, sixty-five men, and twenty-three horses, and had cost the public $21,702.86 for the year. Says Mr. Deering : "The number of fires has decreased more than three-fourths under the new organization, and the loss of property is less than one-eighth." .
There were six orphan asylums, four Protest- ant and two Roman Catholic; two public hos- pitals, one sustained by the city, the other by the Federal Government, and several private hos- pitals and infirmaries ; a pest-house ; a city alms- house, with pauper school attached; and the Institution for the Blind.
Cave Hill Cemetery had by this time been very handsomely improved, aud there were also the Eastern or Wesleyan and the Western Ceme- teries.
The churches numbered 15 Methodist, 6 Baptist, 5 Presbyterian, 5 Lutheran, I Associate Reformed, I Unitarian, 1 Universalist, 2 Jew- ish, and 5 Roman Catholic. They had 43 white Sabbath-schools, with 675 teachers and 4,000 pupils, besides 8 for colored children, with 96 teachers and 775 pupils. Total, 51 schools, 771 teachers, 4,775 pupils.
The Masonic order had in the city the Grand Consistory of Kentucky, the Louisville En- campment, the Louisville Council, the Louisville Royal Arch Chapter, King Solomon's Chapter, and the Abraham, Clark, Mt. Moriah, Antiquity, Compass, Mt. Zion, Willis Stewart, Saint George, Tyler, Lewis (at Portland) , Excelsior, Robinson, and Preston Lodges. A Masonic semi-monthly organ, The Voice of Masonry and Tidings of the Craft, was started in Louisville this year by Brother Robert Morris.
The Odd Fellows had twelve Subordinate Lodges, four degree Lodges, and four Encamp- ments, and the Grand Lodge of Kentucky met annually in the city. The sum of $5,585.62 had been expended during the year for relief and other charities.
MINOR MATTERS.
From other sources we have the following par- agraphs for 1859 :
March 28, the Hon. James Guthrie effected sales, among Louisville and other Kentucky cap- italists, of $1,018,000 in bonds of the Louisville
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HISTORY OF THE OHIO FALLS COUNTIES.
& Nashville railroad, at par. This successful transaction caused the early completion of the road.
April 25 died at Shippingport James Porter, the young Kentucky giant, celebrated by Dick- ens in his American Notes, as related in our an- nals of the last decade.
June 10, shares of the Northern Bank of Ken- tucky were sold in Philadelphia at $132 per share.
"Prenticeana," a collection of the witty say- ings of Mr. George D. Prentice through. his news- paper, was among the books of the year.
The flood of this year reached the height, February 20, of 34 feet above the Falls, and 57 feet below.
CHAPTER XI. THE NINTH DECADE.
1860- Population-Assessments-Legislative Excursion in Louisville-House of Refuge-Mr. Guthrie at the Charles- ton Convention-Tornadoes-Earthquake-A Legal De- cision. 1861-Fusion of the Bell-Everett and Douglas Parties in Kentucky-Mr: Guthrie's Union Speech-Bank Bills Vetoed - Union Meeting-Defense of the City - Bank Loans to the State-Kentucky Neutrality-Ship- ments to the South-Recruiting for the Federal Army- The Daily Courier-General Anderson in Command here -Distinguished Army Visitors-Judge Ballard Appointed -Louisville Appointments by the Confederates-Other War Notes-Board of Trade Chartered-Death of Judge Wood and Richard Barnes-Anthony Trollope's Visit. 1862-Bank Items-Navigation on the Ohio-Great Flood -General Boyle -- Premium on Gold-Ho pitals-General Morgan's Raid-Journals Suppressed-Arrests-Steamer Burned-Colonel Dent's Appointment-Louisville Dailies Instructed-Kentucky Legislature Meets in Louisville- The City Fortified-Buell's Army Arrives-General Nelson Killed-Battle of Perryville, or Chaplin Hills-John Wilkes Booth in Louisville-Courier Sold. 1863-A Revolution- ary Veteran-Premiums on Gold-Votes for Emancipation -Cotton Sold-State Conventions -- The Mayoralty-To- bacco Factories Close-General Buckner's Furniture Con- fiscated-Ex-Governor Wickliffe-Another Morgan Raid- Bank Stocks-The State Election-A Conviction for Treas- on-Railroad Guage Altered-Confederate Officers Re- taken-Slave Sale. 1864-The Cold New Year's-Bank Dividends-Saloons Closed-National Bank Notes-State Conventions-General Crittenden Acquitted-State To- bacco Fair-Large Fire-Confederate Prisoners-General James P. Taylor Dead-Negro Regiments-Senator Mal- lory Killed-Many Arrests-Negroes Seized-Marketing -Confiscations-Confederates Executed-Political Prison-
