USA > Washington > Spokane County > Spokane > History of the city of Spokane and Spokane County, Washington : from its earliest settlement to the present time, Volume I > Part 54
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CHAPTER XLV
SPOKANE IN TENTS AND ON RUNNERS
SEVERE WINTER OF 1889-90- RAILROADS BLOCKED AND TRAINS SNOWED IN-SPOKANE AT A LOW EBB MORALLY-"DUTCH JAKE'S FAMOUS GAMBLING TENT- KILLING OF "BIG MAC" -LAW AND ORDER LEAGUE ORGANIZED-GAMBLING HOUSES CLOSED, BUT REOPEN-MONROE STREET BRIDGE TROUBLES-TIDE LAND FIGHT-SPOKANE CLUB FOUNDED-CITY LIMITS EXTENDED-SPOKANE'S FIRST PROFESSIONAL BALL TEAM- CLOUGH ELECTED MAYOR-THE "SHANTYTOWN WAR - CITIZENS DEFEND THEIR LOTS WITH RIFLE AND REVOLVER-FIRST MINING EXCHANGE-ORIGIN OF HOME FOR THE FRIENDLESS-CARPENTERS STRIKE AND CITIZENS RALLY TO COMPLETE EXPOSITION BUILDING-WILSON DEFEATS TURNER-AUDITORIUM THEATER OPENED.
P IONEERS will long reeall the severe winter of 1889-90, intensified by the primitive tented structures which were hurriedly thrown up in the business district after the August fire. Heavy snows fell early, and the earth was hidden for three months or more. The temperature fell as low as twenty-three below. "All Spokane is on runners." observed an eastern visitor. "All the hacks. coupes. express wagons, lumber wagons and heavy trueks are fitted with runners, and a street seene is a queer incongruity. The effect is heightened by the number of handsome entters of all the different graceful styles-the double sleighs of English and Parisian designs, and the stately and elegant Russian models." Even the gurneys went on runners that winter.
All the railroads were blockaded. and on the Central Washington branch train service was suspended for weeks. An O. R. & N. passenger train from Portland was caught in a deep eut between Tekoa and Latah, was abandoned by passengers and crew, and lay there for weeks, completely buried in snow and blocking all traffie on that line. In some towns on the Central Washington line the stocks of kerosene and candles gave ont, and the citizens sat in darkness. or went carly to bed to escape the gloom.
Morally Spokane was at low cbb. A score or more of gambling tents, with frontage on Riverside, Sprague and Main, were noisy with the raveous cries of the dealers. the eliek of "chips," and the confused babel of restless throngs. Of these resorts that conducted by Jacob Goetz ("Duteh Jake") and Harry Baer, on the north side of Riverside between Post and Lincoln, was easily the chief. Within its tented area of 50x150 it was no uncommon sight to see 1,000 men or more playing at a dozen games of chance, or dining at the excellent restaurant which the resort maintained. Literally one could there eat a steak and play at faro synchronously without moving from his seat.
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In the snowy street before this tent, on the night of January 10, Harry Baer, as he claimed in self-defense, shot and mortally wounded a disreputable character known as "Big Mac" MeCrossen. Baer was cjeeting another man from the tent. MeCrossen interfered, an altercation followed, and the pistol shot rang out on the frosty air. The wounded man ran a few steps and fell in the snow: was carried to the hospital, and died a half hour later. Testimony before the coroner's jury contended that MeCrossen first struck Baer a stinging blow over the eye, and the jury found that "the killing was perfectly justifiable." Later Mr. Baer was tried in the superior court and acquitted.
Like a flash of lightning and a peal of thunder the fatal shot aroused the dor- mant moral conscience of the community. Press and pulpit called on the officers of the law to elose the gambling games, and organization of a Law of Order League quickly followed. "Here we have a vice," declared the Review, "which outs like a two-edged sword. wrecking the lives of all who tamper with it; a 'business' which has never produced a morsel of food or shred of raiment. or contributed a cent to the world's capital. And yet there are men who gravely assert that gambling is essential to the prosperity of a city. Nevermore will vice and lawlessness lift their heads so arrogantly as during the period following the great fire of last August. A flame of public opinion has been aroused that may be relied upon to protect the homes of Spokane and shield the sons and daughters of this fair young city."
