USA > Pennsylvania > Lancaster County > History of Lancaster and York Counties > Part 32
USA > Pennsylvania > York County > History of Lancaster and York Counties > Part 32
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Simultaneous with this movement, in the city, efforts were made with great success in various parts of the county, for the establishment of Classical and Mathematical academies, inde- pendently of those already existing at Litiz and Ephrata. Of these there are at this day, some of very high character and extensive reputation as Boarding schools. Among the most prominent, is "The Mountjoy Institute," at the village of Mountjoy, under the charge of J. H. Brown, Esq .- " The Strasburg Academy," at the village of Strasburg, under the direction of the Rev. Dr. McCarter-"The Paradise Academy,"
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under the care of Mr. Enos Stevens, and the Rev. Mr. Timlow's Academy, at Bellevue. The Columbia Academy is also re- spectable in character, but only as a Day School, where boys are taught the Latin and Greek languages-Mathematics, &c.
In this honorable provision for the mental improvement of the youth of the sterner-it must not be supposed that those of the softer-sex, have been ungenerously forgotten : Impress- ed with the importance of this great truth-that good mothers train up good sons, and that they-more than the fathers-form the characters of their children-the citizens of the city and county alike, have sought with commendable zeal, to secure. the services of able and competent teachers, whose attention,. should be devoted exclusively to the proper education of fe- males. As a result of these efforts-a Seminary has been established and is in successful operation in the city under the control of James Damant, Esq. which in point of standing and character is equal to any other in Pennsylvania. As a Board- ing School, the Young Ladies Seminary at Litiz has been already spoken of; and in addition to it, "The Young Ladies Lyceum Institute"-Rev. N. Dodge, A. M. Principal-located on the banks of the Chicquesalunga creek near the village of Mountjoy-is perhaps, as regards accommodations-kind attention to the wants of the pupils-facility for acquiring a competent and thorough knowledge of all the various branches and accomplishments taught at similar institutions, if not superior to, at least surpassed by none other in the country.
The civilization of any people is progressive, so also is their education. Habits inconsistent with the growth of the former, and tastes incompatible with the advance of the latter, are to be changed and overcome. Hence the transition is not nor can it ever be, either immediate or instantaneous. The move- ments are at first slow, gradual and confined to the few ; but as their benefits are extended, they become accelerated and penetrate into all the various strata of society. With regard to Lancaster county, this has been particularly so. At first, the inhabitants were content with schools conducted by teach- ers who would scarcely be tolerated by any community at the present day. But as we have already stated generally, in the commencement of this chapter, as they increased in pop- ulation and wealth, their tastes improved with their pecu-
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niary abilities and as a consequence, their schools advanced in character in an equal degree, so that they will now bear com- parison with those of any other community in the Union .- Born and bred as we were upon her soil, when we contem- plate the efforts of her citizens in the cause of Education, as they have been practically carried out in the establishment and liberal support of our Common and Sabbath schools, Lyceums-and Academies and Female Seminaries, we have abundant cause for gratulation, that our lot has been cast in such a land.
It has been said somewhere, by some one, that Pericles, who . succeeded Aristides, found the city of Athens of brick and left it of marble. Truly the Germans who first penetrated into and settled Lancaster county, have done more than this. They found it in its physical aspect, a wilderness-they left it to their children blooming as the rose, and they in turn with their descendants, have so improved the mental character of its people, that their light is seen and felt from afar off. Be the endeavor of this and succeeding generations, not only to maintain their present character, but to improve it still more ; and as they gather beneath the banner whereon is inscribed "the Education of all"-let there be one universal shout- EXCELSIOR !
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CHAPTER XII.
RELIGIOUS DENOMINATIONS-Early missionaries among the Conestoga and other Indians-The Mennonites-The Friends or Quakers-The Omish or Amish-The Episcopalians-The Presbyterians-The German Bap- tists-The German Seventh Day Baptists-The Lutherans-The German Reformed-The United Brethren or Moravians-The Roman Catholics --- The Methodist Episcopal-The New Jerusalem Church-The Evangeli- cal Association or " Abrecht's Leute " -- The Reformed Mennonites-The Universalists-The Seceders-The United Brethren or " Allgemeine Brueder"-The Church of God-The Calvanistic Baptists-The Mor- mons, &c.
