USA > Pennsylvania > Bedford County > History of Bedford, Somerset, Fulton counties Pennsylvania > Part 48
USA > Pennsylvania > Fulton County > History of Bedford, Somerset, Fulton counties Pennsylvania > Part 48
USA > Pennsylvania > Somerset County > History of Bedford, Somerset, Fulton counties Pennsylvania > Part 48
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STATISTICS.
Gubernatorial Votes.
Since and including the year 1841, the votes polled in the county of Bedford, for candidates for the office of governor of the commonwealth, have been as follows :
1841. David R. Porter 2,550
John Banks 2,261
1844. Joseph Markle 3,045
Francis R. Shunk 2,884
1847. Francis R. Shunk 2,458
James Irvine 2,205
1848. Morris Longstreth 2,739
William F. Johnston 2,613
1851. William F. Johnston 2,239
William Bigler 2,202
1854. James Pollock 2,157 William Bigler 2,019
1857. William F. Packer
2,338
David Wilmot 1,568 Isaac Hazlehurst. 398
1860. Henry D. Foster. 2,561
Andrew G. Curtin 2,464
1863. George W. Woodward 2,704
Andrew G. Curtin 2,430
1866. Heister Clymer 2,835
John W. Geary 2,591
1869. Asa Packer. 2,832
John W. Geary 2,485
1872. Charles R. Buckalew 2,977
John F. Hartranft
2,973
1875. Cyrus L. Pershing
3,099
John F. Hartranft 2,906
Robert A. Browne 27
1878. Henry M. Hoyt. 3,014
A. H. Dill
3,347
R. S. Mason
202
H. S. Lance. 7
1882. Robert E. Pattison 3,406
James A. Beaver
3,021
John Stewart. 192
Thomas A. Armstrong
72
A. C. Pettit
3
POPULATION.
By the erection of Fulton county, in 1850, Bedford was reduced to its present proportions, and its inhabitants to 23,052 in number. During the three succeeding decades the population of the county has been enumerated by townships and boroughs, as follows :
TOWNSHIPS AND BOROUGHS.
1860.
1870.
1880.
Bedford borough.
1,328
1,247
2,011
Bedford township.
2,105
2,333
2,685
Broad Top township.
6:21
1,626
1.446
Bloomfield township.
...
1,357
1.270
Colerain township
1,235
1,204
1.022
Coaldale borough
262
258
Everett borough
557
1.247
East Providence township.
1,218
1,274
1,503
East St. Clair township.
716
783
978
Hopewell township
1,011
1,078
1,404
Hyndman borough
1,390
1,437
1,437
King township.
963
1,255
1,233
Liberty township.
791
806
914
Monroe township
1,396
1,719
1,911
Mann township
1,680
1,825
2,011
Pleasantville borough
227
Rainsburg borough
250
280
Schellsburg borough.
394
342
859
Snake Spring township
696
631
716
Southampton township.
1,591
1,647
1,206
St. Clairsville borough.
144
144
Saxton borough.
$18
369
South Woodberry township
1,439
1,630
Union township
1,704
1,791
956
West Providence township
1,106
970
1,179
West St. Clair township
....
951
Woodberry borough
294
281
Woodberry township
1,900
1,483
999
Bloomfield formed part of Middle Woodberry township until 1876. East and West St. Clair townships formed St. Clair until 1,875, and to- gether contained 2,173 inhabitants in 1860, and 2,219 in 1870. King township was part of Union until 1876. Mann township was erected from Southampton in 1876. Middle Woodberry (now known as Woodberry township) and South Woodberry townships and Woodberry borough were enumerated together in 1860, and contained 1,900 inhabitants.
Digitized by
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863
Cumberland Valley township
1,336
...
1.114
Harrison township.
323
Juniata township
1,168
Londonderry township
894
Napier township
TRIENNIAL TABULAR STATEMENT,
Showing the amount of property taxable for state and county purposes, etc., etc., as returned by the different assessors of Bedford county for the year 1883.
SEATED LANDS.
UNSEATED LANDS.
TOWN OUTLOTS.
OVER THE AGE OF FOUR YEARS.
Horses, mares, geldings and mules.
Value.
Cattle.
Value.
Offices, professions, trades and occupations.
Value of all household furniture exceeding
owned by any person or persons, corpora-
Pleasure carriages, both of two and four
Aggregate value of all property taxable for
Debts due from solvent debtors on mortgage,
cles of agreement and accounts bearing
interest, except notes or bills for work and labor done and bank notes.
