USA > Ohio > Clark County > The history of Clark County, Ohio, containing a history of the county; its cities, towns, etc.; general and local statistics; portraits of early settlers and prominent men, V. 1 > Part 20
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Col. Joseph L. Kirby Smith took command of the Forty-third Ohio Regi- ment. He fell at the battle of Corinth, under Rosecrans.
Lieut. Col. James W. Shane fell, June 27, 1864, in an assault upon the enemy's works at Kenesaw. He survived but forty minutes.
Col. Augustus H. Coleman displayed the abilities of a successful commander. He was in the first charge on the bridge across Antietam Creek. He was fatally wounded. His last words were inquiries regarding his men.
Col. J. W. Lowe commanded the Twelfth Ohio, and was ordered to assist the Tenth in the battle of Carnifex Ferry. Cheering his men, in the thickest of the fight, a rifle ball pierced his forehead, and he fell dead-the first field officer from Ohio killed in battle in the war for the Union.
196
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO.
Lieut. Col. Moses F. Wooster was engaged with his regiment, the One Hun- dred and First Ohio, at Perryville. He was mortally wounded on the 31st of December, 1862, in the grand effort to stem the tide of defeat at Stone River.
The list of staf ( licers we refrain from giving, through lack of space.
At the opening of the war, William Dennison was Governor of Ohio. David Tod succeeded him. John Brough was the third War Governor.
Secretary Edwin M. Stanton was one of the most popular war Ministers. He was born in Steubenville, Ohio, in 1815; he was engaged in the United States Circuit Court, in 1860, in a leading law suit, at Cincinnati, known as the Manny and McCormick reaper trial ; on the 20th of January, 1862, he was appointed Secretary of War by Mr. Lincoln.
Ex-Secretary Salmon P. Chase's public services in Ohio have already been mentioned in these pages. In 1861, he was appointed Secretary of the Treas- ury, in Mr. Lincoln's cabinet.
United States Senator B. F. Wade made his reputation in Ohio. This Senator of the State stood at the head of the Committee on the Conduct of the War throughout its duration.
United States Senator John Sherman was a leading member of the Finance Committee, during the war. For some time he was its Chairman.
Jay Cooke was the financial agent of the Government, furnishing money for the payment of the troops. He was born in Portland, Huron Co., Ohio.
In our brief review of the war record of Ohio, we have omitted a vast amount of detail information that would prove interesting to our readers. We believe we have been accurate in whatever we have given, taking as our authority, that accepted " encyclopedia " of Ohio war facts-Whitelaw Reid, who has pub- lished a valuable volume on the subject.
SOME DISCUSSED SUBJECTS.
It may be well in glancing over the achievements of Ohio, her momentous labors and grand successes, to refer to the Ordinance of 1787, more minutely than we have done, in relation to many events, since its inherent principles are not only perpetuated in the laws of the entire Northwest, but have since been woven into the general Constitution of the United States. It made permanent the standard and character of immigration, social culture and political and edu- cational institutions. It was thoroughly antislavery and denounced involuntary servitude, which was sanctioned in every other State at that time, with the exception of Massachusetts. It protected religion and property. As late as 1862, Gen. William Henry Harrison, Governor of Indiana, called a convention for the purpose of considering the slavery question, and the feasibility of intro- ducing the system in the new States and Territories being formed. There was at this time a spirited contest, and Illinois, Indiana and possibly Ohio, barely escaped a decision that a full support should be given its introduction
197
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO.
into these States. Its adoption was based upon certain specifications and limits of time, which upon a deeper consideration was deemed perplexing and impractical.
An animated discussion arose not long since, regarding the correct author- ship of this important ordinance, and its chief worker ir gaining its sanction by Congress.
Mr. Webster ascribed its authorship to Mathew Dane, of Massachusetts, which statement was immediately refuted by Mr. Benton, of Mississippi, who laid claim to it as the birthright of Thomas Jefferson, of Virginia.