IF diversity of creeds, or multiplicity of religious sects serve as a standard of deep toned piety and christian benevolence, then may the people of Lancaster county lay claim to a goodly share ; for there is no spot upon earth, with so limited a popu- lation and the same confined territory, that counts more de- nominations, than Lancaster. But with all this diversity, there are few, if any, irreligious controversies, that usually charac- terize bigots, among the inhabitants. Each seems to promote his own and his neighbor's welfare, and therewith appears content.
In this chapter we shall attempt a succinct sketch of the seve- ral religious denominations found in this county. We regret it, that only a few of the score of ministers whom we addressed to furnish religious statistics, have seen proper to comply .*
At an early period missionaries of the Swedish church visited the Indians, within the present limits of Lancaster county .-- The Friends also paid some attention to the Indians. As early
*For an accurate and impartial account of the history and doctrines of all the religious denominations in the United States, the reader is referred to a work entitled He Pasa Ecclesia, or the Whole Church in the United States; every article of the work quoted has been expressly written for it by eminent theological professors. ministers or distinguished lay members of each re- spective denomination. It is the only work extant that can be relied on as being impartial and authentic. Rupp, Clyde, Williams & Co., of Harris- burg, Pa., are the publishers. The work is in press.
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as 1705, Thomas Chalkley, an eminent preacher among the Quakers, visited the Indians living near Susquehanna, at Con- estoga, and preached to them. In 1708 or 1709, a Swedish Lu- theran, in the capacity of a missionary, resided among the Conestoga Indians, to instruct them in the christian religion.
THE MENNONITES .- In 1709, several families from the Pala- tinate, descendants of the distressed Swiss Mennonites settled on Pequea creek. With this colony came Hans Herr, a Men- nonite minister, who dispensed to them the word of life. The Mennonites were of course the first regularly organized de- nomination in the county. Among their first ministers in this county, before 1725, were Hans Herr, Ulrich Breckbill, Hans Tschantz, Hans Burkholter, Christian Herr, Benedict Hirschi, Martin Bear, Johannes Bauman. They had been very numer- ous till about the year 1791, or '92, when a certain Martin Boehm and others made inroads upon them, and a considera- ble number seceded and united themselves with the United Brethren or Vereinigte Brueder, nevertheless, they are still the prevalent denomination in this county. They have about forty-five ministers in the county. These are divided into bishops and ordinary ministers. The bishops at present are the Revds. Jacob Hostater, Jacob Zimmerman, 'Christian Herr, Henry Schenk, and Mr. Bomberger; among their ordinary teachers are the Revds. Daniel Gehman, Mr. Guth, Mr. Gehman, Tobias Warner, Mr. Sherick, Joseph Wenger, Jacob Weaver, Jacob Stauffer, Joseph Hershy, Joseph Horst, Jacob Hershy, Henry Breneman, Benjamin Herr, John Kreider, David Witmer, Mr. Staufer, Benjamin Eby, A. Brubaker, John Shenk, Andrew Kauffman, Christian Herr, Martin Mayer, Daniel Sterneman, John Hoover, Christian Kaufman, John Kindig, John Nissly, Christian Nissly, John Schlott, David Ebersole, Peter Ebersole, Mr. Brubecker and others whose names we have not learned.
These all preach in German. They have upwards of thirty- five meeting houses. Some of the congregations are large, numbering rising of two hundred members. The probable number of Mennonite church members, we think cannot be less than six thousand. As they keep no records of names, it is somewhat difficult to ascertain the exact number. Their forefathers all brought Bibles with them. We have seen within
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the last year, several of Froschauer's edition of the Swiss Bible, printed at Zurich, 1540, and still in a good state of pre- servation, with the Mennonites.
THE FRIENDS OR QUAKERS .- These are next in order to the Mennonites. They were very numerous about the years 1725 and 1730. Their meetings were well attended for a long time. In 1729, there were at least 1000 families of Friends in the county. They have since greatly diminished ; at present they have only 9 or 10 places of worship. There are two denomi- nations of them in the county-Orthodox and other Friends.
