USA > Ohio > Clark County > The history of Clark County, Ohio, containing a history of the county; its cities, towns, etc.; general and local statistics; portraits of early settlers and prominent men, V. 1 > Part 39
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In the Addenda to Howe's Historical Collections of Ohio, under the title, "Clark County," it is stated very directly that Simon Kenton came here in 1799, in company with John Humphreys and six other families from Kentucky. This party made a settlement at or near the confluence of Buck Creek with Mad River, and erected a fort or block-house station; fourteen cabins were raised and partly finished within the cover of this work. At the time Howe visited this county (1846) for notes to his collections, Mr. Humphreys was liv- ing, and either communicated the above directly to him, or for him. In a com- munication from T. Mckinnon, of London, Ohio, read at the Clark-Shawnee Centennial, held on the old Piqua battle-ground in August, 1880. he states that, while Kenton lived on the Hunt farm before mentioned, he discovered, among a party of Indians camped near by, one of his former captors, who had grossly mistreated him while a prisoner in the hands of the Indians. Kenton cut a hickory withe and whipped the redskin severely; this affair created no little alarm in the neighborhood, the whites fearing that the Indians would take revenge; but a big dinner for the whole party, served the next day, so appeased the wrath of the Indians that nothing further ever came of the circumstance. Kenton died April 29, 1836, aged eighty-one years and twenty-six days, accord- ing to the inscription on the slab at his grave, which is in Logan County, on the head-waters of Mad River .*
From the records of the Common Pleas Court, June term, 1818, the follow- ng is taken:
"Be it remembered that James MeIllroy, Robert Renick and Zephaniah Platt (the Sheriff having returned non est incenturs as to Simon Kenton, against. whom the copias ad respondendum in this case also was issued)," etc. This is interesting as showing the entire uselessness of following Simon Kenton with a
*The statement at the head of this article that he was born in Faugnier County, Virginia, on the Tath of May, 1755, was taken from McClung's Sketches of Western Adventure, but is not comfrmed by the inscription on the tomb- stone, which fixes his birth at Culpeper County, Virginia, on the 3d day of April, 1735. The latter is undoubtedly correct.
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HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY.
civil writ, unless he was willing to be found. A Sheriff might as well go after a deer.
Kenton's remains were removed to Urbana in 1865, where they now rest.
JOHN HUMPHREYS
was a native of Ireland, Tyrone County, born March 6, 1764 ; emigrated to America in August, 1780, landing at Philadelphia, and, in October of the same year, he settled in Greenbrier County, Virginia. On the 25th of November, 1790, he was married, to Miss Jane Ward, whose father was killed in an engage- ment with the Indians at Point Pleasant, Va. In 1793, he removed from Vir- ginia to Mason County, Kentucky, where he remained till April, 1799, when he came to Ohio and settled on Mad River, about two and a half miles north of Springfield, on the same section of land on which he died, his death occurring March 19, 1857, he being ninety-three years of age, and having been a citizen of Clark County fifty-eight years. He was one of the pioneers, and truly an invader of the forests of Clark County; was a valued and highly esteemed citi- zen, who contributed much by his virtues, as such, to edify the social interests of the community of which he was a member; but, what was better still, he was an earnest, consistent Christian, one whose memory will long be cherished by those who knew him. He professed religion in Ireland, and became a member of the Presbyterian Church in the year 1787, and in that church lived and died, having sustained the life of a professor for seventy years; was one of the two elected to the office of Elder upon the organization of the Presbyterian Church at Springfield, July 17, 1819, and duly ordained to that office August 19 of the same year. This office he continued to exercise until superannuation disabled him from performing its more active functions.
Though very aged, he was peculiarly cheerful and happy, possessing an unusual amount of vigor and vivacity, which he retained till death. He was the father of fourteen children, eleven of whom grew to maturity and became heads of families.
He left as survivors six sons and two daughters, fifty-five grandchildren and thirty-seven great-grandchildren --- in all, one hundred descendants.
Mr. Humphreys was one of the parties who came here in 1799 with Simon Kenton and made the settlement on the forks of Mad River. (See "First White Men," in another part of this volume. ) His grandson, John A. Hum- phreys, is now one of the business men of Springfield, and has the time-stained "church letter" which his grandfather brought from Ireland nearly one hundred years ago. This unpretentious little document is interesting as having been present during many a scene in the early days of the Western settlements, of which
" No record exists, and no whisper is breathed."
