USA > Pennsylvania > Berks County > History of Berks county in Pennsylvania > Part 8
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Cistacec. Helianthemum. Canadense, Michx. (frost-weed). minor, Lam.
Hudsonia. ericoides, L. tomentosa, Nutt.
Droseracec.
Drosera.
rotundifolia, L.
filiformis, Raf.
Hypericacec. Hypericum. angulosum, Michx. Canadense, L. corymbosum, Muhl. mutilum, L. var. gymnanthum, Gr.
perforatum, L. Sarothra, Michx. (pine-weed).
Caryophyllacec. Saponaria. officinalis, L. (common soapwort.)
Silene. stellata, Ait. (starry campion).
Pennsylvanica, Michx. (wild pink).
Armeria, L. (sweet William catch-fly). antirrhina, L. (sleepy, catch-fly). noctiflora, L.
Lychnis. Githago, Lam. (common cockle). Arenaria.
serpyllifolia, L.
Stellaria. media, Smith (common chickweed). pubera, Michx. (great chickweed). longifolia, Muhl. uliginosa, Murr.
Cerastium. viscosum, L. nutans, Raf.
Sagina. procumbens, L.
Spergularia. rubra, Presl.
Spergula.
arvensis, L. (common spurrey).
Anychia.
dichotoma, Michx.
Scleranthus. annuus, L.
Mollugo.
verticillata, L. (carpet-weed).
Portulacacec.
Portulaca.
oleracea, L. (common purslane).
Claytonia.
Virginica, L.
Malvacec.
Malva.
rotundifolia, L. (common mallow).
sylvestris, L. (high mallow).
crispa, Gray (culled mallow).
moschata, L. (musk mallow).
Sida.
spinosa, L.
39
PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY.
Abutilon. Avicennæ, Gærtn. (velvet-leaf). Hibiscus. Trionum, L. (bladder ketmia). Syriacus, L. (shrubby althæa). Tiliacec. Tilia. Americana, L. (basswood). var. pubescens, Gray.
Linacec. Linum. Virginianum, L.
Geraniacec. Geranium. maculatum, L. (wild cranesbill). columbinum, L. pusillum, L. Robertianam, L. (herb Robert).
Impatiens. pallida, Nutt. (pale touch-me-not). fulva, Nutt. (spotted touch-me-not). Oxalis.
Acetosella, L. (common wood-sorrel). violacea, L. (violet wood-sorrel). stricta, L. (yellow wood-sorrel).
Rutaceæ.
Zanthoxylum. Americanum, Mill. (northern prickly ash).
Ruta. graveolens, L. Anacardiacec. Rhus. typhina, L. (staghorn sumach). glabra, L. (smooth sumach). copallina, L. (dwarf sumach). venenata, DC. (dogwood). Toxicodendron, L. (poison ivy).
Vitacec. Vitis. Labrusca, L. (northern fox-grape). æstivalis, Michx. (summer grape). cordifolia, Michx. (frost grape). Ampelopsis. quinquefolia, Michx.
Rhamnacec. Ceanothus. Americanus, L. (New Jersey tea).
Celastracec. Celastrus. scandens, L. (climbing bitter-sweet). Euonymus. atropurpureus, Jacq. (burning-bush). Sapindacec. Staphylea. trifolia, L. (American bladder nut). Cardiospermum. Halicacabum, L.
Æsculus. Hippocastanum, L. (common horse-chestnut).
Acer. Pennsylvanicum, L. (striped maple). spicatum, Lam. (mountain maple). saccharinum, Wang. (sugar maple). rubrum, L. (swamp maple). Negundo. aceroides, Monch.
Polygalacec. Polygala. ambigua, Nutt. cruciata, L. lutea, L. paucifolia, Willd. polygama, Walt. ramosa, Ell. sanguinea, L. verticillata, L.
Leguminosæ. Lupinus. perennis, L. (wild lupine).
Crotalaria. sagittalis, L.
Trifolium. arvense, L. (stone-clover).
pratense, L. (red clover). repens, L. (white clover). .
agrarium, L. (yellow or hop clover). procumbens, L. (low hop clover).
Melilotus. officinalis, Willd. (yellow melilot). Robinia. Pseudacacia, L. (common locust). hispida, L. (rose acacia).
