USA > Ohio > Franklin County > Columbus > History of the city of Columbus, capital of Ohio, Volume II > Part 52
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On January 2 announcement was made of a meeting of " liberty men of Columbus and from other parts of the State " at the City Hall. The call, after stating that the meeting would be addressed by "Judge King, of Trumbull
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POLITICAL EVENTS; 1840-1848
County, and S. P. Chase, of Hamilton County," continued : "All true friends of equal rights and impartial justice ; all sincere baters of aristocracy and despotism ; all who wish to understand the principles and objects, and be informed as to the prospects of the Revived Liberty Party of 1776, are invited to attend." On February 4 a " State Liberty Convention," J. H. Payne president, was held at the City Hall.
The Whig State Convention, held in January, Thomas Corwin, President, nominated David Spangler, of Coshocton, for Governor, and Thomas Corwin and Peter Hitchcock for " Senatorial electors." The " Senatorial delegates " appointed to the National Convention were Jeremiah Morrow and Seabury Ford. The members of the State Central Committee appointed were Joseph Ridgway, John A. Lazell, Francis Stewart, William Armstrong, Robert Neil, Lewis Heyl, Charles F. Wing, James L. Bates and C. F. Schenck. For " private and professional con- cerns " David Spangler declined the nomination for Governor, and a State Con - vention to nominate a candidate in his stead was held at the City Hall February 22. At this meeting Hon. Thomas Corwin presided, and Messrs. William Bebb, Bellamy Storer and John M. Gallagher were appointed a committee on resolutions. A committee comprised of seven delegates from each congressional district was appointed to recommend a nomination for the office of Governor and named Mordecai Bartley, of Richland County, who was nominated. In April Governor Shannon resigned to accept appointment as Minister to Mexico, and was suc- ceeded as Governor by Thomas W. Bartley, speaker of the Senate.
The National Whig Convention -Hon. Ambrose Spencer of New York, chair- man - met in Baltimore May 1 and nominated Henry Clay, of Kentucky, for President, and Theodore Frelinghuysen, of New Jersey, for Vice President. On May 7 these nominations were ratified by a Whig meeting at the " New Club House " of the Clay Club. The speakers at this meeting were Hon. Alfred Kelley, one of the delegates to the Baltimore Convention; and E. M. A. Spencer, of Albany, New York.
Political mass meetings were appointed by the central committees of this year in every county of the State. Polk and Clay balls were among the local phenom- ena of the canvass. Barbecues and poleraisings were common. A " brig" called Harry of the West was fitted up, chiefly at the expense of John M. Kerr, of Colum- bus, and made numerous " eruises," on wheels, through Central Ohio. Her " gal- lant erew," we are told, sang some captivating songs. A debate on the political issues of the day took place at the Markethouse June 29 between Alfred Kelley and John Brough. A mass meeting held by the Whigs at Columbus in September was addressed by Messrs. Bartley, Bebb, Delano, Ewing, Storer, Corwin and Van Trump; chairman, Captain Buckley Comstock. The edibles and drinkables con- sumed at a free dinner spread for the occasion in Stewart's Grove were circum- stantially enumerated as follows: " 1,400 weight of ham ; 5,700 pounds of beef, mutton and pork ; 2,100 loaves of bread ; 500 pies ; 300 pound of cheese ; 10 bar- rels of cider ; + wagonloads of apples ; and 25 barrels of water, with a large num. ber of chickens, ducks, &c., &c., occupying some 1,700 feet of table in the grove." Hon. Thomas L. Hamer addressed a Democratic meeting at the Markethouse Sep-
398
HISTORY OF THE CITY OF COLUMBUS.
tember 17. Another meeting held by the Democrats September 23 was addressed by General Lewis Cass, Hon. T. L. Hamer and G. Melville, of New York. A torchlight procession took place in the evening. The Clay Club was addressed by Governor Metcalf, of Kentucky, September 20, and by General O. Hinton, of Dela- ware, Ohio, October 1. A Whig meeting and torchlight procession took place October 23. Hon. James K. Polk was elected President, but the Whigs carried Ohio, and their candidate Mordecai Bartley, was inaugurated as Governor in December. On December 5 Thomas Corwin was chosen United States Senator by sixty votes to fortysix cast for David T. Disney. The Whig State Central Com- mittee of 1844 comprised the following members: J. Ridgway, R. Neil, Jobn A. Lazell, Francis Stewart, C. F. Schenck, William Armstrong, James L. Bates, Wil- liam Dennison, Charles H. Wing and Lewis Heyl.
