USA > Pennsylvania > Lancaster County > History of Lancaster and York Counties > Part 42
USA > Pennsylvania > York County > History of Lancaster and York Counties > Part 42
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York, and its vicinity, may be reckoned among the earli- est settlements. Here a settlement was commenced, prior to 1732. Soon after the last mentioned period, emigration was great to the west of the Susquehanna. In 1740 the number of taxables exceeded six hundred; and in 1749, the taxables amounted to nearly 1500, besides many "idle and dissolute persons, who resorted to the remote parts to escape justice."
IL
571
HISTORY OF YORK COUNTY.
CHAPTER IV.
First public road from Wright's ferry, &c .- York first laid out-Pub- lic road from York to"Smith's land-First public house at York- York, at first, improves slowly-Causes thereof-Billmayer's, Falk- er's and Schall's case-Clashing interests-First settlers at York, principally Germans-Names of some families-Ministers visit congregations-Influx of Germans great-No lands sold to the Irisha -Many Irish moved to Cumberland.
Public roads, in improved, as well as in new countries, are highly important, and as the Kreutzcreek and the York settlements were, for many years before Pennsylvanians set- tled west of the Susquehanna, a thorough-pass through the wilderness from the west-ward inhabited parts in the pro- vince of Maryland to the eastern towns; and the wants of the new settlers demanded it, a petition was presented from inhabitants of Hallem township, recently erected, to the court of Lancaster for a road from Wrights Ferry to the Potomac. The court appointed the following persons to view and locate a road as petitioned for, viz : Joshua Min- shal, Henry Hendricks, Francis Worley, Christian Crawl, Michael Tanner, and Woolrick Whistler. The road was viewed and located. The viewer's report was presented to the court, Feb. 1739-40; which was confirmed and ordered to be recorded. The report is in substance as follows:
The road commenced on the line between the lands of John Wright, jr., and Samuel Tayler, on the west side of the Susquehanna-thence south 80 degrees, west 500 perch- es ; s.72, w.562 perches to Crawl's Run, s. 70, w. 430 p. to a marked White Oak, w. 76 p. to Canoe Run, s. 68, 454 to a Black Oak, s. 53, w. 540 to the West Branch of Grist
572
HISTORY OF YORK COUNTY.
Creek, s. 66, w. 280, s. 84, w. 264, w. 166 to Little Codo- rus, s. 82, w. 102, w. 104, s. 64, w. 220, s. 72, w. 260, to the Big Codorus-continuing the same course 360 perches to Perrin's Run ; w. 269 perches to Springer's Field, s. 72, w. 80 p., s. w. 160 p., s. 60, w. 126, p. to the Point of a steep hill, s. 48, w. 134 p., s. 69, w. 200 p., s. 58, w. 240 p. to Loreman's Run, s. 51, w. 40 p., s. 71, w. 166 p. to a Black Oak, by Christian Oysters, s. 55, w. 142 p., s. 40, w. 330 p., s. 52, w. 172 p. to Nicholas Coucher's Run, s. 44, w. 380 p., s. 58, w. 376 p., s. 22, w. 120 p. to the West Branch of Codorus Creek, s. 30, w. 214 p., s. 50, w. 66 p., s. 36, w. 60 p., s. 26, w. 66, p., s. 104 p., s. 46, w 132 p. to Jos. Link's Run, by the Barrens, s. 65, w. 420 p. to Conrad Low's, s. 38, w. 282 p., s. 3, w. 230 p., s. 46, w. 97 p., w. 500 p. to Adam Harney's, s. 48, w. 640 p. to Jacob Banker's, s. 68, w. 170 p., s. 81, w. 820 p., s. 71, w. 100 p. to the Monocosy Road near the Province line, con- taining 34 miles and 290 perches.