By order of Mayor Fred. Furth, Chief of Police Joel F. Warren, on January 11, visited the gambling houses and notified the proprietors to close their games. That afternoon the Law and Order League had taken out warrants for the arrest of a number of gamblers, but when it was learned that the mayor had ordered the games closed they were not served.
Spokane. however, was not ready to maintain a firm stand against public gambling. In a little while the storm of public indignation passed over, and within a few weeks the games were again in operation, though in a more guarded and less offensive manner.
In congress Representative John L. Wilson introduced a bill for a $300,000 publie building in Spokane. More than twenty years were to roll away before the expectant citizens should see the consummation of that measure.
In January the final papers of the treaty between the United States and the Coeur d'Alene Indians were signed at DeSmet mission on the reservation occupied by that tribe. The Indians were paid $250.000 for 220,000 acres. Ben Simp- son of Alabama and George A. Shoup of Idaho were commissioners for the United States.
On recommendation of Senators Squire and Allen, the president. January 18. appointed Patrick Henry Winston of Spokane United States district attorney for Washington.
Even then the city had its Monroe street bridge troubles. The first structure was a cheap wooden bridge that cost $12.500. Of this sum the city was to pay $15.000. the Cable Railway company $12,500, and benefited property owners along the street the remaining $15,000. The city withheld its payment. regarding the bridge as uusafe and not built up to specifications. Thereupon the Cable com- pany nailed up the entrances and attached signs bearing the legend. "Private
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Property ; no Crossing." Later the bridge was strengthened to the satisfaction of the city and again opened to public use.
In the legislature the chief issue that winter was the tide land question. A bill was pending to permit owners of abutting shore lands to buy the state's tide- lands under a preferential scheme that would return to the public only a small fraction of their real value. Under leadership of Attorney General W. C. Jones, eastern Washington protested sharply against the raid, and the Review gave vigorous support to the protestants. "The tide lands of the state of Washing- ton," said that paper, "are worth millions of dollars. By express and explicit declaration of the constitution they belong to the people, and under honest con- trol would be the means of reducing taxation and placing the finances of the state upon so firm a foundation that they would be the glory of the commonwealth. But there is danger, under a foul conspiracy, and with the aid of cheap and cor- rupt men, that this magnificent heritage of our fair young state will pass into the hands of an audacious clique at an outrageous fraction of its true value."
When the bill came up for passage in the house, it was first defeated by the almost solid adverse vote of Spokane and Whitman counties, only Clark and Grubbe of Spokane voting for it. A few days later the defeated grabbers rallied for a second effort and the bill was passed on reconsideration. Later it passed the senate and was approved by Governor Ferry of Scattle. Railroads and manu- facturing interests have since bought much of these tidelands in the Seattle and Tacoma harbors at prices running as high as a thousand times greater than the prices received by the state. In some cases lands sold by the state for a few thou- sand dollars were resold within sixty days at prices forty times in excess of the meager prices received by the state.
The Spokane Club came into being this year. and took quarters in March in a building adjoining the Spokane hotel on First avenue. Its charter members were H. B. Nichols, W. H. Taylor, A. A. Newbery, J. L. Prickett, H. Bolster, J. W. Chapman, Warren Hussey, Fred. Chamberlain, B. C. VanHouten, T. J. Hay, F. R. Moore, H. W. Augustine, Ben Norman, T. E. Jefferson, F. Lewis Clark, Lane Gilliam, N. Fred. Essig. H. L. Wilson, C. R. Burns, Fred. Mason ; these twenty subscribing each for $500 of the $10,000 capital stock. A. A. New- bery was the first president ; W. H. Taylor, treasurer; H. B. Nichols, secretary ; and H. Bolster, F. R. Moore. T. E. Jefferson, J. W. Chapman and C. R. Burns. vice-presidents.