Wistaria. frutescens, DC.
Tephrosia. Virginiana, Pers. (catgut).
Desmodium. acuminatum, DC. Canadense, DC.
canescens, DC. ciliare, DC.
Dilenii, Darl. humifusum, Beck. nudiflorum, DC. paniculatum, DC. pauciflorum, DC. rigidum, DC.
Lespedeza. procumbens, Michx. violacea, Pers. hirta, Ell. capitata, Michx.
Vicia. Cracca, L.
Ļathyrus. palustris, L. (marsh vetchling). var. myrtifolius, Gray.
40
HISTORY OF BERKS COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA.
Apios. tuberosa, Monch. Phaseolus. perennis, Walt. (wild bean). diversifolius, Pers.
Clitoria. Mariana, L. Amphicarpæa. monoica, Nutt. Galactia. mollis, Michx. glabella, Michx.
Baptisia.
tinctoria, R. Br. (wild indigo).
Cercis.
Canadensis, L. (red bud).
Cassia.
Marilandica, L. (wild senna).
nictitans, L. (wild sensitive plant).
Gleditschia.
triacanthos, L. (honey locust).
Rosacec. Prunus. Americana, Marshall (red plum). pumila, L. (dwarf cherry). Pennsylvanica, L. (wild red cherry). Virginiana, L. (choke cherry). serotina, Ehrh. (wild black cherry).
Spiræa. opulifolia, L. (nine-bark). salicifolia, L. (common meadow-sweet). Aruncus, L. (goat's beard).
Gillenia. trifoliata, Mænch (Bowman's root). stipulacea, Nutt. (American ipecac). Poterium. Canadense, Gray. (Canadian burnet). Sanguisorba, L.
Agrimonia. Eupatoria, L. (common agrimony). parviflora, Ait.
Geum. album, Gmelin. Virginianum, L. macrophyllum, Willd.
Waldsteinia.
fragarioides, Tratt. (barren strawberry).
Potentilla.
Norvegica, L.
Canadensis, L. (common cinquefoil).
var. simplex, T. & Gray.
Fragaria. Virginiana, Ehrh. vesca, L. Dalibarda. repens, L.
Rubus. odoratus, L. (purple flowering raspberry). triflorus, Richardson (dwarf raspberry).
strigosus, Michx. (wild red raspberry). occidentalis, L. (black raspberry). villosus, Ait. (high blackberry). Canadensis, L. (low blackberry). hispidus, L. (running swamp blackberry).
Rosa.
setigera, Michx. (prairie-rose).
Carolina, L. (swamp rose).
lucida, Ehrh. (dwarf wild rose).
rubiginosa, L (sweet-brier).
micrantha, Smith (smaller flowering sweet-
brier).
Cratægus.
tomentosa, L. (black or pear thorn).
var. pyrifolia, Gray.
var. punctata, Gray.
Crus-galli, L. (cockspur thorn).
Pyrus.
coronaria, L. (American crab-apple).
arbutifolia, L. (choke cherry).
Americana, DC. (American mountain-ash).
Amelanchier.
Canadensis, Torr. & Gray (shad-bush).
var. Botryapium, Gray.
var. oblongifolia, Gray.
Calycanthacec. Calycanthus. floridus, L.
Saxifragacec.
Ribes.
hirtellum, Michx.
rotundifolium, Michx.
floridum, L. (wild black currant).
Hydrangea.
arborescens, L. (wild hydrangea).
Saxifraga.
Virginiensis, Michx. (early saxifrage).
Pennsylvanica, L. (swamp saxifrage).
erosa, Pursh. (lettuce saxifrage).
Heuchera.
Americana, L. (common alum-root).
Mitella.
diphylla, L.
Chrysosplenium.
Americanum, Schw.
Crassulacec. Penthorum. sedoides, L.
Sedum.
acre, L. (mossy stone-crop).
ternatum, Michx.
Telephium, L. (garden orpine).
Hamamelacec.
Hamamelis.
Virginica, L.
Onagracec. Circæa. Lutetiana, L. alpina, L.
41
PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY.
Gaura. biennis, L. Epilobium. angustifolium, L. (great willow-herb). hirsutum, L. palustre, L. molle, Torr. coloratum, Muhl.