1845.
The Democracy celebrated the Eighth of January this year with much eir- cumstance. Thirteen artillery discharges were fired at sunrise, twentysix at noon and one hundred more during the day. A mass meeting at which Samuel Medary presided was held in front of the United State Courthouse, and thence, after a brief address by the chairman, adjourned to the Capitol Square where a free din- ner was spread. The farmers had brought in extensive supplies for the occasion, including whole beeves and pigs, and poultry by the wagonload. After the dinner an oration was delivered by Hon. David T. Disney, of Cincinnati. The festivities were continued in the evening at the American House, where Hon. Thomas W. Bartley presided and thirteen regular toasts, followed by an appalling number of volunteer ones, were proposed and drunk.
The Democratic State Convention was held July 4, at the United States Court- house ; Hon. Benjamin Tappan, of Jefferson County, chairman. The resolutions adopted deplored the death of Andrew Jackson, and eulogized his character and services. Jacob Reinhard, A. Chittenden, S. D. Preston and William Trevitt were appointed members of the State Central Committee. At a Democratic din- ner in honor of the Fourth of July, at the American House, Hon. William Allen presided. Many toasts were proposed and responded to. On December 6 a Democratie meeting was held at the United States Courthouse " to respond to the able and patriotic message of the President " (Polk), which had just been received. Resolutions were adopted at this meeting approving Mr. Polk's declarations in favor of taking " possession of Oregon from California to the Russian territory ;" his views as to the annexation of Texas; his plan of " preemptions and gradu- ations . . . . to protect the hardy and brave pioneers of the West," and his recommendation of a modification of the tariff. Among the speakers were A. P. Stone, T. J. Gallagher and S. Medary. James H. Ewing of Cincinnati, was chair- man of the meeting; Matthias Martin and Clement L. Vallandigham were its secretaries.
399
POLITICAL EVENTS ; 1840-1848.
A Whig convention was held in the Buckeye Buildings February 24 and appointed a State Central Committee, as follows : Joshua Martin, of Greene, chair- man ; T. W. Powell, of Delaware, secretary ; John A. Lazell, O. Follett, Lewis Heyl and John B. Thompson, of Columbus A Liberty Men's Convention for Franklin and Madison counties was held at the Clinton Township Methodist Church in September. W. G. Graham was chairman and W. B. Jarvis secretary. A county ticket for Franklin County was nominated.
1846.
The Democratic State Convention was held January 8. Samuel Medary was its chairman ; George W. Morgan and Joel Buttles were its secretaries. David Tod was nominated for Governor and William Trevitt, Jacob Medary, Jacob Rein- hard, William F. Sanderson and A. P. Stone were appointed members of the State Central Committee. A banquet in honor of the New Orleans battle took place at the American House. John B. Weller presided ; among the speakers were Benja- min Tappan and C. L. Vallandigham.10 A Democratic Young Men's Convention was held January 9 at the United States Courthouse. E. M. Stanton of Jefferson County, called the meeting to order, John B Weller presided, and Matthias Martin was appointed secretary. A committee of one member from each congressional district was appointed to organize the State. The resolutions adopted endorsed the candidaey of David Tod, called upon the young men of Ohio to enlist in the war against paper currency and corporate wealth, and enjoined the young Demo- crats of the State " to embody the arguments against banks and paper money in written lectures " for publication. E. M. Stanton being called upon to speak "addressed the meeting at some length in an eloquent manner. " A Hickory Club, with Elias Gaver as chairman, was organized at the Old Courthouse January 17. Hon. Allen G. Thurman delivered a speech on the " Oregon question " in Congress January 28.
