History of Erie county, Pennsylvania. Containing a history of the county; its townships, towns, villages schools, churches, industries, etc, Part 30

Author: Bates, Samuel P. (Samuel Penniman), 1827-1902; Whitman, Benjamin, 1940-; Russell, N. W. (Nathaniel Willard); Brown, R. C. (Robert C.); Weakley, F. E; Warner, Beers & Co. (Chicago, Ill.)
Publication date: 1884
Publisher: Chicago : Warner, Beers & co.
Number of Pages: 1280

USA > Pennsylvania > Erie County > History of Erie county, Pennsylvania. Containing a history of the county; its townships, towns, villages schools, churches, industries, etc > Part 30

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The country in 1805 was still far from tranquil. People continued to take unlawful possession of lands claimed under warrants, and were encouraged by others for political purposes. The company brought sundry ejectments. Dur- ing the summer we were called upon by a number of clergymen. In the month of December, James and Ezekiel Graham, who had unlawfully settled on the tract of the Population Company, purchased 100 acres each at $3 per acre, pay- able in installments.

November 20, 1806 .- News came of a decision in the land case in United States Court at Philadelphia. Robert Penn, plaintiff; Adam Arbuckle, de- fendant.

July 1, 1807. - The obstinacy of adverse settlers renders my employment in some respects unpleasant. The Erie & Waterford Turnpike is in process of building.

Mr. Colt made frequent trips to Philadelphia, New York and Pittsburgh on the business of the company, being absent from his family much of the time. On one occasion he was gone fifteen months. He died in 1832, and left a large

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estate. His successor for most of the members of the company was Judah C. Spencer. A few of the members placed their interests in charge of Thomas H. Sill.

Dunning McNair established an agency for the company on Conneaut Creek in 1797, and made contracts with most of the early settlers of that region.

LAND SALES.

Among those who took up large bodies of land at an early date were David Watts and William Miles, the first surveyors, who located 1, 400 acres at Watts- burg, and 1,200 acres at Lake Pleasant, in 1796. Mr. Miles also purchased four tracts on the lake shore from the Population Company, on which he agreed to place settlers. Martin Strong, who came to the county in 1795, as a surveyor for the Holland Land Company, took up a large tract on the Ridge, in Water- ford and Summit Townships. David McNair chose 800 acres of the Walnut Creek flats, at Kearsarge, besides other extensive tracts. He at one time owned some of the most valuable property in the county, including half of what is now South Erie. George Fisher, of Dauphin County, secured a vast body of land in Waterford and Washington Townships, and William Wallace, who was the first lawyer in the county, became possessor of numerous tracts in various townships. The inducement, that caused the late Dr. W. A. Wallace to locate in Erie was to take charge of his father's estate. Many sales were made by the different companies between 1796 and 1799, and by 1800 a good share of the county had passed into the hands of actual settlers, or persons who in- tended to become such.

LIST OF PURCHASERS.

The following is a list of parties who entered into agreements with the Population Company for the purchase of lands in 1796-97 and 1798, all be- ing for full tracts except the one in the name of George Hurst, which was for 200 acres:

James Baird, George Balfour, Russell Bissell, Negro " Boe," Richard Cle- ment, Isaac Craig, Joshua Fairbanks, Thomas Forster, Thomas Gallagher, Thomas Greer, John Grubb, Samuel Holliday, Thomas P. Miller, Francia Brawley, Thomas Rees, Jr., Abraham Custard, Beriah Davis, Miles Crane, Elihu Crane, Abiathar Crane, Patrick Kennedy, John Sanderson, Morrow Lowry, William Lee, Rowland Rees, Robert Lowry, William M. Grundy, John Mill, James O'Harra, Judah Colt, Laton Dick, Charles John Reed, Ben- jamin Richardson, Benjamin Russell, David Hays, Anthony Saltsman, Francis Scott, James Herman, Joseph McCord, Azariah Davis, George Hurst, Arnold Custard, William Paul, William Barker, Israel Bodine, Samuel Barker, John Kennedy, Israel Miller, George Nicholson, George Lowry, Thomas Dunn, James Dunn, Henry Hurst, Ezekiel Dunning, Wiliam Dunn, William Parcell, Martin Strong, Hugh Spears, Richard Swan, Elihu Talmadge, J. F. Vollaine, Alex. Vance, John McKee, Hugh Mclaughlin, John Oliver, Rufus S. Reed, Mary Reed, Stephen Oliver, Milhall Condon, Alex. McKee, David Long, Stephen Forster, Peter Grasoss, James Greer, Joseph L. Rowley, James Foulke, William G. Tysner, John Hay, Freeman Tuttle, Bernard Tracy, Hamilton Stone, Zelmar Barker, John Anderson, Daniel Dobbins, John Shaffer, John Cummings, Thomas Hughes, John Daggett, David Seely, Samuel Holliday, John Morris, Patrick McKee, David Mccullough, Henry Strowman, William Sturgeon, Jeremiah Sturgeon, Hugh Trimble, James Leland, Robert Brown, Peter Prime, John Nichols, John Gordon, Robert McIntire, George W. Reed, Samuel Barker, John Cochran, George Tracy, William Weed, Oliver Dunn, William Baird, Oliver Thornton, Thomas Greer, Timothy Tuttle.

