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ALLEN COUNTY PUBLIC LIBRARY
3 1833 01214 2615
GENEALOGY 976.4 T918 V. 1
Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2016
https://archive.org/details/twentiethcentury01lewi
A Twentieth Century History
OF
SOUTHWEST TEXAS
ILLUSTRATED
VOLUME I
THE LEWIS PUBLISHING COMPANY
CHICAGO
NEW YORK
LOS ANGELES 1907
PREFACE.
The following pages represent a faithful effort to portray the history of Southwest Texas along the lines laid down in the original prospectus of this work. No other work along the same lines has ever been attempted, and it is believed that in no other publication can be found such abundance of well arranged historical material pertaining to Texas in general and to Southwest Texas in particular. Other Texas histories have endeavored to cover the entire ground, and in doing so have necessarily slighted sections with an area equal to that of many another state and with an individual history of intrinsic interest and value. The territorial basis of these volumes can be roughly described as all that part of the state southwest of the Guadalupe river. Of this, San Antonio, being the metropolis and historic center, has received the greater share of attention, but it is believed that the development of the entire region is treated with more fulness and accuracy than in any previous work on the subject.
In the general treatment of the history of the state, it may be said that events and epochs have been described with reference to their bear- ing on San Antonio and Southwest Texas; by which the following ad- vantage has resulted : that it has been possible to abbreviate the narrative of events that belong to the state as a whole, and to amplify all that concerns Southwest Texas. Throughout, "Southwest Texas" is the central theme; and while the great extent of territory covered forbids a detailed "local history" such as a single city or county might receive, it is certain that attention has been focussed on more intimate features of the life and affairs of this section of the state than has been successfully accomplished in any other work. Every historical work may be criticised for lack of completeness in what some would consider essential matters. For the benefit of those who might search this work in vain for some facts of Texas history, it should be stated that, in the search for historical facts, the personal interview is the only successful method, except where the history lies recorded in written archives. In his last report, the state archivist explained his fruitless experiment of endeavoring to elicit historical information by means of historical data blanks and personal letters. The editor of this work had a like discouraging experience, only a meagre number of replies being received to a large number of (lata blanks sent out.
This history, therefore, is largely the result of personal interviews, with persons living in various parts of Southwest Texas. Each in- formant and each interviewer has brought a new sheaf of facts to the sum total here published, and from these have grown this History of Southwest Texas. It was the purpose, as originally announced, to bring
11
PREFACE
out the personal aspect of the history of Southwest Texas; to mention events mainly in relation to the persons most closely connected with them; to describe the country as far as possible through the careers of the men who have developed it. This has been accomplished, and from the personal biographies may be gleaned many general historical facts concerning Texas history.
The general historical editor has numerous sources of assistance and encouragement to acknowledge. The major authorities are noted at the points where they are quoted as authority. The San Antonio newspapers have, as a matter of course, been drawn upon for many items, and the former Herald, and the Express, whose existence has been con- tinuous for over thirty years, and the Gazette and Light, have each con- tributed to these volumes, acknowledgment for each separate quotation being usually made. The officials of the Carnegie Library at San Antonio lent every encouragement and assistance to the historian. At the state library in Austin, Mr. E. W. Winkler was invaluable in directing the search for material among the newspaper files, and gave assistance in many other ways.
Contents of Volume I.
CHAPTER I.
EXPLORATION AND DISCOVERY ; LA SALLE'S COLONY I CHAPTER II.
SPANISH ENTRADAS-ESTABLISHMENT OF MISSIONS. 7 CHAPTER III.
PERMANENT OCCUPATION BY SPAIN . IO .
CHAPTER IV.
SAN ANTONIO DE BEXAR, OUTPOST OF THE SPANISH FRONTIER AND
CENTER OF MISSIONS
15
CHAPTER V.
TEXAS DURING THE LAST HALF OF THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY. ... 24 CHAPTER VI.
AMERICAN AND SPANISH CIVILIZATIONS MEET IN LOUISIANA-FIRST
STAGES OF THE INEVITABLE CONFLICT
27
CHAPTER VII.
