History of Erie county, Pennsylvania. Containing a history of the county; its townships, towns, villages schools, churches, industries, etc, Part 53

Author: Bates, Samuel P. (Samuel Penniman), 1827-1902; Whitman, Benjamin, 1940-; Russell, N. W. (Nathaniel Willard); Brown, R. C. (Robert C.); Weakley, F. E; Warner, Beers & Co. (Chicago, Ill.)
Publication date: 1884
Publisher: Chicago : Warner, Beers & co.
Number of Pages: 1280

USA > Pennsylvania > Erie County > History of Erie county, Pennsylvania. Containing a history of the county; its townships, towns, villages schools, churches, industries, etc > Part 53

Note: The text from this book was generated using artificial intelligence so there may be some errors. The full pages can be found on Archive.org (link on the Part 1 page).

John Ross, West Springfield, practice since 1860.

O. O. Blakeslee, West Springfield, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Baltimore, 1882.

Ranson C. Sloan, East Springfield, Buffalo Medical College, 1869.

EDINBORO.

George M. Cole, Eclectic College of Cincinnati, 1881.

Willard Greenfield, practice for twenty-eight years.

Truman Hawkins, Medical Department of Western Reserve University, 1850.

S. B. Hotchkiss, Bellevue Hospital Medical College, New York City, 1871. Henry R. Terry. Jefferson Medical College Philadelphia, 1863.

Joseph C. Wilson, Starling Medical College, Columbus, Ohio, 1851.

Frank G. Greenfield, Miami Medical College, Cincinnati, Ohio, March 1882

MILL VILLAGE.

William P. Biles, Eclectic Medical Institute of Cincinnati, 1879.

John H. Kirk, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 1875.

G. W. Wilson, practice since 1860.

John J. Sharp, University of the City of New York, March 3, 1883.

OTHER LOCALITIES.

H. R. Hayes, Amity Township, practice since 1861.

J. L. Bennett, East Greene, practice for twenty one years.

Johnson Wright, Franklin Township, Homoeopathic Hospital College, Cleveland, 1873.

Barker A. Skinner, Elgin, University of Wooster, 1878.

George Wright, Lockport, Homoeopathic Hospital College, Cleveland, 1871.

W. V. Blakeslee, Concord Township, practice since 1846.

M. B. Cook, Harbor Creek, Cleveland Medical College, 1877.

James G. Leffingwell, Miles Grove, Michigan University, Ann Arbor, 1873. M. M. Moore, Wesleyville, practice since 1852.

Martin V. B. Johnson, Wellsburg, Medical College of Ohio, Cincinnati, 1865.

W. L. Shawk, Harbor Creek, Western Reserve University of Ohio, Febru- ary, 1883.

Mary Steward, Wellsburg, University of Medicine and Surgery, Philadel- phia, 1878.

Charles G. Miller, Harbor Creek, practice " since before 1871."

OTHER MATTERS.

The first Erie County Medical Society was organized in 1829, with the following officers: President, William Johns; Vice President, A. Thayer; Secretary. F. W. Miller; Treasurer, A. Beebe; Censors, J. Smedley, Jacob Vosburg, A. N. Molton.

The present Medical Society of Erie County was established in 1841, and has the same organization as the old society. Its regular meetings are held on the third Tuesdays of January, April, July and October.

451

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY.

DENTISTS.

The earliest dentist of whom we can learn was a traveling man who stopped in Erie for a short time in 1826. He made a set of false teeth for the wife of Rev. Dr. Whallon, who was the first woman in the county to enjoy that sort of a luxury. A dentist by the name of O. N. Sage practiced in Erie several years. The first permanent dentist was Dr. O. N. Elliott, who settled in Erie about 1840. The next was Dr. W. E. Magill. Both of these gentleman are still in practice in the city.

The dentists of the county who have registered under the Act of the Gen- eral Assembly, passed April 17, 1876, and amended May 17, 1883, are given in the following list:

F. H. Abell, practiced in Erie (except for eight months in 1878) for the past sixteen years.

Henry B. Blair, Corry, practiced twenty-six years.

F. H. Lawrence, Uniou City, practiced nine years.

W. E. Magill, Erie, practiced twenty years.

J. H. Devore, diploma of the Philadelphia Dental College.

Andrew McPherson, Erie, practiced eight years.

