USA > Pennsylvania > Bedford County > History of Bedford, Somerset, Fulton counties Pennsylvania > Part 15
USA > Pennsylvania > Fulton County > History of Bedford, Somerset, Fulton counties Pennsylvania > Part 15
USA > Pennsylvania > Somerset County > History of Bedford, Somerset, Fulton counties Pennsylvania > Part 15
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James Milligan, a successful Indian fighter, and Alexander McKee, from whom, we believe, originated the name of the gap known as Mc- Kee's, were residents of a region now embraced by Blair county, while Richard Wells, Richard Wells, Jr., and James Wells resided in the division now termed Somerset county.
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THE REVOLUTIONARY PERIOD.
CHAPTER X. THE REVOLUTIONARY PERIOD.
Extent of Bedford County at the Beginning of the Revolutionary War - The Names of Some of Its Prominent Men at that Time - Its Representatives in the bodies termed "Provincial Con- vention," "Committee of Safety," and "Conference" of 1776 - Bedford County Men join the First Pennsylvania Rifle Bat- talion and March to Boston, Massachusetts - Brief History of that Famous Battalion - Various Letters, Orders, Rosters of Companies, Extracts, etc., Gleaned from State Archives and County Records.
W HEN the revolutionary war began, Bed- ford county comprised the territory form- ing the present counties of Bedford, Fulton, Som- erset, Huntingdon, Blair and Cambria. The Scotch element predominated in the region de- scribed, and among those who at once became prominently identified in the struggle for inde- pendence and national unity were Col. George Woods, Judge Barnard Dougherty, Col. David Espy, Samuel Davidson, Esq., Col. John Piper, Col. James Piper, Maj. John Cessna (the great- grandfather of Hon. John Cessna), Col. Charles Cessna, Maj. Edward Coombs, Col. Hugh Bar- clay, Capt. Andrew Mann, Col. Robert Gal- braith, Capt. Robert Cluggage, James Martin, William Proctor, William Parker, Capt. Thomas Paxton, Col. Thomas Smith, James Wells, John Malott, Robert Scott, and Capt. James Francis Moore, besides the major portion of the inhabi- tants. We say the major portion because there was a large number, in the aggregate, scattered through the county as then formed, who, in their endeavor to remain loyal to King George the Third, were denominated tories.
The destruction of the tea in Boston harbor and the enactment of the " Boston Port Bill " had aroused the colonists throughout the conti- nent to concerted action, and of the deputies who met at Philadelphia on the 15th of July, 1774, to take action regarding the grievances of the Americans, George Woods, Esq., was pres- ent as the representative for Bedford county. Following this meeting came the " Provincial Convention," the members of which assembled at Philadelphia on the 23d of January, 1775, and continued in session six days. Committees were present from each county in the province, except those from Bedford and Westmoreland, who, doubtless, were prevented from attending, by reason of the great distance to be overcome during an inclement season of the year. This con- vention promulgated various recommendations to the end that the province might become self-
sustaining, manufacture its own goods, etc., and thus avoid the importation of articles of English manufacture. The crisis to which the conven- tion looked forward when framing the resolves and recommendations referred to had at last ar- rived. The battle of Lexington was fought, and the arbitrary acts of a hated parliament, located on the opposite side of the Atlantic, and more than three thousand miles away, were attempted to be enforced at the point of the bayonet.
In May, congress having resolved to raise an army, of which the Pennsylvania portion amounted to four thousand three hundred men, the assembly recommended to the commissioners of the several counties to provide arms and equipments for this force ; they also directed the officers of the military association to select a number of minute-men, equal to the number of arms which could be procured, who should hold themselves in readiness to march at the shortest notice to any quarter, in case of emergency. To assistin carrying into effect these measures, on the 30th of June, 1775, a committee of safety, con- sisting of prominent inhabitants of the city and county of Philadelphia, and the counties of Bucks, Chester, Lancaster, York, Cumberland, Northampton, Berks, Bedford, Northumberland, and Westmoreland, was appointed. Barnard Dougherty was chosen as a member of the com- mittee to represent Bedford county, but did not take his seat with that body until the middle of the following September. However, the com- mittee immediately organized by choosing Ben- jamin Franklin president, William Garrett clerk, and Michael Hillegass treasurer. At the same date-June 30, 1775-Bedford county was called upon to furnish immediately, as its in- habitants regarded the "freedom, welfare and safety of the country," one hundred good fire- locks, with bayonets, etc., " for the use of such officers and soldiers as shall be drafted from time to time."