ers Released-The Hog Orders-Tobacco Sold-More Ar- rests-Street Railway-The True Presbyterian Again Sup- pressed-Mr. Prentice Goes to Richmond. 1865-Galt House Burned-The New Galt House-Mr. Guthrie Elected United States Senator-Guerrilla Executed-Rail- road Tariff-Jefferson County Circuit Court-Guerrillla Raid into Louisville-Bounty Fund-Freshet-Guerrilla Hanged-Public Meeting-Chief Justice Bullitt Re- moved-Faro Banks Closed-Income Taxes-Slaves Escaping-Falls City Tobacco Bank. 1866-The Mayor- alty-Murder of Rev. T. J. Fisher-The Grant Bank- Guerrilla Convicted-Removal of the State Capital- President Johnson's Policy Approved-Thomas Smith Dies-Dr. Robinson Returns -- Mr. Henderson Arrested- Distilleries Closed-Democratic State Convention-Cap- tain Thomas Joyes Dies-National Tobacco Fair-Judge Harbeson's Decision-Death of G. A. Caldwell and Ex- Mayor Kaye-Banquet to Prentice-Cholera Case in Court-Assessments-Fees. 1867-Railroad Subscription -Court of Common Pleas-The Flood-State Capital- New Apportionment-New Theater-State Convention- Deaths of Colonel O'Hara and Dr. R. J. Breckenridge, Jr. -- Unveiling of the Clay Statne-Mr. Prentice's Poem- Corner-stone of the Bridge Laid-The Journal-Mr. Bunch Elected Speaker-Death of Major Throckmorton- Assessments. 1868-General Breckenridge-Deaths of John H. Harney and Judge Monroe-Resignation of Senator Guthrie-Hon. James Speed-Cotton Mill Char- ters-Income Taxes-Railroad Subscription-State Fenian Society-Federal Dead at Louisville-General Buckner- Deaths of Rev. B. J. Spalding, Leonard Jones, General H. E. Read, William Garvin, ex-Governor Morehead, and Catherine Carr-The Courier-Journal-Henry Watterson -Mechanics' Building Association. 1869-The Blind In- stitution-Negro Testimony-Gas Company Re-chartered -Death of General Roussean and James Guthrie-The Short Line Railroad Finished-Decoration Day-Colored Educational Convention-State Teachers' Association- Colonel Whitely Dead-Railroad Consolidation-Mrs. Porter Appointed Postmistress-Commercial Convention- Relief of the Poor-Death of Judge Nicholas-State House of Reform-Suicide of Judge Bryant-The Daily Commercial-Baptists' Orphans' Home-Assessments.
1860-POPULATION.
The eighth census exhibited a population of 68,033 for Louisville, against 43,194 in 1850. This was an increase of 24,839, or nearly fifty per cent. The county had grown by nearly 30,000 (from 59,831 to 80,404), but only 4,734 outside of the city. The State rose in the de- cade from 982,405 to 1,155,684, or 173/3 per cent, the smallest rate of increase since its set- tlement, except in the ten years 1830-40, when the rate was 1373 per cent. Jefferson county had 77,093 white residents, 10,304 slaves, and 2,007 free colored persons. The slave popula- tion of the State increased but seven per cent during the decade.
THE ASSESSMENTS
of the year were of real estate, $27,223,128; per-
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HISTORY OF THE OHIO FALLS COUNTIES.
sonal property, $462,243; merchandise, $5, 165,- 250; residuary, $.4,480,300; total, $37,330.921. The taxation per $100 was-for the city, $1.45; railroads, 25 cents ; State, 20 cents.
EVENTS OF THE YEAR.
January 24, there was a grand fraternization in Louisville of the Legislatures of Kentucky and Tennessee, on their way to visit the General Assembly of Ohio. They were very cordially received, and most hospitably entertained by the municipal authorities and citizens generally.
March 25 the city council set apart the tract of land south of the limits, known as Oakland cemetery, for the purposes of a house of refuge, and appropriated $60,000 for buildings and equipment, with a board of trustees in charge, chosen from among the best citizens. The insti- tution was opened in 1866, and is now one of the most notable features of public administration in or about the city.
May Ist, at the Democratic National conven- tion which assembled in Charleston, South Carolina, to nominate a candidate for the Presi- dency, the Hon. James Guthrie, of Louisville, received 6512 votes. He had subsequently a small vote at the adjourned convention, which met in Baltimore June 23d.