Value of all money loaned or invested on
Gold lever or other gold watches of equal
Every other description of gold watches, sil-
ver lever or other watches of equal value.
Every other description of watches of the value of $20 and upward.
All stages, omnibuses, hacks, cals and other ve-
Value.
Bedford borough
654
755
27,526
$508,795
11,046
$34,709
144
23,559
567,063
368
18,681
387
7,265
18,205
331
11
570
614,384
Broad Top .
357
24,437
272,895
7,669
14,910
80
25,830
313,635
133
7,545
136
1,504
21,050
200
7
315
344,249
Bloomfield.
238
6,906
311,304
4,778
47,519
6,700
365,523
157
8,810
3,500
7,990
63
2,189
387,312
14,710
$250
Cumberland Valley 330
20,374
210,450
15,907
11,755
7,525
229,730
213
10,400
302
4,530
6,625
155
38
1,410
252,695
Colerain ..
261
14,382
315,324
7,997
33,566
2,623
351,513
226
13,162
265
5,850
5,365
105
64
2,482
378,372
8,010
1
4
175
Everett borough.
400
85
33,110
22
1,100
320
195,895
230,105
71
3,775
49
650
20,825
6,680
14
800
262,835
40,000
13
9
300
Harrison.
252
17,159
148,595
4,235
6,925
88
31,998
187,508
189
8,785
215
4,300
8,825
130
200
44
1,360
210,978
1,400
5
80
Hopewell
9,522
207,101
9,587
44,736
5
2,198
254,035 170
5,783
247
2,967
9,060
145
575
272,420
3,000
Hyndman
98
10
1,000
218
45,602
46,603
200
231
5,880
65
1
60
52,974
400
Juniata .
340
27.266
259,911
455
2,260
22
6,675
258,846
310
17,829
371
231
110
2,635
3,532
9,375
185
14
495
189,481
2,759
4,400
4
Mann ..
202
18,675
37,077
1,703
2,154
39,231
137
5,345
133
1,693
3,605
86
11,245
246
300
37
1,893
281,804
4,550
505
30,975
370,044
824
1,855
26
4,489
376,388
394
18,720
431
8,710
14,760
174
99
3,630
422,208
13,750
72
8
5,150
2
80
73
21,925
27,155
4
195
23
500
2,675
11
153
32
1,205
217,304
4,690
3
323
21,510
199,888
4,453
15,822
41
222,270
227
11,540
241
3,751
7,225
110
24
2,611
247,397
2,519
Pleasantville
63
24 35
3,162
19,045
56
3,282
84
56,871
79,198
2,941
43
948
7,875
40
44
2,032
3,100
200
6
Snake Spring.
172
8,812
204,334
5,546
30,351
12
2,100
236,785
162
9,369
149
2,720
2,085
80
14
510
154,695
5,460
2
St. Clair, East
341
17,856
200,427
1,196
3,587
1,466
3,260
38
6,910
43
13,625
180
22
81
20
5,583
434,151
244
13,990
279
6,595
6,130
113
95
3,340
464,206
20,205
Woodberry, South ..
412
12,670
514,475
5,658
29,461
95
53,635
597,567
311
14,714
363
6,178
4,320
224
132
4,266
627,045
10,170
1
:
1
100
231
COUNTY AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY-STATISTICS.
Digitized by
..
257
16,301
92,697
7,566
14,829
2,850
110,376
185
7,566
194
3,091
5,125
84
18
850
127,008
5,101
Woodberry borough
90
55
9,405
878
4,521
55,860
68,265
26
1.265
28
588
7,575
39
26
1,030
75,723
4,800
..
Woodberry township ... 286
36,486
134,335
1,459
800
....
..
37
6,720
210,734
258
13,880
242
4,807
6,925
94
58
1,510
237,856
7,750
St. Clair, West.
280
15,700
St. Clairsville.
43
25
1,500
5,087
11,623
46
11,615
236,528
403
23,530
433
8,308
9,640
134
60
3,130
278,076
2,950
Liberty
388
19,465
140,693
13,789
13,281
91
12,130
166,104
171
9,975
235
14
305
3,200
17
9
410
44,360
3,272
Rainsburg .....
70
69
35,289
38,451
23
1,335
28
549
6,050
30
100
22
784
47,169
3,671
Schellsburg borough
119
326
223,740
3,752
8,627
42
12,265
245,032
207
15,910
4,364
7,205
164
62 2,110
293,104
3,060
King ..