DAVID LOWRY, JR.,
was born in Pennsylvania in November, 1767. He was the third son of David and Lettice Lowry, who came from Scotland. Mr. Lowry came down the Ohio River with a boat-load of locust timber, for boat-building, early in the spring of 1795, and became one of the first white men who settled in this county, as has been stated elsewhere. His first settlement was on the south half of Section 3. Town 3, Range 9. The next was on the southeast quarter of Section 9. same town.
He was married. in November, 1801, to Sarah Hammer; she died in Angust, 1810. Second marriage was to Mrs. Jane Hodge, February 14, 1811. Mr. Lowry died in September. 1859, aged ninety-two years. His wife died
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HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY.
,
in 1868. He was a man of great nerve, and not often disturbed by any occurrence. Strictly temperate and never profane, he was a model citizen. His frequent use of the expression "My gramany " obtained for him a friendly nick- name, used only by his neighbors as a mark of good-natured familiarity.
JONATHAN DONNEL.
Of this early pioneer, who was the companion of David Lowry, in the first known settlement in this county, but little can be learned now. He was born in Lycoming County, Penn., and came "West" in 1795, during the spring of which year he met Mr. Lowry at or near Cincinnati, and united his interests with those of his new-formed acquaintance, as is stated elsewhere in this work, which resulted in his selection of a portion of Section 33, Town 4, Range 9 (now in Bethel Township), as his future home. In 1797, Mr. Donnel returned to Pennsylvania aud brought out his brother James, who was then but eight years old, this brother grew to manhood under the guardianship of Jonathan Donnel, who was an active business man, and an accomplished surveyor. .
He had a family of five children, viz., John, who died in Oregon; Jonathan, Jr., now living in Iowa; Elizabeth, who married Gen. John Keifer; Rachel, who married George Layton; Lucinda, who married and removed to Michigan. Mr. Donnel was engaged in furnishing supplies to the Western army during the "war of 1812," and, through the sudden ending of the war, or some other unknown cause, he lost quite an amount of property; this combined with ill health, brought on by exposure, resulted in a temporary fit of insanity, during which he committed suicide by hanging.
This event transpired in the spring-house, on what is known as the farm of - A. Holcomb, near the limekilns in the extreme western part of Springfield Township. The date of this sad act has not been learned, but is generally con- ceded to have occurred just after the close of the war of 1812, probably. in the year 1815 or 1816.
The cause of his death has also been attributed to family troubles, but the best opinions of by far the greater number of old citizens, are that the latter reason is only an unkind rumor, without good foundation. He was buried in the graveyard at "New Boston," and his remains are among those of many other of the early pioneers, whose resting-places are unmarked and unknown in that neglected inclosure of thorns and brambles. (See the article "Boston.")
Donnel's Creek was named in honor of the subject of this sketch, while the village of Donnelsville is supposed to have been so named also, yet the pub- lic records show that the town was surveyed by James Donnel and Abraham Smith in August, 1836, and it may be that it was named on account of the lat- ter Donnel.
ISRAEL LUDLOW.
Few names are more thoroughly identified with the lands known as the "Symmes Purchase," or indicated by the mystical M R S (Miami Rivers Survey) found upon the field books of all the old surveyors of this broad quarter of Ohio, than the one at the head of this article.
In 1788, three persons, viz., Matthias Denman, Robert Patterson and John Filson purchased a tract of land, amounting to something less than two whole sections, where the city of Cincinnati now stands, and came to the spot with the intention of laying off a town there. This land was purchased from John Cleves Symmes, who was also interested in the new enterprise. Patterson appears to have been the " moneyed" head of the concern, while Filson, who was an ex-school teacher, general linguist, etc., was to act as surveyor. Denman was a sort of "advance agent" and heralded the scheme to those afar off. In September,
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HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY.
1788, this party, together with a few Kentuckians as escort, undertook to explore the country a few miles north of the Ohio River, when Filson became separated from the main party and was killed by a band of straggling Indians. "The locality of this occurrence was not far from the northern boundary line of Hamilton County, and northeast corner of Colerain Township."