T. J. Elliott, Erie, practiced eight years.

L. Essick, Erie, practiced twenty years.

George B. McDonald, diploma from the Philadelphia Dental College.

G. F. McDonald, Girard, practiced nine years.

O. L. Elliott, Erie, practiced thirty-six years.

Perry A. Gibson, diploma from the State University of Iowa.

V. D. Gibson, Edinboro, practiced twelve years.

J. H. Gifford, East Springfield, practiced ten years.

Lamer Battles, diploma from the University of Pennsylvania.

G. J. Mead, Erie, practiced fifteen years.

E. R. Allen, Girard, practiced nineteen years.

J. H. Nelson, North East, practiced fourteen years.

M. C. Burgess, Erie, practiced eleven years.

C. H. Harvey, Erie, practiced fifteen years.

S. R. Bryant, Waterford, practiced fifteen years.

Frank C. Callaghan, diploma from the Indiana Dental College.

T. D. Ingersoll, Erie, practiced ten years.

Edward E. Gifford, Corry, practiced nineteen years.

CHAPTER XXIV.

SCHOOLS, ACADEMIES, ETO.

TN founding the colony of Pennsylvania, William Penn declared that wis- dom and virtue "must be carefully propagated by a virtuous education of youth." To make this precept more emphatic, he provided in his frame of Government for the infant commonwealth that the Governor and Council should "erect and order public schools." The wise example of the founder was followed by the heroes of the Revolution, in framing the Constitution of 1776, with a requirement that "a school or schools shall be established in each county." The Constitution of 1790 went still further by declaring that the Legislature might provide for the establishment of schools throughout the

452

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY.

State " in such manner that the poor may be taught gratis." Notwithstand- ing these noble declarations, little progress toward the schooling of the masses was effected until a comparatively recent period. Generous endowments were made by the State to colleges and academies, but the idea of "common schools," open alike to rich and poor, and supported at the public expense by a system of equal taxation, was slow in winning the approval of property owners. "Pay schools," in which the children were trained for a moderate compensation, were common, however, almost every district having one or more, according to its population. The primary schools in Erie County, up to 1834, were all of this character.

As early as 1821, Gov. Heister, in his message to the Legislature, declared it to be "an imperative duty to introduce and support a liberal system of edu- cation, connected with some general religious instruction." Gov. Shultze's message to the Legislature of 1827 contained this passage: "Among the injunctions of the Constitution, there is none more interesting than that which enjoins it as a duty on the Legislature to provide for the education of the poor throughout the commonwealth." In 1828, the same executive stated in his annual message that he could not forbear from "again calling attention to the subject of public education. To devise means for the establishment of a fund and the adoption of a plan by which the blessings of the more necessary branches of education should be conferred on every family within our borders would be every way worthy the Legislature of Pennsylvania."

The first practical step in the direction of a common school system for Pennsylvania was taken when George Wolf, of Northampton County, was elected Governor in 1829. The question of public schools entered largely into the canvass preceding his election, and the Democratic leaders were generally pledged to some sort of a measure for the purpose. In a speech delivered during the campaign, James Buchanan said: "If ever the passion of envy could be excused in a man ambitious of true glory, he might almost be justified in envying the fame of that favored individual, whoever he may be, whom Providence intends to make the instrument in establishing common schools throughout the commonwealth." Gov. Wolf's inaugural address took strong ground in favor of the education of the masses, and the Legislature of 1830, in accordance with his recommendation, set apart a sum of money to be placed at interest and used at some future period in establishing a common school system. This did not satisfy the Governor, who was one of the most progres- sive men of his day, and he continued to urge the free school idea until the passage of the act of 1834-35. The original law made it optional with each township, ward and borough to adopt the system.

Strange as it may seem, there was violent opposition to the measure in some parts of the State. The persons interested in colleges, academies and pay schools objected to it through fear of a loss to their revenues; the wealthy and the snobbish disliked it because they did not want their children to mix with the "vulgar herd;" the penurious dreaded an increase of taxation; and a hundred objections were urged that seem too absurd now for any reasonable person ever to have believed. At the ensuing session, a motion for the repeal of the law was offered by John Strohm, of Lancaster County, and eloquently opposed by Thaddeus Stevens, then a Representative from Adams. Mr. Stevens closed his remarks with this thrilling sentence: "If the opponent of education were my most intimate personal and political friend, and the free school candidate my most obnoxious enemy, I should deem it my duty as a patriot, at this moment of our intellectual crisis, to forget all other considerations, and I should place myself unhesitatingly and cordially in the ranks of him whose