294
7,399
179,813
8,554 . 21,760
123
25,085
226,658
108
1,195
4
60
5,900
38
1
75
31,626
350
Coaldale ..
85
Number of acres.
Value, including all improvements.
Number of acres.
Value.
Number of lots.
Value.
613
$547,115
$547,115
109
$7,600
81
$1,833
105,000
282
55
$3,805
$678,953
$75,800 13,500
51
13
9 36 $3,235
Bedford township
Liable to military duty.
$300, including gold and silver plate.
tion or corporations.
wheels.
Value.
county purposes.
interest in any other state.
value.
...
..
17
160
24,396
24,396
13
....
....
49,874
3,000
Monroe
456
45,346
213,290
185,327
2,163
2,394
187,724
282
15,743
266
....
6,560
65
39,355
24
1,190
48
135,135
250
11,030
261
3,725
3,825
5,900
90
49
2,885
207,880
2,850
5,450
Saxton.
119
5
270
79,321
6,750
1
65,388
65,388
10
455
20
298 12,710
58
200
19
975
250,959
9,800
Southampton.
314
Providence, East
385
25,502
4,481
8,750
4,295
104
2,690
18
316
781
13
13
15,125
197
184,190
11,030
239
12,385
119
8
290
249,508
2,780
6
Londonderry
Napier.
New Paris 8 ..
30,525
1,007
..
Providence, West.
11,300
27,955
23
25
Value of all real estate.
FOR STATE AND COUNTY.
FOR STATE PURPOSES ALONE.
DISTRICTS.
Number of taxables.
...
111
315
16
7,114
316
17,045
388
22
219
177
..
hicles used for transporting passengers for hire.
1
174,020
19,887
Union ..
:
12,388
424,047
92,994
2
5
7,540
$13,600 2,600
bond or judgment note, etc., and all arti-
232
HISTORY OF BEDFORD COUNTY.
CHAPTER XXII. PUBLIC SCHOOLS .*
The Schools of Pioneer Days - Traveling Schoolmasters - The First Rude Schoolhouses - Description of Houses and Furni- ture - The Custom of "Barring Out "- Only Three Studies Pursued - The School Law of 1834 - Opposition to Free Schools - Progress - Early Schools in Each of the Townships of the County - Names of Early Teachers - Prominent Di- rectors and Teachers under the Present System - Borough Schools - Statistics.
F SULLY a quarter of a century elapsed after the formation of Bedford county before many of the citizens began to make provision for the education of their children. But after the dark days of the Revolution had ended and the settlers had in some measure recovered from the hard times which succeeded, earnest and thoughtful men began to exert themselves in behalf of the rising generation. Here and there schools were organized, generally during the winter months, and placed in charge of the best- informed man whose services could be obtained. Cabins which had been deserted by their former occupants were converted into schoolhouses. The teacher received a stipulated amount per term from each scholar. Not unfrequently schools were organized by peripatetic school- masters, who tramped from place to place, teach- ing a term in any neighborhood where a sub- scription sufficient to pay their very moderate wages could be secured. Some of these traveling teachers were fine scholars ; others were broken-down. soldiers and sailors, densely igno- rant, and of intemperate habits. Only reading, writing and arithmetic were taught in the early schools.
Few, if any, schoolhouses were erected before 1800. The first buildings were of unhewn logs, with clapboard roofs, huge stone chimneys and large fireplaces. Greased paper served as window-lights ; the seats were either of slabs or "puncheons"; the writing desk, at one side of the room, was formed of a slab fastened to the wall by wooden pins.
The age of the scholars ranged from six to thirty years. Discipline was maintained with difficulty, and the rod was not unduly spared. Unless he was at all times master of the situ- ation, the teacher commanded no respect. " Barring out " was universally practiced at the time of the Christmas holidays. The process
consisted in keeping the teacher out of the schoolroom until he was forced to agree to pro- vide a treat of apples or cider and cakes for his pupils.
All schools were conducted on the tuition plan until 1834. In that year a state law was passed for the establishment of free schools, the adoption or rejection of the system to be de- cided by vote in each election district. In many townships the law was severely denounced, and several years elapsed before its provisions were carried into effect.