Not many months after the first public road had been lo- cated, the proprietaries directed Thomas Cookson, deputy surveyor of Lancaster county, to lay out a plot of ground within the Manor of Springettsbury, to build a town upon, somewhat laid out like Philadelphia. The surveyor had received specific instructions from the proprietors, on this point, in October, 1741. That part of the Manor, on both sides of the Codorus, was fixed on for the town. Cookson proceeded at once, so lay off that portion east of the Codo- rus, into squares, after the manner of Philadelphia. " The squares, or rather oblongs, were to be 480 feet broad, and 520 long-the lots 320 by 65-alleys 20 feet-two streets 80 feet broad each; to cross at right angles-and 65 feet squares to be cut off the corner of each lot, to form a square for public buildings-or a market space of 110 feet on each side. The lots to be let for seven shillings sterling, or value
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HISTORY OF YORK COUNTY.
an coin, current, according to the exchange ; the squares to be laid out the length of two squares to the east ward of Codorus, when any number, such as twenty houses are built.
" On the margin of the original draught of the town, as then laid out, are these words, " The above squares count, in each, 480 feet, on every side, which in lots of 60 feet front and 340 deep, will make 16 lots; which multiplied by the number of squares (viz: 16 for the original draught contains no more) gives 256 lots; which together with the streets, at 60 feet wide, will not take up above 102 acres.'"*
No sooner had the survey and plot been completed than a number of applications were made to constitute persons to receive and register the names. In November 1741, the following persons applied, to have their names entered for lots in the town of York, in the county of Lancaster. The applicants were, John Bishop, for lot No. 57; Jacob Welsch, 58; Baltser Spengler, 70; Michael Schwoop, 75 ; Christopher Croll, 85 ; Michael Laub, 86 ; George Schwoop, 87, 104, 124, 140; Zachariah Shugart, 102; Samuel Hoake, 105; Hermanus Bott, 106; George Hoake, 107, 117; Jacob Crebill, 108; Matthias Onvensant, 18; Martin Eich- elberger, 120; Andrew Coaler 121; Henry Hendricks, 122 ; Joseph Hinsman, 123.
On the 11th and 12th of March, 1746, 44 lots more were disposed of ; and in 1748, 49 and 50, applications were nu- merous for lots. The place began to attract some attention ; for, as early as 1742 it was spoken of as to be ere long the shire town, for the first county west of the Susquehanna.
At the Nov. session of court, at Lancaster, in 1741, a num- ber of inhabitants, near Codorus creek prayed for a view and location of a road, by the nearest way from the town in Great Codorus to William Smith's patented land under Maryland. Smith's land was about ten miles from town.
Glosbrenner's His. York. co.
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HISTORY OF YORK COUNTY.
Their prayer was granted, and the court appointed, as view- ers, Woolrich Whisler, Michael Kreger, Michael Tanner, Michael Roshe, Adam Miller and George Copel. The road was viewed and located-confirmed and recorded, at the February term 1741-42. The road began at a Spanish oak, on the west line of Smith's land, N. 88 deg. 37 perches- and in the same course, with slight variations, by way of Woolrick Whisler's mill, which was a little over two miles and a quarter or 745 perches from York-" to the end of the street leading to the place intended for a court house in the town of York, up the said street, N. 16} degrees to the said place 52 perches in the road leading to John Wright's ferry. The whole lenghth of the road is 3239 perches or 10 miles 39 perches to the town of York on Great Codorus, and from John Myer's ferry to the aforesaid town, 12 miles and 3 perches."
York had become a small town shortly after it had been laid out. It contained a public house, and if public records cord can be relied on, Adam Miller was landlord in 1741 or 1742. At the November session of the court, Adam Miller applied, at Lancaster, to be recommended to the governor as a suitable person to keep a public house at the town of York. His petition was granted.
It is said, the town did not grow rapidly in its incipiency. This undoubtedly was not so much owing to any thing ad- ventitious ; as to conditions somewhat arbitrary. "One of the usual ones was- that the applicant should build upon the lot, at his own proper cost, one substantial dwelling house, of the dimensions of sixteen feet square at least, with a good chimney of brick or stone, be laid in or built with lime and sand, within the space of one year from the time of his entry for the same."
A yearly quit-rent, for an unlimited time, "of seven shil- lings sterling, money of Great Britain, or the value thereof,
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HISTORY OF YORK COUNTY.
in coin current, according as the exchange should be between the province and city of London," was to be paid to the proprietors, Thomas Penn and Richard Penn. Besides this, the lot was held in free and common soccage, by fealty only in lieu of all other services."
