USA > Ohio > Clark County > The history of Clark County, Ohio, containing a history of the county; its cities, towns, etc.; general and local statistics; portraits of early settlers and prominent men, V. 1 > Part 61
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The buildings were erected for the purpose to which they were for twenty years assiduously devoted. Special attention was given to secure thorough ven- tilation, and to provide every other appliance necessary for the comfort and health of the pupils, The rooms were carpeted and neatly furnished. and the whole establishment lighted with gas, and heated by the most approved steam apparatus.
The noble purpose of the founders of this institution was to establish a school of the highest grade; a school where religion should have a prominent place, where the heart should be cultivated in connection with the intellect- where the daughters might receive an education which would fit them for the proper discharge of the important duties awaiting them in active practical life.
Rev. L. H. Christian succeeded Mr. Smith as Principal in 1854. who was followed by Rev. Charles Sturdevant in 1855. During the administration of the latter the institution became embarrassed. and heavily in debt. An arrangement was made with Mr. Sturdevant, and the Board of Trustees, by which the former assumed the liabilities, and the company conveyed their interest to him. In 1857, Rev. James L. Rogers purchased a one-half interest in the institution from Mr. Sturdevant, and was associated with the latter in the management of the seminary and in the instruction of the scholars. In 1560. Mr. Sturdevant sold his remaining interest in the seminary to Rev. Henry R. Wilson. D. D., who became the Principal. and five years later Mr. Rogers purchased the inter. est of Mr. Wilson, and became sole owner and head of the institution. During the years 1865 and later. the seminary attained its highest degree of efficiency. It sustained a high reputation throughout the State. Its high moral tone, its
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strong corps of educators, and the care and culture of its pupils made it a favored institution.
It continued its successful career until the year 1971, when the grounds and building were sold to the Board of Education of the city of Springfield. for the sum of $27,150, and Springfield lost an institution which for years had been a prominent and attractive feature. At the time the institution was closed, the following was the corps of instructors: Principal. Rev. James L. Rogers. A. M .; teachers in the literary department. Miss H. V. Haas, Miss M. E. Mackin- tosh, Miss E. M. Sawyer, Miss S. J. Turner, Miss S. E. Goble; teachers in the musical department. Prof. Ed Hardik, Miss. Helen J. Macbeth; teacher of French. Prof. John Barthelemy; teacher of painting and drawing. Miss Rebbie Rodgers.
WITTENBERG COLLEGE.
For beauty and healthfulness. the location of Wittenberg College is not surpassed by that of any other college in the State, or in the entire country. The college with the residences of its professors constitute one of the suburbs of the thriving city of Springfield. The college building proper occupies an ele- vated situation, comprising as its campus, forty-two acres of ground, skirted by the beautiful stream and valley of Lagonda, and finely shaded with sugar. oak and elm trees of the natural forest, thus rendering the situation of the college perfectly unsurpassable for both beauty and variety of scenery. Wittenberg College was chartered on the 11th day of March. A. D. 1845. by an act of the General Assembly of the State of Ohio, which provided that John Hamilton, of Stark County; William G. Keil, and David Tullis, of the county of Guernsey: John B. Beck and Solomon Ritz. of the county of Tuscarawas: George Leiter, of the county of Richland: John H. Hoffman and Jacob Roller, of the county of Columbiana: Elias Smith, of the countyof Wayne; Presley N. O'Bannon. of the county of Licking; John N. Kurtz. of the county of Clark: Philip Binkley. of the county of Greone; David Porter Rosemiller, Frederick Gebhart and Peter Baker, of Montgomery County, and George Sill, of the county of Preble. members of the Board of Directors appointed by the English Evangelical Lutheran Synod of Ohio, and Miami Synod. to establish a college at some suitable point in Greene or Clark Counties. State of Ohio, are hereby created a body corporate and politie, by the name. style and title of the Board of Directors of Wittenberg College, and they and their successors in office, as such, have power to sue and be sued, plead and be impleaded, to defend and be defended, in all courts of equity; to have a common seal, and to alter it at pleasure: to hold all kinds of estate which they may acquire by purchase or donation to any amount necessary to accomplish the objects of the institution, and to have and to convey at discre- tion; to form a constitution and by-laws for their perpetuation and government: to make all necessary regulations for the management of their fiscal concerns: to admit, exclude and expel members; to appoint officers, and to do such other acts as may be necessary to effect the promotion of theological and scientific knowledge; provided. however, that said constitution, by-laws and regulations. shall be consistent with the Constitution of the United States and the State of Ohio.