THE OMISH .- This society are Rigid Mennonites, not differing essentially from the Mennonites. At present, the chief differ- ence between the Omish and Mennonites, consists in the former being more simple in their dress, and more strict in their discipline. They settled in this county at an early date. They were numerous in 1735. Their number is comparatively small, having 5 or 6 ministers. They hold their religious meetings in private houses, founding this practice upon Acts I. 46.
THE EPISCOPALIANS .- Their ministers visited this county as early as 1717 or 1719. They were the first after the Mennon- ites and Quakers, to erect houses for religious worship. We could not obtain the names of their first ministers, except those who labored principally in the city of Lancaster. In 1744, the Episcopalians held a meeting at Lancaster, for the organiza- tion of a parish. The Rev. Richard Locke, an itinerant mis- sionary, was the first officiating minister. The following is the order in which others succeeded him : 1751, Rev. Geo. Craig ; 1759, Rev. Thomas Barton ; 1783, Rev. Joseph Hutchins ; 1791, Rev. Elisha Rigg ; 1799, Rev. Joseph Clarkson ; 1820, Rev. W. A. Muhlenberg became associated with the Rev. Clarkson; 1826, Rev. L. S. Ives ; 1827, Rev. Samuel Bowman, the present Rector .; besides him, two others officiate in the county : the Rev'ds Levi Bull and E. Y. Buchanan. They have 4 places of public worship in the county.
THE PRESBYTERIANS .- About the year 1717 a number of Scotch and Irish Presbyterians, settled in the Octorara region. Among their first ministers was the Rev. Adam Boyd, whe preached in Octorara in 1724. In 1726, Rev. Anderson received a call from the Donegal church. Rev. Alexander Craighead
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preached in Pequea in 1736. Rev. John Elder of Paxton, was or= dained in 1738; Rev. Dan'l Alexander was in Pequea 1739. The city was occasionally visited between the years 1745 and 1760. In 1769, the Rev. John Woodhull* became their regular min- ister in the borough of Lancaster. In 1779, the Rev. Nathaniel W. Semple was called, and was their pastor for 40 years ; in 1821, Rev. William Ashmead succeeded. These are in their order. In 1829, Rev. Richard Dickinson; 1834, Rev. J. T. Marshall Davie; 1840, Rev. John M'Nair. There are nine Presbyterian ministers residing in the county : Rev'ds M'Nair, Joseph Barr, Lindley C. Rutter, David M'Carter, T. Marshall Boggs, Philip J. Timlow, Alfred Nevin,, Robert W. Dunlap, John Wallace and Samuel Dickey. They have 15 churches.
THE GERMAN BAPTISTS .- A number of these settled in this county prior to 1721. They constituted a church in 1723, under the charge of Rev. Peter Becker. At first they increased rap- idly, but at present their number is small. They, like the Omish, meet in private houses to hold their religious meetings. They hold their meetings at some 12 or 15 different houses in the county, and in a few instances at school houses.
THE GERMAN SEVENTH-DAY BAPTISTS, or Sieben Taeger .- This society took its rise about the year 1724 or 1725. The founder was Conrad Beisel, who seceded from the German Baptists. This society flourished for many years at Ephrata, where is their only place of holding meetings in the county .- See pages 211, 233.
THE LUTHERANS .- Many of this denomination emigrated to Lancaster county before 1730. Missionaries visited the scat- tered brethren. Among these were, in 1731, 1732, &c. the Rev'ds C. J. Shultz, Casper Stoever, who also ministered as the first pastors of the Lutheran church in the city. The fol- lowing succeeded them : In 1740, Rev. T. Dylander, Swedish Rector of Philadelphia; 1741, Rev. Valentine Kraft; 1743, Rev. L. Nyberg; Rev. G. Nauman, Swedish Rector of Phila- delphia, preached occasionally in Lancaster, from 1746 to 1748; this year Rev. T. F. Handschuh preached till 1751. From 1751 to 1753, the congregation was successively served by the Rev'ds Tobias Wagner, England, H. B. G. Wortman. From 1753 to 1769, the Rev. Siegfried Gerock ; from the latter
*See page 367.