When the applicant had built, or in some cases, had com- menced to build, he received, if he wished it, a patent. This patent, however, stated most explicitly what the conditions were; if these were not complied with, the lot was trans- ferred to another.
Indeed, there were not a few difficulties and inconveni- ences which arose from neglect or carelessness, to overcome by the first lot-holders. One of these may have arisen from Cookson's, the surveyor's neglect to return the survey made of the lands on which York stands, into the Land Office. To remedy this, George Stevenson re-surveyed the land in 1741, when he found it to be 436 acres and a half.
Again, other "difficulties arose from persons taking pos- session of lots without a legal right thereto. Some erected small houses on different lots, without license or entry ;" for this they were reported to the proper authority. Instances are found, recorded, among old papers. The cases alluded to, are those of Jacob Billmayer, who built on lot No. 55; Jacob Falker, on lot 60; and Avit Shall on lot 74-all of them, " without the proprietaries' license." They were all compelled to surrender possession, April 30, 1751, to Nich- olas Scull, Esq., the proprietaries' agent. In a word, the early settling of the town of York was one continual scene of disturbance and contention -- there were warring rights and clashing interests.
The first settlers of York and vicinity, were principally Germans, and members of the Lutheran, or German Re- formed church. Of the former, were the Crolls or Grolls, Zieglers, Schultz, Schwaabs, Diehls, Scherers, Schmeisers,
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HISTORY OF YORK COUNTY.
Bauers, Zimmerman's, Beyers, Walches, Eisen, Burkhardts, Zaucks, Manch, Kraut; of the latter, or German Reformed, were the Meyers, Rothrocks, Welsches, Spanglers, Hoakes, Gugges or Coockas, Danners, Welschhans, Schultz, Scheibs, and others.
Congregations had been organized here, and at Kreutz creek, prior to 1740 or 1742. The Rev. Candler, Muhlen- berg, Handschuh, and others, visited these congregations before York county was erected. The Rev. Lischy accepted a call from the German Reformed congregation, some time in 1745 .*
Te influx of the Germans of 1747, was great. From and after that period, they were in the majority. It has been shown, that ten years previous, the Irish were to occupy the improvements of the Germans, on condition they would aid Cressap to force them from their homes. From that time on, disturbances between the Irish and Germans, were com- mon. The proprietors, to prevent them, gave orders to their agents to sell no lands hereafter in Lancaster and York counties, to the Irish-but hold out strong inducements, by advantageous overtures, to settle in Cumberland county .; The offers made to the Irish, were liberal, and were ac- cepted.
* See the Sequel-Religious History of York county.
t Cumberland county was originally settled by Irish. Between the years 1765 and 1772, Germans went into the county and purchased from the first settlers. Among the first German families were the Sailors, Emmingers, Webers, Rupp, Meyers, Gramlich, Schiely, Krie- ger, Krause, &c.
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HISTORY OF YORK COUNTY.
CHAPTER V.
Erection of York county-Petition presented-Deferred-Granted - Act passed-Court-house built-First Court of General Quarter Sessions-List of Jurors-Constables-First county officers-Sher- iff's election-Affray at-M'Callister elected; but Hamilton was commissioned-Overseers of the Poor-Election for Representa- tives-Affray at-The Sheriff before the Assembly-Is reproved, and advised to keep better order-French and Indian war-Inhabit- ants of York much alarmed-Letter to Governor Morris-Indians commit massacres in York county-Bard's abduction-Dunwiddie and Crawford killed.
Shortly after his arrival in America in 1682, William Penn established Philadelphia, Bucks and Chester counties. In 1729 Lancaster county was erected out of Chester. Lancaster originally embraced, besides what is within its present limits, all the land west of the Schuylkill, except Ches- ter county, within the province of Pennsylvania. Not many years after its erection, both sides of the Susquehanna were settled by an influx of a mixed population. Here settled the Swiss, the Frenchman, the German, the Dutch, the Scotch, the Irish, the English, the Anglo-American, and the Welsh.