POSITION OF TEXAS AT THE BEGINNING OF THE NINETEENTH CEN- TURY 31
CHAPTER VIII.
THE REVOLT AGAINST SPANISII DESPOTISM-THE BURR CONSPIR-
ACY
37
CHAPTER IX.
THE FIRST DECADE OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY 45
CHAPTER X.
REVOLUTIONARY MOVEMENTS IN TEXAS, 1810-1820
49
CHAPTER XI.
THE REPUBLIC OF MEXICO-AUSTIN'S COLONY.
62
CHAPTER XII.
RELATIONS WITH MEXICO-FREDONIAN WAR-EARLY REVOLTS AGAINST THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT 68
iv
CONTENTS
CHAPTER XIII.
EVENTS LEADING UP TO THE REVOLUTION-SIEGE AND CAPTURE OF SAN ANTONIO 74
CHAPTER XIV.
ALAMO AND GOLIAD-DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE. 83
CHAPTER XV.
THE WINNING OF INDEPENDENCE-SAN JACINTO. 95
CHAPTER XVI. . 109
TEXAS AS A REPUBLIC.
CHAPTER XVII.
HISTORY OF THE ANNEXATION MOVEMENT
14I
CHAPTER XVIII.
THE STATE OF TEXAS FROM 1845 TO 1861. .146
CHAPTER XIX.
SOUTHWEST TEXAS FIFTY YEARS AGO. 167
CHAPTER XX.
THE CIVIL WAR PERIOD. . 197
CHAPTER XXI.
THE ERA OF RECONSTRUCTION-THE CONSTITUTION OF 1876. .. 214
CHAPTER XXII.
THE SOUTHWEST TEXAS BORDER.
.226
CHAPTER XXIII.
HISTORY OF THE LIVE STOCK INDUSTRY
.255
CHAPTER XXIV.
SAN ANTONIO AT THE BEGINNING OF THE RAILROAD ERA .292
CHAPTER XXV.
SAN ANTONIO: RESULTS OF THE LAST THIRTY YEARS. . . .320
INDEX.
Abilene, Kans., 260. Ab Initios, 217. Adams, Thad T., 451. Affleck, I. D., 422. Affleck, John H., 421. Agriculture in 1846, 156. Aguayo, San Miguel de, 17.
Alameda Street, 179. Alamo, 20, 47, 139, 172, 173, 300, 388, 495 ; in 1845, 389; in 1846, 155.
Alamo Controversy, 495.
Alamo, Siege of, 84, 91, 93. Alamo Victims, Funeral of, 87. Alarcon, Martin de, 16.
Alazan Creek, Battle of, 54. American Invasion of Texas, first, 33.
Anahuac, Custom House at, 72. Annexation movement, 14I. Architecture of '70s, 293. Archive war, 122 Arnold, Henry, 454. Arredondo, 55. Atascosa county, 224. Austin Colony, 63. Austin, Moses and Stephen, 63; 110. Austin, Stephen, 75.
Bailes, Tom O., 473. Ball, Robert L., 440. Bandera county, 224. Bandera county, Depredations in, 227. Bandera county in 1858, 195. Banks of San Antonio, 323. Barb-Wire, Invention of, 272. Barb-Wire, Introduction into Texas, 273. Barnitz, Harry, 347. Bastrop. Baron de, 63. Battle of Nueces River, 207. Baylor, John R., 201. Bean, Ellis P., 35. Bean Lottery, 130. Beckmann, John C., 138. Bee, Barnard E., 106. Bee, Carlos, 108. Bee, Hamilton P., 106. Beitel, Albert, 47I. Beitel, Charles F., 414. Belknap, Augustus, 324. Bell, Andrew J., 449. Bell, P. Hansborough, 157. Benavides, Santos, 204.
Berends, Julius, 312. Bettina Colony, 135. Bexar Archives, 19. Bexar county, 156. Bexar County Farmer's Institute, 331. Bexar District, 167.
Beze, Victor, 439. Blocker, John R., 462. Bolton, John H., 405.
Border Conditions, 238.
Border Region in 1870, described, 228.
Border Troubles, End of, 249.