On the 21st of the same month the most de- structive tornado ever known in the Valley of the Ohio swept through it for nearly a thousand miles. The loss of life and property was im- mense. Almost one hundred persons were killed or drowned, most of them from small vessels on the river, and the loss of property was estimated at $1,000,000. Mr. Collins says in his Annals: "Along the river counties many barns, outhouses, and a few dwellings were blown down, other buildings unroofed or a wall forced in, nearly all the timber on many farms prostrated, cattle killed and people injured by the limbs of trees carried through the air, steamboats wrecked, coal and other boats sunk. The tornado passed from Louisville to Portsmouth, Ohio, two hun- dred and forty-five miles, desolating a space some forty miles wide in two hours. In some neigh- borhoods hail destroyed the growing crops. Oid residents speak of a similar tornado, but less severe, in 1807."
Six days afterwards, on Sunday, another wind- storm swept through the Louisville region, doing
much damage to buildings, growing crops, etc., but killing or injuring nobody.
August 7th, at 7:30 A. M., a slight shock of earthquake, which was severe at Henderson, was felt in Louisville.
The secession fever was now (after the Novem- ber election) in the air, and the city had its full share in the agitations of the time. December 24th Judge Muir, of the Jefferson Circuit Court, decided that the military law passed by the Leg- islature the previous winter, was not in conflict with the State constitution nor the law of Con- gress in regard to the State militia.
1861.
The storm was now rapidly thickening. Jan- uary 8th, the State Constitutional Union (or Bell and Everett) Convention, and the Demo- cratic Union (Douglas) Convention met in the city, had a series of resolutions prepared by a joint committee of conference, and unanimously adopted by both conventions, acting separately. They will be found in our chapter on the Military Record of Jefferson county. The parties repre- sented were now united in this State.
March 16th, the Hon. James Guthrie, ex-Sec- retary of the Treasury, made a pronounced plea for the integrity of the Union, to an audience of his fellow-citizens of Louisville.
March 22d, Governor Beriah Magoffin gave his official veto to a bill for the relief of the Bank of Louisville and other monetary institutions, also to a bill for the amendment of the charters of the State banks. Neither bill was able to pass over the Governor's veto. The next month, however, a bill was approved authorizing the banks to issue notes of denominations under $5, and to suspend specie payments in certain con- tingencies.
On the 18th of April, the fifth day after the fall of Fort Sumter, a great Union meeting was held in Louisville. It was addressed by Mr. Guthrie, the Hons. J. Young Brown, William F. Bullock, and Archibald Dixon. Their general sentiment, according to Mr. Collins's Annals, was "in favor of Kentucky occupying a media- torial position in the present contest, opposing the call of the President for volunteers for the purpose of coercion or the raising of troops for
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HISTORY OF THE OHIO FALLS COUNTIES.
the Confederacy, asserting that secession was no remedy for the pending evils, and that Kentucky should take no part with either side-at the same time declaring her soil sacred against the hostile tread of either. Resolutions were adopted that the Confederate States having commenced the war, Kentucky assumed the right to choose her position, and that she would be loyal until the Government became the aggressor." This un- doubtedly was the general sentiment in Louis- ville at this time, although there were influential exceptions on both sides-on that of the Union and that of disunion.
Five days thereafter a measure passed the City Council appropriating $50,000 to procure arms for the defense of the city. This appropriation was subsequently increased to $200,000, condi- tioned upon the approval of the people by their vote.
April 25th, the Bank of Louisville and the Commercial Bank were called upon by the Gov- ernor to make a temporary loan of $10,000 each to the State, in order to aid in putting her upon a war footing. The latter acceded, and the former also, but upon the condition that none of the money should be used except to protect the State from invasion.
By May Ist every railway passenger train com- ing from the South was crowded with people fleeing to the Northern States.
During the special session of the Legislature in May, numerous petitions were signed in Louis- ville, as well as many other places, by the " mothers, wives, sisters, daughters of Ken- tucky," praying the Assembly to guard them " from the direful calamity of civil war, by allow- ing Kentucky to maintain inviolate her armed neutrality."
June 24th, the Surveyor of the Port of Louis- ville, under instructions from the Government, prohibited shipments over the Louisville & Nash- ville Railroad, except upon permits issued from his office. This and similar measures were sus- tained in the jefferson Circuit Court July roth, by a decision of Judge Muir that the Fed- eral Government had the legal power to stop the shipment of goods Southward.