Œnothera. biennis, L. (common evening primrose). fruticosa, L. (sundrops). Ludwigia. alternifolia, L. (seed-box). palustris, Ell. (water purslane).
Lythracec. Nesæa. verticillata, H. B. K.
Cuphea. viscosissima, Jacq. (clammy cuphea)
Cucurbitacec. Sicyos. angulatus, L.
Umbelliferæ. Hydrocotyle. Americana, L.
Sanicula. Marilandica, L.
Daucus. carota, L. (common carrot).
Pastinaca.
sativa, L. (common parsnip).
Archangelica. hirsuta, Torr. & Gray. atropurpurea, Hoffm.
Thaspium. aureum, Nutt. trifoliatum, Gray.
Zizia. integerrima, DC.
Bupleurum. rotundifolium, L.
Cicuta.
maculata, L. (spotted cow-bane).
bulbifera, L.
Sium. lineare, Michx. Cryptotænia. Canadensis, DC.
Osmorrhiza. longistylis, DC. (smoother sweet cicely).
Araliacec. Aralia. spinosa, L. (Hercules' club). racemosa, L. (spikenard). hispida, Michx. (wild elder). nudicaulis, L. (wild sarsaparilla). quinquefolia, Gray (ginseng). trifolia, Gray (ground-nut). 6
Cornacec.
Cornus. florida, L. (flowering dog-wood). circinata, L'Her. sericea, L. (silky cornel). stolonifera, Michx. (red osier dogwood). paniculata, L'Her. alternifolia, L.
Nyssa. multiflora, Wang. (pepperidge).
Caprifoliacec. Symphoricarpus. racemosus, Michx, (snowberry). var. pauciflorus, Robb.
Lonicera. sempervirens, Ait. (trumpet honeysuckle). Diervilla. trifida, Monch.
Triosteum. perfoliatum, L.
Sambucus. Canadensis, L. (common elder). pubens, Michx. (red-berried elder).
Viburnum. Lentago, L. (sheep-berry).
dentatum, L. (arrow-wood). acerifolium, L. (dock-mackie). Opulus, L. (cranberry-tree).
Rubiacec.
Galium.
Aparine, L. (goose-grass). asprellum, Michx. (rough bed-straw).
trifidum, L. (small bed-straw). triflorum, Michx. (sweet-scented bed-straw): pilosum, Ait. circæzans, Michx. (wild liquorice). lanceolatum, Torr. (wild liquorice). boreale, L. (northern bedstraw).
Diodia. teres, Walt. Cephalanthus. occidentalis, L.
Mitchella. repens, L.
Houstonia, cærulea, L.
Valerianacec. Fedia. olitoria, Vahl. radiata, Michx.
Dipsacec.
Dipsacus.
sylvestris, Mill. (wild teasel).
Fullonum, L.
Composite.
Vernonia.
Noveboracensis, Willd.
42
HISTORY OF BERKS COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA.
Liatris. scariosa, Willd. spicata, Willd. Eupatorium. ageratoides, L. (white snake-root). album, L. perfoliatum, L. (boneset). purpureum, L. (trumpet weed). rotundifolium, L. sessilifolium, L. (upland boneset). teucrifolium, Willd.
Mikania. scandens, L. Sericocarpus. conyzoides, Nees.
Aster. cordifolius, L. corymbosus, Ait. lævis, L. linifolius, L. macrophyllus, L. miser, L., Ait. nemoralis, Ait.
Novæ-Angliæ, L.
patens, Ait. prenanthoides, Muhl. puniceus, L. sagittifolius, Willd. simplex, Willd. tenuifolius, L. undulatus, L.
Erigeron.
Canadense, L. (butter-weed). bellidifolium, Muhl. (robins' plantain). Philadelphicum, L. (common fleabane). annuum, Pers. (daisy fleabane). strigosum, Muhl. (daisy fleabane). Diplopappus. linarifolius, Hook. umbellatus, Torr. & Gray. amygdalinus, T. & Gray. cornifolius, Darl.
Solidago. altissima, L. arguta, Ait. bicolor, L. Canadensis, L. cæsia, L. lanceolata, L. latifolia, L. neglecta, Torr. & Gray. nemoralis, Ait. odora, Ait. serotina, Ait.