The fertility of the soil and other natural advantages in- ( nced many to settle on the west of the Susquehanna; the population augmented, and with its increase, as is always the case in new countries, among the orderly, the disorderly also seek subsistence,-often these " live by stealing"-To secure themselves against such-there were such among them who were styled "idle and dissolute persons," the inhabitants west of the Susquehanna petitioned the Governor and the Assembly in 1747, praying for the erection of a new county .*
* Votes of Assembly, iv., 55, 56.
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HISTORY OF YORK COUNTY.
Their prayer, was unheard. Again, in 1748, as with one voice, they urged it upon the Legislature to hear them." Setting forth that they labored under very great difficulties on account of their distant situation from the county town, Lancaster, where the courts are held, and justice is distri- buted, the river also intervening, which at sometimes could not be passed for many days; that prosecutions were dis- couraged by the expense and loss of time attending them, and wicked and disorderly persons who resort to the remote parts of the province, are encouraged to commit thefts and other crimes, from the greater prospect of escaping justice ; that the tract of land lying on the west side of Susquehanna, and between the South Mountain and Maryland, is now well inhabited, and of sufficient* extent for a county, and the people able and willing to bear the charge; and therefore praying that the said tract be divided from the county of Lancaster, and erected into a new county."
In accordance with the wishes of the petitioners, their prayer was considered-an act was passed, August 19, 1749, by the Assembly, "That all and singular the lands lying within the Province of Pennsylvania, to the westward of the river Susquehanna, and southward and eastward of the South Mountain, be erected into a county, named York- bounded northward and westward by a line, to be run from the river Susquehanna, along the ridge of the said South Mountain, until it shall intersect the Maryland line, south- ward by the said Maryland line, and eastward by the said river Susquehanna.
By the same act, Thomas Cox, Michael Tanner, George Swoope, Nathan Hussey, and John Wright, junior, all of
* The county of York had, in 1749, 1,466 taxables; in 1750, 1,798 taxables, and in 1751, 2,043 taxables ; showing an increase of nearly one third, in two years.
t York county was reduced, by erecting Adams county, in 1800,
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Sinclairs Lith. Ph
Old Courthouse the building; occupied by Congress in the Revolution.
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HISTORY OF YORK COUNTY.
York county, or any three of them, were authorized to pur- chase a piece of land, situate in some convenient place in the county, to be approved of by the Governor, in trust, and for the use of the inhabitants of the county, and thereon to erect and build a court house and prison, sufficient to ac- commodate the public service of the county, and for the ease and convenience of the inhabitants. "For several years after the erection of the county, nothing was effectually done towards building the court house. The courts were held till 1754, in private houses- it is said the commission- ers usually held their meetings at George Schaab's."
" In 1754, the commissioners of the county entered into an agreement with William Willis, bricklayer, of Manches- ter township, to erect the walls of the building-with Henry Clark, of Warrington, to saw and deliver scantlings for the building ; and also with John Meem and Jacob Klein, car- penters of York town, to do the joiner's and carpenter's work-they engaged Robert Jones to bring seven thousand shingles from Philadelphia-the building progressed slowly till it was completed, in 1756. It stood till within a few years. It is worthy of memory that Congress sat in it for about nine months in 1777 and 1778, the most gloomy pe- riod of the Revolution. Another court house was erected in 1841-42, at a cost of rising one hundred thousand dollars.
The first court of General Quarter Sessions of the Peace for the county was held before John Day, Esq. and his as- sistants, the 31st of October A. D. 1749; and in the twenty- third year of the reign of George II.
The first panel of jurors was returned by Hans Hamilton, Sheriff, 31st Oct. 1749. They were, Michael McCreary,* William McLellan,* James Agnew,* Richard Proctor, + Hugh Brigham,* John Pope,t James Hall,* William Proctor,* William Betty,* Nathan Dicks,t Jeremiah Louchridge,*
* Sworn. t Affirmed.
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HISTORY OF YORK COUNTY.