Boundary act, 158. Boundaries of Texas, 158.
Boundary Questions, 39, 69.
Bowie, James, 79. 83.
Brackenridge, George W., 333. Brackenridge Park, 334. Bradburn, Davis, 72.
Buell, Allen, 446. Burg, Sigmund S., 428.
Burleson, Edward, 79. Burnet. David G., 89, III, 123.
Burr, Aaron, 27, 40.
Burr Conspiracy, 40.
Burr's Expedition, Failure of, 43.
Business Men's Club, 323, 331, 400, 498. Business, of San Antonio, 322. . Bustamente, 71.
Caffery. Russell, 481. Caldwell, Matthew, 115, 126, 129. Camp Crockett, 154. Camp Verde, 195.
Canary Island settlers, 19, 20.
Candelaria, Madame, 60. Capital of Texas, 121.
Carl's Haven, 134. Carnegie Library at San Antonio, 385. Carter. C. L., 276. Cart War, 161, 221, 240.
Cassiano family, 58, 59.
Cassiano, Jose, 58. Castro colony, 138, 448.
Castroville, 168, 186. Cattle Business, After Panic of 1873. 264. Cattle Business, After war,' 258. Cattle Industry, Before the war, 256. Cattlemen and Farmers, 274. Cattle outlaws, 259.
vi
INDEX
Cattle Owners, 227.
Cattle Raisers' Association of Texas, 276; Work of, 279.
Cattle-Stealing, Description of, 236. Cattle trails, 260, 262.
Champ d'Asile, 58.
Chapa, Francisco A., 439.
Chavez, J. Antonio, 452.
Church, First in Texas, 7.
Civil War Period, 197.
Clamp, C. C., 407.
Clark, R. C., 9.
Click, Creed M., 422.
Coahuila, Separation of Texas from, 74.
Coahuila-Texas, 62, 75.
Coal Mines, 492. Cobbs, Thomas D., 340.
Coke, Richard, 217.
Coleman, Thomas A., 256, 492.
Colonization law, general, 65.
Colonization system, 64, 65, 66.
Cometa, 257. Commerce Street, 172.
Commissions, Mexican and American on Border Troubles, 227.
Compromise of 1850, 158.
Concepcion Mission, 18.
Confederate Tannery, 224.
Conquest of the Southwest, Causes of, 147. Considerant, Victor, 187.
Constitution of 1824, 76, 83.
Constitution of 1836, 90.
Coppini, Pompeo, 412.
Cordero, Antonio, 46, 59.
Corpus Christi, 168.
Cortez case, 438.
Cortina, 235.
Cortina's Rebellion, 165.
Cos, General, 80.
Crockett, Davy, 84. Crozat, Antoine, II. Cruz, Pablo, 438. Current events, 483.
Darmstadt Settlement, 135. Daughters of the Confederacy, 390. Daughters of the Republic, 387, 496. Davis, Edmund J., 217. Dawson Massacre in 1842, 127.
Declaration of Independence, 89. DeHymel, Franklin O., 460. DeHymel water lift, 460. DeLeon, Alonzo, 6. DeLeon's colony. 67. DeLeon's Second Expedition, 7. DeVaca, Cabeza, 2. Development, 501. Devine, J. M., 92. Dewitt's colony, 67. D'Hanis, 187. Dibrell, Mrs. Joseph B., 392.
Dickson, Chaplain, 355.
Dignowity, Anthony M., 176. Dignowity, Edward L., 179. Dignowity Hill, 177. Dimmit county, 225, 242. Dobrowolski, William, 468.
Druse, Warren D., 419.
Duval county, 225. Dwyer, Joseph E., 183, 392.
Eads, Homer, 353. Early Commercial House of San An- tonio, 192.
Edgar, William M., 147. Education, 364.
Edwards, Benjamin, 70.
Edwards, Chas. G., 162.
Edwards, Hayden, 70.
Edwards, Samuel V., 250.
Elmendorf, E. H., 455.
Elmendorf, Henry, 173.
Elmendorf, Town of, 174.
El Regidor, 438.