The battle of Bunker Hill was fought on June 17, 1775, and within ten days after the news of the battle had reached the province of Pennsylvania, her first rifle battalion was ready to take the field. Col. William Thompson," of Carlisle, was placed in command, and of the eight companies composing the battalion, the
* Col. Thompson was born in Ireland and was a surveyor by profession. He served as a commissioned officer with Col. Arm- strong in the Kittanning expedition, and was captain of a troop of light horse in 1758. He assisted Smith and his "Black Boys" to capture Fort Bedford in 1769, and the previous year with John Fraser (both, at that time, being residents of Bedford) took part in the great Indian council at Fort Pitt. In 1774, he commanded
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HISTORY OF BEDFORD, SOMERSET AND FULTON COUNTIES.
one commanded by Capt. Robert Cluggage was formed of Bedford county men. Robert Magaw, of Carlisle, the first attorney admitted to prac- tice in the courts of Bedford county, also served as the first major of the battalion. Starting from Reading, the place of rendezvous, the com- mand marched at once toward Boston, by way of Easton, through northern New Jersey, cross- ing the Hudson river a few miles north of West Point, and joined Gen. Washington's forces in the trenches at Boston, on August 8, 1775. These were the first companies from south of the Hudson river to arrive in Massachusetts, and naturally excited much attention.
Thatcher, in his military journal, said of these men :
Several companies of riflemen, amounting, it is said, to more than fourteen hundred men, have arrived here from Pennsylvania and Maryland, a distance of from five hundred to seven hundred miles. They are remarkably stout and hardy men, many of them ex- ceeding six feet in hight. They are dressed in white frocks or rifle shirts, and round hats. These men are remarkable for the accuracy of their aim, striking a mark with great certainty at two hundred yards' distance. At a review a company of them (doubtless meaning Col. Cresap's company of Maryland frontiers- men, one-half of whom were recruited in that part of Pennsylvania lying west of the Alleghenies) while on a quick advance, fired their balls into objects of seven inches' diameter, at a distance of two hundred yards. They are now stationed on our out lines, and their shot have frequently proved fatal to British officers and soldiers who exposed themselves to view, even at more than double the distance of a common musket shot.
As a further matter of interest concerning the history of the First Pennsylvania Rifle Battalion, we insert the following, an extract from an article prepared by Hon. John B. Linn, deputy secretary of state, and published in the Philadelphia Weekly Times April 14, 1877 :
The Historical Society of Pennsylvania has in its temporary possession a very interesting relic of the revolution. It is the standard of the First Pennsyl- vania Rifle Battalion, Col. William Thompson, of Car- lisle, which was raised upon the reception of the news of the battle of Bunker Hill, and entered the trenches in front of Boston on the 8th of August, 1775. It was in all the skirmishes in front of Boston, and before the British evacuated that city it was ordered to New York to repel their landing there, Colonel Thompson was promoted brigadier on the 1st
a company of rangers in Westmoreland county. He was com- missioned colonel of the First Pennsylvania Rifle Battalion, June 25, 1775, and brigadier-general, March 1, 1776. Ordered to Canada in April, 1776, he was captured by the British at " Three Rivers," July 4, of that year. He was paroled and returned home in 1777, but was not regularly exchanged until October, 1780. He died at Carlisle, Pennsylvania, September 3, 1781, at the age of 45 years.
of March, 1776, and Lieut .- Col. Hand, of Lan- caster, succeeded him. The term of the battalion expired on the 30th of June, 1776, but officers and men in large numbers reënlisted for three years or during the war, under Col. Hand, and the battalion became the 1st regiment of the Conti- nental Line. It was at Long Island, White Plains, Trenton and Princeton, under Hand. On the 1st of April, 1777, Hand was promoted brigadier, and Lieut .- Col. James Chambers, of Chambersburg, became colonel. Under him the regiment fought at Brandywine, Germantown, Monmouth, and in every other battle and skirmish of the main army until he retired from the service, January 1, 1781.
