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GENEALOGY COLLECTION
ALLEN COUNTY PUBLIC LIBRARY 3 1833 02374 7063
PROPERTY OF FRED KRAFT, JR.
ORIGINAL NARRATIVES OF EARLY AMERICAN HISTORY
REPRODUCED UNDER THE AUSPICES OF THE AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION
GENERAL EDITOR, J. FRANKLIN JAMESON, PH.D., LL.D. DIRECTOR OF THE DEPARTMENT OF HISTORICAL RESEARCH IN THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTION OF WASHINGTON
NARRATIVES OF EARLY VIRGINIA 1606-1625
Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2016
https://archive.org/details/narrativesofearl00tyle_0
ORIGINAL NARRATIVES OF EARLY AMERICAN HISTORY
NARRATIVES
OF EARLY VIRGINIA 1606-1625
EDITED
BY
LYON GARDINER TYLER, LL.D.
PRESIDENT OF THE COLLEGE OF WILLIAM AND MARY
WITH A. MAP AND TWO FACSIMILES
CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS NEW YORK
1907
COPYRIGHT, 1907, BY CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS PUBLISHED, OCTOBER, 1907
Banta Pr
NOTE
1142220
THIS volume is intended to include the most important and interesting narratives of that part of Virginian history which extends from the formation to the dissolution of the Virginia Company. In the selection, Captain John Smith's True Relation and the Description of Virginia and account of the Proceedings of the English Colonie which he and his friends drew up have, on well-known historical principles, been preferred to the somewhat ampler but less strictly contemporary version of the transactions of the same period which he gave in the Generall Historie ; but the ensuing period was deemed to be in the main best covered by reproducing the fourth book of the latter treatise.
Dr. Reuben G. Thwaites, Secretary of the State Historical Society of Wisconsin, and the Burrows Brothers Company of Cleveland, the publishers, have kindly permitted use to be made in this volume of the translation of Father Biard's Relation which appeared in the third volume of The Jesuit Relations, edited by Dr. Thwaites. The Massachusetts Historical Society has per- mitted the use of the text of the letter of John Pory, printed in their Collections. The Virginia Historical Society has allowed the editor to reprint from the Virginia Magazine of History "The Discourse of the Old Company." Grateful acknowledgments are made for these favors.
Those texts which have been taken from books printed in the seventeenth century have been carefully collated with copies of the original editions in the Library of Congress. But the use of u and v and i and j has been modernized; many words printed in italics in the original have been put into roman type when the present practice required it; and while the spelling of the original has of course been closely followed, the punctuation of Purchas or of Captain John Smith has not been regarded as equally sacred. The punctuation has been left as in the original whenever no
vi
NOTE
strong reason existed to the contrary; but where the original punctuation does not make sense, nor indicate what was without doubt the author's meaning, as for instance in the case of the True . Relation, of which the author had no chance to examine the proof- sheets, appropriate alterations have been introduced.
Captain Smith's map of Virginia exists in eight states, accord- ing to the classification made by Mr. Wilberforce Eames of the Lenox Library, to whom the general editor is much indebted for information and advice respecting the reproduction of the map. The plate is found in copies of the book (Map and Description) reprinted in this volume, in copies of Purchas's Pilgrimes, and separately, The state used in this volume is the seventh (of Mr. Eames), which contains more data than any of the first six and differs in no significant respect from the eighth. The copy we have photographed, by permission of the New York Public Li- brary, is contained in a copy of Purchas. The figures 1692, 1693, at the top, indicate the pages of Purchas at which it was to be inserted, while the earlier use of the plate in the Generall Historie is shown by the legend "Page 41 Smith " still appearing in the lower right-hand corner. North, it is perhaps needless to mention, lies at the right of the map, west at the top. The longitudes, run- ning from 307 to 311, are apparently calculated by running east- ward from Ferro. The arms of Smith in the lower right-hand corner present the three famous Turks' heads (see p. 27).
The second of our illustrations, the engraved title-page of the Generall Historie, presents in its upper section a map of the coast regions from Maine to North Carolina, based on Smith's earlier explorations in Virginia and later " discoveries " of New England. The lowest section gives contemporary views of aboriginal life in Virginia. Midway are, at the left the arms of the Virginia Com- pany, with the famous motto, En dat Virginia quintum (i.e., a fifth kingdom), and at the right those of the Council for New England.