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period, the congregation was visited by the Rev'ds Dr. Henry Melchoir Muhlenberg, E. Shultz, N. Kurtz and others, for a short time ; when the Rev. J. C. Helmuth, late fron Europe, was called and continued till 1779; in 1780, Rev. H. Muhlen- berg, son of Dr. H. M. Muhlenberg, took charge of the con- gregation, and was their pastor till 1815, when Rev. Dr. C. En- dress succeeded him and continued till 1827. The present pastor, the Rev. Dr. J. C. Baker, took charge of the congrega- tion in 1828. Besides Dr. Baker's church, there is another in the city, exclusively German, under the pastoral care of the Rev. W. Beates.
There are at present seven Lutheran ministers residing in the county : Dr. John C. Baker, Rev'ds W. Beates, J. J. Strein, S. Trumbauer, C. G. Frederick, C. Barnitz and L. Gerhart .- They have 27 places of public worship. Here we would add the names of the Rev'ds A. C. Muhlenberg, Schroeter, Yung, Ernst, Scriba, Riemenschneider, Rothrauff, Bernheim, Sahm and Mueller, all of whom had charge of congregations at dif- ferent times.
THE GERMAN REFORMED .- In the beginning of 1700, a number of Reformed came to the province of Pennsylvania. The Ferrees, members of the Reformed Walloon church of Pelican, in the Lower Palatinate, left Europe for America, and settled in this county about the year 1712 .* With the Ferrees, Isaac Le Lever came to this county and brought with him his French Bible, which is still preserved by his descendants as a. precious relic.
As early as 1717 or 1718, the Rev. P. Boehm of Witpen, one of the oldest German Reformed preachers, had charge of a German Reformed church. Rev. Boehm, the Rev. G. M. Weiss, who had charge of a congregation in Philadelphia, about the year 1724, and the Rev. H. Dorstius of Bucks county, occasionally visited the pastorless German Reformed who had settled in this county prior to 1729.
In 1727, a large number of Germans, among whom were many German Reformed, came into this county : these were the Dieffenderfer's and others, whose number was augmented in 1731 by the arrival of the Bushongs,f Nehs, Schwartz,.
*See pages 308 and 20.
{See page 271.
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Mentz, and the Rev. J. B. Rieger, who had charge for many years of German Reformed congregations in this county, among others was " Seltenreich's Kirche," near New Holland. In 1730 or 1731, the Rev. Jobn Peter Miller; ordained by the Scotch Presbyterian Synod, in I730, visited German Reformed congregations at Cocalico and Tulpehocken. About this time several congregations were organized, one at Lancaster, and in other parts of the county. In 1743, there was one formed at "Modecrick," near Adamstown. However, there was a great and general destitution of pious and qualified pastors in this branch of the church till the middle of the last century. In 1746, the Rev. Michael Schlatter, of St. Gall, in Switzerland, in consequence of information he had received of the destitute condition of the German Reformed churches, left his pastoral charge, and having received a regular appointment and re- commendation, visited the churches in Pennsylvania, and while in the discharge of this duty, visited those in Lancaster county. Besides the visits paid them by the Rev. Schlatter, the Rev'ds Folk, Loescher, Waldsmith, Deckert, Fuetzmiller, Wittner, Templeman and others ministered occasionally in spiritual things among the German Reformed. The Rev'ds J. C. Bucher, W. Runkel, W. Stoy and others labored in vari- ous parts of the county prior to the Revolution. In the Co- calico charge, now principally under the pastoral care of the Rev. Daniel Hertz, the Rev'ds Gobrecht, Hautz, Wilhelms, Charles Helffenstein, Faber, A. Herman ; and since 1819, the Rev. Hertz, labored from time to time. The Rev. Henry Schaffner of Marietta, had, for rising of thirty years, a number of congregations in charge. The Rev. Hiester also had charge of several congregations.