The circumstance of Filson's death seems to have staggered matters "oppo- site the mouth of the Licking," and the whole party retreated to Limestone (now Maysville), Kentucky, where, in the language of one of the party, "another man, Israel Ludlow. was engaged to supply as best he might, the place of Fil- son;" in December of the same year (178S), the party returned, and, in January, 1789, the first survey of Cincinnati was completed by Mr Ludlow, and his future connection with the land established. From this beginning he became one of the most prominent members of the little colony which huddled around Fort Washington.
He was the surveyor who laid out the city of Dayton, in which he was an interested partner, and for twelve or fifteen years was engaged in dividing the public lands of this "grand tract." Mr. Ludlow's contract with the Govern- ment was for $3 a mile for the survey.
From the head-stone which marks his grave, in the churchyard of the First Presbyterian Church in Cincinnati, the following inscription is copied:
SACRED TO THE MEMORY OF ISRAEL LUDLOW, One of the Original Proprietors of Cincinnati, who departed this life at Ludlow's Station, January 21, A. D. 1804, in the 39th year of his age.
SKETCH OF THE CLARK COUNTY AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY.
At a meeting of the citizens of Clark County, held on Saturday, the 25th of January, 1840, pursuant to a call, at the court house in Springfield, for the purpose of organizing a county agricultural society, on motion, Jubn R. Leman was appointed Chairman, and Will Spencer Secretary. On motion, the law of Ohio relating to agricultural societies was read. Ira Paige offered a resolution requesting the President (Chairman?) to nominate suitable persons, who shall be a committee, to report a list of officers for the society, whereupon the follow. ing persons were nominated, viz .: Ira Paige, Mathew Bonner, Charles Ward, William H. Harris, Anthony Bird, John H. Cartmel. Some remarks were made by John M. Gallagher and by E. H. Cummings. The committee reported the following as suitable persons for officers of the society: John R. Leman, President; James Bogle, Vice President: W. W. Spencer, Recording Secretary; Benjamin Moore, Corresponding Secretary: Adams Stewart, Treasurer; S. G. Moler, W. G. Serviss. John A. Alexander, Executive Committee.
" Resolved, That the doings of this meeting be published in the Republic." It is supposed that the meeting adjourned. though the records do not mention it. At the next meeting, which was of the Board of Officers, various items of business were transacted, the principal of which was the selection of a commit- tee of three from each township to promote the objects of the society.
The Township Committees were:
Springfield-Andrew Gowdy, Jacob Wolf. George Warder. Harmony- Herriman Chamberlin, Mathew Bonner, Thomas Wright. Pleasant-John H.
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oyours truly SPRINGFIELD
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HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY. 3-17
Cartmel, William Coffee, John L. Mowder. Green -- John Budd, John A. Stew- art, Jolm Luce. Madison-Rowland Brown, Alexander Waddle, Doctors Houston, Joel Van Meter, Malyne D. Baker, Samuel Drummon. Moorfield -- William H. Harris, James Foley, James Humphrey. Bethel -- Ebenezer Porter, David Lowry, John Menich. Pike-Samuel Black, William Spencer, Jolin Thomas. German-John Beman, Daniel Kiblinger, John M. Calla. Meeting adjourned to meet Friday, March 6.
At a meeting held June 14, same year, Adam Stewart, Ira Paige, E. H. Cummings and Charles Anthony were appointed a Committee of Arrange- ments, to prepare for the first fair. At the next meeting, held on the 19th of August, 1840, it was reported that all who had been invited to act as Judges had accepted except Allen Trimble, and that Col. James, of Urbana, would deliver the address. Committee on Premiums reported a schedule, which would absorb the sum of $205, to be distributed through a list of sixty-seven awards.