It has been almost impossible to obtain accurate reports of the actions of the old Continental Congress, from the fact that its meetings were held in secret, and any reports either narrated or shown in schedules or lists, were deemed a striking lack of trust on the part of the person who furnished the information. It was sufficient that its acts and conclusions be proclaimed without any prelude or reasoning process. Hence it has been difficult to obtain carly Congressional documents. But it has been conclusively proven that the great motive power in gaining the approbation of the Ordinance of 1787, was neither Dane nor Jefferson, but Dr. Cutler.
He arrived at New York, July 5 of that year, after a journey from Ipswich, Mass., in his sulky. He obtained lodgings at the "Plow and Harrow," and saw that his good horse was properly cared for and fed at the same place. Congress was then in session, and he had come on a mission for the Ohio Com- pany, to negotiate their grant and its privileges in the new Territory of Ohio. He remained in New York three weeks, constantly engaged in the work vital to the interests of the future great State. But he secured the installment of the principles deemed the corner-stone of a future powerful State constitution. Mr. Poole, Librarian of the Chicago Public Library, searched assiduously for con- clusive proof of Dr. Cutler's right to this honor, and in the North American Review, Vol. 122, this is emphatically set forth with substantiating proof under his signature.
Other facts have been discussed and proven at a very recent date, relative to the State of Ohio, which heretofore have been omitted, and nearly lost from the historic thread which unites the present with the past.
The first settlement of the lands of the Northwest is necessarily surrounded with interest. But those were exciting, troublesome times, and a few links were passed over lightly. However, the years are not so far removed in the past but the line may be traced.
Mr. Francis W. Miller, of Cincinnati, has supplied some missing chapters. The earliest documentary trace extant, regarding the southern settlement at Cincinnati, is an agreement of partnership between Denman, Filson and Pat- terson, in the fractional section of land to which the city of Cincinnati was originally limited. It bears the date August 25, 1788. This was entered on the records of Hamilton County, Ohio, October 6, 1803.
198
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO.
A letter from Jonathan Dayton to the Hon. Judge Symmes, dated Septem- ber 26, 1789, says: "You have been selling your lands, I am told, for two shillings specie, the acre. The price at this moment is, and seems to be, and undoubtedly is, a good one; but as much cannot be said of it when you find hereafter that in consequence of the rise of certificates, another acre, in another payment, may cost you in specie two shillings and sixpence."
A letter from John C. Symmes to Capt. Dayton, dated April 30, 1790, says: "The land in the reserved township is held at much too high a price. Not a foot of land beyond the five-acre lots will sell. Five shillings, specie, or two dollars in certificates, is the utmost they will bring, and they will rarely sell at that."
This state of affairs was in a large degree brought about by the breaking-up of. North Bend and a removal of the town to Fort Washington, or Cincinnati, later. A search through the old letters and other preserved documents prove that North Bend was at one time the beginning of the great city on the Ohio, rather than Cincinnati. Judge Symmes wrote, May 18, 1789: " I have not as yet been able to make a decisive choice of a plat for the city, though I have found two pieces of ground, both eligible, but not upon the present plan of a regular square. It is a question of no little moment and difficulty to deter- mine which of these spots is preferable, in point of local situation. I know that at first thought men will decide in favor of that on the Ohio, from the supposition that the Ohio will command more trade and business than the Miami. *- But if it were built on the Miami, the settlers throughout the purchase would find it very convenient."
Another of the earliest selections of town sites was adjacent to the most southerly point of what is now Delhi Township. To this the name of South Bend was given. Judge Symmes reports November 4, 1790, of this place, over forty framed and hewed-log two-story houses, since the preceding spring. Ensign Luce is said to have taken his troops to North Bend, but decided to remove to Cincinnati, on account of the object of his affections having settled there -- the wife of a settler. But this story is refuted by contradictory evi- dence from Judge Symmes' letters, which illustrate the fact that the post of North Bend was abandoned by Ensign Luce and his men in consequence of a panic, caused by Indian attacks. The removal of the troops caused a general decline of the town. Again, history and letters from the same eminent Judge, assert that Fort Washington was completed and garrisoned by Maj. Doughty before the close of that same year, and was begun by him during the summer, that Ensign Luce must have still been at his post at the bend at that time. It has been, therefore, recently accepted that the traditional "black eyes" and the "Indian panic," had nothing to do with the founding of Cincinnati, and that the advantages of the position gained the victory.