Col. Chambers was succeeded by Col. Daniel Brodhead, and on the 26th of May, 1781, the 1st regi- ment left York, Pennsylvania, with five others, into which the line was consolidated, under the command of Gen. Wayne, joined Lafayette at Raccoon Ford on the Rappahannock on the 10th of June; fought at Green Springs on the 6th of July ; opened the second parallel at Yorktown, which Gen. Steuben, in his division orders of 21st of October, says " he considers as the most important part of the siege." After the surrender the regiment went south ward with Wayne, fought the last battle of the war at Sharon, Georgia, May 24, 1782; entered Savannah in triumph on the 11th of July, and Charleston on the 14th of Decem- ber, 1782; was in camp on James Island, South Carolina, on the 11th of May, 1783, and only when the news of the cessation of hostilities reached that point was it embarked for Philadelphia. In its ser- vices it traversed every one of the original thirteen states of the Union ; for while in front of Boston, October 30, 1775, Captain Parr was ordered with a detachment of this battalion up to Portsmouth, New Hampshire, to defend that point. I noticed this standard on exhibition at the Museum during the Centennial, but supposed it 'the banner with a strange device' of some revolutionary militia battalion. I identified it the other day at the rooms of the Historical Society from a description con- tained in a letter from Lieut .- Col. Hand to Jasper Yeates, in possession of Gen. Hand's granddaughter, Mrs. S. B. Rogers, of Lancaster. It is dated :
"Prospect Hill, 8 March, 1776. - I am stationed at Cobble Hill with four companies of our regiment. Two companies, Cluggage's and Chambers', were or- dered to Dorchester on Monday ; Ross' and Lowdon's relieved them yesterday. Every regiment is to have a standard and colors.' Our standard is to be a deep green ground, the device a tiger partly enclosed by toils, attempting the pass defended by a hunter armed with a spear, in white on crimson field; the motto, Domari Nolo."
ROLL OF CAPT. ROBERT OLUGGAGE'S COMPANY, FALL OF 1776.
Captain : Robert Cluggage.
First Lieutenant : John Holliday , commissioned June 25, 1775. Second Lieutenant : Robert Mckenzie, died Feb, 12, 1776; Ben- jamin Burd, from third lieutenant.
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THE REVOLUTIONARY PERIOD.
Third lieutenant : Benjamin Burd, Oct., 1775, promoted sec- ond lieutenant.
Sergeants: James Holliday; Daniel Stoy, dis. at Long Island, July 1, 17.6; resided in Somerset county, Pa., in 1818; Querinus Meriner, David Wright.
Corporala: Acquilla White, William Lee, Joseph Mckenzie, Angus McDonald.
Drummer: Timothy Sullivan.
Privates: Adam Anderson, resided in Westmoreland county in 1818; Philip Beechey, John Bowman; Thaddeus Broughdon, dis. Feb. 10, 1776; Thomas Brown, George Bruner, John Campbell, Thomas Casek, Stephen Cessna, Patrick Clark, Philip Conner, James Corrowan; Joshua Craig, resided in Cumberland county in 1830; John Crips, Alexander Crugren, Thomas Cunningham, James Curran; John Davis, afterward adjutant Flying Camp; Cornelius Dilling; William Donelin, re-enlisted Ist Pa. : Matthew Dougherty, Laurence Dowling, Daniel Francks, George Freeman, Amariah Garrett, Daniel Gemberland, Reuben Gillespy, Richard Hardister, Conrad Hanning ; Francis Jamison, re-enlisted 1st Pa .; Andrew Johnston, enlisted June 26, 1775; promoted lieutenant 1st Pa. ; Matthias Judy; John Kelly,-"Sept. 14, 1776, John Kelly, one of Capt. Clug- gage's men, shot one of Capt. Chambers' men through the head for stabbing him."-Wright's Journal; Peter King, James Knight, William Laird, Charles Lenning, Robert Leonard; John Lesley, re-enlisted in 11th Pa .; Henry McCartney, dis. at Long Island, July, 1776, weaver, resided in Lycoming county in 1820; Daniel McClain, re-enlisted 1st Pa .; John McCune, John McDonald, Pat- rick McDonald, Thomas McFarlane, Thomas Magee, Daniel Mangaw, Michael Miller, Robert Piatt, John Pitts, Samuel Plumb, Martin Reynolds, Daniel Rhoads; Philip Ritchie, re-enlisted 1st Pa .; Thomas Shehan, Francis Shires; Alexander Simonton, re- enlisted 1st Pa .; Emanuel Smith, Henry Smith ; Daniel Stoy, pro- moted sergeant ; John Stuart, Jonathan Taylor, James Turmoil, Andrew Tweed, James Vanzandt ; Daniel Vanderslice, re-enlisted Ist Pa. ; Thomas Vaughn, re-enlisted Ist Pa. : Samuel Wallace, re-enlisted 1st Pa .; Solomon Walker, James Warford, Thomas Ward, Alexander Wilson; George Whitman, enlisted June, 1775, re-enlisted in 1st Pa. ; Samuel Woodward.