During the years 1841 and 1842, the record shows that fairs were held, officers elected in regular order, etc. February 22, 1843, it was ordered that all officers hold their places during the coming year, and that the meeting adjourn subject to the call of the President. From the fact that there is no record of any fairs or proceedings until 1853, the above may have been an easy way of "going out of business." The next entry in the record book informs us that a meeting of citizens assembled in the City Hall Saturday, February 12, 1853, and organized an agricultural society by electing officers and a Board of Man- agers. June 11, 1853, "the committee reported the purchase of ten acres of ground of William Huntington. at $120 per acre, which was approved." Since that date, no less than seven other parcels of land have been added by pur- chase, making a tract of about forty-six acres of highly improved ground, which is the scene of the annual county fair. The fair grounds are within the limits of the city of Springfield, and are used largely for general purposes, such as camp meetings, militia encampments, conventions, re-unions, etc. There is a half-mile track on the grounds, besides ample stabling, which makes it a favorite place for the meeting of those who are interested in the breeding and training of horses. In May, 1876, the County Commissioners bought the grounds from the Agricultural Society, and the property is now owned by the county. During the late war, the fair grounds were used as the camps of general ren- dezvous for several bodies of volunteer troops.
The Ohio State Fair was held on these grounds in the years 1870 and 1871.
During the early history of the first organization, the fairs were held in different parts of the county.
In the list of officers on the following page it will be observed that the names of the Managers, or Directors, have been omitted. This was done on account of want of space, and the large number of names included in the list. The vacancies are on account of not having access to the records, and the in- completeness of the records themselves:
H
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348
HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY.
OFFICERS OF THE CLARK COUNTY AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY FROM 1840 TO 1881, EXCEPT MANAGERS.
YEAR.
PRESIDENT.
VICE PRESIDENT.
RECORDING SECRETARY.
CORRESPONDING SECRETARY.
TREASURER.
1840J. A. Lemon
James Bogle.
W. W. Spencer
Benj. Moore
Adams Stewart.
1841 Wm. II. Harris ...
James Bogle.
W. W. Spencer
Jeremiah Warder Adams Stewart.
1842 W. G. Serviss
Ira Paige
W W. Spencer
E. H. Cummings.
Chas. Cavileer.
$ 1813 W. G. Serviss
Ira Paige.
W. W. Spencer
E. H. Cummings. Chas. Cavileer.
*
1853 Wri. Hunt.
Jacob Peirce.
Wm. B. Miller
Geo. H. Frey.
Jas. Humphreys.
1854 Wm. Hunt.
Jacob l'eirce.
IT. J. Warden ...
Geo. H. Frey.
W. S. Field.
1855 Wm. Hunt.
Jacob Peirce
A. J. Paige +
S. G. Moler.
W. S. Field.
1856 Wm. Hunt
Jacob Peirce.
John Howell.
S. G. Moler
W. S. Field.
1857 Wm. Huut.
Chas. M. Clark.
John Howell.
S. G. Moler
W. S. Field.
1858 Wm. Hunt.
IChas. M. Clark ... John Howell.
S. G. Moler
W. S. Field.
1859 Win. Hunt
Chas. M. Clark.
John Howell.
T. J. Warder.
W. S. Field.
1860 Win. Hunt.
Chas. M Clark
A. D. Small
E. M. Doty
W. S. Field.
1861 Wmn. Hunt ..
John Snyder.
J. T. Warden
John Howell.
W. S. Field.
1862 Wre. Hunt
L. B. Sprague.
J. T. Warden.
John Howell.
W. S. Field.
1863 A. Waddle.
John Howell.
J. R. Swan
C. M. Clark
W. S. Field.
1864 A. Waddle.
Jobn Ilowell
J. R. Swan
C. M. Clark
W. S. Field.
1865 L. B. Sprague
David Shaffer.
John H. Blose.
E. A. Williams
W. S. Field.
1866 Peter Sintz
David Shaffer
James Foley
E. A. Williatus
James Bacon.
1867 Peter Sintz
David Shaffer
David Thatcher ..
Amos Whiteley.
James Bacon.
1868 Amos Whiteley
L. B. Sprague.
Smith McArthur.
Asa S. Bushnell ..
Luther Brown.
1860;
1870 L. B. Sprague
Peter Sintz.
Quincy A. Petts ..
Robt. Johnson
Luther Brown.
1871 Peter Sintz
A. R. Ludlow
D. C. Ballentine .. /Quincy A. Petts ...
Luther Brown.
1872
1873 J. J. Scurff
J. Monahan
Oscar T. Martin ..