The following persons comprised the first Board of Directors of the college:
Officers-Rev. G. W. Keil. President: Rev. John Hamilton. Secretary: Rev. John B. Reck, Rev. C. C. Guenther. Rov. T. J. Ruth, Rev. George Leiter, Judge D. Tallis. Judge J. Roller, J. Lawrence. E. Smith and George Welty. from the Synod in which the institution originated.
To these were added. from the Miami Synod, Ohio, Rev. D. P. Rosenmil- ler, Rev. George Sill and Mr. Frederick Gebhart.
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CITY OF SPRINGFIELD.
The institution is in connection with that branch of the Evangelical Luth- eran Church, represented by the "General Synod of the United States."
It originated in the religious and educational want of the Lutheran Church in the West-then so called.
Under that twofold necessity, the promotion of higher education and the practical Christian piety in the Lutheran Church, the ministry and laity com- prising the members of the English Synod of Ohio, at a convention held in Washington, Guernsey County, in the month of November, 1842, Resolved, That in reliance upon the Triune Jehovah, and alone for His honor and glory we do now establish a Literary and Theological institution.
The district Synods represented in the Board of Directors are: The Synod of East Ohio, the Synod of Miami and the Wittenberg Synod, comprising the territory of the State of Ohio, and the Synods of Northern Indiana, and Olive Branch, in the State of Indiana. The Directors of this institution may, how- ever, be elected by any Lutheran Synod in connection with the Evangelical Lutheran General Synod, which shall adopt the constitution of the college and pledge itself to its support. The representation from each district synod in con- nection with the college is as follows:
Two Directors for every ten clerical members of synod; four for fifteen: six for twenty; eight for twenty-five; ten for thirty; and twelve for forty or more members; provided, always, that one-half are laymen, and that one-half the representation of each synod retire from office at the same time.
The members of the Board of Directors are elected for four years, and are eligible to re-election. The present board is comprised of thirty-six members: thirty-four of whom are from the synods above named; and two from Clark County. Those at present from Clark County are Hon. S. A. Bowman and Mr. . Ross Mitchell.
The Rev. Ezra Keller, D. D., a graduate of Gettysburg College, Pennsylva- nia, with the Class of 1835, was the first President of the college.
Dr. Keller opened the grammar school of the college on the 3d day of November. 1845, in the lecture room of the First English Evangelical Lutheran Church, of Springfield, Ohio. The attendance, on the first day of the session. was eight students and a Faculty of one professor and two tutors. This was increased to seventy-one before the close of the first year, and to 143 during the second year. Three years of steady progress passed away without any mumsnal occurrence in the history of the institution, but the fourth year opened with an event which filled the hearts of the friends of the infant college with deep anx- iety and profound sadness. After a brief illness, the summons of death came to the first President of the institution, in the midnight hour of the 29th day of December, 1848. He was called away from the most of his ardvous labors, and in the vigor and prime of his life. He died in the thirty-seventh year of his age.
Mr. Joseph Welty, of Tuscarawas County, Ohio, and Mr. Sauerwine, were associated with Dr. Keller during the first term of the institution.
Upon their withdrawal in the month of March, 1846, H. R. Geiger and Michael Deilil, also graduates of Gettysburg College, Pennsylvania, were chosen as professors in the institution.
After the death of Dr. Keller, Rev. Samuel Sprecher, then Pastor of the First English Lutheran Church at Chambersburg, Penn., was elected to the Pres- idency of the institution.
He was publicly indneted to the chair of Christian Theology in the semi - nary and as President of the college on the 14th of August, 1849.
In the year 1850, Isaac Sprecher, nephew of Dr. Sprecher, became con- nected with the institution, first as Principal of the Preparatory Department,
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HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY.
and later as Professor of Ancient Languages, the chair of which he resigned at a regular meeting of the board held in the month of June, 1877.