The Whig State Convention assembled at the Clay Club Hall February 4, Joshua Mathiot of Licking, presiding. The first ballot on nomination for Governor resulted : William Bebb, of Butler, 111; James Collier, of Jefferson, 60; David Fisher, of Clermont, 39 ; Benjamin F. Wade, of Ashtabula, 36; David Chambers, of Muskingum, 11; Benjamin S. Cowen, of Belmont, 13; Calvary Morris, of Ath- ens, 9. Mr. Bebb was nominated on the second ballot. A Whig Young Men's Ratifying Convention was held at the same place in the evening, John Teesdale, of Franklin County presiding. Bebb's nomination was endorsed. The members of the Whig State Central Committee appointed for this year were John A. Lazell, Joseph Ridgway, J. B. Thompson, Joseph Sullivant, James L. Bates and L. Curtis. A Whig mass meeting held in the Capitol Square August 4 was addressed by Thomas Ewing and Samuel Galloway. Joseph Ridgway presided. Another meeting, of the same party, held at the Markethouse September 25 was addressed by William Bebb, William Dennison and Columbus Delano. The vote for Sam- uel Lewis, Liberty candidate for Governor this year, was 8,898.
400
HISTORY OF THE CITY OF COLUMBUS.
1847.
On January 2 the General Assembly sitting in joint convention elected Samuel Galloway as Secretary of State, Albert A. Bliss as Treasurer of State and Edward Avery as Judge of the Supreme Court. On January 8 the Democracy held their usual annual banquet at the American House. The president of the occasion was Colonel Douty Utter ; the vice presidents were John L. Cock, J. P. Bruck, James H. Ewing and Elias Gaver. An oration was delivered by B. B. Taylor and res- ponses to toasts were made by N. C. Read, S. Medary, C. L. Vallandigham, George E. Pugh, Charles Reemelin, B. F. Metcalfe and A. P. Edgarton. The Democratic Central Committeemen for the year were Edwin M. Stanton, J. W. MeCorkle, J. Reinhard, A. P. Stone and Thomas Sparrow. The Whig committeemen were John A. Lazell, Lewis Heyl, Joseph Ridgway, James L. Bates, Joseph Sullivant, J. B. Thompson and Lanson Curtis. On November 27 Ex-Governor Thomas W. Bartley addressed a large Democratic mass meeting at the Old Courthouse in vindication of the Mexican War.
On March 27 Daniel Webster, then about to journey from Washington to New Orleans, was invited by several hundred citizens to visit Columbus on his return from the South. Mr. Webster replied that he hoped to arrive at the capital of Ohio about the last of May, and preparations were made to receive him, but illness obliged him to return to New York by another route.
A National Convention to take action in behalf of public improvements in the West was held at Chicago beginning July 5. Eighteen States were represented in this assembly by about ten thousand of their citizens. Edward Bates, of Missouri presided; Schuyler Colfax, of Indiana, was one of the secretaries. The following delegates were appointed in June to represent Columbus : Joel Buttles, Peter Hayden, William Bebb, A. S. Chew, John S. Wood, J. W. Andrews, Samuel Galloway, W. B. Hubbard, A. A. Bliss, A. P. Stone, A. B. Buttles, William Denni- son, W. S. Sullivant, N. Tallmadge and J. M. Butterfield. The convention adopted resolutions demanding the improvement of western waterways by application of national revenues.
1848.
The Democratic State Convention was held in a large hall in the Statesman building January 8. The candidates before it for the nomination for Governor were John B. Weller, Reuben Wood, Emory D. Potter, P. B. Lowe, Douty Utter, William C. Walton, W. Lawrence and A. Duncan. Weller was nominated. A. socalled Committee of Public Safety was appointed, comprising one member from each congressional district. The platform of principles adopted was reported by Allen G. Thurman, of Ross. The resolutions demanded that the Governor should convene the General Assembly to pass an apportionment law, denounced the Whig apportionment and favored the appointment of a Committee of Public Safety. One of the resolutions adopted read as follows :
J. E. Powell
401
POLITICAL EVENTS ; 1840-1848.
