USA > Wisconsin > Vernon County > History of Vernon County, Wisconsin, together with sketches of its towns, villages and townships, educational, civil, military and political history; portraits of prominent persons, and biographies of representative citizens > Part 16
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We now come to tier numbered 13. These townships are all, except the one on the Mis- sissippi, six miles square. There are eight of them and they are in ranges 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 west, and in range 1 east. Townships num- bered 14, form the northern tier of Vernon county and, of course, they are the farthest from the base line. There are eight in this tier and all are whole townships except the one on the Mississippi. They, like the tier immedi- ately south of them, are in ranges 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 west, and in range 1 east.
From what has been said, we see that town- ships 13 and 14, in range I east, are whole town- ships; that townships 13 and 14, in ranges 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 west, are also whole townships; and that townships 12, in ranges 3, 4, 5 and 6 west, are likewise complete; so that Vernon county contains eighteen congressional town- ships, that are each six miles square. Then, there are the half townships, numbered 11, in ranges 3, 4, 5 and 6 west, equal to two more whole ones; and the fractional townships num- bered 11, 12, 13 and 14, in range 7, equal to over three townships more, making the whole terri- tory in Vernon county comprehend over twenty- three townships of six miles square, each, or more than 828 square miles, territory sufficient for two good sized counties.
After the several township lines were run, then each township was sub-divided into sections and quarter sections. As a section is a mile square, there is of course, in every whole town-
109
HISTORY OF VERNON COUNTY.
ship, thirty-six sections of land. For conven- ience, these are always numbered as follows:
6
5
4
3
2
1
7
8
9
10
11
12
18
17
16
15
14
13
19
20
21
22
23
24
30
29
28
27
26
25
31
32
33
34
35
36
In each whole section, there are 640 acres; and, when a section is divided into four parts, each quarter section contains 160 acres. It is usually in quarter sections that the land of the United States is disposed of; although, if de- sired, it will be divided into eighty acre traets, or even forty acres.
CIVIL TOWNS AND SURVEYED TOWNSHIPS. Only eleven of the towns of Vernon county contain each a surveyed township. These are Ifillsborough, Greenwood, Forest, Union, Whitestown, Stark, Clinton, Webster, Chris- tiana, Coon and Hamburg. Seven contain each more than what would form a whole township. These are Bergen, Harmony, Sterling, Jefferson, Franklin, Viroqua and Kickapoo. The towns of Genoa, Wheatland and Liberty, contain each less than a full township, of land.
The town of Hillsborough is organized of township 14, range ] east; Greenwood, of town- ship 13, range 1 east; Union, of township 13, range 1 west; Forest, township 14, range ] west; Whitestown, township 14, range 2 west; Stark, township 13, range 2 west; Kickapoo, north half of township 11, range 3 west; the east one- third of the north half of township 11, range 4 west, the south third of township 12, range 3 west, and the south one-third of the east third
of township 12, range 4 west; Liberty north two-thirds of township 12, range 3 west; Web- ster, township 13, range 3 west; Clinton, town- ship 14, range 3 west; Christiana, township 14, range + west; Viroqua, township 13, range 4 west, the north third of township 12, same range, and the middle third of the east third of the same township and range; Franklin, the west two-thirds of the south two-thirds of town- ship 12, range 4 west, west two-thirds of the north half of township 11, same range, east half of the north half of township 11, range 5 west, and the south five-sixths of the east half of township 12, same range; Jefferson, town- ship13, range 5 west, the north one-sixth of the east half township 12, same range, and the west half of the north half, same township and range; Coon, township 14, range 5 west; llam- burg, township 14, range 6 west; Harmony, township 12, range 6 west, and the north half of the north half of the east two-thirds of township 12, same range; Sterling, the west half of the north half of township 11, range 5 west, the east two-thirds of the north half of township 11, range 6 west, the west half of the south half of township 12, range 5 west, the east two-thirds of the south half, and the south half of the east two-thirds of the north half of township 12, range 6 west; Wheatland, the west one-third of township 11, range 6 west, the west one-third of the south third of town- ship 12, same range, the fractional north half of township 11, range 7 west, and the fractional south two-thirds of township 12, same range; Genoa, the north two-thirds of the west two- thirds of township 12, range 6 west, the frac- tional north two-thirds of township 12, range 7 west, and the fractional south half of township 13, same range, and Bergen, township 14, range 7 west, and the fractional south half of town- ship 13, same range, also fractional sections 24 and 25, in township 14, range 8 west.