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HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY.

STATE COMMISSIONERS.

Below are transcripts from the papers on file in the State department at Harrisburg, relative to the land sales in Erie County:

April 18, 1800-Under consideration of the act of April 11, 1799, Thomas Rees, Jr., was appointed Commissioner for the town of Erie to sell the reserved lands and the in and outlots of Erie, David McNair for the town of Waterford, and John Kelso for the town of Warren.

April 25, 1800-Wilson Smith appointed Deputy Surveyor for the town of Erie.

July 1, 1800-John Kelso and David McNair resigned as Commissioners for the sale of lots, etc.

April 30, 1802-Thomas Rees' commission for sale of inlots superseded and annulled.

May 31, 1802-John Kelso appointed Commissioner, etc., to sell lands in room of said Thomas Rees, removed.

July 20, 1802-Thomas Rees, Jr., failed to pay over moneys received for sale of lands, and refused to deliver books, papers, etc., to his successor, his bond was ordered to be prosecuted by the Governor.

December 23, 1805-Thomas Forster appointed to sell in and outlots in the town of Erie, to supply vacancy occasioned by the removal of John Kelso by supersedeas.

March 29, 1809-Charles Martin for Waterford, and Conrad Brown for Erie, were appointed Commissioners of sales of lands in room of Thomas Forster, superseded.

February 3, 1810-John Kelso appointed Commissioner of sales in place of Conrad Brown, who declined to act.

April 13, 1811-Robert Knox and James Boyd, Commissioners of sales.

LAND LITIGATION.

Reference is made in Mr. Colt's autobiography to the serious disturbances and costly litigation which attended his career as agent of the Population Company. These difficulties assumed so threatening a character, that, as stated by him, he was obliged at, times to keep a force of forty to sixty men in his employ to maintain the rights of the corporation. The causes of the troub- les, in brief, were as follows:

It will be remembered that the law of 1792 provided that any actual set- tler, or grantee in any original or succeeding warrant, who should be driven from the country by the enemies of the United States, and who should persist in the endeavor to make a settlement, should be entitled to hold his lands in the same manner as if an actual settlement had been made. The Population Company and the Holland Company claimed that by their several efforts to occupy the lands in 1793, '94 and '95, they had fulfilled all the conditions of the law. In the spring of 1795, a proclamation was issued by the Governor declaring that the Indians had been conquered, and stating that the north- western section of the State was open to settlement. The effect of this was to induce a number of people to emigrate to the county, some of whom purchased from the agents, while others set up adverse claims, asserting that the com- panies had forfeited the lands. The clause of the law on which the latter de- pended was that one which provided that settlements must be made prior to the date of the warrants, and requiring two acres to be cultivated, a house to be built and a family to be living on the claim five years after the issuing of the same.

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HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY.

The companies alleged that peace was not really secured until 1796, citing the Rutledge murder as proof. To this the adverse claimants replied that the murder was not really committed by the Indians, but was the deed of white men in the pay of the company, to relieve them from their embarrassment. This view found a good many supporters, even long after the occurrence. The question, "Who killed Rutledge ?" was once as much used as the more modern phrase " Who struck Billy Patterson ?" The adverse claimants were wrought up to a high state of feeling and determined to hold their settlements by force of arms. The principal seat of the troubles was in Greenfield and North East Townships, but they extended in some degree to Conneaut, Harbor Creek and other sections. As usual, in American affairs, the difficulty finally entered the political field. Those who sustained the companies were classed as Federalists; their antagonists as Democrats.