The facsimile of the first page of the manuscript records of the Virginia Company, from a photograph made by permission of the Library of Congress, shows the beginning of the minutes for the "quarter court" of April 28, 1619. This was a critical day in the history of the company. Sir Thomas Smith, the Treasurer, as may be seen by reading the concluding lines, " signi- fying that for these Twelve yeares he hath willingly spent his
vii
NOTE
Labors and endeavors for the support " of the Company, requested them " now to dispense with him and to elect some worthy man in his place "; and they elected Sir Edwin Sandys. The legend at the foot of the page, "Conc Collingwood," is the attestation (concordat) of the secretary of the Company to the correctness of the copy.
J. F. J.
CONTENTS
NARRATIVES OF EARLY VIRGINIA EDITED BY LYON GARDINER TYLER, LL.D.
OBSERVATIONS BY MASTER GEORGE PERCY, 1607
PAGE
INTRODUCTION . . .
3
Its Adventures in the West Indies
6
Enters Chesapeake Bay .
9
Some of the Settlers visit Kecoughtan
11
The Ships ascend the River .
· 13
They reach the Place of Settlement on Jamestown Island
· 15
Habits and Customs of the Indians
. 18
Captain Newport returns to England
· 19
Sufferings during the Summer
20
President Wingfield deposed .
.
· 22
A TRUE RELATION, BY CAPTAIN JOHN SMITH, 1608 25
INTRODUCTION
. 27
Description of the Voyage ·
· 32
Settlement on Jamestown Island ; Exploration of the River Indian Attack; Newport sails for England .
35
Sufferings during the Summer
· 36
President Wingfield deposed .
37
Efforts to obtain Corn
. 37
Smith explores Chickahominy River
· 39
Captured by the Indians
. 44
Is taken to Werowocomoco
. 47
Description of the Pamunkey River
· 50
Customs of the Indians .
· 51
Smith is sent back to Jamestown .
. 52
Arrival of Captain Newport with the First Supply The Fort burned
· 52
. 52
Newport and Smith visit Werowocomoco
53
Trading with the Indians
55
Visits to Pamunkey and Nansemond
60
Captain Newport returns to England
61
Arrival of Captain Nelson
. 64
Trees felled and Corn planted .
. 65
·
1
The Fleet bearing the Emigrants to Virginia leaves London
5
ix
. 33
X
CONTENTS
PAGE
Punishment of thieving Indians .
. 66
Pocahontas visits the Fort
. 69
Captain Nelson returns to England
· 71
DESCRIPTION OF VIRGINIA AND PROCEEDINGS OF THE COLONIE 73
INTRODUCTION
. 75
Title and Prefaces of the Description
Indian Vocabulary
Climate of Virginia
. 80
Chesapeake Bay and Mountains
· 82
Rivers
. 83
Tribes of Indians
· 84
Varieties of Trees
. 90
Berries and Roots
. 92
Animals .
· 93
Birds
. 94
Minerals and Vegetable Products
· 95
Commodities
. 97
Appearance and Manners of the Natives
. 99
Their Dwellings
. 100
Their Habits and Customs
. 101
Their Religion
. 108
Their Government ,
. 113
Smith's Explanation of the Troubles at Jamestown
. 117
Title and Preface of the Proceedings
. 119
Beginnings of the Virginia Company
. 121
Sailing of the Fleet .
. 122
Arrival at Jamestown
. 123
Names of the First Planters
. 125
Experiences of the First Summer
. 127
Smith's Trading Voyages
. 129
Captured by the Savages
. 130
Arrival of the First Supply
. 132
Trading with the Savages
. 133
Newport visits Powhatan at Werowocomoco
. 134
Burning of Jamestown .
. 135
The Gold Craze at Jamestown
. 136
Newport returns to England .
. 137
Arrival of the Phoenix under Captain Nelson
. 137
How Smith frightened the Savages
. 138
The Phoenix returns to England
. 139
Names of those who came in the First Supply
. 140
Smith's First Voyage up Chesapeake Bay
. 141
Discovers the Potomac River .
. 144
Wounded by a Stingray ; returns to Jamestown
. 146
His Second Voyage up Chesapeake Bay
. 147
· 76 78
CONTENTS
xi
PAGE
He becomes President .