Cincinnati has advanced, not only in prosperity and culture, but in national significance. Our readers must have observed, in perusing these pages, that
199
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO.
from this city and the State which it represents, have emanated some of the superior intellects which have used their wise faculties and talents, tempered by a wise judgment, in behalf of the American Union.
`The originality of the Senecas and Wyandots have been debated at some length, while others have called the tribes the same, having two branches. We have searched the earlier records and have found an authenticated account of these two tribes.
The Indian tribes of Ohio were originally bold, fierce and stalwart. The country watered by the Sandusky and its tributaries was frequented by the Wyandot tribe, who came from the north side of the St. Lawrence River. The Senecas were blood relatives of this tribe. Both tribes were numbered by the thousands. A war originated between them, in this manner: A Wyandot chief desired to wed the object of his affections, who laughed him to scorn, because he had taken no scalps, and was no warrior " to speak of." To change . her opinion, he led out a party, and falling upon a number of Senecas, slaugh- tered them mercilessly, that he might hasten to the side of his dusky belle, with his trophies. This act inaugurated hostilities, which extended through a century. The Wyandots began to fear extermination, and, gathering their entire effects, the natives escaped to Green Bay, and settled in several villages. But the Sen- ecas ınade up a war party and followed them, killing many Wyandots and burn- ing some of their villages. They then returned to Canada. Soon thereafter, they secured fire-arms from the French. Again they followed the Wyandots, firing their guns into their huts, and frightening them severely. They did not succeed as well as they expected. But the third party nearly exterminated the villages, because the young warriors were nearly all gone to war with the Foxes. The few at home escaping, promised to return with the Senecas, but desired two days for preparation. The Wyandots sent word to the two villages left undisturbed, and held a consultation. They decided to go as near the Senecas as possible, unobserved, and discover their real motive. They found them feast- ing on two roasted Wyandots, shouting over their victory. They danced nearly all night, and then fell asleep. A little before daylight, the Wyandots fell on them, leaving not one to carry back the news.
The Wyandots then procured guns, and began to grow formidable. They set out to return to their own country, and proceeded on their way as far as Detroit, where they met a party of Senecas, on the lake. A. fierce conflict ensued, and the Wyandots beheld the Senecas fall, to the last man, suffering fearful carnage themselves. They soon settled in this part of the world, their principal village being on the Sandusky. Northwestern Ohio was particularly dangerous with new Indian tribes, and the Wyandots were cruelly aggressive. The death of their chief, and their total defeat by Harrison, destroyed their power forever.
On the 29th of September, 1817, a treaty was held, at the foot of the rapids of the Miami of Lake Erie, between Lewis Cass and Duncan McArthur,
200
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO.
Commissioners of the United States, and the sachems, chiefs and warriors of the Wyandot, Seneca, Delaware, Shawnee, Potawattomic, Ottawa and Chippewa nations. All their lands in Ohio were ceded to the United States forever.
There was really not a Seneca in the Seneca nation. They were chiefly Cayugas, Mohawks, Onondagas, Tuscarawas, Wyandots and Oneidas. But the Mingoes were originally Cayugas, and their chief was the celebrated Logan. After the murder of his family by the whites, the Mingoes were scattered over the territory northwest of the Ohio.
The notorious Simon Girty was adopted by the Senecas. Girty's name was a terror and fiendish horror for many years. He not only led the Indians in their atrocities, but he added barbarisin to their native wickedness.
CONCLUSION.
When peace was proclaimed, after the surrender of Gen. Robert E. Lee to Gen. U. S. Grant, the volunteer troops disbanded, and a return to home indus- . tries instituted, Ohio, like many other States, gave direct attention to the inter- ests of returned soldiers. The thrift of the State was augmented by a spasmodic, and thereafter recognized as a fictitious, demand for products, commercial and industrial pursuits redoubled their forces. But the great wave of stagnation swept over this fair land-the re-action of a war excitement. Laborers were many, but wages were inadequate. . Deeper and deeper settled this lethargy- calleil by many " hard times"-until the wheels of commercial life revolved slowly, and from the workshops and the factories went up the echoes of priva- tion and distress. There was no famine, no fever, no epidemic, it was simply exhaustion. In the larger cities there was much suffering. Idle people loitered about, barely seeking employment, the task seeming worse than hopeless.