That the people of Ohio now, as they have always done, look upon the institution of slavery in any part of the Union, as an evil and unfavorable to the full development of the spirit and practical benefits of free institutions; and that entertaining these sentiments they will, at all times, feel it to be their duty to use all power clearly given by the terms of the national compact, to prevent its increase, and to mitigate and finally eradicate the evil.11
A committee was appointed to issue an address to the people. The usual annual banquet in honor of Andrew Jackson and his New Orleans victory was held at the American House, Alexander Duncan presiding. The principal table speakers were George W. Morgan, Renben Wood, Alexander Duncan, S. Medary, LeGrand Byington, E. B. Olds, C. L. Vallandigham and N. C. Read. A convention of Democratic editors was held at the American House, January 10, Samuel Medary presiding. A Democratic supper took place at the American House February 22, E. Gaver presiding. Democratic State Central Committee : E. Gale, John Wal- ton, S. D. Preston, Jacob Reinhard, H. Rodter, F. W. Thornhill and William Has- kins. The Democratic National Convention convened at Baltimore, May 22 ; Andrew Stevenson, of Virginia, chairman. Its nominees were, Lewis Cass, of Michigan, for President, and William O. Butler, of Kentucky, for Vice President.
The Whig State Convention assembled in the Capitol Square in January, Allen Trimble presiding. The candidates before it for the nomination for Gover- nor were James Collier, Columbus Delano, Seabury Ford, W. P. Cutler, H. Gris- wold, H. Ramage, G. Sanderson, J. Ridgway, Senior, S. Mason and E. Florence. Seabury Ford, of Geauga County, was nominated. Central Committee appointed : Joseph Ridgway, Senior, John A. Lazell, Horace Lathrop, John B. Thompson, Lewis Heyl, Lorenzo English, and A. H. Pinney, Franklin ; James T. Worthing- ton, of Madison ; James R. Stanbery, Licking; Samson Mason, Clark ; John Cochran, Pickaway ; and Sherman French, Delaware. Joseph Vance and John Sloane were appointed delegates-at-large to the Whig National Convention. A convention of Whig editors met on the same date, James Wilson, of Jefferson County presiding. A Whig supper, Governor Bebb presiding, took place February 22, at the United States Hotel. Toasts in prodigious number were proposed and responded to, and Colonel James Kilbourn sang some political songs. The Whig National nominees this year were Zachary Taylor for President and Millard Fill- more for vice president. The National Convention was held at Philadelphia, beginning June 7, Ex-Governor J. M. Morehead, of North Carolina presiding. John Sherman was one of the secretaries. The nominations of Taylor and Fill- more were celebrated in Columbus, June 9, with bonfires, rockets, fireballs, music and illumination. A Rough and Ready club was organized at the Council Cham- ber June 14. On June 22, Martin VanBuren was nominated for the Presidency by the Free Democracy (socalled Barnburners) in National Convention at Utica, New York. A " Free Territory, Free Labor and Free Soil League " for Franklin County was organized July 5, at the Council Chamber, J. H. Purdy, chairman. Mr. Westwater reported resolutions, which were adopted. A Whig meeting held at the Markethouse July 21, was addressed by Thomas Ewing and Timothy Wal- ker. Salmon P. Chase addressed a meeting in Truro Township July 25. A Whig
1
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402
HISTORY OF THE CITY OF COLUMBUS.
meeting at the Old Courthouse October 18, was addressed by R. C. Schenck. John Van Buren delivered a political address in the Representatives' Chamber October 20. David Smith, a Columbus journalist, presided at this meeting. On Novem- ber 16, the Whigs " jollified " over Taylor's election to the Presidency. " Most of the Whig stores and several dwellings, the Neil House and the United States House," says an account of the occasion, " were illuminated ; the boys blowed tin- horns and made bonfires and John Kinney let off his fireworks."