453

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY.

banner streams in light." Col. Forney used to relate that after this speech, Mr. Stevens visited the Executive Chamber by invitation of Gov. Wolf, when the latter " threw his arms about his neck, and, with tearful eyes and broken voice, thanked him for the great service he had rendered to our common humanity." The bill was saved, but was improved and made more acceptable during the administration of Gov. Ritner, who succeeded Gov. Wolf. Proba- bly no one man did more effective service in building up the system than Thomas H. Burrowes, who was Gov. Ritner's Secretary of State, and, as such, official head of the School Department. During Ritner's administration the annual State appropriation was increased from $75,000 to $400,000, and the number of schools to 5,000.

The act passed in 1849 made the adoption of the system obligatory through- out the State. The law of 1854, providing for County Superintendents, teachers' examinations, and other important measures, was prepared by Hon. H. L. Dieffenbach, of Clinton County, acting head of the School Department, with the assistance of Gov. Bigler and Secretary of State Charles A. Black. After that came the normal school act of 1857, making a complete system, and giving to Pennsylvania the proud and conceded pre-eminence of having the best school laws in the Union.

THE COUNTY SCHOOLS.

For several years after the county was established, the population was too small and sparse to sustain more than a few schools. These were wholly pri- vate, parents paying the teachers a stated sum for each of their children who attended. The first school of which a record can be found was established in Waterford about 1800; at Manchester in Fairview Township in 1804; at Erie in 1806; at Union in 1820, and at Phillipsville in 1828. Others were opened at an early date, on Federal Hill, within the present limits of Erie; on the Joseph Eagley place in Springfield; and, through the agency of Charles J. Reed, iu Mill Creek Township. The earliest school buildings in Waterford and Erie were erected in 1800 and 1806 respectively, being built by the free con- tributions of the citizens. By 1812, almost every village and township had one or more " pay " schools. These were increased by degrees so that when the law of 1834 went into force it found every district fairly well supplied with educational facilities. The school buildings were generally put up by calling together the citizens interested, on a certain day, with their teams and wagons, to raise and cover the structure. They were built of logs in almost every instance, and were usually very poorly arranged and ventilated. The "schoolmasters, " as they were called, were plain men, who made no preten- sion to a knowledge of more than the rudimentary branches. They believed in the use of the rod, and applied it with vigor for every small offense. A ready knowledge of "the three R's"-Readin', 'Ritin and 'Rithmetic- was all that was supposed to be necessary for the average boy and girl.

SCHOOL BOOKS, ETC.

The school books most universally used in the beginning were Webster's and Byerly's Spelling Books, the English Reader and Daboll's Arithmetic. The teacher was expected to be a good penman and to be able to "set the copy " himself. There were no rules for writing, and the pupil was obliged to follow, as nearly as he could, the handwriting of the master. A better class of books came in at a later date, including Cobb's Spelling Book, Goodrich's, Parley's and Mitchell's Geographies; Parley's and Mitchell's Histories; the First, Second and Third Readers; Smith's Grammar, and Davies' Arithmetics.

454

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY.

If the children of this generation wish to know something of the hardships through which their parents struggled to get a little book knowledge, let them hunt up some of the old works here named, if they can be found, and com- pare them with the ones now in use. Cobb's Spelling Book was introduced into this section in 1827. The copyright for one-half of the State of Pennsylva- nia was purchased by Joseph M. Sterrett and Oliver Spafford, who published the work in Erie for many years, realizing a snug profit from the enterprise. Mr. Spafford at one time also published the "English Reader."

Erie County was one of the foremost in taking advantage of the common school law. The act required that the directors of each county should meet annually in convention with the County Commissioners and determine the amount of school tax to be raised. The first convention for this purpose was held in the court house soon after the passage of the law, and was attended by representatives from every district in the county. A levy of $2,000 was voted unanimously, and the people were requested to decide by vote whether an addi- tional sum should be raised in the several districts. The directors in each dis- trict were authorized to levy a tax in addition to the county appropriation, but it would seem from the above action that they had a delicacy about exercising their power without consulting the tax-payers-an example that is commended to the imitation of some officials of the present day. An extra tax of $1,000 was voted in Erie, the active spirits in having it done being E. Babbitt, George Kellogg, Dr. William Johns and William Kelly. In a few years, the law was changed so as to leave the amount of tax to be designated by the directors of the several districts, in which shape it still remains.