The congregation in the city, at an early period, was occa- sionally served by the Rev'ds Hoch, Rieger, Hochreutner, Steiner, Schlatter and others. In 1752, the Rev. W. Otterbein took charge of it. The Rev. Stoy was a supply for a short time, and so was the Rev. L. C. Boehm. In 1779 the Rev. A. Helffenstein was called; in 1782 the Rev. W. Hendel; in 1795 the Rev. Becker; in 1806 the Rev. Hoffmeier; in 1832 the Rev. Brunner; in 1840 the present pastor, the Rev. G. W. Glessner, was called. The Rev'ds Weiler and Hoff heins have
*See page 226.
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charge of congregations. The German Reformed have twenty places of public worship, and if they had a competent · number of efficient ministers, might easily organize ten or fifteen congregations in a few years. Here is a large field for home missionary enterprize.
THE UNITED BRETHREN OR MORAVIANS .- This denomination is essentially missionary in their operations ; and as early as 1742, several congregations were organized in this county. In 1742, count Zinzendorff, the apostle of the American Mora- vians, visited Lancaster. In 1746 they held a provincial council in the town of Lancaster. At Litiz they have a large commu- nity .* The following ministers have presided over the congre- gation at Lancaster: 1746, Rev. L. T. Nyberg ; 1748, Rev'ds L. Schnell and R. Ultey ; 1749, Rev. A. Reinke, sen. ; 1751, Rev. G. Weiser; 1753, Rev'ds C. Rauch and A. Wagner; 1754, Rev. O. Krogstrup; 1755, Rev'ds C. Bader and C. F. Oerter; 1756, Rev. A. L. Rusmyer; 1757, Rev. C. G. Rundt; 1758, Rev'ds Rundt, Rusmyer and Bader; 1753, Rev. C. Bader; 1762, Rev. A. L. Rusmyer; 1766, Rev. A. Langgaard; 1773, Rev. O. Krogstrup; 1785, Rev. L. F. Bochler ; 1786, Rev. J. Herbst; 1791, Rev. A. Reinke, jr .; 1795, Rev. L. Huebner; 1800, Rev. J. M. Beck; 1803, Rev. A. Reinke, jr. ; 1806, Rev. J. M. Beck ; 1810, Rev. C. Mueller; 1819, Rev. S. Reinke ; 1823, Rev. Peter Wolle ; 1826, Rev. J. G. Herman ; 1829, Rev. C. F. Reinhel ; 1834, Rev. C, A. Vanvleck ; 1835, Rev. S. Reinke; 1839, Rev. George F. Bahnson, present pastor.
THE ROMAN CATHOLICS .- A church, by this denomination was organized about the year 1740. The members were regu- larly visited by pastors from Philadelphia. It appears they had no regular settled pastor among them before 1800. Their number has steadily increased, principally however from foreign emigrations of German and Irish Catholics. Their present pastor is the indefatigable Rev. B. Keenan. They have 3 or 4 places of public worship in the county.
THE METHODIST EPISCOPAL .- In 1781, Methodist ministers first visited this county ; and in 1782 the Lancaster Circuit was formed, and the Rev. William Partridge appointed as minister, Among the early ministers who preached in different parts of
+See pages 308 and 20.
39*
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this county, were the Rev'ds William Glendening, W. Jesup, Isaac Robertson, W. Hunter, T. P. Chandler and Simon Miller a native of the county.
In the city of Lancaster, the Rev. Jacob Gruber preached occasionally about the year 1705 and 1706. The first regular service held in town, was in the house of Philip Benedict, by Rev. Henry Boehm in 1807. In 1808 the Rev'ds Thomas Birch and James succeeded Boehm. Their successors were the . Rev'ds Joseph Samson, Thomas Ware, John Walter, John Tally, George Cookman, Jacob Gruber, John Leonard, John Woolson, Wesley Wallace, W. Torbert, Thomas Neal, John Ogden, James Moore, as circuit preachers. In 1829, Lancas- ter was made a regular charge, where stationed ministers have since been located : these were Rev'ds Joseph M'Cool, Thomas Miller, John Nicholson, Thomas Sovereign, James Houston, James Neil, D. D. Lore, S. H. Higgins, and the present pastor, the Rev. Robert Gerry. The following named preachers are stationed in various parts of the county : Rev'ds T. Sumtion, T. C. Murphy, J. W. Arthur, E. Reed, A. W. Milby, Mr. Hum- phries. The Methodists have rising of twenty places of public worship in the county.