James Foley
D. P. Jefferies.
1874
1875 L. B Sprague ...
J. S. R. Hazzard. C. E. Winters
D. P. Jefferies.
1876 J. S. R. Hazzard.
1877 J. S. R. Hazzard. Smith Wallace ..... L. B. Sprague.
D. P. Jefferies.
1878 Smith Wallace ....
W. H. Garlough .. L. B. Sprague ..
S. F. McGrew.
1879 J. S. R. Hazzard. W. H. Garlough .. L. B. Sprague.
S. F. McGrew.
1880J. S. R. Huzzard.
L. B. Sprague.
1881 William Jenkins. C. R. Rohrer.
L. B. Sprague.
THE CLARK COUNTY MEDICAL SOCIETY.
BY DR. ISAAC KAY.
The Clark County Branch of the Ohio Medical Society was organized in Springfield May 30, 1850. The records for one year from the date of its origin are not in existence.
On the 21st day of May, 1851, a meeting of the physicians of Springfield was held at the office of Dr. Robert Rodgers-Dr. J. Hendershott, Chairman, and Dr. E. M. Buckingham, Secretary. A committee was appointed to draft constitution and by-laws; also a committee to invite the profession throughout the county to join in the association, and one to make arrangements for a room in which to meet.
At the next meeting, May 30, the constitution and by-laws were adopted. The following were the original members:
İJesse W. Cook,* Berkley Gillett,* Robert Rodgers,* G. W. Runyan,* M. L. Honston. A. C. Mehanghlin, James Sprague, Elijah Collins, E. M. Buck- ingham, Isaac Hendeshott,* Cornelius Smith,* R. Houston .* V. Smith, J. N. Stockstill, D. C. Poage,* George Keifer (removed), R. J. Shackelford (removed),
*No record for the ten years from 1843 to 1853.
+Resigned. L. H. Olde appointed to fill vacancy.
;Those marked with an Asterisk (*) are deceased.
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HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY.
E. W. Steele (removed), John A. Skinner,* J. C. Stoddard, Tobias Barr (removed), James H. Gillet, Isaac Meranda, David Serviss,* James R. Bayley, W. W. Dawson, Andrew Bruce,* E. Thorn,* H. HI. Young, J. B. Lingle, H. C. Foster,* B. Winwood,* G. F. Kennedy, G. C. Paoli (removed), T. P. McCul- lough (removed), John H. Laurence (removed), Thomas C. Eakin (removed), George P. Hackenbery (removed), C. S. Smith (removed), M. Buffenbarger (removed), H. H. Seys, Isaac Kay, E. Owen, Ed D. Roc,* Daniel Neff (removed), William Marquart.
At the above meeting, by request, Dr. Gillett submitted an article to the society upon the position which its members should take concerning quack- ery and quack medicines. A resolution was passed inviting members of the profession in adjoining counties to co-operate in this enterprise. A Committee on Medical Ethics was appointed, and empiricism definitely discountenanced. Dr. Robert Rodgers was chosen President for the ensuing year -- 1850-51.
At the November meeting, 1850, Dr. Skinner read an essay upon "Medical Science," which was followed by one from Dr. Stockstill upon " Malaria." A committee was appointed to memorialize the Legislature to tax quack medi- cines and nostrums, and one to draft and report a bill of minimum prices. The report of this committee was adopted at the next meeting. February 4, 1851, four members were admitted. Dr. Cook made a verbal report of the "Phenom- ena connected with the prevalence of cholera in Newark, Ohio," etc., and a res- olution was passed that, "when called for," essays should be made the property of the society. Dr. Runyan also read an essay upon "New Medicine and New Instruments."f Dr. R. Houston was chosen President for the ensuing year, 1851-52.1
The object of this meeting being rather to give an historical resume of the more salient and important features of this organization than to present the proceedings of each meeting in detail, through a period of more than half a century, the method pursued in treating of the first two years will not be adhered to closely in the remainder of this chapter; nevertheless, we hope to let no essential point of historic interest go unrecorded.