Thomas Hosack,* Thomas Sillick,* Samuel Moore,* James Smith,* Richard Brown,* and Thomas Neily .*
At the General Quarter Session of October 1749, the fol- lowing persons were recognised as constables; for Newberry township, Peter Hughs ; for Tyrone, John Duffield; War- rington, Robert Vale ; Codorus, George Leigher; Man- chester, Christian Lowe, Hallem, John Bishop ; Chanceford, George Farr; Fawn, James Edger; Dover, Caleb Hendricks ; York, George Crepill; Huntingdon, William Caxon; Mo- nallen, Robert Moore ; Reading, Leonard Leece; Straban, John Carroll; Cumberland, Thomas Jameson ; Berwick, Christopher Sleagle; Manheim, Valentine Herr; Mount- joy, Vincent Small ; Monahan, William Langley ; Paradise, John Frankleberry ; Hamilton's Bond, John Carr; Shrews- bury, Hugh Low.
The county having " been fully organized" by a compe- tent set of officers at the helm, with municipal powers- Hans Hamilton, Sheriff; John Day, Thomas Cox, John Wright, jr., George Schwaabe, Matthew Diel, Hans Ham- ilton, Patrick Watson, and George Stevenson, Justices of the Peace; George Stevenson, Prothonotary, and Clerk to the several courts, and Register and Recorder; also the first Deputy Surveyor, and Chief Ranger;} David M'Con- aughy,§ Treasurer; George Schwaabe, Commissioner; Al- exander Love, Coroner; besides a number of " Law-full" counsellors-among whom were William Peters, John Law- rence, George Ross, David Stout, and John Renshaw. On · so "formidable organization," peace aud harmony, it might be expected, would be preserved, if earthly men had not
* Sworn.
+ Affirmed.
# See Miscellaneous Chapter.
§ David M'Conaughy, had been appointed by the Assembly, also, as Collector of Taxes.
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HISTORY OF YORK COUNTY.
human passions, had it not been for an affray at the first election, in York county, "which cast a shadow of coming events."*
For sheriff, two prominent candidates, Hans Hamilton and Richard M'Allister, were before the people. The place of hustings, or election, was at. York, in 1749, and for years afterwards at the public house of Baltzer Spengler. It was an unfinished building of logs, through an opening of which, at one end, tickets were received. In the cool of the morn- ing all was quiet, but as the sun warmed the voters, they grew in ardor for action. Hamilton, the Irish candidate, was from what is now Adams county. M'Allister was the favorite of the "Dutch." The Germans, as they are wont, without much ado, worked well for their candidate, evi- dently gaining on their competitors ; this vexed the "ireful friends" of Hamilton. Two or three stout Hibernians-
* In this connexion, it might be mentioned, that the following per- sons were recommended by the Court, in 1749, to the Governor, to keep public houses of entertainment, viz : Michael Swoope, George Mendinhall, John Edwards, Michael Bardt, George Hooke, Jacob Fok- ler, and William Sinkler.
NOTE .- Agreeably to Act of 1718, the Justice of Peace, in their Quarter Sessions, January 28, 1752, established the following tavern rates for York county :
One quart of sangaree, made with one pint of good Madeira wine, with loaf sugar, 1 shilling and 6 pence; a bowl of punch, made with one quart of water, with loaf sugar, and good Jamaica spirits, 1 shil- ling and 3 pence ; one pint of good Madeira wine, 1 shilling and 3 pence ; one pint of good Vidonia wine, 10 pence; one pint of good Port wine, 1 shilling; one quart of Mimbo, made with West India rum and loaf sugar, 10 shillings ; a quart of Mimbo, made with New En- · gland rum and loaf sugar, 9 pence ; a gill of good West India rum, 4 pence; a gill of good New England rum, 3 pence ; a gill of good whiskey, 2 pence ; a quart of good beer, 4 pence ; a quart of good cider, 4 pence ; a man's breakfast, 6 pence ; a man's dinner, 8 pence ; a man's supper, 6 pence ; a horse at hay, 24 hours, 10 pence ; a horse at hay, one night, 8 pence ; half a gallon of good oats, 3 pence.