Inula. Helenium, L. (common elecampane). Polymnia. Uvedalia, L.
Ambrosia. trifida, L. (great rag-weed). artemisiæfolia, L. (bitter-weed). Xanthium, strumarium, L. (common cocklebur).
Eclipta. procumbens, Michx.
Heliopsis. lævis, Pers.
Rudbeckia. hirta, L. fulgida, Ait. laciniata, L.
Helianthus. annuus, L. (common sun-flower).
decapetalus, L. giganteus, L. strumosus, L. tuberosus, L. (Jerusalem artichoke). Coreopsis. tripteris, L.
Bidens.
frondosa, L. (common beggar-ticks). connata, Muhl. (swamp beggar-ticks). chrysanthemoides, Mx. (larger bur-marigold). bipinnata L. (Spanish needìes).
Helenium. autumnale, L. (sneeze-weed). Maruta.
Cotula, DC. (common May-weed).
Anthemis. arvensis, L. (common chamomile). Achillea. Millefolium, L. (milfoil).
Leucanthemum. vulgare, Lam. (white daisy). Parthenium, Godron. (feverfew).
Tanacetum. vulgare, L. (common tansy).
Gnaphalium. decurrens, Ives (everlasting).
polycephalum, Michx. (common everlasting). uliginosum, L. (low cud-weed). purpureum, L. (purplish cud-weed).
Antennaria. margaritacea, R. Br. (pearly everlasting). plantaginifolia, Hook.
Filago. Germanica, L. (herba impia).
Erechthites. hieracifolia, Raf. (fire-weed).
Cacalia. atriplicifolia, L. (pale Indian plantain).
Senecio. aureus, L. (golden rag-wort).
Centaurea. Cyanus, L. (blue bottle).
43
PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY.
Cirsium. lanceolatum, Scop. (common thistle). discolor, Spreng. altissimum, Spreng. muticum, Michx. (swamp-thistle). pumilum, Spreng. (pasture-thistle). arvense, Scop. (Canada-thistle).
Lappa. officinalis, Allioni. Cichorium. Intybus, L.
Krigia. Virginica; Willd.
Cynthia.
Virginica, Don.
Hieracium.
Canadense, Michx. (Canada hawk-weed). scabrum, Michx. (rough hawk-weed). Gronovii, L. (hairy hawk-weed). venosum, L. (rattle-snake weed). paniculatum, L.
Nabalus. albus, Hook (white lettuce). altissimus, Hook. Fraseri, DC. (gall-of-the-earth). Taraxacum. Dens-leonis, Desf. (common dandelion). Lactuca. Canadensis, L. (wild lettuce). var. integrifolia, Torr. & Gray. Mulgedium. leucophæum, DC.
Sonchus. oleraceus, L. (common sow-thistle). asper, Vill. (spiny-leaved sow-thistle). Lobeliacec. Lobelia. . cardinalis, L. (cardinal flower). syphilitica, L. (great lobelia). inflata, L. (Indian tobacco). spicata, Lam.
Campanulacec. Campanula. rotundifolia, L. (harebell). aparinoides, Pursh. (marsh bell-flower). Americana L. (tall bell-flower). Specularia. perfoliata, A. DC.
Ericacec.
. Gaylussacia. brachycera, Gray (box-huckleberry). frondosa, Torr. & Gray (blue tangle). resinosa, Torr. & Gray (black huckleberry). Vaccinium. Canadense, Kalm. (Canada blueberry). corymbosum, L. (swamp blueberry). macrocarpon, Ait. (American cranberry): Pennsylvanicum, Lam. (dwarf-blueberry). stamineum, L. (deerberry).
Epigæa. repens, L. Gaultheria. procumbens, L. (creeping winter-green). Leucothoë. racemosa, Gray.
Cassandra. calyculata, Don.
Andromeda. Mariana, L. (stagger-bush). ligustrina, Muhl. Clethra. alnifolia, L.
Kalmia. latifolia, L. (mountain-laurel). angustifolia, L. (sheep-laurel). Azalea. viscosa, L. (white swamp-honeysuckle). nudiflora L. (pinxter-flower). Rhododendron. maximum L. (great laurel).
Pyrola. rotundifolia, L. elliptica, Nutt. (shin-leaf). chlorantha, Swartz. secunda, L.