The first established school in Bedford bor- ough was the Bedford Academy, incorporated by act of the legislature March 20, 1810. Jonathan Walker, Rev. Alexander Boyd, Jacob Bonnett, John Moore, John Anderson, Josiah Espey, George Funk and Joseph S. Morrison. The school received two thousand dollars from the state, one-half to be applied in erecting build- ings and purchasing apparatus, and the remainder to be held as a permanent fund, the income of which should be devoted to the education of poor children. Rev. James Wilson, a fine Eng- lish and classical scholar, was the first principal. The school became widely celebrated, and attracted pupils from several neighboring coun- ties, and from Maryland. Rev. Jeremiah Chamberlain, afterward president of Oakland College, Mississippi, was the next principal. He was succeeded by Rev. Alexander Boyd, Mr. Om- rod and Mr. Kinmont. The latter was the last classical teacher who had charge of the institu- tion. Samuel Brown, a popular teacher, next taught a grammar school for several years. In 1835 the academy was sold by the sheriff to Samuel Brown. The institution then became of a private character and so continued until it closed.
Dr. William Watson, Dr. John Anderson, James M. Russell, Hon. Jonathan Walker, Samuel Riddle and George Burd were active friends of education in the early history of the borough. About 1835 Rev. B. B. Hall opened a classical school, with a military department. He taught four or five years and was highly esteemed. During his terin the public school system was adopted. Charles McDowell, James M. Russell, David Mann, D. Washabaugh, John G. Martin and William Woodcock were the first directors elected. Thomas J. Harris was one of the prominent teachers under the present system and among the first to introduce a thor-
* For most of the information contained in this chapter, the editor is indebted to an article, by Prof. J. W. Hughes, on the schools of Bedford county, in the report of the state superinten- dent for the year 1877.
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PUBLIC SCHOOLS.
ough classification. Thomas Jordan, George Hall and Rev. John Lyon taught select schools at different times. Bedford has always evinced a lively interest in schools. The public school building of the town is the finest in the county, and is surrounded by beautiful grounds.
In Bedford township Samuel Clendenin, John Montgomery, A. J. Howlett, John Bartell, John R. Reed, Anthony Sloan, Thomas Allison and John R. Anderson were the principal teachers prior to 1834. The free school system was adopted at the first election held for that pur- pose. John Bridaham, John Amos, Daniel Sill, Daniel Wisegarver, Jacob Ripley, John S. Ritchey, Isaac Imler, Michael Holderbaum and Adam Koons were prominent school directors. Active teachers : Isaac Reighard, David Hyde, William White, Henry Whitaker, John A. Miner, J. W. Lingenfelter, David Shoemaker, Samuel and Daniel Diehl, Hall Hughes and John Williams. New schoolhouses began to be erected about 1859. Uniformity of text- books and general classification were adopted in 1854 and 1856.
In Broad Top township John Griffith early taught in a log house. He was succeeded by James Frazier, a severe disciplinarian, who had forty rules for governing the school. For vio- lating the first rule the penalty was one lash ; the second, two; and the last, forty lashes. Samuel Krieger, who required all pupils to study aloud, was the first teacher in a new schoolhouse erected in 1829. Joseph Evans was for many years the leader among the friends of education in the township. Free schools were adoptedin 1835, the township being then included in Hopewell. Sixteen dollars per month were the first teacher's wages. First directors of Broad Top (1838) : Joseph Evans, Thomas Speer, George B. Kay, George F. Steel, David Cypher and James Lane. Classification and uniformity of text-books were introduced about 1858. The township now pays high wages and has superior schools. Among the successful teachers have been Jacob Deavor, .James Dunlap, James Richardson, John and David Hamilton, Ben- jamin Osborn, William Figard, Aaron, Levi, Jonathan and Lemuel Evans.
After 1818 schools were kept open regularly each winter in Colerain township. Early teach- ers : James Dugan, George Riley, George Caldwell, William French, James C. Newman and Jesse Ash. Free schools were adopted in
1836 and log schoolhouses were at once built. Peter Morgart, William Metz, Philip Shoe- maker, Frederick Smith, Adam Exline and William Shaner were the first directors. James M. Alexander, Alexander Henry, Asa Williams, John C. Morgart, William and George Cald- well and Samuel Wilkey were the first teachers under the new system. George H. Tower was afterward a very successful and popular teacher, and his influence for good was very great. A general interest in educational mat- ters has been manifested by the citizens.