During the years 1870, 1871 and 1872, the stringent measures brought about by the depressed state of business retarded any material advancement in general matters. The years 1873-74 were marked by a preceptible improve- ment, and a few factories were established, while larger numbers were employed in those already founded. The year 1875 was under the direction of a Demo- cratic Legislature. It was marked in many respects by a "reverse motion " in many laws and regulations.
The Legislature which convened in 1876, January 3, was Republican in the main. It repealed the "Geghan Law " passed by the preceding body. At the time of its adoption, there was the most intense feeling throughout the State, the charge being made that it was in the interests of the Catholics. Among the general enactments were laws re-organizing the government of the State insti- tutions, which the previous Legislature had ordered according to their own belief to follow new doctrines. The office of Comptroller of the Treasury was abolished. The powers of municipal corporations to levy taxes was limited, and their authority to incur debts was limited. Furthermore, this body prohibited any municipal appropriations, unless the actual money was in the Treasury to meet
201
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO.
the same in full. A law was passed for the protection of children under fourteen years of age, exhibited in public shows.
The temperance cause received more vigorous and solid support than was ever rendered by the State previously. A common-sense, highly moral and exalted platform was formed and supported by many leading men.
This year witnessed the serious "strikes" among the miners in Stark and Wayne Counties. The consequences were painful-distress, riots and distruc- tion of property.
The State Mine Inspector reported 300 coal mines in the State, with only twenty-five in operation. Not over 3,000,000 tons of coal were raised during the year, owing to the dullness of the times.
The State charities reported the aggregate number under public care to be 29,508. The taxation for the maintenance of these classes was one and one .six-hundredth of a mill on each dollar of taxable property.
The reports given of the year 1877 indicated a revival of business interests and prosperity. The State produced of wheat, 27,306,566 bushels; rye, 914,106 bushels; buckwheat, 225,822 bushels; oats, 29,325,611; barley, 1,629,817 bushels ; corn, 101,884,305 bushels ; timothy, tons of hay , 2,160,334 ; clover, tons of hay, 286,265; flax, pounds of fiber, 7,343,29+; potatoes, 10,504,278 bushels ; sweet potatoes, 126,354} bushels; tobacco, 24,214,950 pounds ; sorghum, sugar, 7,5074 pounds ; syrup, 1,180,255 gallons ; maple sugar, 1,625,215 pounds; maple syrup, 324,036 gallons ; honey, 1,534,902 pounds.
The year 1878 was marked by a more vigorous and combined effort of the people to entirely overcome the stagnation of business, the influence of the lethargy yet combating the awakened interest. This energy was amply rewarded in 1879, by a general dawning of the " good times " so ardently desired. New enterprises were instituted, manufactories erected, improvements carried on, and agriculture was successful. Before the year closed, the State was basking in the light of prosperity, and the year 1880 was ushered in when the confidence of the people was again a permanent incentive-confidence in the nation, their State, each in the other and themselves. The old-time crown of power, influence and integrity, which Ohio has earned, is conspicuous in this year of 1881. The jewels have been reset, and we confidently doubt not that their luster will remain undimmed intrusted to so faithful and so earnest a people.
6
1
202
HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO.
.
POPULATION OF OHIO BY COUNTIES.
COUNTIES.
1830
1810
1850
1860
1570
1890)
The State
581434
937903
1519467
1980329
2339511
2665260
1 Adams
10106
12281
13183
18583
20309
20750
2 Allen.
578
9079
12109
19185
23623
31320
3 Ashland.
7382
14534
23724
24767
31814
32517
23769
2-413
6. Auglaize
17157
20041
25443
7:Belmont
20329
29927
30901
31600
36393
39714
49632
8. Brown
13356
17867
22715
27332
29958
30502
92724
9'Butler.