To Dr. Sprecher, Prof. Geiger, Prof. Deihl and Prof. Isaac Sprecher -- four teachers long identified with the Wittenberg College, two of whom still remain-Drs. Sprecher and Geiger-the Lutheran Church and the patrons of the college at Springfield and elsewhere, owe a debt of gratitude for their devo- tion to the cause of higher education, and to the general interest and welfare of Wittenburg College through its darkest hours, and its long years of struggle and weakness. Only those who, with their families, have had the experience can appreciate the toil, privation and trial, connected with the establishment of an institution of learning. Meager salaries, as a rule, in proportion to what the professors and teachers could realize elsewhere, and hard work, is the common lot of the teacher and professor in a Western college.
In failing health Prof. Deihl resigned the chair of ancient languages in 1868, to which he had been chosen in 1846.
After the lapse of scarcely a year, he was borne to his burial, honored, beloved and lamented by all who knew him. Having been so long connected with the institution, his influence extended far beyond the college and the city, and his moral worth and spiritual power were above estimate.
From October, 1873, to the collegiate year ending June, 1880, Rev. J. H. W. Stuckenburg. D. D., a graduate of the college with the Class of 1859, was associated with Dr. Sprecher in the theological department. Upon the resig- nation of Dr. Stuckenberg, Rev. S. A. Ort, D. D., a graduate from the college in the Class of 1863, and, at the time of his election, Pastor of the St. James Lu- theran Church, New York, was chosen to the chair of sacred philosophy, vacated by Dr. Stuckenberg.
Among those associated with the faculty of the college, in the past history of the institution, we find the names of Rev. J. G. Harris, T. A. Burrows, Mor- ris Officer, A. J. Imhoff, Rev. F. W. Conrad, D. D., the present editor of the Lutheran Observer, then for a period of five years from 1849 to 1834, Professor of Sacred Rhetoric, Pastoral Theology and Modern Languages. Also Rev. A. Essick, A. M., Professor of Natural Sciences, Rev. Joel Swartz, D. D., Professor of Church History. Homileties and Pastoral Theology.
Rev. S. A. Ort, at present Professor of Sacred Philosophy, was at a former period assistant professor in the mathematical department of the college. Upon his resignation of that department in October, 1874, Rev. S. J. Brackenridge. of the Class of 1560, entered upon the duties of Professor of Mathematics, to which chair he was duly elected at the next regular meeting of the board in June, 1875.
Henry G. Rodgers, of the Class of 1864, was first tutor. then Principal of the Preparatory Department for a period of years. Prof. Rodgers and wife returning from the East. on their bridal tour, were among the victims of the fatal Ashtabula disaster.
Prof. Rodgers was a capable teacher, and above all, also a noble Christian man. Prepared for the messenger of death as he and his Christian wife doubt- less were, it will nevertheless always be a sad thought that their departure had to be associated with such a horror.
The following persons have also been engaged in teaching in the Conaner- cial and Preparatory Department of the institution: A. S. Kissell. Edward Harrison, W. B. Youce, Maurice Kirby, Jobn A. Rubl, William I. Cutter. J. F. Reinmund, John F. Mitch. H. J. W. Good!in. Thomas Hill, Charles L. Ehrenfek !. at present State Librarian of Pennsylvania, George S. Sprecher, son of Dr. Sprecher, J. Krediel, B. F. Prince, W. W. Evans, Dr. A. H. Shultze, George H. Young, W. S. Hoskinson and F. D. Alman. For several years past, Prof. P.
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CITY OF SPRINGFIELD.
Robertson, of Dayton, Ohio, has given instruction in elocution to the satisfaction of both the faculty and the students.
After a quarter of a century of arduous and successful labor at the head of the institution. Dr. Sprecher resigned its Presidency, in order to devote his time more fully to the writing of theological works, long contemplated by him- self, and as constantly urged by his friends, and long also a felt want in that branch of the Lutheran Church in which he is, beyond question, the profound theologian and the eminent teacher. Upon Dr. Sprecher's resignation, at a regular meeting of the College Board in the month of June, 1874. the Rev. J. B. Helwig, then Pastor of the First English Lutheran Church, Dayton, Ohio, and a member of the Class of 1861, was elected to the Presidency of the college.