On the occasion of the death of John Quincy Adams a meeting of citizens was held at the Council Chamber March I for the the purpose of attesting appreciation of the character and public services of that eminent man. The chairman of the meeting was Joseph Ridgway, its secretary Eli T. Tappan. A committee was appointed which arranged for a public eulogy upon the life and character of Mr. Adams, to be delivered April 8 by Aaron F. Perry.
A Liberty and Free Territory Convention held at the Old Courthouse June 19, Doctor J. P. Kirtland presiding, was addressed by S. P. Chase, James Birney and others. About 150 persons were present. A Free Soil State Convention in which S. P. Chase, W. B. Jarvis and B. S. Cowen took part, held sittings in Columbus December 29 and 30. The resolutions adopted advised independence of both the old parties, distrusted the increase of corporations, favored a tenhours labor law, demanded repeal of the black laws and revision of the State Constitution, and declared for free soil, free speech, free labor and free men. Samuel M. Smith, E. T. Tappan, J. M. Westwater, J. C. Vaughan and James M. Briggs were appointed to serve the party as a State Central Committee.
NOTES.
1. Dated at North Bend, December 19, 1839.
2. To Hon. Harmar Denny, of Pittsburgh.
3. Mr. Greiner's career has been sketched in the history of the Press, of which he was a conspicuous member.
4. Ryan's History of Ohio. Another account states that the log cabin and hard cider ideas took their cue from the Washington correspondence of the Baltimore Republican - a Van Buren paper - and that the language used was this : "Give him [ Harrison] a barrel of hard cider and settle [on him] a pension of two thousand a year, and our word for it he will sit the remainder of his days contented in a log cabin."
5. Ohio State Journal.
6. The name Democrat first came into use as the designation of a national party when adopted hy the Jacksonians in 1828 in lieu of the word Republican by which they had been previously entitled. The supporters of Adams styled themselves National Republicans. The name Whig was not assumed by the old National Republican party until 1834, and is said to have been first used at the charter election of that year in New York City.
7. The resigning Senators were : Seabury Ford, Geauga; James H. Godman, Marion, Simeon Nash, Gallia ; Joseph M. Root, Huron ; Benjamin Stanton, Logan ; William I. Thomas Miami ; A. Van Vorhes. Athens; Benjamin F. Wade, Ashtabula ; Alexander Waddle, Clark ; Joseph Barnett, Montgomery ; James S. Carpenter, Medina; John Crowell, Trumbull; Chauncey Dewey, Harrison ; James Henderson, Muskingum ; Elisha N. Sill, Summit.
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POLITICAL EVENTS ; 1840-1848.
Representatives : J. B. Ackley, Meigs ; A. A. Bliss, Lorain ; T. G. Brown, Guernsey ; Charles Bowen, Muskingum ; David Chambers, Muskingum ; Joseph Chenoweth, Franklin ; Reeder W. Clarke, Clermont ; John P. Converse, Geauga ; Eleutheros Cooke, Erie; Gideon Dunham, Brown; Stephen Evans, Clinton ; John Fudge, Greene; Simeon Fuller, Lake ; Isaac H. Gard, Darke ; Moses Gregory, Scioto; J. S. Hawkins, Preble ; Thomas M. Kelley, Cuyahoga ; William C. Lawrence, Union ; Nathaniel Medbery, Franklin ; W. B. McCrea, Champaign ; Joseph Olds, Pickaway ; Simon Perkins, Summit; Thomas W. Powell, Dela- ware; John Probasco, Warren ; Robert C. Schenck, Montgomery ; S. H. Smith, Montgomery ; John V. Smith, Highland ; Jason Streator, Portage ; Josiah Scott, Harrison ; S. F. Taylor, Ashtabula ; Stephen Titus, Meigs; Joseph Updegraff, Shelby ; Lorenzo Warner, Medina ; Stephen M. Wheeler, Clark.