THE NEW JERUSALEM CHURCH .- For an account of this de- nomination, see page 431.
THE EVANGELICAL ASSOCIATION .- This sect, sometimes called " Die Albrechts Leute," is of comparative recent origin. It took its rise in this county about the year 1800, through the indefatigable efforts of Jacob Albrecht, a native of Berks coun- ty ; but he had settled previous to 1800 in Earl township .- They have 8 or 9 places of worship, besides several churches.
THE REFORMED MENNONITES .- It appears that prior to 1810, some conceived that there was spiritual declension among those who had embraced the doctrines of Menno Simon, and in order to renew these doctrines and re-establish that church, a few of them, among whom was their persevering friend and minister, John Herr, of Strasburg township, united for that purpose, and in 1811, organized an association, now generally known by the name of the Reformed Mennonites. Their number of minis- ters is small, and their members, though active, is still;compar- atively not large. They have two orders of ministers, bishops and ordinary ministers. Their bishops at present, in the
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county, are the Rev'ds. John Herr, John Keeport, and Henry Bowman. Among their ordinary ministers are the Rev'ds. Abraham Landıs, John Landis, Joseph Weaver, Abraham Snevely, Christian Resh, and Samuel Hershy. They preach English occasionally. They have three meeting houses; and hold meetings at eight or ten other stated places in the county.
THE UNIVERSALISTS .- There are comparatively few of them in this county ; they have three places of public worship; but at present they have no one that officiates in spiritual things.
THE SECEDERS .- The number known by this name is small in this county. They have one minister, the Rev. Easton, and two places of public worship.
THE UNITED BRETHREN, or Vereinigte Brueder .-- There are some of this respectable body in the county. We know neither the probable number of their ministers nor places of worship.
THE CHURCH OF GOD .- This denomination is of compara- tively recent origin. The name of " Church of God," was as- sumed by them about the year 1827 or '28. The church in the city was first gathered about the year 1820, under the ministry of the late Rev. John Elliott, who preached the gospel many years faithfully and with success, to an independent congrega- tion in the city. After he left, the church declined, till about the year 1841, when the Rev. John Winebrenner, V. D. M. of Harrisburg, Rev'ds Jacob Flake and Joseph Ross and others of the Eldership of the Church of God, held protracted meetings, when a number were revived and others awakened, and a deep interest manifested, and soon a congregation of one or two hundred was organized. The Rev. Winebrenner, and their present pastor, the Rev. Jacob Flake, labored jointly in the city till lately.
The number of ministers at present in the county, is five, viz: the Rev'ds J. Flake, J. H. Bomberger, J. Tucker, I. Bra- dy, J. Stamm. Their places of public worship, may range from twelve to fifteen in the county. Within the last few years they have erected several houses for public worship.
THE CALVANISTIC BAPTISTS .- This denomination although characterized for their missionary enterprises, made no effort in this county to promulgate their views, and organize congre- gations, until within a few years, except in the southern part of the county, where a church has been built rising of twenty_
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five years since. In the year 1835, the Rev. Leonard Fletcher, then stationed in Chester county, preached occasionally at Churchtown, and baptized a number of persons. Sometime about 1839, a member of that denomination, Gilbert Hills, late from Connecticut located in the city of Lancaster, at whose instance baptist ministers were invited to visit the place. The same year the Rev. Kingsford preached occasionally, and he was soon followed by others, among those were the the Rev'ds. Gillette, Kennard, Babcock, Dodge, Keys, Woolsy, Fletcher, Dickinson, Dean, Brettell, Higgins, who organized a church in February, 1841 ; after which missionaries and visiting minis- ters preached-these were Rev. Shadrac, Miller, Burbank, Keys, Smith and Hendrickson.
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