The legislature created an additional superior judgeship for Spokane county, and Governor Ferry appointed J. M. Kinnaird. Poor Kinnaird! Little thought he or his friends that Fate held in store for him a black and tragic ending.
This spring the city limits were extended, from two miles to three and a half miles square, adding one mile on the north and a half on the south, one mile on the east and a half on the west.
Sunday morning, March 9, appeared the first number of the daily Spokesman.
Professional baseball in Spokane dates from March 10, when a stock company was organized with $10,000 capital, by J. D. Sherwood. T. E. Jefferson, F. R. Moore, H. Bolster, II. C. Holmes, H. L. Cutter. A. S. Moore and C. H. Moore. John S. Barnes came out from St. Paul to manage Spokane's first team, which
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won the pennant in 1890, an achievement not to have repetiton until exactly twenty years thereafter.
Tom Jefferson was president; Mose Oppenheimer, first vice-president; Joe Hanauer, second vice-president ; F. K. MeBroom, treasurer ; W. F. Kennedy, secre- tary. The club had membership in the Pacific Northwest Baseball League, with Portland, Seattle and Tacoma, which in turn was a member of the National League of America. Under the rules no club could expend more than $1,000 a month for players.
Spokane had that spring a season of grand opera, Emma Juch and company singing "Faust" and "Carmen" in old Concordia hall on Second avenue west of Monroe. "Never before," said the Review, "have the wealth. beauty and fashion of this fair young city turned out in such numbers."
For mayor. C. F. Clough ran against F. E. Curtis. The election fell on April 1, and Clough polled 791 votes, Curtis 371. J. S. Watson was elected city treas- urer. P. F. Quinn eity attorney. M. G. Harbord chief of police. J. Nestor city assessor, and E. C. Covey. E. J. Fellowes. E. H. Bartlett and A. Traut to the council.
Probably the most spectacular and exciting event of 1890 was the "Shanty- town war," which grew out of a three-cornered contest over the immensely valuable tract lying between Mill and Division, west and east, and Sprague and the alley between Sixth and Seventh, north and south. This land had been settled on by Enoch, a sub-chief of the Spokanes. prior to the coming of the first white settlers. Enoch, in 1874. indneed H. T. Cowley to come to Spokane as missionary and teacher, and gave him a part of his tract. The land fell within the grant of the Northern Pacific, which contested Enoch's claim. Cowley entered into contract with the railroad company to buy his portion. but the company subsequently repu- diated the contract, and to clear its title bought Enoch off. L. H. Prather and others raised the legal point that Enoch could not legally transfer, and that when he abandoned the land it reverted to the public domain. On this theory they peti- tioned the secretary of the interior to convert the land into a public townsite, and made sufficient impression to lead Secretary Noble to designate a day for a public hearing. That started the "boomers" with a rush. All day April 16, and through the night as well, "Shantytown" presented a novel and a stirring sight. Hun- dreds of squatters were building shacks on their "claims." and in self-protection many citizens who had bought lots from the Northern Pacific hurriedly threw up shanties, to be "on the safe side." Among the lots jumped was one but recently bought by the Catholic church for $10,500. Otto Bringgold, living on his two lots at Fourth and Bernard, took a Winchester rifle and drove the jumpers from his place. For $12,500 the Congregational church had recently bought from the Northern Pacific the southeast corner of Fourth and Washington. These were jumped, and Rev. Jonathan Edwards, the pastor, was assaulted by the claimants.
Horace L .. Cutter held his lot on Fifth, between Washington and Bernard, by building a shanty, and Fred MeBroom fenced in his lot on Fourth. Two lots owned by G. B. Dennis on Fifth were jumped and shacks erected.
The following day citizens who had bought from the railroad rallied in force and demolished a large minber of the shanties, and H. T. Cowley caused the arrest of a number of men who had jumped lots on his tract. Twenty special police-
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men and a large number of sheriffs' deputies were kept on the seene to preserve law and order. Later Secretary Noble decided that as Enoeh had never severed his tribal relations, he could not take land in severalty, thus disposing of the elaims of the squatters. The contest between Mr. Cowley and the Northern Paeifie dragged its weary way for nearly twenty years through the departments and the courts, with Cowley winning at every turn; and in the end the railroad was glad to make a settlement on the basis of yielding all exeept the right of way and lots it had deeded to others, in lieu of which it paid Mr. Cowley $25,000 in cash.