Again turning our attention to matters occur- ring, meanwhile, in and about Bedford county, we learn from the Pennsylvania archives that on February 9, 1776, Col. David Espy, clerk for the county commissioners, in a letter addressed to the committee of safety,.said :
We bave but one Gunsmith in the County, who has engaged to make twenty-five Firelocks, and has been employed for these three or four months past, but has not got any of them compleated; yet we are in hopes he will soon have the twenty-five finished. He has been very industrious to procure Assistants or Journeymen, in order to undertake the whole, but cannot obtain any ; and we also have endeavoured to employ others in the adjacent Counties, but are in- formed they are already engaged. We have provided Leather, and have employed a Saddler to make the Cartridge Boxes, agreeable to the Pattern sent us, and will take every necessary step in our Power, in order to have the whole completed.
In response to a circular issued by prominent men of the province, on June 18, 1776, depu- ties from the city of Philadelphia and the various counties met at Carpenter's Hall, Phila- delphia, to adopt such a form of government "as shall, in the opinion of the representatives
of the people, best conduce to the happiness and safety of their constituents in particular, and America in general." Those who repre- sented Bedford county at this conference were Col. David Espy, Samuel Davidson, Esq., and Col. John Piper. The conference at once unani- mously resolved, "That the present govern- ment of this province is not competent to the exigencies of our affairs, and that it is neces- sary that a provincial convention be called by this conference for the express purpose of forming a new government in this province on the authority of the people only." Such a government was soon after formed, and thus ended forever the proprietary and royal au- thority in Pennsylvania.
In the summer of 1776 the necessities of the continental service caused the council of safety to place the state battalions of Cols. Daniel Brodhead, Samuel Miles and Samuel J. Atlee at the disposal of congress. They were marched to Long Island, where, with the continental regiments of the Pennsylvania Line, namely, Cols. Shee's, Magaw's and Cadwallader's, they were engaged in battle on August 27, which resulted in the defeat of the American forces and the evacuation of Long Island. The Penn- sylvania troops sustained serious loss. Besides the many officers and men killed and wounded, Col. Miles and Lieut .- Col. James Piper, of the Ist riflemen, and Col. Atlee, of the 3d, with other officers, were taken prisoners. Regarding the battle of Long Island, Col. Brodhead, in a letter addressed to a friend, wrote as follows :
CAMP NEAR KING'S BRIDGE, 5th Sep'r 1776.
DEAR SIR: I doubt not the Hon'ble the Convention of the State of Penn'a is anxious to know the state of the Provincial Troops since the Battle on Long Island, and as I have now all the information to be expected concerning it for the present, will give them every circumstance that occurs to me. On the 26th of last month, Gen'ls Putnam, Sullivan and others came to our camp which was to the left of all the other posts, and proceeded to reconnoitre the enemie's lines to the right, when from the movements of the enemy they might plainly discover they were advancing towards Jamaica, and extending their lines to the left so as to march round us, for our lines to the left were, for want of Videttes, left open for at least four miles, where we constantly scouted by Day, which besides mounting a Guard of one hundred men & an advance party of subaltern and thirty to the left of us, was hard Duty for one Reg't; during the night of the 26th we were alarmed three Different times and stood to our Arms. As soon as it was light, Col. Miles, from
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HISTORY OF BEDFORD, SOMERSET AND FULTON COUNTIES.