Chimaphila. umbellata, Nutt. (prince's pine). maculata, Pursh. (spotted winter green). Monotropa. uniflora, L. (Indian pipe). Hypopitys, L. (pine sap).
Aquifoliacec. Ilex. mollis, Gray. verticillata; Gray (black- alder).
Ebenacec. Diospyros. Virginiana, L. (common persimmon).
Plantaginacec. Plantago. major, L. (common plantain). lanceolata, L. (rib-grass). Virginica, L. Patagonica, Jacq.
Primulacec. Trientalis. · Americana, Pursh. (star-flower).
Lysimachia. stricta, Ait. quadrifolia, L. ciliata, L. lanceolata, Walt. nummularia, L. (money-wort).
Anagallis. arvensis, L. (common pimpernel).
Bignoniacec. Tecoma. radicans, Juss. (trumpet-creeper).
44
HISTORY OF BERKS COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA.
Catalpa. bignonioides, Walt.
Orobanchacec. Epiphegus. Virginiana, Bart.
Aphyllon. uniflorum, Torr. & Gray (cancer-root). Scrophulariacec. Verbascum. Thapsus, L. (common mullein). Blattaria, L. (moth mullein). Lychnitis, L. (white mullein).
Linaria. Canadensis, Spreng. (wild toad-flax). vulgaris, Miller (toad-flax).
Scrophularia. nodosa, L.
Chelone. glabra, L. Pentstemon.
pubescens, Solander. Mimulus.
ringens, L.
Gratiola. Virginiana, L.
Ilysanthes. gratioloides, Benth. (false pimpernel). Veronica. Virginica, L. (Culver's root).
Anagallis, L. (water speedwell).
Americana, Schwein. (brooklime).
scutellata, L. (marsh speedwell). officinalis, L. (common speedwell). serpyllifolia, L. (thyme-leaved speedwell). peregrina, L. (neckweed). arvensis, L. (common speedwell). Buxbaumii, Tenore.
Gerardia. purpurea, L. tenuifolia, Vahl. flava, L. (downy false fox-glove). quercifolia, Pursh. (smooth false fox-glove). integrifolia, Gray. pedicularia, L. Castilleia. coccinea, Spreng. (scarlet painted-cup). Pedicularis.
Canadensis, L. (common louse-wort).
Melampyrum. Americanum, Michx.
Verbenacec. Verbena. angustifolia, Michx. hastata, L. (blue vervain). urticifolia, L. (white vervain). Phryma. Leptostachya, L.
Labiata.
Țeucrium.
Canadense, L. (wood sage). Trichostema. dichotomum, L. (bastard pennyroyal). Mentha.
rotundifolia, L. viridis, L. (spearmint). aquatica, L. (water-mint). arvensis, L. (common mint). Canadensis, L. (wild mint).
Lycopus. Virginicus, L. (bugle-weed). Europæus, L.
Cunila. Mariana, L. (common dittany).
Pycnanthemum. incanum, Michx. clinopodioides, T. & Gr. lanceolatum, Pursh. linifolium, Pursh.
Thymus. Serpyllum, L. (creeping thyme).
Satureia. hortensis, L.
Calamintha. Clinopodium, Benth. (basil).
Melissa. officinalis, L. (common balm).
Hedeoma. pulegioides, Pers. (American pennyroyal).
Collinsonia. Canadensis, L. (rich-weed). lyrata, L. (lyre-leaved sage).
Monarda. didima, L. (Oswego tea). fistulosa, L. (wild bergamot).
Lophanthus. nepetoides, Benth.
Nepeta.
Cataria, L. (catnip).
Glechoma, Benth. (ground ivy).
Brunella. vulgaris, L. (common self-heal). Scutellaria. canescens, Nutt.
pilosa, Michx. integrifolia, L. parvula, Michx. galericulata, L. lateriflora, L.
Marrubium. vulgare, L. (common horehound). Stachys. palustris, L. var. aspera, Gray.
Leonurus.
Cardiaca, L. (common motherwort).
Marrubiastrum, L.
Lamium.
amplexicaule, L.
45
PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY.
Borraginacec. Heliotropium. Europæum, L.
Echium. vulgare, L. (blue-weed).