Empresario system, 64. England's Influence in Annexation, 144. Evans, J. Cummings, 120.
Fannin, J. W., 79, 87.
Fant, Dillard R., 289.
Farmer, W. C., 430.
Farming Development, 194.
Fest, Henry, 448.
Finances of the Republic, III.
First Presbyterian Church, 221.
Fisk, Ben S., 302.
Flag of Texas, IIO.
Floresville, 502. Foley Family, 345.
Ford, J. S., 201.
Foreign Recognition of Texas, 120.
Fort Brown, 148.
Fort Inge, 187.
Fort Sam Houston, 355, 499.
Fort St. Louis, 5.
Franciscans, 10. Frasch, Gustav, 179, 295.
Fredericksburg, 132, 135.
Fredonian war, 70.
Free Trade and Slavery, 143.
Free Trade and Wool Growers, 283.
.
Gaenslen, Fred B., 409.
Garza, Juan M., 475. Garza House, 80.
Garza revolution, 459.
Gas in San Antonio, 221.
General Consultation, 77.
General Wool's Campaign, 152.
George, Thomas E., 456.
German Colonization in Southwest Tex- as, 132. German element, 207.
vii
INDEX
German-English School, 139, 312, 380. German Immigration Company, 136. German Institutions in San Antonio, 182. Germans in 1857, 193. Germans and Slavery, 193. Germans in Politics, 194.
Giraud, Francis M., 404; Francis P., 404. Glidden, J. F., 272. Goliad, 188. Goliad Massacre, 87. Gonzales, 95, 96. Gonzales abandoned, 95. Gonzales Cannon, 78.
Gosling, Marshal, 474. Governor's Palace at San Antonio, 60. Governor, Texas' First, 8.
Grass fight, 79.
Gravel Roads of Bexar county, 307. Grist Mill, 93.
Groos, F., 493. Guenther, Carl H., 184.
Guenther, Erhard R., 184.
Guinn, Mrs. J. D., 391. Gutierrez, Bernardo, 50.
Gutierrez-Magee Expedition, 50. Gutzeit, Frank A., 465.
Harris, M. C., 313. Hart, L. J., 348. Hayes, Jack, 127. Helena, 189.
Henderson, J. Pinkney, 145, 151.
Herff, Ferd, Jr., 4II. Herff. Dr. Ferdinand, 135, 136. Herrera, Simon de, 46.
Hicks Building, 344. Hicks, Francis M., 342.
Hidalgo, Friar, IO, II. Hidalgo, Liberator, 49. Hot Sulphur Wells, 458.
Houston, Mrs. A. W., 391.
Houston, Sam, 74, 77, 82, 95, 199.
Houston's report of San Jacinto, 99. Houston's second term, 123.
Hugo, Charles, 30I. Hunnam, Fenwick C., 480. Huth, Albert V., 455.
Ice Manufacture, 220. Immigration, 489. Independence Convention, 89. Indians, I, III. Indian Hostilities, 25, 57.
Indian Hostilities in 1840, 114.
Indians in Missions, 47. Indian Protection, Cost of, 159. Indian Reserves, 160. Indian Warfare in Kendall County, 206. Indianola, 134. International Club. 487. International & Great Northern Rail- road, 250, 353.
Iron-clad oath, 216.
Jackson, Andrew, 4I. Jones, Anson, 145.
Karber, Herman F. F., 423. Karnes, Henry, 95. Kemper, Colonel, 52.
Kendall, George Wilkins, 118, 120, 281.
Kendall's Sheep Ranch, 171.
Kenedy, Mifflin, 23I.
Kerr county, 24I.
Kerrville, 132. Kickapoo Indians, 227.
Kight, Charles N., 330. Kiolbassa. Bernard, 189.
King Ranch, 492, 493. Kirkpatrick, John H., 399.
Kleberg, R. J., 277.
Know-Nothing party, 161.
Koehler, Otto,: 393, 457.
Koelblen, Jacob, 464.
Kothmann, John W., 479.
Kotula, Ed, 19I.
Ku Klux Klan, 222.
LaCoste family, 220.
LaCoste, J. B., 329, 4II.