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HISTORY OF YORK COUNTY.
boxers as they are called-took possession of the opening through the logs, where tickets were received-determined that none but their friends should enjoy the right of voting. A stout German, equally determined to enjoy his sacred rights, without yielding an inch, went to the place of voting -tripped up the heels of one of the Irish bullies-which eventuated in an affray. The standing saplings, which were near at hand, were soon torn down and cut from the ground, and used as offensive and defensive weapons-blows promis- cuously dealt out-the Irish were routed and put to flight, and to escape fully merited chastisement, fled beyond the Codorus-and, for their lives, dared not to show themselves the remaining part of the day, east of the Codorus. No lives were lost-a few human limbs were broken, and some blood spilt. The Germans then voted immediately, and elected M'Allister, by an overwhelming majority. But, in this instance, James Hamilton, Deputy Governor, as it were, to gratify the Irish party, disregarded the popular will, and exercised executive power, and commissioned Hans Hamil- ton, sheriff, for one year. Illy considered policy, as the sequel proved.
The system of poor laws, for the maintenance of the helpless, that now prevails in Pennsylvania, was borrowed in its leading features, good and evil, from that adopted in England, in the reign of Elizabeth, and was introduced into this State by an act of Assembly, in 1771, which led to the abolishing of the appointment of Overseers of the poor ; a system which was in vogue at an early period in every county of the State. In 1750, "at a court of private sessions of the peace held at York for York county, the 26th of March, in the XXIII year of the reign of George II, &c., A. D. before John Day, Thomas Cox, George Swope and Patrick Watson, Esqrs., the following persons were appoint- ed Overseers of the poor: for Yorktown, William Sinkler,
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HISTORY OF YORK COUNTY.
and Michael Laub; Hellam, Casper Williart and Peter Gardner; Chanceford, Robert Moreton and John Hill; Fawn, Alexander McCandless and John Gordon ; Shrews- berry, Hugh Montgomery and Hugh Low; Codorus, Peter Dinkle and John Wothering ; Manchester, Peter Wolf and Valentine Crans; Newberry, Nathan Hussey and George Thauly ; Dover, Philip Couf and Andrew Spangler ; War- rington, William Griffith and George Grist ; Huntingdon, Isaac Cook and Archibald M'Grew ; Monaghan, James Carothers and George Cohoon; Reading, William Wilson and Mathias Maloon; Tyrone, Robert M'Illvaine and Finley M'Grew; Straban, David Turner and James Ste- venson ; Monallin, John Gilliland and John Lawrence ; Cumberland, John M'Farren and David Porter ; Hamilton's Ban, James Agnew and William Wagh ; Mountjoy, James Hunter and William Gibson ; Germany, Jacob Koontz and Peter Little ; Mountpleasant, William Black and Alexander M'Carter ; Heidelberg, Peter Schultz and Andrew Schrei- ber ; Berwick, Caspar Weiser and George Baker ; Clement, Studebecker and John Rode; Manheim, Samuel Bugdel and Solomon Miller.
Nothing of a special character, not common to the other counties, occurred in York county this year, except what the return of the election of October 1750 unbosomed. The past had not been forgotten. At the second election held in York county, October 30, 1750, for Representatives a large party of Germans drove the people from the election ground. The Sheriff left the box and went out to speak to them, but was knocked down, with others.
The case of the affray was brought before the Assembly. The following are the remonstrances in the case, and expla- nation of the facts. Hamilton appeared before the Assem- bly, in November, 1750-presented a remonstrance to the House, setting forth that he opened the election at the town
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HISTORY OF YORK COUNTY.
of York, and, with the assistance of seven inspectors, began to take the poll, and continued regularly and quietly for some time, until the multitude of people, chiefly Germans, armed with sticks and billets of wood, excited and encour- ged by Nicholas Ryland, the coroner, began to beat and drive away all the people from about the court house, where- upon he, Hamilton, with Patrick Watson, Esq., one of the justices of the peace, went out to pacify them, and used their endeavors, but in vain, for they were both struck by the people, and with difficulty escaped back into the house, and then he suspended taking the poll, in hopes the tumult would subside; but the people grew more outrageous, broke the windows, and throwing stones and brickbats; he and four of the inspectors were obliged to quit the house, through a back window; whereupon the rioters took posses- sion of the court house, and the box with the ballots-that about one-fourth of an hour after this, he returned to the court house, in order to go on with the election, but was refused admittance-the coroner, with three remaining in- spectors, having assumed to continue the polls, and being supported by the outrageous multitude, kept possession of the box, whereby he was disabled from making a regular return."
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