the right of our first Batt", sent me orders to follow him with the second, to the left of our lines; when I had marched about half a mile, I was ordered to the right about, to join Col. Willis' reg't of New England troops, but by the time I returned to the camp, Maj. Williams, on horseback, overtook me with orders from Col. Miles, to march Oliquely & join him, but could not say where I might find him; I Observed the orders and directed a Subaltern from the front of the Batt (which was marching in Indian file) with a small party to the left of the Batt", and desired Maj. Patton to send a Subaltern & small party from the rear to the right of the front of the Battalion, which he mistook and took the one-half of the Batt" to the right, about two hundred yards, which immediately threw the half the Batt" so far to the rear as to render it very difficult to join without sustaining great loss, for presently after we left our camp we dis- covered the Enemie's horse & foot to the number of four or five thousand in our front, and as we could discover nothing of the first Batt" [meaning Miles' command, of which James Piper was lieutenant-colo- nel] the Enemy being vastly superior to us in Num- ber, I immediately ordered the Batt" to gain a Wood to the left and there formed, but seeing a Number of Artillerymen dragging a brass field piece & Howit through a clear field in order to gain a wood a little to the left of our Front, and knowing the Enemy were also in our rear, I ordered that part of the Batt" which was with me, to proceed to the second wood, & cover the Artillery and make a stand, but the New England Reg't aforemen- tioned coming up with us, and running thro' our files broke them, and in the confusion many of our men run with them. I did all in my power to rally the musquetry & Riflemen, but to no purpose, so that when we came to engage the Enemy, I had not fifty men, notwithstanding which, we after about three Rounds caused the Enemy to retire, and as the Enemy's main body was then nearly between us and the lines, I retreated to the lines, having lost out of the whole Battalion, about one hundred men, officers included, which as they were much scattered must be chiefly prisoners; during this time, four or five Reg'ts, among which were our musquetry & flyngi Camp, Delaware & Maryland Reg'ts, and some of our Riflemen who had joined them, were engaged to the left of us and right of the Lines. I had no sooner got into the Lines than the Enemy advanced up to them and kept up a brisk fire on us, but only one man was Killed in the Lines ; as soon as we returned the fire with our rifles and Musquetry, they retreated, and if we had been provided with a field piece or two, of which we had a sufficient number elsewhere, we might have killed the greater part of their advance party ; as soon as the Enemy were beaten from the Lines, I was ordered to a point about a mile and a half to the right, to cover the retreat of the Delaware Battalion and the other Troops that might come over the Constant fire of the Enemie's field pieces and Howits; here I remained 'till almost night before I
was relieved, notwithstanding the Generals there had been a number of Reg'ts who were not engaged, and had little or no fatigue.
Upon the whole, less Generalship never was shown in any Army since the Art of War was under- stood, except in the retreat from Long Island, which was well conducted. No troops could behave better than the Southern, for though they seldom engaged less than five to one, they frequently repulsed the Enemy with great Slaughter, and I am confident that the number Killed and wounded on their side, is greater than on ours, notwithstanding we had to fight them front & rear under every disadvantage. I un- derstand that Gen. Sullivan has taken the Liberty to charge our brave and good Col. Miles, with the ill success of the Day, but give me leave to say, that if Gen. Sullivan & the rest of the Gen'ls on Long Island, had been as Vigilant & prudent as him, we might, & in all probability would have cut off Clinton's Brigade; our officers & men in general, considering the confusion, behaved as well as men could do-a very few behaved ill, of which, when I am informed, will write you. Our men are getting very sickly for want of Blankets and Clothing (having thrown away those they had in the engagement), which I fear they can't be furn'sht with here. Gen'l Washington has ordered our three broken Battalions to be considered as a regiment under my command until further Orders, but as the Assembly and Com- mittee of Safety by them appointed are now dissolved I should be glad to know from your Hon'ble House, whether we are considered as Volunteers in this part of the Continent, or as Troops of the State of Pens'a, subject to the order of Convention, and whether our Rank is to be settled upon a more respectable footing than at present, for as it now stands, a Lieut .- Col. commissioned by Congress as of yesterday, takes rank of me today. I should also be glad to know whether promotions will take place and the Reg'ts filled by Drafts, or recruits, also in respect of the exchange of Prisoners, for we apprehend that Conti- nental Troops will always be exchanged before us. Col. Miles & Col. Piper are prisoners, and I hear are well treated, poor Atlee I can hear nothing of. Col. Perry died like a Hero. No allowance has as yet been made for the Lieutenant Coll's and Majors Table Expenses, in case of separate commands. I hope we shall be put upon as respectable a footing on that acc't as the Maryland officers are, our present pay being not more than half sufficient to support us according to our Rank in this Tory Country.