Symphytum. officinale, L. (common comfrey). Lithospermum. arvense, L. (corn gromwell). latifolium, Michx. canescens, Lehm. (hoary puccoon). Myosotis. palustris, Withering (true forget-me-not). var. laxa, Gray. arvensis, Hoffm.
Cynoglossum. officinale, L. (common hound's tongue). Virginicum, L. (wild comfrey). Morisoni, DC. (beggar's lice).
Hydrophyllaceæ. Hydrophyllum. Virginicum, L.
Polemoniacec. Phlox. maculata, L. (wild sweet William). divaricata, L. subulata, L. (moss-pink).
Gilia. coronopifolia, Pers.
Convolvulacec. Ipomœa. purpurea, Lam. (common morning glory). pandurata, Meyer (wild potato vine). Calystegia. sepium, R. Br. (hedge bird-weed.) spithamæa, Pursh. Cuscuta. Gronovii, Wild.
Solanacec. Solanum. Dulcamara, L. (bittersweet). nigrum, L. (common nightshade).
Physalis. pubescens, L. viscosa, L. Pennsylvanica, L.
Nicandra. physaloides, Gærtn.
Lycium. vulgare, Dunal.
Hyoscyamus. niger, L. (black henbane).
Datura. Stramonium, L. (thorn-apple). Tatula, L.
Nicotiana. rustica, L. (wild tobacco).
Gentianacec.
Erythræa.
ramosissima, Pers. Gentiana. crinita, Fræl. (fringed gentian). ochroleuca, Fræl. Andrewsii, Griseb. Obolaria. Virginica, L. Menyanthes. trifoliata, L. Limnanthemum. laconosum, Griseb.
Apocynacec. Apocynum. cannabinum, L. (Indian hemp). androsæmifolium, L. (spreading dogbane).
Asclepiadacec. Asclepias. Cornuti, Decaisne (common milkweed). incarnata, L. (swamp milkweed). obtusifolia, Michx. phytolaccoides, Pursh. (poke milkweed). purpurescens, L. quadrifolia, Jacq. tuberosa, L. (butterfly weed).
Oleacec. Ligustrum. vulgare, L. (common privet). Fraxinus. Americana, L. (white ash).
Aristolochiacec. Asarum. Canadense, L. Aristolochia. Serpentaria, L. (Virginia snakeroot).
Phytolaccacec. Phytolacca. decandra, L. (common poke).
Chenopodiacec. Chenopodium. album, L. (pigweed).
murale, L. hybridum, L (maple-leaved goose-foot). Botrys, L. (Jerusalem oak.) ambrosioides, L. (Mexican tea). var. anthelminticum, G. (worm-seed).
Salicornia. herbacea, L.
Amarantacec. Amarantus. paniculatus, L. retroflexus, L. albus, L. spinosus, L. (thorny amaranth).
Polygonacec. Polygonum. acre, H. B. K. (water smartweed). amphibium, L. (water persicaria). arifolium, L. (halberd-leaved tear-thumb).
46
HISTORY OF BERKS COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA.
aviculare, L. (knot-grass). var. erectum, Roth. Convolvulus, L. (black birdweed).
dumetorum, L. (climbing false buckwheat). Hydropiper, L. (water pepper). hydropiperoides, Michx. (mild water pepper). incarnatum, Ell. orientale, L. (prince's feather). Pennsylvanicum, L. Persicaria, L. (lady's thumb). sagittatum, L. (arrow-leaved tear-thumb). tenue, Michx. Virginianum, L.
Fagopyrum. esculentum, Mænch (buckwheat).
Rumex.
orbiculatus, Gray (great water-dock). crispus, L. (curled dock). obtusifolius, L. (bitter dock). sanguineus, L. (bloody-veined dock). Acetosella, L. (sheep sorrel).
Lauracec. Sassafras. officinale, Nees.
Lindera.
Benzoin, Meisner (spice-bush).
Thymeleacec. Dirca. palustris, L.
Santalacec. Comandra .. umbellata, Nutt.
Callitrichacec. Callitriche. verna, L.
Euphorbiacec. Euphorbia. Cyparissias, L. hypericifolia, L. Lathyris, L. maculata, L. marginata, Pursh. Acalypha. Virginica, L. var. gracilens, Gray. Caroliniana, Walt.