AREA OF EACHI TOWNSHIP.
The number of acres in each of the whole, half and fractional townships, in Vernon county,
110
HISTORY OF VERNON COUNTY.
according to the United States surveys are as follows:
1. North half township 11, range 3 west .. 11,573.84
2.
..
4 11, 516.76
3.
5 11, 433.46
4.
. .
5. 6. Township 12, range
3 west 23, 287.23
4
23,218.68
8.
.
. 4
6
. . 22, 818.41
9. 10.
. .
..
13, .
..
1
West
23,023.31
13.
. .
2
22, 994.71
14.
3
. . 22,963.06
15.
..
4
22. 987.50
16.
5 22, 885.43
17. 18.
. .
14,
1
east
23,583. 76
20.
.
1
west
23,092.59
21.
. .
2
. .
23, 066.16
22.
.
..
3
. .
23, 139.21 22, 942.20
25.
. .
..
5
..
23, 178.51
26.
. .
6
..
23. 343 28
27.
21, 644.86
28.
8
. 51.32
Total acreage of the county
.521, 582.61
DATES OF SURVEYS AND NOTES OF SURVEYORS.
The township lines of Vernon county were run by William Burt, Joshua Hathaway, J. E. Mitehell, Uriah Biggs, John Brink, and Stuntz and Sargent, in the years 1839, 1840 and 1845; mostly in the latter year.
The first surveying was done by Joshua Hathaway, who ran the west township lines of township 13 north, range 1 east (Greenwood), and township 14 north, range 1 east (Ifills- borough).
The last surveying was done by A. L. Brown in 1847, who ran the seetion lines west of Coon slough, in the township 13 north, range, 7 west (southern part of Bergen) and township 14 north, range 7 west (northern part of Bergen).
From the field notes of the surveyors and the government plats, many items of interest are obtained. These sources furnish the following facts:
TOWNSHIP 13 north, range 1 east (Green- wood) was surveyed in sections by James M. Marsh, United States Deputy Surveyor, in the first quarter of the year 1845, assisted by William M. Cleveland, Joseph Slone, chain- men, and James Anderson, marker. The sur- veyor says:
"The face of the country in this township is generally rough and broken. There is but lit- tle level or rolling land in the township. The soil is sandy. There is a heavy growth of tim- ber, consisting of white and black oak, sugar, hiekory, etc., with a heavy undergrowth of plumb, prickly ash, grape vine, green briar, etc. The country is well watered by excellent springs."
TOWNSHIP 14 north, range 1 east (llills- borough). - This township was surveyed in sec- tions by J. E. Davidson, United States Deputy Surveyor, who commeneed his survey Dec. 24, 1851, and completed it Jan. 10, 1852. He was assisted by Andrew L. Thompson, John Otis, chainmen, and Robert Evans, axeman. The notes of the survey are as follows:
"Surface generally hilly. Soil first rate. Timber heavy and of a good quality. Well watered by numerous brooks of pure water run- ping from springs, with rapid currents, over rock bed."
TOWNSHIP 13 north, range I west (Union), was surveyed by A. L. Brown, United States Depnty Surveyor, who commenced the survey of this township Jan. 3, 1846, and completed it Jan. 12, 1846. He was assisted by James Anderson, Joel M. Higgins, chainmen, and Nathaniel Iliggins, marker.
TOWNSHIP 14 north, range 1 west (Forest) .-- This township was surveyed by Noah Philps, in the last quarter of 1847. lle was assisted by William Jones, David P. Hoyt, chaimmen, and Alfred L. Cleveland, marker.
24.
. .
4
..
17, 925.78
19.
Ł- 13, 891.55
11.
1 east 23.035.23
12.
..