By July 15th the Louisville Legion, under Colonel Lovell H. Rousseau, and three other Kentucky regiments, are recruiting and organiz- ing at Camp Joe Holt, on the Indiana shore,
within the limits of Jeffersonville. General Simon B. Buckner and many other citizens of Louisville had gone over to the Southern cause, and in September the General was commanding a brigade of Confederate troops at Camp Boone, Tennessee, near the Tennessee line, which he shortly moved to Bowling Green, Kentucky.
On the 18th of this month (September) the Post- office Department issued an order that, "as the Louisville Courier is an advocate of treason and hostility to the Government and authority of the United States, it should be excluded from the mails until further orders." The publication of the pa- per was temporarily stopped by the authorities the same day. On the 26th the editor, with ex-Gov- ernor Morehead and M. W. Barr, a telegraphic operator, was arrested and taken to Fort Lafay- ette, in New York harbor, charged with "affording aid and comfort to the enemies of the Govern- ment."
September 2Ist General Robert Anderson, a native of the neighborhood of the city, was put in command of the Department of the Cumber- land, with headquarters at Louisville, and issued a proclamation to the people of Kentucky. General William T. Sherman succeeded him October 14th, and was in command one month.
October 16th, Louisville was visited by the Secretary of War and the Adjutant-General of the United States army, to consult with General Sherman and others as to the situation in the State. The next day they went on to Lexington, accompanied by Hon. James Guthrie.
October 20th the Hon. Bland Ballard, of Louisville, was appointed Judge of the United States District Court for Kentucky, vice Judge Thomas B. Monroe, Jr., who had joined himself to the Confederate cause.
November 18th, at a "sovereignty convention" held in Russellville, an "ordinance of secession" was adopted, with a "declaration of indepen- dence." Commissioners were sent to Richmond, and on the 9th of December Kentucky was ad- mitted by the Congress of the seceded States to the Confederacy. Among the new State officers appointed by the Russellville Convention was Robert McKee, of Louisville, who was made "Secretary of State." Mr. Walter N. Haldeman, then of Oldham county, was chosen "State Printer." Judge H. W. Bruce, then a young Louisville lawyer, was made a member of the
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HISTORY OF THE OHIO FALLS COUNTIES.
Executive Council, and was subsequently, until the close of the war, a member of the Confeder- ate Congress.
By December 10th the State Military Board had obtained war loans from the banks of the State to the amount of $1,492,559, of which Louisville had furnished a full proportion.
In two days of this month, December 22d and 23d, the large amount of two tons of ammunition was received at Louisville for the use of the Fed- eral troops.
The Louisville Board of Trade and Merchants' Exchange was chartered and organized this year, despite the alarums of war,
On the 11th of February, of this year, died Judge Henry C. Wood, in the fortieth year of his age. Also, September 11, 1861, died Rich- ard Barnes, a native of Maryland, for thirty years Senior Warden of Christ church and otherwise a prominent citizen.
ANOTHER TROLLOPE AT LOUISVILLE.
In the late fall or winter of this year, the city had a visit from the famous novelist, Anthony Trollope, son of the noted Englishwoman who was here more than thirty years before, and after- wards made her home for a time in Cincinnati. He includes the following remarks in his book on North America:
Louisville is the commercial city of the State, and stands on the Ohio. It is another great town, like all the others, built with high stores, and great houses and stone-faced blocks. I have no doubt that all the building speculations have been failures, and that the men engaged in them were all ruined[!]. But there, as a result of their labour, stands a fair, great city on the southern banks of the Ohio. Here General Buell held his headquarters, but his army lay at a distance. On my re- turn from the West, I visited one of the camps of this army, and will speak of it as I speak of my backward journey. 1 had already at this time begun to conceive an opinion that the armies in Kentucky and in Missouri would do at any rate as much for the Northern cause as that of the Potomac, of which so much more had been heard in England.
While 1 was at Louisville the Ohio was flooded. It had begun to rise when I was at Cincinnati, and since then had gone on increasing hourly, rising inch by inch up into the towns upon its bank. I visited two suburbs of Louisville, both of which were submerged, as to the streets and ground- floors of the houses. At Shipping Port, one of these suburbs, I saw the women and children clustering in the up-stairs room, while the men were going about in punts and wherries, collecting driftwood from the river for their winter's firing. In some places bedding and furniture had been brought over to the high ground; and the women were sitting, guarding their little property. That village amidst the waters was a sad sight to see; but I heard no complaints. There was no tearing of hair and no gnashing of teeth; no bitter tears or moans of sorrow. The men who were not at work in the
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