I am Dear Sir, in great Haste, your Most H'ble Serv't, DANIEL BRODHEAD. P. S. - The Great Gen'l Putnam could not, tho' re- quested, send out one Reg't to cover our retreat.
ROLL OF CAPT. RICHARD BROWN'S COMPANY.
Captains: Richard Brown, appointed from Bedford county, March 19, 1776; taken prisoner Aug. 27, 1776; James Francis Moore, from first lieutenant, Oct. 25, 1776.
First Lieutenant: James F. Moore, appointed from Bedford county, March 19, 1776; joined the company Aug. 9, 1776 : pro- moted captain Oct. 25, 1776.
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Second Lieutenants: James Barnet, resigned July 23, 1776; Thomas Boyd, from third lieutenant of Capt. Shade's company, Aug. 9, 1776; taken at Fort Washington; resided in Indiana county, Pa., in 1817.
Third Lieutenant: James Holmes, commissioned April 15, 1776 ; resigned Dec. 31, 1776.
Sergeants : Henry Steits; James Anderson, missing since Aug. 27, 1776, paroled December, 1776, resided In Bedford county in 1813 ; Patrick Fitzgerald, Samuel Evans, Thomas Johnston, Jacob Hímh.
Drummer: William Lever, missing since Aug. 27, 1776. Fifer : Conrad Ludwick.
Privates : Ephraim Allen, Richard Allen, Henry Armstrong; Hugh Barkley, missing since Aug. 27, 1776; Hezekiah Biddle, miming since Aug. 27, 1776; George Biddleson, Thomas Bradley; William Bradley, missing since Aug. 27, 1776; Solomon Brown; Peter Carmichael, missing since Aug. 27, 1776; James Clark, George Clements, John Conrey, Michael Cowin; Samuel Crossan, missing since Aug. 27, 1776; James Dailey, Jeremiah Dawson; Peter Develin, missing since Ang. 27, 1776; Johu Dougherty ; Timothy Dreiskel, missing since Aug. 27, 1776 ; Alexander Duke, James Evans ; Samuel Evans, promoted sergeant; William Fitz- gerald, dis. Oct. 18, 1776 ; Adam Growas, missing since Aug. 27, 1776; John Hagerty, John Harris ; Jacob Hirsh, promoted ser- geant; Alexander Henderson, Hugh Henry; Alexander Holmes, missing since Aug. 27, 1776; Robert Huston, missing since Aug. 27, 1776; Thomas Johnston, promoted sergeant; Joshua Jones, James Kelly; James Lever, killed at Staten Island July 26, 1776 ; Conrad Ludwick, Daniel Maguire; John Mallon, wounded by ac- cident Aug. 12, 1776; Solomon Marshall, Daniel McIntire; John McGregor, missing since -? 27, 1776 ; Michael McKittrick ; Christy McMichael, missing since Aug. 27, 1776; John Mier, Aug. 4, 1776; William Moore, missing since Aug. 27, 1776; George Morris; Jonathan Nesbit, missing since Aug. 27, 1776; Tobias Penrod, Job Riley; Richard Roberts, missing since Aug. 27, 1776; Jacob Rush, Miles Ryan; Nathaniel Scott, missing since Aug. 27, 1776 ; Samuel Skinner, Philip Shaver ; John Smith, Jr., dis. Sept. 1, 1776; John Smith, 8r .; Degory 8parks, missing since the battle, Aug. 27, 1776; Isaac Sparsell, Thomas Stanton; James Steed, dis. July 11, 1776; returned Aug. 23, 1776 ; reenlisted at Hancock, Md., in the 18th Pa .; Thomas Stockton; Robert Stokes, missing since the battle, Aug. 27, 1776'; Richard Tull, Isaac Vanasdale, Albert Vorris, Mark Welsh.
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