6
.. 11, 477.28
6,581,37
.. 23,032.51
5
6
.. 22, 874 61
. .
111
HISTORY OF VERNON COUNTY.
TOWNSHIP 13 north, range 2 west (Stark), was surveyed by A. L. Brown, who commenced his survey of this township Jan. 13, 1846, a d completed it Jan. 22, 1846. IIe was assisted by Alexander Anderson, Joel Higgins, chain- men, and J. Anderson, marker. Surveyor's notes: "This township has a good deal of bot- tom land on the Kickapoo river, some of which, particularly the second bottom or highest and farthest from the river, is very rich, with oak and elm timber, priekly ash and reed willow undergrowth; but some of the flats are too wet for cultivation."
TOWNSHIP 14 north, range 2 west (Whites- town) was surveyed by Noah Philps, in the eleventh month of 1847, assisted by William Jones, David P. Hoyt, chainmen, and A.L. Cleve- land, marker: "This township is very broken. Is valuable chiefly for its pines."
TOWNSHIP 11 north, range 3 west (central and southeastern part of Kickapoo) was sur- veyed by W. Barrows, who began this survey July 23, 1843, and finished August the same year. Ile was assisted by William Anderson and Edward Fitzpatrick, chainmen; also by William P. Easley, marker.
TOWNSHIP 12 north, range 3 west (Liberty and the sections 25-36, inclusive, of the town of Kiekapoo as now organized), was surveyed by Samuel D. Dixon, who began this survey May 24, 1845, and finished it on June 4 of the same year. He was assisted by Napoleon Gra- ham, B. C. Russell, chainmen, and James Bailey, Eli Derr, markers. Mr. Dixon says: "This township is composed of a succession of hills of almost every size and shape. The springs are inhabited by speckled trout of the finest quality."
TOWNSHIP 13 north, range 3 west (Webster) was surveyed by Samuel D. Dixon, assisted by Napoleon Graham, B. C. Russell, chainmen, and Eli Derr, James Bailey, markers. Notes : "Soil rolling and of first quality between the east and west forks of the Kickapoo river; the balance is mostly broken and hilly; soil light;
timber the same. The whole is well watered by springs and their branches. There are some valuable well sites on the Kickapoo."
TOWNSHIP 14 north, range 3 west (Clinton) was surveyed by Henry Maddin, United States Deputy Surveyor, who commenced Oct. 27, 1846, and completed Dec. 12, 1847; was assisted by Samuel M. Derr, George W. Lee, chainmen, and Christopher Jacobs, axeman.
TOWNSINP 14 north, range 4 west (Chris- tiana), was surveyed by Henry Maddin in the last month of 1846. He was assisted by Samuel M. Derry, George W. Lee, chainman, and Chris- topher Jacobs, marker.
TOWNSHIP 13 north, range 4 west (northern and central part of Viroqua), was surveyed by Samuel D Dixon, who commenced this survey June 30, 1845, and completed it July 10 of the same year. He was assisted by Napoleon Gra- ham, James Bailey, chainmen, and B. (. Rus- sell, Eli Derr, markers.
TOWNSHIP 12 north, range 4 west (sections 1-12, 13, 14, 23, 24, Viroqua; sections 15-22, 27-23, the northeastern part of Franklin.) This township was surveyed by Samuel D. Dixon in June; 1845. He was assisted by Napoleon Gra- ham, Eli Derr, chainmen, and B. C. Russell, James Bailey, markers.
TOWNSHIP 11 north, range 4 west (sections 1, 2 and 11 to 14, are in the central and south- ern part of Kickapoo; sections 3-10, 15-18, the southeastern part of Franklin); was surveyed by Samuel C. Wiltse in August, 1843. He was assisted by J. R. MeLadin, M. T. Cur- tiss, chainmen, and E. D. Smith, markers.
TOWNSHIP 14 north, range 5 west (Coon), was surveyed by A. L. Brown in October, 1846, assisted by William H. Weidman, William Higgins, Joseph E. Fales, Joel M. Smith, chain- men, John M. Smith, Reuben W. Ford, mark- ers. The surveyor says : "Timber almost uni- versally black and white oak; some of it very good; some ehm; Lincoln and ash in northeast corner on Raccoon ereek. There are many fine
112
HISTORY OF VERNON COUNTY.
springs of pure water, plenty of deer and grouse."