The first convention for the choice of a County Superintendent was held in Erie in 1854. William H. Armstrong was elected at a salary of $800 per year.

SPELLING SCHOOLS.

The spelling school was a once popular institution, in both town and country. As usually conducted, the pupils of the district school would assem- ble on some winter evening and choose two of the best spellers for leaders, who, in turn, would select from six to a dozen others on each side. These would range themselves in standing rows on opposite sides of the building, and the teacher or some other competent person would give out the words to be spelled from a book that had been agreed upon. The pupil who missed a word had to take his seut immediately, and the exercise continued until but one of the contestants remained upon the floor, who became the hero of the occasion. Sometimes half a dozen spelling matches would occur in an evening. Two neighboring schools would often meet in rivalry, and the event would be the talk of the neighborhood for a month or so. In many districts, the spelling school was the regular winter amusement, old and young attending, and all looking forward to the evening with an interest that cannot be described. The spelling match was not the only kind of a match that grew out of this custom, as many worthy fathers and mothers will testify.

ACADEMIES, ETC.

While the State was slow in adopting the common school system, the liber- ality she displayed in founding colleges and academies proves that it was wholly through doubts of its policy, and not because good educational facilities were not appreciated. Provision was made at an early day for an academy in each county, and generous appropriations were made to colleges and universities. The Waterford and Erie Academies were incorporated in 1811 and 1817 re- spectively, the buildings for both being completed in 1822. A bountiful

455

HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY.

donation of lands was given by the State for the support of each institution and both are still in operation.

The Erie Female Seminary was incorporated in 1838 and went into opera- tion soon after, receiving an annual appropriation of $300 from the Legisla- ture for several years. It kept up till about 1866, but never had any buildings of its own. The last location of the seminary was in the Hamot House, on the bank of the bay, at the foot of State street.

Academies were established at West Springfield in 1853, at East Spring- field in 1856, at Girard in 1859, and at North Springfield in 1866, which were conducted for some years with a certain degree of success. All except the one at North Springfield have become merged into the common school system.

The Normal School at Edinboro is the only State educational institution in the county. It was founded as an Academy in 1857, and re-organized as a State Normal School in 1861. This school has been quite prosperous for the past ten years, and has the promise of a long and useful career.

The Lake Shore Seminary was established at North East in 1870. Liberal contributions were secured and a fine building was erected. The institution became involved, and the property was bought in at Sheriff's sale by the prin- cipal creditor. The latter, in 1880, sold the building to the Redemptionist Fathers, of Annapolis, Md., who re-dedicated it as St. Mary's College. It is conducted as a preparatory school for young men intending to enter the Cath- olic priesthood.

Fuller particulars of the above institutions will be found in the sketches of their respective localities.

GENERAL REMARKS.

To return to the common schools, they are under the control of directors, who are elected by the people of the several districts at the spring elections, a certain number going out each year. Each city, borough and township is a district by itself. There are three independent districts in the county, viz: Belle Valley, Elk Creek and Franklin, and Lake Pleasant. The State grants every district an annual appropriation, which is apportioned according to the number of pupils. Teachers are employed by the directors of the district in which they are to serve, but must have passed an examination and received a certificate of competency from the County Superintendent. The latter holds an annual examination in each district, and is expected to visit every school in the county once in each year. The following is a list of the County Superin- tendents since the adoption of the law creating the office:

William H. Armstrong, Wattsburg, 1854 to 1860. L. W. Savage, Spring- field, 1860 to 1863. D. P. Ensign, Erie, served six months in 1863, and re- signed. Julius Degmier, Erie, appointed for six months, and then elected to serve until 1866. L. T. Fisk, Girard, 1866 to 1869. C. C. Taylor, Elk Creek, 1869 to 1878. Charles Twining, Union, 1878 to 1884. Salary, $1,500.

The office of City Superintendent of the Schools of Erie has been filled since 1867 by H. S. Jones, whose salary in 1883 was $2,200. V. G. Curtis, City Superintendent of Corry, receives a salary of $1,600.