At the writing of this sketch, the following persons comprise the Faculty and instructors at Wittenberg College: In the Theological Department. Samuel Sprecher, D. D., LL. D .; Frederick Gebhart, Professor of Systematic Theol- ogy; S. A. Ort. D. D., Culler Professor of Sacred Philosophy: in the college, J. B. Helwig, D. D., President and Professor of Moral Sciences and Political Economy: S. A. Ort, D. D., Professor of Mental Philosophy; H. R. Geiger, A. MI., Ph. D., Professor of Natural Sciences: B. F. Prince, A. M .. Professor of Greek and History; S. F. Breckenridge, A. M., Professor of Mathematics and Logic, also teacher of Latin: Chair of English Literature, vacant: Chair of Latin, vacant: Prof. Haake, teacher of German; G. H. Young, A. M., Principal of the Preparatory Department; W. S. Hoskinson, A. M., Tutor; F. D. Altman, A. B .. Teacher of Penmanship: instruction in elocution by Prof. P. Robertson, Davion, Ohio: B. F. Prince, Librarian.
Dr. Geiger's professorship at the college has extended through a period of thirty-four years. That of Dr. Sprecher thirty-one years.
Prof. Prince has been teaching in the various departments of the college for a period of fourteen years.
Dr. Helwig. Profs. Breckenridge and Young, for a period of seven years each. Prof. Hoskinson, two years. Dr. Ort, in his present position, from the opening of the present collegiate year.
The attendance of students upon the instruction in the various departments of the institution during the collegiate year of 1879 and 1880 was 175, an increase over any of the ten preceding years. These were distributed as follows: Theologians, 18; collegians, 68; electives, IS: preparatorians, 71.
The full preparatory course now comprises three years. The collegiate, either classical or scientific, four years, and the theological course two years.
The alumni of the theological department number 164, of whom 114 are graduates of the college. The alumni of the college number 2SS.
Sixty-one students have graduated from the city of Springfield.
Fifty-five from the alumni of the college have entered the legal profession. Of this number now in the city of Springfield are the following, namely: S. A. Bowman, J. J. Snyder, A. H. Gillett, George C. Rawlins, Oscar T. Martin. Amos Wolfe. W. L. Weaver. C. R. White, Milton Cole, J. F. McGrew, James Johnson, Augustus N. Summers, Charles S. Boyle, J. L. Zimmerman, and others.
Other graduates have entered the medical profession, while others still are occupying professors' chairs in the colleges and theological seminaries. A large number occupy prominent positions as principals and superintendents of public schools and academies, while not less than four hundred have been engaged as teachers in the various departments of our common schools.
There are three literary societies connected with the institution -. the Excel- sior and Philosophian for the gentlemen, and the Hesperian or the Ladies' Soci- ety
These societies meet every Wednesday afternoon for exercises in composi-
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HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY.
tion, declamation and debate; and they occupy a very important place in pro- moting the literary culture and ability of their members. The libraries of the college and societies contain S00 volumes.
A reading-room, under the control of the students, was established a few years ago, in which are found the leading papers and magazines of the day.
The college cabinet has many valuable geological specimens, collected and arranged for the purpose of illustrating lithological and historical geography. It has also been recently well supplied with minerals and curiosities from the Pacific coast and the Sandwich Islands.
In 1874, the college was opened to women. Since that time, at least fifty young ladies have availed themselves of its advantages. Two have been gradu ated from the college, while nearly all the classes in the institution have those who are pursuing the regular college course. Students are matriculated at fourteen years of age.
Wittenberg College has no prescribed course of elective studies, either for gentlemen or ladies, for which she confers degrees.
Her alumni have been graduated chiefly from the classical course. The scientific course, arranged a few years ago, has been made equivalent, in time and work, to that of the classical.
The prevailing political sentiment at Wittenberg College has been anti- slavery; and in the country's peril, during the civil war, she had honorable rep- resentatives in the army and navy for the Union. The young men of Witten- berg have not been studious only, but patriotic as well.