The leading teachers in Cumberland Valley prior to the adoption of the free school system in 1838 were Michael Boor, Joseph E. Cotter, George McCoy, Adam Easter, John C. Vickroy, Thomas Cheney, Henry Bruner, Richard Har- wood and E. M. Swift. First board of directors (1838) : Michael Boor, John Blair, George Bortz, George Elder, Campbell Hendrickson and William Boor. First teachers : Samuel Barrick ; James Rawlins, Charles Mclaughlin, John and Frederick Simons, John Blair, Josiah Bruner, J. B. B. Cessna, Daniel Defibaugh and Anthony Smith. All were log schoolhouses until 1865.
John Padan taught a school in Everett in 1814. William Girard succeeded him, charging three cents per day for tuition. Joseph Brown, Logan and Abraham were the next teachers. The first schoolhouse was erected about 1837. It was used for twenty years, after which the Method- ist Episcopal church served as a schoolhouse until the present school-building took its place in 1866. The schoolhouse is of brick, two stories, surrounded by five acres of ground. First directors of the borough (1860) : J. B. Williams, John C. Black, P. G. Morgart, William Masters and John A. Gump. The first teacher was J. C. Clarkson, succeeded by J. C. Long. The school is in a good condition.
At the time of the organization of Harrison township in 1842 six schoolhouses were included within it. The early friends of education, most of whom were afterward school directors, were John Metzger, John McVicker, John E. Miller, George Elder, L. A. Fyan, Frederick Turner, B. V. Wertz, George Mullin, John B. Hardman and G. S. Mullin. Early teachers : Abraham Miller, Peter F. Lehman, Nathan Bullock, James H. Caton, James Dugan and William Ketring. Principal teachers from 1845 to 1860: Jacob Miller, Banner Wertz, Josiah Border, B. H. Will- iams, M. C. Miller, James and John Rawlins.
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HISTORY OF BEDFORD COUNTY.
Thomas Nixon taught the first school in Hope- well township in 1790. Thomas Fannagan was the next teacher. In 1810 Nicholas Bollman, a fine penman, began to teach and continued for ten years. Grammar was first taught by Rich- ard Harwood in 1827. George Moreland and Dr. Otho Selby were among the teachers of that day. Dr. Selby was among the best teachers of the day. The present school system was adopted at the first election held for the purpose. First directors : John and William Piper, James Lane, George B. Kay, George Rhodes and Jacob Fluke. The teachers were Richard Harwood, Henry S. Fluke, Simon Cameron and John Miller. Miller taught several years, adopted general classifi- cation and held a successful normal school. Asa Williams and Rev. John G. Howell also taught successfully. Stoves were first used in school- houses in Hopewell township in 1820.
First directors of Juniata township (1853) : Leonard Bittner, Michael and P. R. Hillegass, Solomon Leitig, Nathan Hurley and John Gil- lespie. First teachers : P. T. Lehman, Caspar Stroub, James Dull, Lewis Beltz, John Palmer, D. M. Wonders and Miss Younkin. Wages were twelve dollars per month. Houses were poor, without desks, in 1854. Desks and black boards were put in in 1856.
The early history of the schools of Liberty township is included in Hopewell. Daniel Cypher, David Stoler and Samuel Shoupp were earnest friends of the schools. Successful teachers : Jonathan and Lemuel Evans, Richard Harwood, David Shreve, Samuel Moore, I. K. Little and Miss Moriah Brumbaugh. In 1848 wages were eleven dollars and twelve dollars per month ; term three months ; three schools ; whole tax, one hundred and forty-eight dollars. Schools are in good condition. Michael Porter taught a school at Cook's Mill, Lon- donderry township, in 1820. Benjamin L. Dodge, Edward J. Cotter and R. L. Jones taught at different times. There were then but two schools in the township. Free schools were strongly opposed and adopted by only a small majority. Cornelius Devore was a strong advo- cate of the system. James C. Devore was one of the first and most successful teachers. There has been great progress in educational matters of recent years.
The early history of the Monroe township schools is included in that of Providence and Southampton. Among the prominent directors
were the following: Jabez Hickson, M. Murray, James Marshall, J. Shaw, Philip Snider, Daniel Fletcher, Daniel Miller, Jacob Fletcher and Josiah Koons. Profitable select schools have been held. Some of the best teachers of the county have come from Monroe.
John Friend taught in Napier township in 1813. Joseph Potts and Lewis Writer were also early teachers. The first schoolhouse was built about 1825. Free schools adopted in 1834. Emanuel Statler, A. J. Snively, Jacob Adams, Mulford Treadwell, Joseph Mortimore and Will- iam Nycum were the first directors. Sixteen log houses were built and poorly furnished. Wages for several years were twelve dollars per month. Benjamin Kinsey, Isaac Philson, Jacob Miller, John W. Bowen, James Allison, Robert Miller, Henry Whitaker and G. S. Mullin were among the first teachers. Uniformity of text- books and general classification were secured about 1857.