THE FOLLOWING TABULATED STATEMENT SHOWS THE RESULTS OF THE SYSTEM IN ERIE COUNTY DURING THE SCHOOL YEAR ENDING JUNE 5, 1882.

SCH'S.

TEACHERS.

SCHOLARS.

TAX AND RATE PER CENT.

RECEIPTS.

EXPENDITURES.

LIABILITIES.

Whole number.

moothe taught.

Number of males.

Number of females

Av. salary of males

Av. salary of fe-

Number of males.

Nomber of females

Av. number at-

Ay. per cent of

Cost per month.

Number of mills

school and build-

Total amount of

State sppropria-

cept State appro-

other sources.ex-

From taxes and all

Total receipts.

Cost of scboolbous-

Teschers' wages.

other expenses.

cles, fees of col-

Total expenditures.

Resources.

Liabilities.

Albion .

$45 00

$30 00

50 76

$895 20

$95 79

$538 82

$634 55

$35 15

$450 00

$47 55

$53

$129 33

2. Amity

15 00|

15 00

126

141

806 71

172 16

1,189 11

1,861 27

810 00

210 23

1,020 23

2. Belle Valley.

40 00

82 00

318 87

52 50

339 18

891 68

19 45

252 64

60 67

332 76

4. Cook, Cone'd

19 00

17 00

150

125

196

.50

1,514 91

218 18

2,015 92

2,265 10

819 18

1,098 80

807 51

1,725 49

599 61

88 00

36 64|

534

750

90!

10,918 83

1,120 24

18.4-12 30

19,562 51

1,365 28

7,047 00

5,099 55

13,511 83

$21,475 60

77 70

88 80

93 25

205

295

335 05

7,746 60

8.081 65

5,607 19

1,535 35

895 01

8,027 58

3,545 99

10. Elk Cr'k, Ind

28 00

14 00

3,136

1 03

61,413 98

5,757 84

56,609 71

72,267 55

11,170 98

40,516 55

17,925 41

69,612 94

8,480 64

12. Fairview bor

45 00

25 00

1 00

959 88

94 18

1,025 35

1,119 53

140 32

625 00

167 81

982 93

186 60

13. Fairvlew Tp.

20 62

165

226

2,366 40

314 20

3,261 58

3,575 78

85 26

2.862 49

448 46

8,896 21

179 57

14. Franklin ....

6.%

17 75

14 46

150

117

18.4

929 96

196 82

1,479 63

1,666 45

200 67

1.088 89

235 21

1,524 80

141 65

15. Girard bor .. .

70 00

105

110

180

351 151

140

147

184

286

1.50

1,744 11

2,254 18

2,572 16

729 09

889 18

787 81

2,956 08

110 08 ..

84 78

23. MeKean .....

19 00

15 00

164

134

163

.50

1,154 28

349 72

1,650 74

2.000 46

193 34

1,325 80

360 27

1,879 41

2,759 83

1,650 80

25. Mill Creek.

40 00

40 40

360

261

826

1 05

.50

5,893 58

572 82

6,592 87

7,165 19

1,585 00

4,426 86

1,145 78

7,157 14

16 95

26. Mill Village.

63%

25 00

23 33|

1.80

397 03

100 36

452 03

552 39

108 45

387 50

52 74

548 69

1,985 61

4,114 01

1,551 58

28. N. East Tp. .. 29. Pleasant fili

43 00

19 00

268

249

837

13 15

126

105

106

1,717 35

198 89

8.160 58

3,959 47

2,151 78

790 00

417 69

3,859 47

848 69

82. Union Tp. ... 13

25 00

17 50

154

150

205

1 11

2.50

1,688 42

976 88

2,644 97

8,621 85

693 00

1,876 00

719 91

3,288 91

832 04

35. Washington.

18 00

14 82

217

203

278

1.75

2,090 42

782 6G

2.160 17

2,942 83

725 14

1,542 28

462 25

2,729 57

213 16

86. Waterf'd bor

69 44

25 00

1,240 83

189 91

1,733 33

1,923 24

79 43

1,209 09

183 81

1,472 33

630 91

37. Waterf'd 'T'p.

24 00

23 00

247

193

281

8.50

2,943 091

436 20

3,491 90

3,928 10

994 62

2,196 15

600 31

3,791 09

137 01

88. Wattsburg ...

$5 00

24 00

809 95

90 30

1,047 78

1,187 88

92 35

889 36

222 05

1,203 76

115 88

39, Wayne ..