It will be understood that the disputes here referred to mainly related to the Population Company, whose interest in the lands of the county was ten times as extensive as that of the Holland Company. The latter, however, had difficulties with various parties who claimed to be actual settlers. Among those who became involved in litigation with them was William Miles, who had located and placed settlers upon lands which the company complained had been allotted to them. The Miles suits were ultimately settled by ami- cable arrangement, and he became the agent of the company. As a rule, the Population Company were more lenient in their treatment of the adverse claimants than the Holland Company.

The opponents of the companies appealed to the State authorities for pro- tection in their claims, alleging that they had been induced to settle upon the lands by the proclamation of the Governor. Their case was frequently con- sidered by the State Government, but nothing decisive was done until 1799, when Samuel Cochran, brother of John Cochran, the surveyor, was called into Gov. Mckean's cabinet as chief of the land department. The question was then promptly taken up, and the cabinet decided that "the company warrants were null and void, and the land open to actual settlers." This decision was spread broadcast over the commonwealth, and led to another extensive emigration of persons who made settlements adverse to the company. Disputes in regard to titles being quite general throughout the country west of the Ohio, the Leg- islature, on April 2, 1802, passed an act directing the Supreme Court to de- cide the questions involved, which all grew out of the act of 1792. The law provided further that the Secretary of the Land Office should not grant any new warrants for land which he had reason to believe had been taken up un- der former warrants, but whenever applications of that character were pre- sented, the original should be filed in the office, and a duplicate furnished the applicant. Every such application was to state under oath that the person applying was in actual possession of the land applied for, and the time when possession was taken, and was to be " entitled to the same force and effect and the same priority in granting warrants to actual settlers as though the warrants. had been granted when the applications were filed." Under this act hundreds of emigants poured into the Northwest, who located lands, had them surveyed, and made actual settlements upon them, trusting to the decision of the Su- preme Court to establish them in their possessions.

The Supreme Court of Pennsylvania decided against the adverse claimants, creating such a feeling of indignation and disappointment throughout the Northwest as has never been known since. This settled the business, so far as the Population Company were concerned, it being a State corporation, wholly composed of citizens of Pennsylvania. The Holland Land Company, being a.

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HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY.

foreign concern, brought their action in the United States Circuit Court, where the decision was precisely like that of the State Supreme Court. It was ap- pealed to the Supreme Court of the United States, where the other courts were fully sustained in an opinion rendered by Chief Justice Marshall in 1805. In each instance, the clause of the act of 1792, providing that warrantees should not lose their rights if driven away by the enemies of the United States, was cited as the basis of the decision.

This result settled the dispute for good. There being no further questions of title, the county began to fill up rapidly. Some of the adverse settlers left in disgust and despair, but the majority entered into arrangements with the companies to purchase the land which they had improved. The. Population Company generally treated its grantees with commendable liberality, and in- stances occurred where parties were allowed forty years in which to pay up their articles.

THE SPECULATION OF 1836.

The most extensive land speculation known in Erie County took place in 1836, being confined mainly to the borough of Erie and vicinity. It grew out of the important internal improvements conceived and set in operation about that time, added to a tremendous over-issue of paper money. The canal to Beaver had been surveyed, a charter had been granted for the railroad to Sun- bury, and considerable work had been done by the United States Government in building piers and deepening the harbor. A widespread impression sprung up that Erie was speedily destined to become a great city. The charter of the United States Bank at Philadelphia expired in 1836. In the spring of that year, the State Legislature chartered the United States Bank of Pennsylvania with a capital of $35,000,000. This institution established a branch at Erie, erecting the present custom house and the Woodruff residence adjoining, for a banking office and cashier's residence. The stock of the Erie branch, amount- ing to $200,000, was announced as having been taken on the 27th of February, 1836.