TOWNSHIP 13 north, range 5 west (northern and central part of Jefferson), was surveyed July, 1845, by Samuel D. Dixon, assisted by Napoleon Graham, B. C. Russell, chainmen, and James Bailey, Eli Derr, markers.
TOWNSHIP 12 north, range 5 west (sections 1-9, 16-18, of the southern part of Jefferson, 10-15, 22-27, 34-36, the northwestern and een- tral part of Franklin, 19-21, 28-33, the north eastern part of Sterling), was surveyed in 1846 by A. E. Whiteside, deputy surveyor, assisted by U. Gales, B. L. Eaton, chainmen, and A. Hetzler, marker. Mr. Whiteside's notes are as follows: "The soil of this township is third-rate, rough, hilly and broken, sparsely timbered with black and white oat. There is, however, in the southeast corner a small portion of beautifully undulated prairie, second rate soil, and fit for cultivation. The township is well watered by the finest quality of springs; tops of the highest hills are covered with rocks, flint and iron rust."
TOWNSHIP 11 north, range 5 west (sections 1-3, 10- 5, the southwestern part of Franklin; 4-9, 16-18, the southern part of Sterling), was surveyed July, 1843, by A. L. Haren, assisted by C. C. Carter, Austin Wilder, chainmen, and Louis Davis, marker. Notes of the surveyor : "The surface of this township, with the excep- tion of a few sections in the southwestern part and seetions 24 and 25, in the eastern part, is rolling, first-rate land. The soil is sandy loan, excepting the prairie; it is thickly timbered and brushy. The eastern part is watered by spring brooks, which run into the Kickapoo river. The southwestern part of the township is very broken, well timbered and watered by streams of pure water, which run into the Mississippi."
TOWNSHIP 14 north, range 6 west (Hamburg), surveyed by A. L. Brown October, 1846, as- sisted by William II. Weidman, William Ilig- gins, Joseph Fales, Joel Higgins, chainmen, and John M. Smith, Reuben W. Ford, mark-
ers. "The best land in this township," says the surveyor, "is in the third bottoms (so- called) on Raccoon ereek, which are located about forty feet above the creek, are dry and level. Other parts of this bottom are much lower, and where not marshy subject to inun- dations. After leaving the bluffs on the north side of the creek the land is a high, rolling ridge; in some places well timbered, and gen- erally second-rate. Some of the long ravines which make toward the creek are well adapted to cultivation, with timber convenient and the purest water. The cliffs are generally about 250 to 300 feet high, terminating toward Rae- coon creek in precipices of sandstone in almost every picturesque form imaginable. Along the sides of the steepest hills may be found many curious silicions and calcareous formations, but no appearances of anything more valuable."
TOWNSHIP 13 north, range 6 west, ( main part of Harmony ) was surveyed by N. C. Whiteside, assisted by U. Gales, A. L. Eaton, chainman and A. Hetzler marker. Notes : " This township in general is hilly and broken, the soil third rate and poor. There is however a portion of it on the north and a small por- tion on the south, rolling and second rate and well supplied with white and black oak timber. The remainder of the timber on the hills is scattering burr, white, black and jack oak. The river through this township affords many valu- able hydraulic privileges, and is abundantly supplied with fine fresh water, springs out- breaking from the base of the hills."
TOWNSHIP 12 north, range 6 west, ( sections 1-4, and northern half of 9-12, is the southern part of Harmony ; 5-8 and 17 and 20, is the eastern part of Genoa ; 29-31 the northeastern part of Wheatland ; southern half of 9-12 and sections 13-16, 21-28, 33-36, the northwestern and central part of Sterling ) .- This township was surveyed by N. E. Whiteside, in 1845. Ile was assisted by U. Gales, A. L. Eaton, chain- men, A. Hetzler, marker. "This township," says Mr. Whiteside, "as regards its soil is
113
HISTORY OF VERNON COUNTY.
mostly third rate and poor, presenting an abrupt hilly broken surface, covered in many places with rocks, flint and iron rust. North of the river there are a few bodies of good white and black oak timber. The surveyor says : "This township in general is well watered and the river presents in many places valuable water privileges."