Lafitte's Pirates, 57.
Lamar's Administration, III.
Lamar, Mirabeau B., III.
Lancaster, Fred H., 458.
Land titles, IIO.
Lankford, John S., 381.
Laredo, Attack on, 204.
LaSalle, 3.
Laurel Heights, 349, 484.
Leon Springs Reservation, 356.
Lewis. Dan, 92.
Lewis & Groesbeck, 93.
Lewis, Nathaniel, 92.
Little, George H., 21I.
Live Stock Industry, described in 1872, 229. Live Stock Industry, History of, 255.
Lockwood, Arthur I., 40I.
Long. James, 58, 421.
Long's Expedition, 58.
Lone Star, Its origin, 308.
Louisiana, French Aggression from, 10.
Louisiana in 1805, 39.
Louisiana Purchase, 31.
Loving, J. C., 277.
Lowe, William A., 474.
Lubbock, Francis R., 201.
Lytle. John T., 277. Lytle. Samuel, 285.
McCaleb, W. F., 43. McCoy, Joseph G .. 260. McCulloch, Henry E., 125. McMullen and McGloin's colony, 67.
viii
INDEX
McMullen county history, 474. McNeel, James S., 252.
Magee. Augustus, 50. Main Plaza, 21, 93. Mainzer Adelsverein, 132. Maltsberger, George W .. 463. Manifest Destiny, 32, 147.
Manzanet, Fray Damian, 7.
Matagorda Bay settlement, 4.
Maverick Hotel, 356.
Maverick, Sam, 128, 262.
Maverick, Samuel A., 340.
Mavericks, 262.
Meat Packery at Rockport, 265.
Meat Refrigeration and Transportation, Beginning of, 267. Medina River, Battle of, 55. Meusebach, John O., 134.
Mexican carts, 221.
Mexican Invasion of 1842, 125.
Mexican Population in the '50s, 161.
Mexican Revolution, 49.
Mexicans, Treatment of, 240.
Mexican War, 146, 286.
Mier Expedition, 130.
Milam, Ben, 79; Death of, 80.
Military Depot, 293.
Military Plaza, 174. 488.
Military Post and Headquarters, 355. Miller, A. S., 125.
Miller, William A. H., 128.
Missions, 13, 18, 24, 47, 155.
Mission Concepcion Skirmish, 79.
Mission of San Antonio de Valero, 15, 18.
Mission San Francisco de los Tejas, 8.
Mission San Jose, 17, 45.
Mission, Second in Texas, 8.
Missions, Failure of the First, 9.
Missions Restored, 13.
Missions Secularized, 26.
Modern Stock Farming, 274.
Moody, G. H., 470.
Moody Sanitarium, 471.
Nacogdoches Rebellion, 113. Natchitoches, II.
National Banks, Southwest Texas, 330.
Navarro, Jose Antonio, 81, 102, 118, II9. Navy of Texas, 124.
Nelson. Thomas C., 305.
Neutral Ground, 50. Neutral Ground Treaty, 42. Nevill. Charles L., 434.
New Braunfels, 132. 124. 168, 169.
New Braunfels in 1858, 170. Newell, Oliver S., 420.
Newton, Frank McC., 433.
Newton. Frank R., 432.
Nolan Expedition, 36. Nolan, Philip, 34. 35.
Noonan, George H., 436. Nordmann, Albert, 481.
Olmsted. Frederick L .. 168.
Olmsted's Account in 1857, 186. Onion growing, 469.
Packing House Industry, New Methods in, 265. Palo Alto, 148.
Panna Maria, 189.
Paschal, Frank, 310.
Paschal, Franklin L., 310.
Paschal, Thomas M., 336.
Pease, Elisha M., 157, 216.
Penrose Courtmartial, 489.
Peonage system, 69.
Perez, Antonio, 444.
Perez, Antonio R., 444.
Perez. Ygnatio, 58.
Perote, Fortress of, 130.
Pike in San Antonio, 45.
Pike, Zebulon M., 39, 45.
Pioneer Flour Mills, 184.
Piper, Frederick A., 395.