At its height Shantytown boasted of 100 shaeks, but it faded away under the adverse decisions, and when B. E. Barinds, representing the property owners. leased forty aeres of school section 16 in the east end, platted it as Meehanies- ville, and offered the survivors free occupaney of a lot for one year, many of them moved out there and years later bought at low prices from the state.
Henry B. Clifford eame to Spokane in the spring and worked up loeal senti- ment for a smelter. Several public meetings were held, a right of way seeured for a railroad down the Spokane river five miles, and Clifford, returning east, gave lectures and sold stock, enlisted the support of Robert G. Ingersoll, the famous agnostie, and finally built the smelter whose dismantled ruins still adorn a flat on the river shore just below Fairmount cemetery.
Early in May Spokane's first mining exchange was organized. Among the members were F. R. Wilcox, T. S. Griffith, L. C. Dillman, R. S. Oakley, R. H. Kemp, F. E. Goodall, J. Hananer, Knox Johnson, Warren Hussey, H. M. Augus- tine. W. H. Taylor, F. R. Moore. B. E. Barinds, L. K. Armstrong, E. J. Brickell, B. H. Bennett, L. MacLean, Sam Silverman, S. Oppenheimer, J. W. Chapman, C. W. Ide and E. J. M. Hale. Warren Hussey was president, F. E. Goodall vice-president. and L. K. Armstrong secretary.
The New Home for the Friendless was dedicated May 22. It grew out of a "Mother Goose" charity ball, held in December, 1886. The idea originated with Miss Fannie Reamer, and Mrs. John Todd, Mrs. A. B. Wheeler, Mrs. Wm. Butter- worth, Miss Kate Reamer and Miss Mollie Seott sold tickets. The ball was held in the old opera house, corner of Post and Riverside, the ladies appearing in "Mother Goose" costumes, and netted $145. On the evening of January 17, 1887. the ladies who gave the ball met at the residenee of Mrs. Butterworth and organized the Ladies' Benevolent society: Mrs. John Todd, president; Miss Fan- nie Reamer, first vice-president; Mrs. A. B. Junken, second vice-president. The society was incorporated April 1, 1888. In February, 1889, J. J. Browne donated two lots in Central addition. Mrs. J. J. Browne, Mrs. T. E. Jefferson, Mrs. D. F. Wetzel, and Mrs. A. J. Ross were named a committee on plans. The fire relief committee donated $8,000, and the building was erected.
Fire, the night of July 23, burned the Monroe street bridge and a number of frame business structures on North Monroe. At the same time another fire broke out.on Second avenue in the business district. The water supply failed, and for a while it seemed that the town was to suffer another sweeping conflagration. Fortunately the night was ealm, and the two blazes slowly burned themselves out with a loss of $200,000. Agitation followed for a reservoir and a more adequate water supply.
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Fire at Wallace, Idaho, July 28, consumed the entire business district. at a loss of half a million dollars.
Connection was made in August, by the Spokane Falls & Northern and a line of steamboats from Northport, with the main line of the Canadian Pacific at Revelstoke, and the first through passengers arrived in Spokane the 15th.
August 28 all the union carpenters employed by the Spokane Mill company went out on strike, and a week later the union men at work on the Auditorium building went out on a refusal to use material from the mill company. The strike soon became general among the carpenters, who protested against long hours and wages that were inadequate to the high cost of living. They had been working ten hours for three dollars, and demanded a reduction of one hour without any cut in the wage seale. Their demand was undoubtedly just and moderate, but un- fortunately they alienated public sentiment by withdrawing their men from the building then under construction by the Spokane Industrial Exposition. This action, taken September 17, with the date of opening drawing near, menaced the success of an enterprise dear to the publie heart. The dircetors promptly issued this appeal:
"All good citizens are requested to report at the exposition building tomorrow morning at 7 o'clock, with or without tools, to do whatever is within their power to aid in completion of the building."