24 05

19 00

163

164

182

2,056 72

810 62

2,405 93

2,716 55

49 98

1,825 52

736 66

2,612 16

104 39

Total.

438

7.30

117

514

+37 06

$22 55

8,174

7,670 10,224

$0 75

2.89

.81

$195,070 87:

$17,224 25

$172,004 91

$189,229 16 $35,810 86 $97,148 56 $89,454 88

$172,409 25 7,863 69 $39,766 72

. .

...

30 00

18 50

280

2,813 46 `246 03

51 72

289 87

3.11 59

151 00

154 86

309 86

55 80

11. Erle ......

104

77 00)

93 65

2,370

2,288

148 29

87 36

120 09

32 50

262 36

291 86

122 00

88 14

160 14

185 17

9. Elk Creek ...

17 43

68 50

1,031 46

352 80;

1.149 79

1,502 59

199 72

.996 00

273 44

1,468 16

189 22

5. Couneaut ....

24 00

18 00

165

266

1.25

1,687 56

204 58

1,937 70

2,142 28

1,553 71

105 57

1,659 28

127 45

8. Elgin ,

males per month.

tending school.

tendsuce.

purposes.

levied for school

lag purposes.

levied for baild-

ing purposes.

tax levied for

tion.

priation.

ing, etc.

building,

es, purchasing,

lectors, sad all

Fuel,

DISTRICTS.

Av. comber of

per montb.

182

526

110

180

2,327 77

265 00

2,591 27

2,855 27

1,294 40

1,128 00

$94 96

2,817 86

$8 91

18. Greenfield ...

21 00

53 50

1,000 25

492 27

1,546 02

177 66

19. Harber Cr'k.

24 34

22 90 14 50

188 45

172 58

1.80

299 97

312 87

400 15

19 30

306 00

40 07

895 37

4 78

21. Le Beouf ....

20 00

15 00

238 38

40%

2.50

324 00

87 00

367 00

454 00

267 00

102 22

369 22

121 05

24. Middleboro ..

27 00|

16 50

2.50

47 87

2,787 47

2.785 34

2,258 09

210 00

261 24

2 5

70 00

80 75

151

190

188|

199

285

55 93

164 22 2,319 17

190 22

3,529 22

8,819 44

249 36

2,652 00

401 68

3,903 04

852 70

81. Summit ...

18 00

83. Union City ..

90 00|

22 49|

28 77 19 79

281 139

262

359

76 78

2.50 8

4,278 75

540 60

5,480 49

6,021 09

1,615 47

3,399 86

1,575 93

6.690 76

...

1.532 27

34. Venango ....

12%

1 5

26 60

3,752 70

572 82

4,194 04

4,766 86

1,904 49

2,197 88

689 50

4,791 87

609 01

17. Greene . ...

24 00

18 75

1.548 99

200 78

1,522 80

1,723 58

837 82

2,388 80

890 17

8,116 79

421 91

20. Lake Pl's'nt.

6 5

28 00

23 00

140

121

94 56

2,334 89|

355 12

3,188 53

3,538 70

565 22

1,330 0G

300 47

2,195 75

1 31

16. Girard Tp ...

7 7

275 162

285

90 85

65 84

1,691 29

174 47

2,022 69

2,197 06

80 00 25 00

17 00

22 00

13 2

22. Loekport ....

27. N. East bor.

2,699 86

298 76

5,463 72

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History of Erie county, Pennsylvania. Containing a history of the county; its townships, towns, villages schools, churches, industries, etc, Part 53

Author: Bates, Samuel P. (Samuel Penniman), 1827-1902; Whitman, Benjamin, 1940-; Russell, N. W. (Nathaniel Willard); Brown, R. C. (Robert C.); Weakley, F. E; Warner, Beers & Co. (Chicago, Ill.) Publication date: 1884 Publisher: Chicago : Warner, Beers & co. Number of Pages: 1280

Author: Bates, Samuel P. (Samuel Penniman), 1827-1902; Whitman, Benjamin, 1940-; Russell, N. W. (Nathaniel Willard); Brown, R. C. (Robert C.); Weakley, F. E; Warner, Beers & Co. (Chicago, Ill.)
Publication date: 1884
Publisher: Chicago : Warner, Beers & co.
Number of Pages: 1280