Piper, Julius C. A., 312.
Plagge, Professor, 369.
Plazas. 488.
Pleasant Grove, 202.
Pleasant Hill, 202.
Pleasanton, Origin of, 410.
Polish Settlement, 189.
Politics in the '50s, 161.
Political Issues in Wool Business, 282.
Population in 1850, 167.
Powers' colony, 67.
Presidio, 13.
Presidio of San Antonio, 24.
Prospect Hill, 484.
Provisional Government of 1835. 77, 81.
Pryor, Ike T., 277, 278.
Public Debt, 112.
Public Education, 21.
Pueblo, 13.
Ouihi, 187. Quinta, 56.
Rabb, Edward Martin, 308.
Raid of 1878, 246.
Railroad, G. H. & S. A., 294; First in San Antonio, 294.
Railroad in Southwest Texas, 292.
Railroad to Port O'Connor, 397.
Railroads. 498, 500.
Ramon, Diego, 12.
Ramon, Domingo. 12.
Range Cattle Business. 257.
Ranger, A noted, 435-
Rangers. Texas, 113.
Real Estate development of San An- tonio, 483. Reconstruction in Texas, 214.
1x
INDEX
Refrigerator car, 268. Regulators and Moderators, War of, 124.
Reign of Terror in 1813, 56.
Republic of the Rio Grande, 117.
Republican army of Texas, 55.
Resaca de la Palma, 148. Resources and Industry in 1877, 300.
Revolution of 1813, 52, 103.
Revolution of Texas, 83.
Road, Old Presidio, 12.
Rodriguez, Francisco, 22.
Rodriguez, Juan F., 22.
Rote, W. C., 370.
Rough Riders, 357; From San Antonio, 358. Ruiz, Francisco, 104. Runaway scrape, 95.
Runaway scrape, second, 127. Runnels, Hardin R., 198.
S. A. & A. P. R. R., development along, 501.
Sabine Pass, 202.
Saint Denis, Louis Juchereau de, 11, 16.
St. Denis invades Texas, II.
St. Louis College, 378.
St. Mary's Catholic Church, 182.
St. Mary's College, 375.
St. Mary's Hall, 380.
Salado, Battle of, 1813, 52.
Salcedo's Account of Texas, 47.
San Antonio, Founding and Beginnings, 15-23.
San Antonio-first mention of, II; in 1807, 47; surrender of, 53; campaign of 1835. 78; storming of, 79; first mayor, 91; Comanches at, 114; in 1846, 155; in 1857, 171; in 1879, 180; surrender of in 1861, 201 ; and vicin- ity after the war, 218; during 1866, 218; in 1867, 223; wool center, 281 ; in the '70s, 292: banks in, 293; in 1870, 296; city limits in 1879, 296: public lands in 1879, 296; general statistics of 1879, 297: churches in 1879, 297; population in 1879, 297 ; fire department in 1879, 297; Casi- no association, 298; Turn Verein, 298; thirty years ago, 298; streets, 299; cosmopolitan population, 299 ; modern era, 320; past and present, 320; cosmopolitan features, 322 ; health resort, 322; education, 323; public and municipal progress, 324; street railways, 324; public build- ings. 326; streets, 326; parks, 327; water works, 328; population, 329; jobbing center, 332; board of health, 347; improvement districts, 349; new hotel, 350; fair association, 354; "mother-in-law of the army." 355; early schools, 365; schools in 1872,
368; schools in 1879, 369; schools 111 1882, 371; City brewery, 393; early postoffice, 410; early lumber business, 417 ; pioneer lumber bus- iness, 429; pioneer of 1838, 415; early street car system, 451; tourist city, 485; factories, 485; stockyards and packinghouse, 486; fire depart- ment, 486; gambling, 494; building, 497.
San Antonio National Bank, 334, 41I.
San Antonio river, 2, 156, 299.
San Antonio Tent Colony, 431.
Sanborn, Henry B., 273.
San Felipe convention, 73.
San Felipe de Austin, 65.
San Fernando Villa, 18, 20.
San Fernando, Church of, 18.