. .
. 151
Arrival and Return of the Second Supply
. 152
Smith visits Werowocomoco .
153
The Coronation of Powhatan
. 155
Arrival of the First Woman in the Colony
, 155
Newport's Explorations; Smith's Management
. 156
Evils wrought by Private Trading . . 158
Names of those who came in the Second Supply
159
Smith's Voyage to York River
. 161
Experiences at Werowocomoco ; Discourse with Powhatan
. 163
Visits to Opechancanough at Pamunkey
, 170
Death of Matthew Scrivener, Peter Waldo, and Anthony Gosnoll Difficulties in settling Virginia
. 177
Smith's Measures as President in the Spring of 1609
. 180
His Hand-to-hand Fight with the Paspahegh Chief
, 181
Makes Peace with the Indians
. 183
The Rats eat up the Corn
. 185
Smith's Efforts to supply Provisions
. 186
Volda's Treachery .
. 188
Arrival of the Third Supply .
. 191
Dissensions with the Newcomers
. 192
Smith is injured by Gunpowder
. 195
Sails for England
. 196
Review of his Administration
. 197
The Starving Time
. 200
Arrival of Sir Thomas Gates
. 201
Death of Sir George Somers .
. 203
THE RELATION OF THE LORD DE-LA-WARE, 1611
. 205
INTRODUCTION
. 207
Severe Experiences
.210
Condition of the Colony
211
Establishment of Three New Forts
. 212
LETTER OF DON DIEGO DE MOLINA, 1613 . . 215
INTRODUCTION
. 217
Urges the Spanish King to destroy the Colony promptly
. 218
Dangers which may be expected
. 219
Condition of the English Settlements
. 220
Chesapeake Bay described
. 222
Forts in Virginia
. 223
LETTER OF FATHER PIERRE BIARD, 1614
. 225
INTRODUCTION
. 227
Describes the English Attack on Mount Desert Island
. 228
. 174
xii
CONTENTS
PAGE
Is carried to Virginia · . . 230
Is present at the Destruction of Port Royal next year
. 231
Dangers of the Voyage to England
. 231
LETTER OF JOHN ROLFE, 1614
. 235
INTRODUCTION
. 237
His reasons for marrying Pocahontas
. 239
PROCEEDINGS OF THE VIRGINIA ASSEMBLY, 1619
. 245
INTRODUCTION
. 247
List of Burgesses
. 249
Captain Martin's Plantation denied Representation Committees appointed
. 256
Petitions to the Authorities in England
. 257
The Great Charter; the Price of Tobacco
. 259
Captain Martin's Patent
. 261
Laws based on Instructions from England
. 262
Laws proposed by Individual Burgesses
. 268
Captain Spelman punished
. 274
Argall's Town
. 275
Final Proceedings . ·
. 276
LETTER OF JOHN PORY, 1619
. 279
INTRODUCTION
. 281
Condition of the Colony
. 282
GENERALL HISTORIE OF VIRGINIA BY CAPTAIN JOHN SMITH, 1624;
THE FOURTH BOOKE
. 289
INTRODUCTION
. 291
The Starving Time
. 295
Arrival of Sir Thomas Gates; Jamestown abandoned .
. 296
Saved by the Coming of Lord Delaware
. 297
His Administration of the Colony
. 299
Returns to England
. 301
Arrival of Sir Thomas Dale
. 302
Institutes a Severe Government; Gates returns ; Henrico founded
. 304
Jamestown described
. 306
Capture of Pocahontas
. 307
Her Marriage with John Rolfe
. 310
Peace with the Indians
. 311
Private Property First Instituted .
. 312
Ralph Hamor's Visit to Powhatan
. 313
William Parker recovered
. 315
Remarks of Dale and Whitaker
. 316
The Lottery
. 318
. 251
CONTENTS
xiii
PAGE
Spanish Spies at Point Comfort · .
. 320
The Government of Sir George Yeardley He reduces the Indians to Peace ·
. 321
Pocahontas visits England
. 325
Captain Smith's Letter to Queen Anne
. 325
Death of Pocahontas
. 330
The Government of Captain Samuel Argall
. 330 . 331.
Murder of Killingbeck and of William Fairfax's Family
. 333
The State of the Colony told by Rolfe .