November 4, 1851, "after some discussion," a resolution not to patronize, except in cases of necessity, drug-stores that sold patent medicine, was with- drawn. The first "request of dismissal" on the records occurred at the same- meeting. Dr. Buckingham read an essay upon the "Advancement of the Regu- lar Profession of Medicine." February 3, 1852, the first "case of discipline" was presented, verbally, which led to a resolution requiring that, when charges were made against members, they shall be in writing, and the accused shall be duly notified thereof by the Secretary. This was also the first meeting on record wherein an autopsy took place. Dr. Runyan exhibited to the society a heart obtained by post mortem examination, possessing great interest. At this ses- sion, a gentleman who preferred justice to generosity-and who probably ex- pected to "pay for his funeral"-suggested that ministers of the Gospel should be charged the same as other patients. May 4, 1852, Dr. Shackleford read an essay upon the "The Properties of Quinine." An effort was also made, but failed, to obtain permission of the society to reduce the established fees in Car- lisle, Charleston, Vienna, Enon, Fremont, and their respective vicinities. State delegates were appointed, and Dr. B. Gillett was chosen President for the ensuing year. The President-elect read an essay upon "The Influence of the Passions and Emotions of the Mind upon the Body." November 16, Dr. Paoli read an essay on the "State of Medical Science in France." At this meeting
*Those marked with an asterisk (* ) are deceased.
tA copy of the retiring President's address was requested by resolution for publication.
¿Dr. B. Gillett and J Hendershott. Vice Presidents; Dr. E. M. Buckingham. Secretary, and Dr. G. II. Ruu- yan, Treasurer. Drs. Gillett, Cook, Stockstill, Runyan and Rogers composed the first board of ceusors.
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HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY.
A committee was appointed to report upon the "Nature and Treatment of the first expulsion occurred -cause, the advocacy and practice of homoeopathy. Typhoid Fever," and the "Medicinal Virtues of Cod Liver Oil." At the next meeting, February 1, 1853, Dr. Paoli reported on the latter, after which the subject was generally discussed. At the morning session of the May meeting this year, Dr. Hackenberg read an essay on "The Influence of the Atmosphere upon the Human System," and Dr. Paoli read an interesting report of a case of "Erysipelas Phlegmanodes." Dr. Hendershott was chosen President for the ensuing year, 1853-54. November 1, 1853, the society met at Carlisle. At the next meeting in Springfield, essays on special subjects, and the report of the Committee of Ethics occupied the attention of the society. May 7, 1854, it was resolved that any member removing and remaining out of the county one year would forfeit his membership. Also, that absence for three successive meetings would have the same effect. Dr. Mclaughlin read a description of a case of malignant epidemic. Dr. Sprague, of Vienna, described an instance of obstet- rical malpractice. Committees were appointed on the practice of physic, on surgery, and on obstetrics, whose duty it shall be to embody the experiences and observations of the society thereon in separate reports, to be submitted at the next annual meeting. Dr. R. J. Shackleford was elected President for the ensuing year.
The meetings thus far summarized correspond in character to those which followed until November 6, 1855, inclusive. From various causes, the sessions of the society were discontinued until April 12, 1864, when a convention was held to effect a re-organization, fifteen physicians of Clark County and vicinity responding to the call previously made. The meeting was held at the office of Dr. Rodgers. Present: Drs. Rodgers, Owen, Bruce, Thorn, Lefevre, Dunlap, Hazzard, Stockstill, Rector, Reeves, Pratt, Clark, Janney and Kay. Dr. Rod- gers was appointed President, and Dr. Kay Secretary. The fee bill was re-ad- justed in committee of the whole. The name of the society was changed to "The Clark County Medical Society." May 5, the constitution and by-laws of the old medical society were adopted, and the society virtually resuscitated. Novem- ber 1, 1864, the fee bill was further discussed. amended, and ordered printed. Dr. Hazzard read an essay on "Pneumonia; its Pathology and Treatment," etc. This and other medical topics were discussed. At the February meeting, 1SC5, Dr. E. Owen read an essay on "The Treatment of Neuralgia by Strychnine." May 2, 1865, the Treasurer's report for the year just closed showed: Receipts, $16; expenses, $5.50. A. C. MeLaughlin was chosen President. Dr. Kay read an essay on "The Medical Properties and Uses of Ox-Gall;" Dr. Cravath on " The Claims of Medicine as a Science;" Dr. Hazzard on " The Change of Type in Disease;" and the retiring President delivered an appropriate valedictory address. A strong resolution was passed in regard to practitioners in the county who would not affiliate with the society, and thus help to promote the best interests of the profession .. Dr. Rodgers read a paper on "Anesthesia." November 7, Dr. Dunlap verbally reported a case of craniotomy, and Dr. Buck- ingham a special operation in surgery.
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