Urticacec. Ulmus. fulva, Mich. (red elm). Americana L. (white elm). Celtis. occidentalis, L. (sugar berry). Morus. rubra, L. (red mulberry). alba, L. (white mulberry).
Urtica. dioica, L.
Lapertra. Canadensis, Gaudich.
Pilea. pumila, Gray (rich-weed). Bæhmeria. cylindrica, Willd. Cannabis, sativa, L. (hemp).
Humulus. Lupulus, L. (common hop).
Platanacec. Platanus. occidentalis, L. (sycamore).
Juglandacec. Juglans. nigra, L. (black walnut). cinerea, L. (butternut).
Carya. alba, Nutt. (shell-bark). microcarpa, Nutt. (small-fruited hickory). tomentosa, Nutt. (mocker-nut). porcina, Nutt. (pig-nut). amara, Nutt. (bitter-nut).
Cupuliferæ. Quercus. alba, L. (white oak). coccinea, Wang. (scarlet oak) .. var. tinctoria, Gray (black oak).
falcata, Michx. (Spanish oak). ilicifolia, Wang. (black scrub oak). macrocarpa, Michx. (bur oak).
nigra, L. (barren oak). obtusiloba, Michx. (post oak). palustris, Du Roi (pin oak). Prinus, L. (chestnut oak). var acuminata, Michx. rubra, L. (red oak).
Castanea. vesca, L. (chestnut).
Fagus.
ferruginea, Ait. (American beech).
Corylus. Americana, Walt. (wild hazel-nut) rostrata, Ait. (beaked hazel-nut). Carpinus. Americana, Michx. (water beech). Myricacec. Myrica. gale, L. (sweet gale).
Comptonia. asplenifolia, Ait.
Betulacec. Betula. lenta, L. (black birch). alba, (American white birch). nigra; L. (river or red birch). Alnus. serrulata, Ait. (smooth alder).
Salicacec.
Salix.
alba, L. (white willow).
47
PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY.
humilis, Marshall (prairie willow). nigra, Marsh. sericea, Marsh. viminalis, L. (basket osier). Populus. tremuloides, Michx. (American aspen). grandidentata, Michx. balsamifera, L. (balsam poplar). var. candicans, Gray (balm of Gilead). Coniferc. Pinus. rigida, Miller (pitch-pine). pungens, Michx. (table mountain pine). inops, Ait. (Jersey pine). Strobus, L. (white pine).
Abies. Canadensis, Michx. (hemlock spruce). Larix.
Americana, Michx. (black larch). Juniperus. communis, L. (common juniper). Virginiana, L. (red cedar).
Aracea. Arisæma. triphyllum, Torr. (Indian turnip). Dracontium, Schott. (green dragon). Symplocarpus. fœtidns, Salisb.
Orontium.
aquaticum. L.
Acorus.
Calamus, L.
Lemnacec.
Lemna. trisulca, L.
Typhacea.
Typha.
latifolia, L. (common cat-tail).
Sparganium. eurycarpum, Engelm. simplex, Huds. var. Nuttallii, Gray.
Naiadacec.
Naias.
flexilis, Rostk.
Potamogeton. crispus, L. natans, L. perfoliatus, L. pusillus, L.
Alismacea. Alisma. Plantago, L., (var. Americanum, Gr). Sagittaria. variabilis, Engelm. heterophylla, Pursh. graminea, Michx. Hydrocharidacea. Vallisneria.
spiralis, L.
Orchidacec. Orchis. spectabilis, L. (showy orchix). Habenaria. blephariglottis, Hook. ciliaris, R. Br. fimbriata, R. Br. lacera, R. Br. (ragged-fringed orchis). psycodes, Gray. tridentata, Hook.
Goodyera. pubescens, R. Br. Spiranthes. latifolia, Torr. cornua, Richard. gracilis, Big.
Pogonia.
ophioglossoides, Nutt.
divaricata, R. Br.
verticillata, Nutt.
Calopogon. pulchellus, R. Br.
Liparis.
lillifolia, Richard.
Losclii, Richard.
Corallorhiza.
odontorhiza, Nutt.
multiflora, Nutt.
Aplectrum.
hyemale, Nutt.