All of these matters combined gave an extraordinary impulse to real estate in the borough of Erie. On the receipt of tidings that the canal and bauk bills had passed, the price of town lots jumped up 100 per cent. In a single week the sales of real estate amounted to over half a million dollars. Prices were still rising on the 1st of March, and the total sales during the week were re- ported as a million and a half in amount. One lot, purchased in February for $10,000, was resold in Buffalo within a month for $50,000. Every sort of wild enterprise was devised and found eager promoters. The speculation lasted until 1837, when the banks failed throughout the Union, causing a ter- rible revolution. As late as June 11 of that year, twelve water lots, of thirty- two feet front each, changed hands at $40,000. "The mania for speculation attacked all classes, and men bought and sold with almost wanton recklessness, finally bringing woe upon those in whose hands the property remained when the bubble burst. Some of these unfortunate persons never recovered from that catastrophe. Of course many profited by the speculation and got rich. On the whole, however, the general prosperity of the country, and of this county in particular, was severely retarded."

John Mattraith

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HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY.

CHAPTER XII.

THE PIONEERS.

T' THE first known American citizens who located permanently within the bounds of Erie County were Thomas Rees and John Grubb, who reached Erie in the spring of 1795, the one as Deputy Surveyor for the State, and the other as a Captain of militia, and remained until their deaths. In June of the same year, William Miles and William Cook, with their wives, made a settlement in Concord Township, near the Crawford County line, where they were the sole residents for some years. A month or so later, Col. Seth Reed, accompanied by his wife and sons, Manning and Charles John, came to Erie in a sail boat from Buffalo, which was piloted by James Talmadge, who took up lands during the season in Mckean Township. These three ladies were the first white persons of their sex who were known to have resided in the county. The other set- tlers during 1795 were Rufus S. and George W. Reed, James Baird and children, Mrs. Thomas Rees, and Mrs. J. Fairbanks, at Erie; Amos Judson, James Naylor, Lieut. Martin, and Martin Strong, at Waterford; John W. Russell, George Moore and David McNair, in Mill Creek; Capt Robert King and family, William and Thomas Black, and Thomas Ford and wife, in Le- Bœuf; Jonathan Spaulding in Conneaut; Michael Hare and two men named Ridue and Call, in Wayne; James and Bailey Donaldson in North East, and James Blair in Girard. So far as the records show, these were the only white people living in the county that year, though a good many persons were tem- porarily here during the season, prospecting for lands. Among the settlers during the interval between 1795 and 1800 were the following:

1796-Washington Township, Alexander Hamilton and William Culbert- son; Erie, Capt. Daniel Dobbins; Mill Creek, Benjamin Russell, Thomas P. Mil- ler, David Dewey, Anthony Saltsman and John McFarland; Greenfield, Judah Colt, Elisha and Enoch Marvin, Cyrus Robinson, Charles Allen, Joseph Berry, John Wilson, James Moore, Joseph Webster, Philo Barker, Timothy Tuttle, Silas and William Smith, Joseph Shattuck, John Daggett, John Andrews and Leverett Bissell; Mckean, Thomas and Oliver Dunn; Fairview, Francis Scott, Summit, George W. Reed; North East, William Wilson, George and Henry Hurst, and Henry and Dyer Loomis; Springfield, Samuel Holliday, John Devore, John Mershom, William McIntyre and Patrick Ager; Venango, Adam and James Reed, Burrill and Zalmon Tracy; Waterford, John Lytle, Robert Brotherton, John Lennox and Thomas Skinner.

1797-Waterford. John Vincent aud Wilson Smith; Wayne, Joseph Hall and - Prosser; Union, Hugh Wilson, Andrew Thompson, Matthew Gray, Francis B. and Robert Smith; Elk Creek, Eli Colton; Venango, Thomas, John and David Phillips; Springfield, Oliver Cross; Fairview, Thomas Forster, Jacob Weiss, George Nicholson, John Kelso, Richard Swan, Patrick Vance, Patrick and John McKee, Jeremiah and William Sturgeon and William Hag- gerty; LeBœuf, Francis Isherwood, James, Robert and Adam Pollock; Con- neaut, Col. Dunning McNair; Mill Creek, John Nicholson, the Mckees and Boe Bladen; Washington, Job Reeder, Samuel Galloway, Simeon Dunn, John and James Campbell, Matthias Sipps, Phineas McLenethan, Matthew Hamil- ton, John McWilliams, James, John, Andrew and Samuel Culbertson, and

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HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY.