21746
27142
23173
90769
35S40
39912
4:35%)
10 Carroll
8179
12131
16721
19782
22693
24158
27817
12 Clark.
9533
13114
16892
422173
25300
32070
41947
13 Clermont
15820
20466
23106
30155
33034
3:268
14 Clinton.
8085
11436
15.19
13938
21401
219:4
27529
15 Columbiana
22033
35592
40373
33621
16.Coshocton
7036
11161
21500
4791
13152
15177
23881
2555€
30593
18 Cuyahoga
6323
10373
2650;
48099
78033
132010
196943
19 Darke ..
3717
6304
13282
20276
20019
32273
40199
20: Detiance
7639
11501
22040
21817
25992
25175
27380
22 Erie
16633
24736
31924
30254
24. Fayette
6316
8182
1:1991
12726
15935
17110
25 Franklin
10292
14741
25049
42309
50361
7791
11013
17789
2:062
27 Gallia
7093
9733
13444
17063
22043
25545
25124
29 Geauga
7791
15513
16297
17627
15517
14190
14253
10529
14801
17528
21916
26197
25033
S:3:9
9:32
16036
27748
30438
21474
23539
2719.
31761
52317
80145
156914
216410
265370
$1234
813
9956
16751
2556
23847
27749
11345
20916
20099
20157
19110
18682
2-155
36. Highland
12308
16315
22259
25751
27773
29133
30240
37 Hocking
2130
4005
9741
14119
17057
17925
21124
38 Holmes
6675
13341
23903
20203
26616
25532
40 Jackson
3716
5341
9744
12719
17941
21153
41 Jefferson
18531
22159
25030
23133
26115
29183
42 KrOx
8326
17035
293,9
28872
21.25 15516
15935
18538
44 Lawrence
3190
5967
9738
35816
3.011
35+56
40451
46. Logan .
3181
6110
14015
19162
23744
30009
46722
20:29
50 Mahoning
6531
14765
12618
15490
16184
20561
52 Medina.
3082
7560
18352
24441
22517
2,092
21154
53 Meizs
4450
6153
11452
17971
26334
$1465
32325
51 Mercer
1110
7712
14104
1725.1
214 %
55 Miami
8851
12507
19658
2.1999
29959
32740
36175
56, Monroe
4615
8763
18521
28551
25:41
25779
2640
5% Montgomery
15999
21362
31938
35218
52230
20563
200;1
59;Morrow
20415
15583
19073
60 Muskingum
17821
29334
3ST49
45049
44416
41946
43750
61 Noble
90751
19919
2115.
62 Ottawa
7016
13364
13490
61 Perry
81:29
13970
19314
20775
10678
1$153
65 Pickaway
13149
16001
19725
21006
23469
21875
2:253
66, Pike
4253
6024
7626
10953
13643
1544.
67 Portage
10055
15826
22965
94119
21203
21551
24531
70 Richland
9169
24*76
44532
30579
31158
32516
3130
71; Ross
20619
24068
27460
32074
35071
37037
72|Sandusky
$52
2:51
10152
14305
21429
25503
321 63
73|Scioto
5750
11192
18428
24297
29302
33511
75 Shelby
2106
3671
12151
13353
17493
24146
76|Stark.
12406
26558
39978
42378
-52303
6:027
S'Trumbull
13546
26153
34107
79 Tuscarawas
8329
14299
25-31
31761
32463
33340
40197
80.I'nion
1996
3192
4
1577
4793
111203
15$23
22030
83| Warren
1,537
21.468
23111
25500
36268
40000
43214
85| Wayne .
11933
33908
32981
16633
20991
23-21
733
1102
5957
9:57
17846
215M
3406
85; Wyandot
11124
15596
1-553
2210;
.