Among the early teachers of Providence township (now East and West Providence) were Francis and John Wilkins, John Mc- Laughlin, "Master " Jaques, Edward Kerr, Peter Jamison and Solomon and Asa Williams. Schoolhouses poor, and but little classification until 1860. Steady progress since.
First directors of Pleasantville borough (1871) : Adam Ickes, A. J. Kegg, Isaac T. Bowen, Amos Harbaugh, Daniel Price and Joseph B. Smith. Further notice given in the history of the borough.
For history of the Allegheny . Male and Female Seminary, Rainsburg, see sketch of that town. First directors (1856) : Samuel Will- iams, John A. Gump, N. C. Evans, B. F. Gump, V. Freet and B. Sheely.
Saxton borough has a good schoolhouse and a prosperous school. Prominent school men "and directors have been E. A. Fackler, John Fulton, E. H. Turner, David Stoler, Dr. C. W. Moore, I. K. Little, E. J. Rauch and Messrs. Eichelberger. Teachers : W. S. Brenneman, W. F. Hughes, S. B. Stoler, J. O. Smith and others.
First directors of St. Clairsville borough (1867) : G. B. Amick, Rev. C. W. Heilman, Rev. J. Peters, Abraham Corle, Josiah Imler and John Beckley. Rev. C. W. Heilman, S. W. Keyser, J. G. Ake, Miss Ella Mclaughlin, and others, have been the teachers. (See sketch in borough history.)
Among the first directors of Snake Spring .
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F. C. REAMER, M. D.
DR. F. C. REAMER.
Dr. F. C. Reamer was born near Sideling Hill, in the present county of Fulton, Pennsylvania, in 1821. He studied medicine with Dr. Francis B. Barclay, of Bedford, Pennsylvania, and graduated from the University of Pennsyl- vania, Philadelphia, April 4, 1845. He began the practice of his profession at Hancock, Maryland. In the spring of 1849 or 1850, he located at Bedford, but a few months later removed to McConnellsburg, the then recently
established county-seat of the new county of Fulton. It seems that his anticipations were not realized there, however, for in the spring of 1854 he again returned to Bed- ford, where he resided until his death, which occurred April 28, 1870, at the age of forty-nine years. From September 16, 1862, to February 3, 1865, he served as surgeon, with the rank of major, of the 143d regt. Penn. Vols. His wife, formerly Miss Georgiana A., daughter of Abra- ham Kerns, of Bedford, died May 28, 1869.
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PUBLIC SCHOOLS.
township (1857) : Michael Lutz, Hon. J. G. Hartley, B. R. Ashcom, Henry Hershberger, M. C. Ritchey and William Turney. Among the principal teachers : Isaiah Rawlins, Maggie McCleery, H. F. Gump, Josiah Amos, W. W. Sparks, J. T. Jamison, Samuel Amos and O. G. McCoy.
St. Clair township (now East and West St. Clair) was formed in 1814. In 1820 there were four schoolhouses. Leading teachers from 1814 to 1836 : John Kemp, Mark C. Shepherd, James Smith, Levi Lamburn, Thomas and James Allison. Free schools had few friends, and the system was not adopted until 1846. John B. Potts, James and John Blackburn, Eli Miller, J. Gordon and Thomas McCoy were the first directors. Henry Whitaker, Aaron Frazier, Jennings Oldham, Robert and Martin Miller, Thomas Schooley, John Guyer, D. M. Wonders, Miss E. P. Blackburn, J. Porter, J. A. Living- ston, Adam Ickes and Austin Wright have been teachers since the free system was adopted. Old methods of teaching were abandoned in 1858-60.
In Southampton township David Howsare, David Sell, Simmons and Nicholas Cooper, Warman Johnson and Denton Stevens were the principal teachers prior to 1836, when the free schools were opened. In that year the town- ship contained three schoolhouses, two of which were also used for public worship. Thirteen log schoolhouses were then built. William Lashley, Joseph Barkman, William Robinson, John Pendergast, George Blankley and Henry Turney were the first directors. Strong oppo- sition to free schools was made, and in 1857 a board of directors which was chosen refused to serve, and there were no schools. This state of affairs continued until 1866, when, by action of the court, schools were re-opened. Good progress has since been made.
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