. 334
Death of Powhatan
. 334
Second Government of Sir George Yeardley
. 335
Fertility of the Land in Virginia .
. 336
The First General Assembly ; the First Negroes
. 337
Division of Lands .
. 338
Young Maidens sent over; Gifts to the College
. 339
A Desperate Sea-fight
. 340
Great Fortunes from Tobacco
. 346
Mr. Stockden's Warning
. 347
Government of Sir Francis Wyatt
. 348 . 349
Large Emigration to Virginia
. 350
Voyage of John Pory to Accomack
. 351
Tenants for the College and School sent over The Indian Massacre
. 357
Reflections upon it .
. 364
The Number slain at the different Settlements
. 368
Captain Thomas Newce's Industry
. 371
Captain Raleigh Croshaw's Voyage to Potomac Smith's Proposals .
. 373
Answer of the Company; its Dissensions
. 375
Adventures of Captain Madison
.
. 378
Captain Thomas Newce at Elizabeth City
. 378
Madison attacks the King of the Potomacs .
. 381
Sir George Yeardley attacks the Nansemonds
. 384
Smith's Suggestions
. 386
Arrival of Captain Butler
. 389
Adventure of John Argent
. 389
Death of Captain Spelman
. . 392
Outfit for a Virginia Planter .
. 393
Smith's Review of his Administration
. 395
Questions of the Commissioners and Answers by Smith . 399
Dissolution of the Virginia Company · . 405
. 372
Escape of Edward Waters
. 376
Captain Gookin settles at Newport News
. 356
Lord Delaware dies on the Voyage over
. 323
xiv
CONTENTS
THE VIRGINIA PLANTERS' ANSWER TO CAPTAIN BUTLER, 1623
PAGE 409
INTRODUCTION
.411
Defence as to Climate and Natural Qualities ·
.
·
. . 412
Defence as to Prosperity and Improvements
. 414
THE TRAGICAL RELATION OF THE VIRGINIA ASSEMBLY, 1624 . 419
INTRODUCTION
. 421
Martial Law complained of
. 422
Insufficient Supplies
. 423
Terrible Mortality .
. 424
Sir Thomas Smith's Government a Failure
. 425
THE DISCOURSE OF THE OLD COMPANY, 1625 . 427
INTRODUCTION
. 429
Results of the First Twelve Years .
. 432
Results of the Government of Sandys and Southampton Difficulties encountered in the Latter Time
. 434
. 436
Captain Butler's Attack
. 438
Unhappy Results of the Revocation of the Charter Troubles experienced from Factious Enemies
. 440
The Tobacco Contracts .
. 446
History of the Revocation of the Charter
. 450
Insufficiency of the Succeeding Management
. 445
·
. 455
MAP AND FACSIMILE REPRODUCTIONS
PAGE
CAPTAIN JOHN SMITH'S MAP OF VIRGINIA. From a copy in the New York Public Library (Lenox Building) 76
TITLE-PAGE OF CAPTAIN JOHN SMITH'S GENERALL HISTORIE OF VIR- GINIA. From a copy in the New York Public Library (Lenox Build- ing) . 292
FACSIMILE OF THE FIRST PAGE OF THE RECORDS OF THE VIRGINIA COMPANY. From the original manuscript in the Library of Congress . 334
XV
OBSERVATIONS BY MASTER GEORGE PERCY, 1607
INTRODUCTION
GEORGE PERCY was the eighth son of Henry, eighth earl of Northumberland, by his wife Catherine, eldest daughter of John Neville, Lord Latimer. He was born September 4, 1580; served for a time as a soldier in the Netherlands; sailed for Virginia in the first expedition, December 20, 1606, and was president during the terrible time from September, 1609, to the arrival of Gates in May, 1610. When Lord Delaware left Jamestown in March, 1611, Percy was again placed at the head of the colony until the arrival of Dale in May following. He left Virginia April 22, 1612, and reached England in the fol- lowing summer. He never returned to Virginia, but about 1625, when war was declared with Spain, he went again to the Netherlands, where as captain of a company he dis- tinguished himself, and lost a finger in battle. He died un- married in 1632. The fact that he was three times trusted with the supreme command in Virginia attests the good opinion entertained of his character, courage, and abilities.