33 Hardin
210
4593
8251
13570
15714
35 Henry
262
2503
3434
8901
1:029
19177
201115
39 Huron
9135
18058
20152
14051
15246
23249
313-0
45 Licking
11561
90860
35096
43 Lucas ..
4799
6190
9025
10015
13015
15633
25594
31001
51 Marion
58! Morgan
5297
11800
20352
25585
22119
63 Paulding
161
1034
1766
4915
215:00
2189
69|Putnam
230
51×9
7221
1:3508
17081
74 Seneca
5159
18128
27:01
30559
00955
Tosummit
22560
27155
2.341
3-1671
43749
SP656
8.6659
18730
22371
81|Van Wert
82| Vinton
9:52
13631
150027
20099
84 Washington
10125
11731
29510
35116
37452
68: Preble
18201
19182
21756
23028
47, Lorain
5696
18467
93:22
12363
25.531
15713
22518
21 Delaware
12599
18568
24174
23158
52640
23 Fairfield
31138
34265
26:Fulton
20 Greene
30 Guernsey
31 Hamilton
32 Hancock
25674
25032
23600
2:23-3
4 Ashtabula.
5 Athens
6333
9787
19109
18215
11353
17695
15738
14+31
16414
11;Champaign
32:36
35299
17 Crawford
63€6
118:6
63019
25333
43 Lake
13719
26086
49 Madison
23:35
20280
20589
34 Harrison
18108
23813
22951
21933
86| Williams
4465
8019
16307
2218
3809
21361
203
MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION.
POPULATION OF THE UNITED STATES.
STATES AND TERRITORIES.
Area in square Miles.
POPULATION.
Miles I.P. 1872
STATES AND TERRITORIES.
Area in square Miles.
1870
18-0
1472
States.
States.
Alabama.
50,722
996,992
1,262,791
1,671
Pennsylvania.
46,000
3,521,791
4,282,786
5,113
Arkansas
52,198
4×4, 47 !!
802,504
25
Rhode Island ..
1,306
217,353
276,5281
136
California.
1SS,9$1|
560,247
Shit. 650
1,013
South Carolina.
29.385|
705,606
993,622
1,201
Colorado.
104,500
39,504
194,649
392
Tennessee.
45,600
1,258,520
1,542,4521
1,520
Connecticut.
4,674
537,454
622.623
820
Texas
237,504
813,579;
1,592,574|
865
Delaware
2.120
125,015
146,654
227
Vermont.
10,212
330,551
33%,
675
Florida.
59,268
187,748|
267,331!
466
Virginia
40.904
1,225,163
1,512,806
1,490
Georgia
53,000
1,184,109;
1.539,042: 2,108
West Virginia
23,000
442,014
618,413
485
Illinois.
55,110
2,539,5911
3,078,149 5,901
Wisconsin.
53,924|
1,051,670
1.315,450
1,725
Indiana
33 .- 03
1,191.702
1.621,620:
3,100)
Total States
2,054,671
38,151,127
49,369,595!
59,716
Kansas
81,313
361,399
995,956;
1,750
Lonisiana
41,316
726,915
910,103
539
Arizona.
113,916
9,638
40.111
Maine.
31,776
626,915
6-18,345
871
Dakota.
147,400;
14,191
135,180
Maryland.
11,194
780,594
931.632
820
Dist. of Columbia.
CO
131,700
177,638
៛
Massachusetts
7.500
1,457,361
1,753,012!
Idaho ..
90.932
14,999
32,611
Michigan
56,451
1,181,059
1,636,331|
2,233;
Montana
143,776
20,595,
39,157
Minnesota
83,531;
439.706
750,5061
1,612
New Mexico.
121,201
91,874
118,4301
3%%
Missouri.
65,350
1,721,235
2,158,804
2,580
Washington
€9,911
23,955
+5,1201
433
Nevada ...
112,09)
9.990
318,300
345.944
1,130,953|
1,265:
New York.
47.000
4,332,759|
5,093,910|
4,4.0,
Aggregate of U.S ..
2.915,203
38,555,983
60,852
North Carolina
50.1041
1,071,361)
1,400,0471
1,190;
Olio ..
39.961
2,665.200
3,198,239;
3,710g
Oregon.
95,21-1
90,923!
174,767|
179
*Included in the Railroad Milcage of Maryland.
PRINCIPAL COUNTRIES OF THE WORLD ;
POPULATION AND AREA.
COUNTRIES.
Population.
Date of Census.
Area in Square Miles.
Inhabitants to Square Mile.
CAPITALS. .
Population.
China.
416,500.000
1871
3.741,846
119.3
Pekin.
1,648,800
British Empire ..
226,817,108
1871
4,677,432
48.6
London ..
3,51,800
Russia ..
81,925.400
1871
8.003,778
10.2
St. Petersburg
667,000
United States with Alaska
38,925,600
1870
2,603,884
7.78
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