Mrs. Jane Campbell (widow); North East, Thomas Robinson, Joseph McCord, James McMahon, Margaret Lowry (widow), James Duncan, Francis Brawley and Abram and Arnold Custard; Harbor Creek, William Saltsman, Amasa Prindle and Andrew Elliott.

1798-Erie, William Wallace; Wayne, William Smith and David Find- ley; Union, Jacob Shephard, John Welsh, John Fagan and John Wilson; Elk Creek, George Haybarger and John Dietz; Venango, William Allison and wife; Springfield, Nicholas LeBarger; Fairview, John Dempsey; Conneaut, Abiathar and Elihu Crane; Washington, Peter Kline; Girard, Abraham and William Silverthorn; North East, Thomas Crawford, Lemuel Brown, Henry and Matthew Taylor, William Allison, Henry Burgett, John, James and Matthew Greer; Waterford, Aaron Himrod.

1799-Waterford, John, James and David Boyd, Capt. John Tracy, M. Himebaugh, John Clemens, the Simpsons, and Lattimores; Erie, John Teel; McKean, Lemuel and Russell Stancliff; Summit, Eliakim Cook.

It is not claimed that the above is a complete list of the settlers up to 1800, but it is as nearly full as can now be obtained. Emigration was slow the first five years in consequence of the land troubles. After 1800, the coun- ty commenced to fill up more rapidly, and to attempt to give a roll of the set- tlers would exceed the limits of a work like this.

WHERE THE PEOPLE CAME FROM.

The early settlers were mainly New Englanders and New Yorkers, inter- spersed with some Irish from the southern counties of Pennsylvania, and a few persons of Pennsylvania Dutch descent. The New Yorkers were in gen- eral from the interior of the State, and the Pennsylvanians from Dauphin, Cumberland, Lancaster and Northumberland Counties. The Irish emigration fell off almost entirely in a few years, and the Pennsylvania Dutch took its place. The Riblets, Ebersoles, Loops, Zucks, Browns, Stoughs, Zimmermans, Kreiders, and others of that class, came in at a period ranging from 1801 to 1805. From that time, the people who settled in the county were almost uni- versally of New England and New York origin until about 1825, when another emigration of Pennsylvania Dutch set in, which continued until 1835 or thereabouts. Among those who located in the county during this period were the Weigels, Warfels, Mohrs, Metzlers, Bergers, Brennemans, Charleses and others whose names are familiar. The later foreign element began to come in at a comparatively recent date-the Irish about 1825, and the Germans about ten years after.

The first settlers were a hardy, adventurous race of men, and their wives were brave, loving and dutiful women. It was to their superior intelligence and determined energy that we owe the fact that the county is so far ahead of many others in the State in schools, churches and all that goes to make up the comforts and afford the consolations of life.

MARRIAGES, BIRTHS AND DEATHS.

The earliest marriage was that of Charles J. Reed, of Walnut Creek (Kearsage), to Miss Rachel Miller, which occurred on December 27, 1797. The second was that of William Smith to Miss Elizabeth Wilson, in Union Township, in 1799; the third, that of Job Reeder to Miss Nancy Campbell, in Washington Township, in 1800; and the fourth, that of Thomas King to Sarah Wilson, in Union, the same year.

The earliest recorded births were as follows:

John R., son of William Black, in Fort LeBœuf, August 29, 1795.

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HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY.

Mr. Boardman, of Washington Township (recently deceased), claimed to have been born in the Conneauttee Valley the same year.

Jane, daughter of William Culbertson, Edinboro, fall of 1797.

David M. Dewey, Walnut Creek, December 15, 1797.

Matilda Reed, Walnut Creek, 1798.

Elizabeth Holliday, Springfield, May 14, 1798.

Hannah Talmadge, Mckean, 1798.

William Dunn, Summit, March 14, 1798.

Henry Wood, Conneaut, 1798.

Elizabeth and Ruth, daughters of the brothers Abiathar and Elihu Crane, Conneaut (both in the same house and on the same day), April 20, 1799. William E. McNair, Mill Creek, 1799.