Sanitation, In San Antonio, 218, 219, 328. San Jacinto Battle, 98.
San Jacinto campaign, 95.
San Jose Mission, 20.
San Juan Bautista, 10, 12.
San Marcos, 169.
San Pedro Park, 328.
San Pedro Springs, 13, 22, 328.
San Saba mission, 25.
Sansom, John W., 204.
Sansom, William G., 205.
Santa Anna, 63, 72, 74, 84, 97.
Santa Anna, Capture of, IOI.
Santa Fe Expedition, 104, 117.
Satcher, Henry T., 466.
Saunders, George W., 287; Live Stock Company, 288.
Schleicher, Gustav, 135.
Schmitt, George J. F., 182.
Schmitt, Joseph, 182.
Schools of San Antonio, 221, 335.
Seguin, 188. Sheep Industry, 121, 281.
Siebrecht, George L., 406.
Simpson, Willard L., 265.
Slaughter, C. C., 276.
Slavery, 69, 90.
Smith, Charles P., 472.
Smith, Deaf, 95, 99, 302.
Smith, Henry, 77.
Smith, J. W., 84, 91.
Solms, Prince, 133. Somervell. General, 129.
Southwest Texas Border, 226.
Southwest Texas Fifty Years Ago, 167.
Southwest Texas in the Civil war, 204. Spanish-American war, 357.
Spanish Conspiracy, 27; Failure of, 29.
Spanish Colonies, Condition of, 38. Spofford. Harriet P., 298.
Stage routes, 168.
Stappenbeck, John, 465.
x
INDEX
Stayton, Robert W., 424.
Steves, Albert, 416.
Steves, Ed, 416.
Stevens, John J., 351. Stockdale, S. F., 267.
Stock Raisers' Association of Western Texas, 230, 236.
Streets and Plazas of San Antonio in I866, 219. Stuemke, George F., 429, 497.
Stumberg, George R., Sr., 446.
Sullivan, Daniel, 398. Sullivan, John C., 398.
Tremlett, Henry W., 477. Tschirhart, Emil P., 443. Turtle Bayou resolutions, 73.
Union Loyal League, 207. Ursuline Academy, 378.
Van Riper, James M., 417.
Van Riper, Charles. 419.
Veramendi, Juan Martin, 103, 476.
Veramendi house, 80.
Vince's bridge, 99. 100.
Volunteer fire department of San An- tonio, 182.
Taylor, Zachary, 150.
Tejas mission, 7.
Teran, Don Domingo, 8.
Terrell, Charles M., 30.1.
Terrell, Edwin H., 339.
Terrell, Henry, 303.
Terry Ranger Statue, 414.
Texas Rangers, 15I.
Texas as a Republic, 109.
Texas Cattle Business, Future Develop- ments in, 280. Texas fever, 259.
Texas in 1809, 47. Texas, Population in 1845, 146.
Texas, the name, 3.
Texas State Troops in Spanish-Amer- ican war, 362. Thomas, Smith S., 476.
Throckmorton, J. W., 215.
Tilden, 474. Tobin Hill, 484 Tobin, John W., 90.
Tobin, William, 91.
Toledo, Governor, 55.
Torres, Modesto, 467.
Tourist Business, 321.
Trade' in San Antonio, 172.
Transportation in the '50s, 173.
Travel in the '50s, 168. Travis at Anahuac, 76.
Travis, William B., 72, 84.
Wahrmund, Otto. 393.
War for Independence, 37, 44.
Weeks. F. W., 396.
West Florida, 28.
West Texas Military Academy, 381.
West Texas, settlers in 1876, 269.
Western boundary of Texas, 157.
Wharton, William H., 74.
San Antonio,
Wholesale Business of 331, 332. Wholesale dry-goods, first in San An- tonio, 395.
Wilkinson, James, 27, 28, 40.
Withers, John, 317.
Withers, Robert Lee, 317.
Woll, General A., 125, 127.
Wood. Geo. T., 157.
Woodhull, Oliver J., 478.
Woods, John, 345.
Woods National Bank, 346.
Wool Business, 192, 281 ; conditions be- fore 1867. 282.