Wittenberg College was founded in prayer and religious consecration, and. from its origin to the present day, services pertaining to the Christian religion have been steadily maintained in the institution. And. while the aim has been to maintain religion and morality as positive factors of influence in the college, yet the religion taught has been in no sense sectarian. The broad and fundamental principles of the Christian religiou, combined with those moral precepts which are practically helpful to a useful life, and which enter into the formation of an incorruptible character, are inculcated in the college, rather than any denominational doctrines or characteristics.
Nearly all the religious denominations have been and still are, from time to time, represented among the students, and with no detriment or injury to any denominational preferences which they bold.
At the daily chapel service, at which those rooming in the college are ex- pected to be present, the exercises cousist of the reading of Scripture, singing and prayer. These exercises are conducted by members of the College Faculty. On Thursday evening of each week is held the regular college prayer-meeting, upon which students are invited and urged to attend, but beyond that, their attendance is voluntary.
Although nearly all the parts of our country have been represented by stu- dents in Wittenberg College-as, for instance, over one hundred thus far from the State of Pennsylvania- yet the four great States, viz., Ohio, Indiana, Mich- igan and Kentucky, comprise the special field in the branch of the Lutheran Church, as represented in the General Synod, from which Wittenberg College chiefly draws her supplies of means and of students. Her Board of Trustees are residents of these States. With sufficient means to provide additional and still advanced facilities for education, no institution of learning in this country has a more promising field and future than has Wittenberg College.
INDUSTRIAL INTERESTS.
The industrial interests of Springfield are of such vast importance that it has been deemed advisable to appropriate a separate chapter to the history of
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CITY OF SPRINGFIELD.
that feature. This chapter has therefore been prepared by Thomas F. MeGrew. Jr., who has elaborately and faithfully portrayed the origin, growth, develop- ment and present magnitude of our manufacturing interests.
The inventive, as well as, the mechanical, genius of the Champion City of Springfield is wonderful to contemplate. From the early days of the single- shovel plow and the reaping sickle, to the present day of sulky plows, grain drills, corn planters and mowing machines, the genius of our people has kept pace with all wants to such an extent that to-day not only this country, but the whole world, is being supplied with agricultural implements of all kinds from the factories within our limits, the products of which exhibit to trade and com- merce the ability and excellence of our manufactories. They have produced such improvements in agricultural implements that even the wise men from the east must come to this inland town for what have become farming as well as , household necessities. Not long after our first settlement. the water-wheel and steam-engine took the place of horse-power. In early times, the driving quali- ties of our people built mills for grinding the cereal productions of the Lagonda Valley. Stove foundries soon followed, then the great turbine water-wheel, the mowing machines, grain drills, threshing machines, corn plows, cider-mills and steam-engines, became part of our every day productions, until now the whole city is one din of machinery, managed and directed by men engaged in making the different implements and shipping them to all parts of the globe, to help mankind to plant, care for and harvest the crops that bring food, wealth and prosperity to the country.
The natural manufacturing facilities of this city are not large. Almost, if not all, of the water-power has been made by the band of man, or perhaps, more properly speaking, what nature has deprived us of, the efforts of our enterpris- 'ing citizens have brought to our door. Many years ago, and at intervals since, the plan of building a water-power, or aqueduct, from Mad River on the north into our city limit has been a theory much thought of: but, while some were spending time looking and thinking over this plan, the steady utilization of tim- ber, stone, brick, mortar and steam-power, has so filled our city with shops and factories that power has been sought in another direction. That is, from steam, the simplest and cheapest power yet invented. The greatest expense in the use of steam is fuel, and Springfield was remote from the coal-fields. This deti- ciency in manufacturing facilities has recently been removed by the construction of a railroad from this place to Jackson County, Ohio, .eaching the coal-fields at that point. Now fuel is more abundant, and easily obtained. if not cheaper.
To those who can remember the old grist-mill, saw-mill and woolen-factory, in the days when the little log cabin stood where the soldiers' monument now stands, this grand change is like a transformation, which is to them as a child growing into manhood, and becoming not only great and good, but the admira- tion of all.