By the appointed hour 350 citizens were on the site. Among the volunteers were A. M. Cannon, W. H. Taylor, A. A. Newbery, Paul Mohr. C. R. Burns, J. N. Glover. Walker L. Bean. A. P. Sawyer, Herbert Bolster. K. K. Cutter. Henry M. Hoyt, Herbert Nichols, Oskar Huber, Howard Mallon, E. J. Webster, Council- man Notbohm and sons. E. J. Hyde, R. S. Oakley, Fred. Mason, L. S. Roberts, W. S. McCrea. M. A. Phelps, Henry L. Wilson. F. Lewis Clark.
During the day a number of citizens took carpenters off their own buildings and put them at work on the exposition structure, and by night 200 skilled car- penters were at work alongside of a greater number of volunteers. A large group of well known women went out to the building and served luncheon to the work- ers. Among these were Mesdames A. M. Cannon, N. Fred. Essig. John L. Wil- son. J. N. Glover, Alfred Moore, C. M. Patterson, Frank Moore, J. E. Gandy, II. 1 .. Cutter, W. Il. Taylor, Fred. Mason, Warren Hussey, I. S. Kaufman and P. HI. Winston.
The building was finished on time, and the exposition opened October 1. with an estimated attendance of 12,000. W. H. Calkins was orator of the day. Musical attractions were a grand chorus by 150 singers of the Spokane Musical society, and patriotic airs by the Fourth Infantry band and that of the Second regiment. N. G. W. President F. Lewis Clark delivered the address of welcome, and re- marks were made by Mayor C. F. Clough. General A. P. Curry, assisted by Lieu- tenant J. J. White, was chief marshal of the parade. Lane C. Gilliam was floor manager of a brilliant ball at night in the art gallery. The fair, which was man- aged by Charles W. Robinson, at an annual salary of $5,000. ran for more than a month. closing November 3. Officers, besides President Clark, were: W. H. Tay- lor, vice-president, who succeeded G. B. Dennis, resigned ; John W. Goss, seere- tary ; and an executive committee that included A. A. Newbery, A. M. Cannon, Jay P. Graves. L. C. Dillman. C. R. Burns and F. R. Moore. Other directors
FIRST MONROE STREET BRIDGE, OPENED IN 1989. LATER DESTROYED BY FIRE
SECOND MONROE STREET BRIDGE, BUILT IN THE EARLY '90S
NEW MONROE STREET BRIDGE, COMPLETED IN 19JE AT A COST OF FIVE HUN- PRED THOUSAND DOLLARS, LONGEST CONCRETE ARCH IN THE UNITED STATES
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were H. L. Tilton, H. N. Belt, John R. Reavis, J. J. Browne, H. L. Wilson, E. J. Briekell, J. N. Glover and W. H. Lyneh.
The exposition was held on a block of ground donated by L. C. Dillman, be- tween Riverside and Sprague, and six blocks east of Division. Out of a desire to make the fair permanent, the eity government, in November, bought the build- ing and grounds for $75,000. Fire, a few years later, destroyed the structure.
A spirited politieal contest for control of the republiean organization was waged this year between John L. Wilson and Judge George Turner, and culminated at the primaries, September 6, which "resembled a general election in every re- speet." and brought out an astonishingly heavy vote .. On the popular total vote Turner carried the city, winning in the First ward by 109 majority; but Wilson carried the three other wards by an aggregate majority of sixty-nine, and also won in a majority of the country preeinets, which gave him control of the county con- vention. Total republican vote in the city. 42178 .. . At the state eenvention at Ta- coma, September 25. Wilson was renominated for congress by acclamation.
A notable event of 1890 was the formal opening of the beautiful Auditorium theater, with a performance of "Nanon" by the Carleton Opera company. The building was packed from orchestra to the top gallery. In an opening address Col. P. H. Winston complimented Manager H. C. Hayward. Calls eame from the audienee for A. M. Cannon and J. J. Browne, the men whose enterprise and wealth had given the splendid theater to Spokane, and they responded with words of thanks.