Robert, son of William Allison, Venango 1799.

William Bladen, Mill Creek, 1800.

Edwin J. Kelso, Mill Creek, 1800.

Sarah, daughter of Amasa Prindle, Harbor Creek, 1799.

Katharine, daughter of Aaron Himrod, Waterford, 1799.

Joseph Brindle, Springfield, March 1, 1800.

Mrs. George A. Elliot, Girard, 1800.

William Nicholson, Fairview, 1800.

Martha, daughter of Hugh Wilson, Union, August 18, 1800.

John W., son of William Smith, Wayne, 1800.

John A. Culbertson, Washington, 1800.

The earliest known deaths occurred in the years below:

Ralph Rutledge, killed by the Indians at Erie, May 29, 1795. His son was fatally shot at the same time, and died shortly after, in the fort at LeBœuf. Gen. Anthony Wayne, in the block house at Erie, December 15, 1796. Col. Seth Reed, Walnut Creek, March 19, 1797.

John Wilson, Union, June, 1799.

Mrs. Thomas Alexander, Conneaut, 1801.

Mrs. William Culbertson, Washington, 1804.

Adam Reed, Venango, 1805.

John Gordon, Fairview, 1806.

CONDITION OF THE PEOPLE, ETC.

Most of the people were in moderate circumstances, and were content to live in a very cheap way. A majority had to depend mainly on the produce of their little clearings, which consisted to a large extent of potatoes and corn. Mush, corn bread and potatoes were the principal food. There was no meat except game, and often this had to be eaten without salt. Pork, flour, sugar and other groceries sold at high prices, and were looked upon as luxuries. In 1798-99, wheat brought $2.50 per bushel; flour, $18 a barrel; corn, $2; per bushel; oats, $1.50; and potatoes, $1.50. Prices were still higher in 1813-14, corn being $4 per bushel and oats, $3. The mills were far apart, the roads scarcely more than pathways through the woods, and the grists had to be carried in small quantities on the backs of men or horses. Few families had stoves, and the cooking was done almost entirely over open fires. The beds were without springs and were made up in general by laying coarse blankets upon boxes or rude frames. All clothing was home made. Every house had a spinning wheel, and many were provided with looms. Liquor was in common use, and there was seldom a family without its bottle for the comfort of the husband and the entertainment of his guests.

The first buildings were low cabins constructed of unhewn logs laid one

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upon another with the crevices filled up with mud. These gave way, as the condition of the people improved, to more artistic structures of hewn timber in which mortar was substituted for mud. Hardly any were plastered. Many were without window glass, and wall paper was unknown. As saw mills in- creased, frame buildings of a better character were substituted for the log cab. ins, and occasionally a brick or stone structure was erected, which was talked about in all the country round as a marvel of architecture. The people were separated by long distances; for years there were few clearings that joined. In every house there was an immense fire-place, in which tremendous amounts of wood were consumed. When a new residence or barn was to be erected, the neighbors were invariably invited to the raising. On such occasions, liquor or cider was expected to be freely dispensed, and it was rarely the case that the invitations were declined. These raisings were the merry-making events of the day, and generally brought together twenty-five to fifty of the settlers, who worked hard, drank freely, and flattered themselves when they were through that they bad experienced a jolly good time. A writer in one of the local papers says:

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History of Erie county, Pennsylvania. Containing a history of the county; its townships, towns, villages schools, churches, industries, etc, Part 30

Author: Bates, Samuel P. (Samuel Penniman), 1827-1902; Whitman, Benjamin, 1940-; Russell, N. W. (Nathaniel Willard); Brown, R. C. (Robert C.); Weakley, F. E; Warner, Beers & Co. (Chicago, Ill.) Publication date: 1884 Publisher: Chicago : Warner, Beers & co. Number of Pages: 1280

Author: Bates, Samuel P. (Samuel Penniman), 1827-1902; Whitman, Benjamin, 1940-; Russell, N. W. (Nathaniel Willard); Brown, R. C. (Robert C.); Weakley, F. E; Warner, Beers & Co. (Chicago, Ill.)
Publication date: 1884
Publisher: Chicago : Warner, Beers & co.
Number of Pages: 1280