8. Ohio State Journal.
9. The United States Court building was then so designated.
10. Then a member of the General Assembly from Columbiana County.
11. This resolution was drawn by Hon. Norton S. Townshend who, though not a Demo- crat, had been invited to attend the Democratic Convention. The Committee on Resolutions at first rejected this "plank," but finally, to Doctor Townshend's surprise, accepted it, and it was reported to and adopted by the Convention, as stated.
CHAPTER XXV.
POLITICAL EVENTS; 1849-1853.
The legislative deadlock in which the General Assembly became involved during its session of 1848-9 was not only a unique event, bearing a close relation to the history of Columbus, but an episode of farreaching consequences both to State and National politics. By means of the factional contentions which pro- duced it and the party helplessness in which it resulted, a few resolute, farseeing men, with no party following, but a firm sense of justice, were able to force con- cessions and compel legislation which neither of the predominant political parties then existing would for a moment have thought of granting, either then or per- haps for many decades afterwards. So, often, do Progress and Humanity win their way by humble and apparently accidental means, and in defiance rather than by the help of the deliberately planned and powerful agencies which affect to control the destinies of men and nations.
The controversy turned upon the election of Representatives from Hamilton County under an apportionment law which had passed the General Assembly, under Whig Control, during its preceding session. That law contained these pro- visions :
So much of the county [ Hamilton] as is comprised within the limits of the first eight wards of the city of Cincinnati shall compose the First District and shall be entitled to one Senator and two Representatives, the Senator to be elected in the years 1849 and 1851 ; and so much of the county as is not included in the First District shall compose the Second Dis- triet, and be entitled to one Senator and three Representatives.
·
The Democrats maintained that in pursuance of the Constitution of 1802 a county could not be thus divided for election purposes,1 and put their candidates in the field for the whole county, regardless of the legislative apportionment. Their nominees, George E. Pugh, Alexander N. Pierce, Edwin L. Armstrong, Henry Rödter and Alexander Long, obtained the highest vote in the county at large. The Whigs, adhering to the apportionment, nominated for the First Dis- trict Oliver M. Spencer and George W. Runyan, who obtained in that district the highest number of votes. The canvassing board comprised two justices of the peace and the County Clerk. The justices declared and certified that Spencer and Runyan had been duly elected Representatives from the First District ; the County Clerk, ou the . other hand, certified that Pugh and Pierce, as well as the
[404]
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POLITICAL EVENTS; 1849-1853.
three other Demotratic nominees, whose election was not disputed, had been duly chosen as Representatives from Hamilton County.2
This action, together with the general result of the legislative canvass in the State, produced a situation ideally promotive of contention. The new General Assembly convened on Monday, December 4, early on which date, " before the Whig members were out of their beds," as it was represented, the Demoeratie Representatives assembled in the Old Statehouse, took possession of the right hand side of the Hall, and of the speaker's chair, swore in fortytwo members, including Pugh and Pierce of Hamilton County, and chose Benjamin F. Leiter, of Stark County, to preside. Aroused by this action the Whigs hastened to the Hall, assembled in the vacant space on its left hand side, swore in thirtytwo members, and chose Anselm T. Holcomb, of Gallia County, as their presiding officer. The eight Freesoil members were installed both with the Whigs and with the Democrats. Fortyeight members-twothirds of all (72)-being neces- sary to a quorum, and neither of the leading parties having that number, neither could control the organization. The events which followed may be best stated in the language of their most conspicuous and able participant.
In 1837 Doctor Norton S. Townshend, then a medical student in Cincinnati attended the proceedings, in that city, by which a fugitive slave girl named Matilda was claimed for rendition to bondage. The defense was conducted by Sal- mon P. Chase, who was then considered " a promising young attorney, " and was evidently in profound personal sympathy with the cause he championed. The mas- terly argument of Mr. Chase excited the admiration of the young student who, on learning the advocate's name, said : " There is a man whom I ean and will vote for whenever I have the opportunity." The opportunity came. How it came Doctor Townshend himself succinctly relates as follows :3
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