In box A were Mr. and Mrs. A. M. Cannon and Mr. and Mrs. Francis Hem- menway : B. Mr. and Mrs. B. H. Bennett, Mr. and Mrs. Ralph Clark : C. Mr. and Mrs. J. W. Chapman; D, Mr. and Mrs. C. R. Burns, Dr. and Mrs. Lockhart; E, Miss Josie Cannon, Idelle Houghton, Miss Anderson, Mrs. Willet, Paul F. Mohr, L. Howser; F. Mr. and Mrs. J. J. Browne; G. Mavor C. F. Clough and Mrs. Clough : H. Mr. and Mrs. F. R. Moore, Mr. and Mrs. Alfred S. Moore.
In a theater party were Mr. and Mrs. W. H. Taylor, Dr. and Mrs. N. Fred. Essig, Mr. and Mrs. T. E. Jefferson, Dr. and Mrs. C. S. Penfield, Mrs. John L. Wilson, Henry L. Wilson. Others whose presenee was noted were Mr. and Mrs. Henry L. Pittock from Portland, Mr. and Mrs. T. C Griffitts, Mr. and Mrs. Jay P. Graves, Mr. and Mrs. Binkley, Mr. and Mrs. Taylor, Mr. and Mrs. R. S. Oak- ley, Mr. and Mrs. S. C. Hyde, Mr. and Mrs. P. H. Winston, Mr. and Mrs. C. B. Hopkins, Mr. and Mrs. F. M. Tull. Mr. and Mrs. J. F. Sloane, Mr. and Mrs. W. [I. Greenberg, Mr. and Mrs. Walker L. Bean. Mr. and Mrs. Warren Hussey. Mr. and Mrs. Charles Hussey, Mr. and Mrs. George Dodson, Mr. and Mrs. Harl J. Cook, Mr. and Mrs. D. F. Wetzel. Mr. and Mrs. John Todd, Mr. and Mrs. H. L. Cutter, Mr. and Mrs. D. T. Ham. Mr. and Mrs. C. S. Voorhees. Mr. and Mrs. C. P. Oudin.
The ushers: George Dreher, J. C. Beidelman, Harry Vineent. W. S. McCrea, W. MeCallum. J. R. Way. C. F. Webster. W. Canette. F. Kershaw. M. McDonald, F. Arnold.
At a special election September 27 the fifteen following citizens were elected to revise the city charter: Albert Allen, F. A. Bettis. C. R. Burns, A. M. Cannon, James Glispin, J. N. Glover. H. E. Houghton. D. P. Jenkins, I. S. Kaufman,
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George H. Leonard, F. Mason, James Monaghan. A. Munter, Robert Russell. E. J. Webster.
Among other events of 1890 was the appointment of C. II. Hanford as federal judge. Other aspirants were S. C. Hyde and J. Z. Moore of Spokane, and W. H. Calkins of Tacoma.
Work started March 19 on the Review building.
Hotel Spokane opened April 23.
In May floods in the Coeur d'Alenes and extreme high water in the Spokane river.
Decision of the Northern Pacific to locate its new passenger station between Divison and Bernard.
Signing of the Idaho admission act, July 3. by President Harrison.
Destruction of the entire business district of Pullman, July 3. involving a loss of $200,000.
City council decided that all tents in the fire limits must be vaeated and torn down by August 1.
Appointment of A. J. Shaw as postmaster, July 17, to succeed Tom B. War-
ren. Mr. Shaw took possession September 1.
Institution of El Katif temple, Nobles of the Mystic Shrine, July 31. by a large delegation from Mecca Temple, New York.
Suspension of the Spokane National, bank. December 17. W. H. Taylor, president ; Warren Hussey, cashier.
Death of J. M. Adams, December 22. Had been register of the Spokane land office. and editor of the Morning Review from January 1, 1889, to October, 1889.
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