The number of manufactories in the city make it a manufacturing place of no small dimensions, and, while she stands sixth in the State in point of popu- lation, her manufacturing interests place her much higher in this list, and it would be hard to find in the whole country another town of its size with any- thing like the proportions of Springfield in this direction. The extensive fac- tories and small shops, now inclosing some five square miles of floor room, and giving regular employment to over four thousand hands, is a living testimony to the driving qualities of our manufacturers. This condition of business is continually enlarging. The earlier industries were more the work of necessity than profit, the mill to grind the corn for food, the saw-mill and the loom were all built to provide the necessities of life to those who came here to spend their days in making a home for those who would come after to reap the harvest that
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HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY.
they planted for them. Among the very first, if not indeed the first, to engage in any manufacturing venture in this city, was the determined early settler, James Demint, who, in 1803, built, at the mouth of Mill Run a grist-mill of small proportions, which ground away a whole day to produce a few sacks of meal; but such was the convenience of this mill to the settlers of that day that no complaint was made, but, with pipe and gun, they would go and watch the meal run out, like the sand from an hour-glass, while they would exchange the news of the neighborhood with each other.
Simon Kenton was the next to build a mill, at the point where the village of Lagonda now stands, of which mention is made in connection with the man- ufacturing interests of that place.
In Mr. Woodward's sketches of Springfield, he writes: In 1807, Robert Rennick built a flonring-mill on Buck Creek, where Bechtle's old mill was for- merly situated, while Mr. Ludlow, in his early history of Springfield, states that this mill was built in 1802. Robert Rennick built a grist-mill either in 1802 or between that and 1807, on Buck Creek, opposite the Bechtel farm, and, from all information gained, it was an improvement on the others; so, to have been an improvement on them, it must have been built after them. Most likely the Rennick mill was built after the Demint and Keuton mills. This was a flour and grist mill, and provided for the wants of the settlers of that day. In 1809, John Lingle built a mill for making gunpowder, near where Mill Run flows into Buck Creek. His magazine for storage stood near where the present City Hall now stands. About 1514. Maddox Fisher built a mill near the mouth of Mill Run, whether a grist or cotton mill, or both, is not a settled point, but it was either used for both at the same time or at different times, and was known as the Fisher Mill until destroyed by fire in 1834. About the same time (1814), Ira Paige and Jacob Woodward had a woolen-factory near where the old paper- mill stood, on Mill Run.
In 1817, Griffith Foos had a small mill in operation where the shops of the Champion Bar & Knife Company now stand. The same year, JJames Johnson commenced the manufacture of cut nails, which was a matter of po small importance to the citizens at that time. In 1827, Ambrose Blount, James Lowry and Jacob Kills built the paper-mill on Buek Creek. Part of said mill is now standing, and will be mentioned in connection with the Ellster Table Factory. This brings us to the time of more extensive improvements in the manufactuirng line. About 1820, Joseph Perrin built and operated a saw- mill on or near where Engert & Dunkel at present have the ice-pond, west of the Lagonda Pike, and south of the C., S. & C. R. R., about five hundred yards southwest from the crossing of those roads. In 1838, Richard Rodgers baill and operated a saw mill one-half mile below the present village of Lagouda. The water-power used by these mills afterward was turned into the Barnett Hydraulic. In the winter of 1840-41. Samuel and James Barnett purchased of Joseph Perrin, Richard Rodgers and Jeremiah Warder, land and water right, and made the first artificial power of any magnitude. The Barnett Hydraulic, to the present day, supplies power to several large mills. After preparing thc power. Samuel and James Barnett built and operated until 1847, a merchant flouring-mill, and to-day the mill stands, with numerous modern improvements. one of the best flouring-mills in the country. In 1847, Samuel Barnett bought his brother's interest, which he held until 1859, when he sold out to William Warder and W. A. Barnett, who have run the mill up to this date, and are now adding improvements to it which will place them in a better condition to com- pete in the market with the vast number of large mills of the highest class. 1811. Sanmel and James Barnett sold to James Loffel one-twelfth part of the water-power of the hydraulic; also the same amount to Richard Rodgers.
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