The Observations, etc., gives in minute detail the incidents of the first voyage to Virginia, and is the straightforward account of an eye-witness and prominent actor. The original manu- script is not preserved, and what has come down to us is only an abridgment published for the first time in 1625 by Samuel Purchas, who assigns as a reason for the omissions he made in it that "the rest is more fully set downe in Cap. Smiths Rela- tions." The narrative is to be found in Purchas his Pilgrimes, IV. 1685-1690, of the original edition. It presents the fullest account we have of the voyage and of the first events of the settlement, to Newport's departure, June 22, 1607. Of the
3
4
NARRATIVES OF EARLY VIRGINIA
other accounts of the earliest months of the colony, Wingfield's Discourse of Virginia, printed in the fourth volume of the Archaeologia Americana and separately (Worcester, 1860), begins at that point ; but it is too largely a partisan account of the author's quarrels with his fellow-members of the council to have the same sort of value as Percy's story. There is also the Relatyon called Newport's, though perhaps written by Archer, likewise printed in the Archaeologia, Vol. IV .; but this is almost confined to the exploration of James River, May 21- 27. Captain John Smith's True Relation, the most important narrative of the early days, which begins to be explicit about where what we have of Percy leaves off, is printed next after it in this volume. Purchas's text was reprinted by Edward Arber in his edition of Smith's Works (Birmingham, 1884), to which Wingfield and Archer are also prefixed. It has also, of course, been reprinted in the edition of Purchas which has now (July, 1907) just finished passing through the press.
L. G. T.
OBSERVATIONS BY MASTER GEORGE PERCY, 1607
Observations gathered out of a Discourse of the Plantation of the Southerne Colonie in Virginia by the English, 1606. Written by that Honorable Gentleman, Master George Percy.
ON Saturday the twentieth of December in the yeere 1606. the fleet fell from London,1 and the fift of January we anchored in the Downes: but the winds continued contrarie so long, that we were forced to stay there some time, where wee suf- fered great stormes, but by the skilfulnesse of the Captaine wee suffered no great losse or danger.
The twelfth day of February at night we saw a blazing Starre, and presently a storme.
The three and twentieth day 2 we fell with the Iland of Mattanenio,3 in the West Indies. The foure and twentieth day we anchored at Dominico,4 within fourteene degrees of the Line, a very faire Iland, the Trees full of sweet and good smels; inhabited by many Savage Indians. They were at first very scrupulous to come aboord us. Wee learned of them afterwards that the Spaniards had given them a great over-
1 The fleet sailed down the Thames from London. The Downs is a cele- brated roadstead for ships, extending six miles along the seacoast of Kent in England, protected on the sea side by the Goodwin Sands.
2 Of March.
3 Martinique.
4 Dominica. Purchas says at this point in the margin, "Captaine Smith was suspected for a supposed Mutinie, though never no such matter." Smith says in his Generall Historie, folio 43, that "all this time from their departure from the Canaries" to June 10, he "was restrained as a prisoner upon the scandalous suggestions of some of the chiefe, who fained he in- tended to usurp the government, murther the Councell, and make himselfe King."
5
6
NARRATIVES OF EARLY VIRGINIA
[1607
throw on this Ile, but when they knew what we were, there came many to our ships with their Canoas, bringing us many kindes of sundry fruites, as Pines, Potatoes, Plantons, Tobacco, and other fruits, and Roane Cloth abundance, which they had gotten out of certaine Spanish ships that were cast away upon that Iland. We gave them Knives, Hatchets for ex- change, which they esteeme much. Wee also gave them Beades, Copper Jewels which they hang through their nosthrils, eares, and lips, very strange to behold. Their bodies are all painted red to keepe away the biting of Muscetos. They goe all naked without covering. The haire of their head is a yard long, all of a length, pleated in three plats hanging downe to their wastes. They suffer no haire to grow on their faces. They cut 1 their skinnes in divers workes. They are continually in warres, and will eate their enemies when they kill them, or any stranger if they take them. They will lap up mans spittle, whilst one spits in their mouthes, in a barbarous fashion like Dogges. These people and the rest of the Ilands in the West Indies, and Brasill, are called by the names of Canibals,2 that will eate mans flesh. These people doe poyson their Arrow heads, which are made of a fishes bone. They worship the Devill for their God, and have no other beliefe.