TOWNSInP 11 north, range 6 west, ( sections 1-4, 9-16, the southwestern part of Sterling, 5-9, 17, 18, the sontheastern part of Wheat- land ) was surveyed by A. L. Haren, who com- menced this survey July 18, 1843, and com- pleted it July 31, the same year. He was assisted by C. C. Carter, Austin Wilder, chain- men and Lonis Davis, marker. Notes : "The northeast part of this township is extremely broken and hilly. The bluffs of the creeks, springs, brooks and dry ravines are from 250 to 350 feet high, and have an elevation from 20 to 30 degrees."
TOWNSHIP 14 north, range 7 west, ( the main part of Bergen ) was surveyed by A. L. Brown, who commenced the survey Dec. 27, 1846, and completed it Jan. + 1847. He was assisted by Wm. H. Weidman, Joel M. Higgins, Joseph C. Haley, chainmen, and Joshua M. Smith, Reuben W. Ford, markers.
TowNsInr 13 north, range 7 west, ( sections 1-18, the southern part of Bergen, 21-28, 33-36, the northern part of Genoa, was sur- veyed hy W. E. Whiteside, assisted by U. Gates, A. L. Eaton, chainmen, and A. Iletzter, marker, no dates given.
TOWNSHIP 12 north, range 7 west, ( sections 1-4, 9-16, 21-24, is the central and southwestern part of Genoa, 25-28, 33-36, is the northwest- ern part of Wheatland ), was surveyed in the first quarter of 1846, by N. E. Whiteside, i assisted by U. Gales, A. L. Eaton, chainmen and A. Hetzler, marker. "This township," says the surveyor, "is measurably unfit for cultivation, being hilly and broken. Soil mostly third rate and poor. In general, the timber is of an inferior growth of burr, white
and black oak. The hills fronting the Missis- sippi and Bad Ax rivers, are in places entirely shorn of vegetation, covered with rock, flint and iron rust. It is in all parts well supplied with springs of finest quality. The bottom of Bad Ax river ( although wider in this town . ship than any place else, is limited and mostly low and wet. The Mississippi river above and he'ow the mouth of Bad Ax, has little or no bottom, bounded by a perpendicular ledge of sandstone, ranging from 3 to 10 chains from the river and falling abruptly from the base of the perpendicular, to the water's edge, covered with large tumbling rocks, scattering burr, white and black oak trees."
TOWNSHIP 11 north, range 7 west, ( sections 1-4, 9-15, the southwestern part of Wheat- land ) .- The survey of this township was com- menced Sept. 28, 1843, and completed Oct. 10, 1843, by A. L. Haren, assisted by S. P. Folsom, S. N. Laster, chainmen, and L. Davis, marker.
LAND DISTRICTS.
The first land offices in Wisconsin were es- tablished under an act of Congress approved June 26, 1834, creating additional land districts in the States of Illinois and Missouri, and in the territory north of the State of Illinois. The first section provides "that all that tract lying north of the State of Illinois, west of Lake Michigan, south and sontheast of the Wiscon- sin and Fox rivers, included in the present territory of Michigan, shall be divided by a north and south line, drawn from the northern boundary of Illinois along the range of town- ship line west of Fort Winnebago to the Wis- consin river, and to be called-the one on the west side, the Wisconsin land district, and that on the east side the Green bay land district of the territory of Michigan, which two districts shall embrace the country north of said rivers when the Indian title shall be extinguished, and the Green bay district may be divided so as to form two districts, when the President shall deem it proper ;" and by section three of said act, the President was
114
HISTORY OF VERNON COUNTY.
authorized to appoint a register and receiver for such office, as soon as a sufficent number of townships are surveyed.