Wool, John B., 150.
Yantis, Jesse, 442. Yoakum, 307.
Zambrano row, 81. Zapata county, 225. Zavala. Lorenzo de. 89, IIO.
Zona Libra, 238, 244.
AUSTIN
-
PECOS.
K
San
- -
Guadalane
R
Mel
Mettsville
FORT BEND
GALVESTO
Caves
Pedro
Fine Spring
lark
Ft.
Frio R
Saladina
M EXDI
Castro ville
Mine
R
Vand
R
C.
.lige
Lauderbur
IATAGORDA Sugarland
key S. Bernhard R.
Fertile 1
La Ming
Leunu
pBoy
Matagorda?
R.
Presidio Road
tvnio R. EFUGIO Refugio
Port Cavallo
Tahle Hill
NUECES
ST. JOSEPH'S I.
Wild Horses and Cattle WEBB
Chris MUSTANG I.
Corpus Christi
Bay
Corpus
Corpus Christi Inlet
+Et. Mc Intosh
CE
Pulce
Laredo
Large Droves of Wild Horses and Cattle
San-Gertrudes R.
Falt Lagom
Lagunadel Madre
ISLA DEL PADRE
BRAVO
Well .
AMERO
Fal Colorado
Alamo
g Salt
Lake
Pt. Isabel
1840
Palo Altow
Mier
Resacade La
1846
Palina
*Ft. Brown
RIO GRANDE
Edinburg
Brownsvilleto
Matamoras
alunes
Vieto
Goliad
toria
al'a
Lavaca
Matagorda Lau_
MATAGORDA PENINSULA
Ft. Merril
+
BEXAR
AK
MATAGORDA I.
Presidio del Rio Grande .
Steam Navigation/(Hooft.long + ft. fall
Lipantitlan San Patrico
Aransas Pass
NUE
Ayua
RIO GRANDE
Fine Grazing Country
STARR
OR
Reproduced from
The Texas Almanac For 1858
Roma Rio Grande City
qFt. Ringgold
ODIVNIH
Bay
Head of
#Kinzbury's Rapids
ce
Lower
Laredo Road
quec'es
ansas
Lamai
MAVERICK
UVALDE
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Lavaca
l'edit
RIO GRANDE
NEY
NE
Ca
VICTORIA
R
Eagle Pass
Chicary
San Mig!
Ft. Duncan T.of Ft. Duncan
Saladina
District
Misswn R.
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Ciljolo
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07.
1
Ft. Lincoln
BEXA
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Richmond
HOUSTON
HARRIS
1:36
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Cal.
Manchaca
AYETTE
a Grange
Fr'uzos
CHa
farris
burg
umbú
Solitun
East
AA
CRA
GCA
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Colorado
RTO
BRAZORIA
Galreston Pass AGALVESTON
Painted
Pallos Blancos
Filipe o 50 ft. u
KI
SECU
Hinds
R
Galveston B
Trinity
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tFt. Ewell
SOUTHWEST TEXAS 50 YEARS AGO, AT THE BEGINNING OF PERMANENT SETTLEMENT AND DEVELOPMENT
HISTORY OF SOUTHWEST TEXAS
CHAPTER I.
EXPLORATION AND DISCOVERY-LA SALLE'S COLONY.
The story of Texas begins with the time when the first civilized man beheld its low-lying shores from the blue waters of the gulf, or for purpose of exploration or in quest of habitation and settlement set foot upon its soil. It is true, for centuries before the caravels of Columbus set forth toward the unknown occident, the wild roving tribes passed and repassed over what we now know as Texas, setting up their beehive huts on the broad prairies or in the shade of the woodlands, rudely scratching the fertile soil and planting and harvesting their crops of grain, hunting with bow and arrow the shaggy buffalo or spearing and netting the abundant fish, and marauding and making war on their near or distant neighbors. They had their joys and their sorrows, their loves and their hates ; among them were degrees of skill and stupidity; they recognized that some must command and the rest obey; and mingling with the few realities was the thread of the mysterious, the awe and terror of the overpowering elements about them, and a certain faith or superstition concerning their fate after death.
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