Whilest we remayned at this Iland we saw a Whale chased by a Thresher and a Sword-fish. They fought for the space of two houres. We might see the Thresher with his flayle lay on the monstrous blowes which was strange to behold. In the end these two fishes brought the Whale to her end.
The sixe and twentieth day we had sight of Marigalanta,3 and the next day, wee sailed with a slacke saile alongst the Ile of Guadalupa, where we went ashore, and found a Bath which was so hot, that no man was able to stand long by it. Our Admirall, Captaine Newport, caused a piece of Porke to be put in it; which boyled it so in the space of halfe an houre,
1 Tattoo.
2 See The Northmen, Columbus and Cabot, in this series, p. 289, note 2.
8 Marie Galante, a French possession.
1607]
OBSERVATIONS BY GEORGE PERCY
7
as no fire could mend it. Then we went aboord and sailed by many Ilands, as Mounserot 1 and an Iland called Saint Christopher, both uninhabited. About two o'clocke in the afternoone wee anchored at the Ile of Mevis.2 There the Captaine landed all his men being well fitted with Muskets and other convenient Armes; marched a mile into the Woods; being commanded to stand upon their guard, fearing the treacherie of the Indians, which is an ordinary use amongst them and all other Savages on this Ile. We came to a Bath standing in a Valley betwixt two Hils, where wee bathed our selves; and found it to be of the nature of the Bathes in Eng- land, some places hot and some colder : and men may refresh themselves as they please. Finding this place to be so con- venient for our men to avoid diseases which will breed in so long a Voyage, wee incamped our selves on this Ile sixe dayes, and spent none of our ships victuall, by reason our men some went a hunting, some a fouling, and some a fishing, where we got great store of Conies, sundry kinds of fowles, and great plentie of fish. We kept Centinels and Courts de gard 3 at every Cap- taines quarter, fearing wee should be assaulted by the Indians, that were on the other side of the Iland. Wee saw none, nor were molested by any ; but some few we saw as we were a. hunting on the Iland. They would not come to us by any meanes, but ranne swiftly through the Woods to the Mountaine tops; so we lost the sight of them; whereupon we made all the haste wee could to our quarter, thinking there had beene a great ambush of Indians there abouts. We past into the thick- est of the Woods, where we had almost lost our selves. We had not gone above halfe a mile amongst the thicke, but we came into a most pleasant Garden, being a hundred paces square on every side, having many Cotton-trees growing in it with abundance of Cotton-wooll, and many Guiacum trees. Wee saw the goodliest tall trees growing so thicke about the Garden, as though they had beene set by Art, which made us marvell very much to see it.
1 Montserrat. 2 Nevis.
3 Watches.
8
NARRATIVES OF EARLY VIRGINIA
[1607
The third day 1 wee set saile from Mevis. The fourth day we sailed along by Castutia 2 and by Saba. This day we anchored at the Ile of Virgines 3 in an excellent Bay able to harbour a hundred Ships. If this Bay stood in England, it would be a great profit and commoditie to the Land. On this Iland wee caught great store of Fresh-fish, and abundance of Sea Tortoises, which served all our Fleet three daies, which were in number eight score persons. We also killed great store of wild Fowle. Wee cut the Barkes of certaine Trees which tasted much like Cinnamon, and very hot in the mouth. This Iland in some places hath very good ground, straight and tall Timber. But the greatest discommoditie that wee have seene on this Iland is that it hath no Fresh-water, which makes the place void of any Inhabitants.
Upon the sixt day, we set saile and passed by Becam 4 and by Saint John de porto rico.5 The seventh day we arrived at Mona : where wee watered, which we stood in great need of, seeing that our water did smell so vildly that none of our men was able to indure it. Whilst some of the Saylers were a filling the Caskes with water, the Captaine and the rest of the Gentlemen, and other Soldiers, marched up in the Ile sixe myles, thinking to find some other provision to maintaine our victualling. As we marched we killed two wild Bores, and saw a huge wild Bull, his hornes was an ell betweene the two tops. We also killed Guanas 6 in fashion of a Serpent, and speckled like a Toade under the belly. These wayes that wee went, being so troublesome and vilde, going upon the sharpe Rockes, that many of our men fainted in the march, but by good fortune wee lost none but one Edward Brookes Gentleman, whose fat melted within him by the great heate and drought of the Countrey. We were not able to relieve him nor our selves, so he died in that great extreamitie.
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