An act of Congress, approved June 15, 1836, divided the Green bay land district, as estab- lished in 1834, "by a line commencing on the western boundary of said district, and running thence east between townships 10 and 11 north, to the line between ranges 17 and 18 east, thence north between said ranges of townships to the line between townships 12 and 13 north, thenee east between said townsnips 12 and 13, to Lake Michigan ; and all the country bounded north by the division line here described ; south by the base line, east by Lake Michigan, and west by the division line between ranges 8 and 9 east," to be constituted a separate district, and known as the "Milwaukee land district." It included the present counties of Racine, Kenosha, Rock, Jefferson, Waukesha, Walworth and Milwau- kee, and parts of Green, Dane, Washington, Ozaukee, Dodge and Columbia.
An act was approved March 3, 1847, creating an additional land district in the territory. All that portion of the public lands lying north and west of the following boundaries, formed a district to be known as the Chippewa land dis- trict : commencing at the Mississippi river on the line between townships 22 and 23 north, running thence east along said line to the fourth principal meridian, thence north along said meridian line to the line dividing townships 29 and 30, thence east along such township line to the Wisconsin river, thence up the main channel of said river to the boundary line be- tween the State of Michigan and the territory of Wisconsin. The counties now included in this district are Pepin, Clark, Eau Claire, Dunn, Pierce, St. Croix, Polk, Barron, Burnett, Doug- las, Bayfield, Ashland, Taylor, Chippewa, and parts of Buffalo, Trempeleau and Jackson.
An act of Congress, aproved March 2, 1849, changed the location of the land office in the Chippewa district from the falls of St. Croix to Stillwater, in the county of St. Croix, in the | The surveys into sections and quarter sections
proposed territory of Minnesota ; and by sec- tion two of the act, an additional land office and district was created, comprising all the lands in Wisconsin not included in the districts of land subject to sale at Green Bay, Milwaukee, or Mineral Point, which was to be known as the Western land district, and the President was authorized to designate the site where the office should be located, Willow river, now Hudson, was selected. The district was usually known as the St. Croix and Chippewa district, and in- cluded St. Croix, La Pointe, and parts of Chip- pewa and Marathon counties.
By an act of Congress, approved July 30, 1852, so much of the public lands in Wisconsin as lay within a boundary line commencing at the southwest corner of township 15 north, of range 2 east of the fourth principal meridian, thence running due east to the southeast corner of township 15 north, of range 11 east, of the fourth principal meridian, thence north along such range line to the north line of the State of Wisconsin, thence westwardly along said north line to the line between ranges 1 and 2 east of fourth principal meridian, thence south to the place of beginning, were formed into a new district, and known as the Stevens Point land district, and a land office located at that p'ace. The boundaries enclosed the present counties of Juneau, Adams, Marquette, Green Lake, Waushara, Wanpacca, Portage, Wood, Marathon, Lincoln, and Shawano.
WISCONSIN LAND DISTRICT.
It will be remembered that the Wisconsin land district, by the organic act of the territory, was to be extended north of the Wisconsin river " when the Indian title should be extin- guished." Now, as that event took place in 1837, it follows that when what is now Vernon county, was surveyed into townships by the United States surveyors in the years 1839, 1840 and 1845, it was in the Wisconsin land district, the land office being at Mineral Point. It was usually called the "Mineral Point land district."
115
HISTORY OF VERNON COUNTY.
were nearly all made while in the same dis- trict ; hence, the early settlers went to Mineral Point to enter their land. Among the earliest entries are noted those of Alfred Glassburn, June 6, 1847, of the south half of the north- west quarter and the northwest quarter of the northwest quarter of section 28, township 13, in range 4 west, in what is now the town of Viro- qua ; of Michael Hinkst, Sept. 13, 1847, of the north half of the southwest quarter and the northwest quarter of the southeast quarter, of section 31, and the southwest quarter of the southwest quarter of section 32, in township 12, of range 4 west, in the present town of Frank- lin ; Orrin Wisel, June 17, 1848, of the south- east quarter of the northeast quarter of section 25, township 12, range 5 west, in the town of Franklin also; of LeGrand and Lewis Sterling, Aug 10, 1848, of the south half of the south- west quarter of section 2, in township 11, of range 6 west, in the town of Sterling.
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