Cypripedium.
parviflorum, Salish. (smaller yellow L).
pubescens, Willd. (larger yellow L).
acanle, Ait. (stemless L).
Amaryllidacea.
Hypoxys.
erecta, L.
Iridacca.
Iris.
versicolor, L. (larger blue flag).
Pardanthus.
Chinensis, Ker.
Sisyrinchium.
Bermudiana, L.
Dioscoreacec.
Dioscorea.
villosa, L. (wild yam-root).
Smilacec.
Smilax.
rotundifolia, L. (commou greenbrier).
tamnoides, L.
herbacea, L. (carrion flower).
Liliacec.
Trillium.
cernuum, L. (wake-robin).
Medeola.
Virginica, L.
Melanthium.
48
HISTORY OF BERKS COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA.
Virginicum, L. (bunch flower). Veratrum. viride, Ait. (Indian poke). Chamælirium. luteum, Gray (blazing star).
Uvularia. perfoliata, L. sessilifolia, L.
Smilacina. racemosa, Desf. (false spikenard). stellata, Desf. bifolia, Ker.
Polygonatum. bifforum, Ell. (smaller Solomon's seal). giganteum, Dietrich (great S).
Asparagus. officinalis, L. (garden asparagus).
Lilium.
Philadelphicum, L. (wild orange-red lily). Canadense, L. (wild yellow lily).
Erythronium. Americanum, Smith (yellow adder's tongue). Ornithogalum. umbellatum, L.
Allium. tricoccum, Ait. (wild leek). vineale, L. (field garlic). Canadense, Kalm. (wild garlic). Muscari. botryoides, Mill.
Hemerocallis. fulva, L. (common day lily).
Yucca. filamentosa, L. (Adam's needle).
Juncacec.
Luzula. campestris, DC. spicata, Desv.
Juncus. acuminatus, Michx. var. legitimus, Engelm.
hufonius, L. effusus, L. marginatus, Rostk. tenuis, Willd.
Pontederiacea.
Heteranthera. reniformis, Ruiz. & Pav. Schollera. graminea, Willd.
Commelynacec. Commelyna. Virginica, L. Tradescantia. Virginica, L. (com. spiderwort).
Xyridacec.
Xyris. flexuosa, Muhl.
Cyperacec.
Cyperus. diandrus, Torr. filiculmis, Vahl. flavescens, L. strigosu-, L. Dulichium. spathaceum, Pers. Eleocharis. acicularis, R. Br. melanocarpa, Torr. obtusa, Schultes. palustris, R. Br. tenuis, Schultes.
Scirpus. atrovirens, Muhl. debilis, Pursh. Eriophorum, Michx. (wool-grass). planifolius, Muhl. polyphyllus, Vahl.
Eriophorum. Virginicum, L. gracile, Koch.
Rhynchospora. alba, Vahl. glomerata, Vahl.
Scleria.
triglomerata, Michx.
Carex .. conoidea, Schk. crinita, Lam. debilis, Michx.
gracillima, Schw.
granularis, Muhl.
hystricina, Willd. intumescens, Rudge. lanuginosa, Michx. laxiflora, Lam.
laxiflora, Lam. (var. styloflexa, Boot). lupulina, Muhl.
Muhlenbergii, Schk.
Novæ-Anglia, Schw.
oligocarpa, Schk. pedunculata, Muhl.
Penusylvanica, Lam.
pubescens, Muhl. rigida, Good. rosea, Schk.
scoparia, Schk. sparganioides, Muhl. stellulata, L. stipata, Muhl.
straminea, Schk. stricta, Lam. tentaculata, Muhl. triceps, Michx. varia, Muhl. virescens, Muhl. vulpinoidea, Michx.
49
PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY.
Graminec. Leersia. Virginica, Willd. (white grass). oryzoides, Swartz (rice cut grass). Phleum. pratense, L. (timothy).
Vilfa.
vaginæflora, Torr.
Agrostis: vulgaris, With. alba, L. (white bent grass). Muhlenbergia. Mexicana, Trin. Wildenovii, Trin. diffusa, Schreb. (trimble will). Calamagrostis.
Cauadensis, Beauv. (blue joint grass). Aristida.
dichotoma, Michx. (poverty grass).
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