USA > Wisconsin > Waukesha County > The History of Waukesha County, Wisconsin. Containing an account of its settlement, growth, development and resources; an extensive and minute sketch of its cities, towns and villages etc > Part 61
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There has always been a system of advancement for good, and punishment for bad behavior. It is rigid but just. When necessary, incorrigible boys are, in addition to various other punishments, put into a building called the House of Correction. Such as are confined in this building have no play hours, cannot communicate with each other in any manner ; are required to sleep separately in locked and grated cells ; but they have the same privileges of the school and library as all others. The idea of a House of Correction originated with A. D. Hendrickson, when he was Superintendent.
On entering the institution, each boy is washed, furnished with a new uniform, and given some good advice-told that if he is studious, industrious and obedient, he will be well treated, and can the sooner be released. On leaving, he is clothed and transported, at State expense, to his former or any new home.
Some of the more important by-laws adopted by the Board of Managers are as follows :
" SECTION 13. All accounts for the supplies of the institution, for contracts of the Super- intendent, and for salaries of officers and employes, must be indorsed as correct by the Super- intendent before the same will be audited and allowed by the Board of Managers,
WISCONSIN STATE INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL FOR BOYS, WAUKESHA.
W. H. Sleep. Supt.
407
HISTORY OF WAUKESHA COUNTY.
" SEC. 14. The salary of the Superintendent shall be at the rate of $1,200 per year, and of the Matron $400 per year, and of the Assistant Superintendent $1,000 per year, to be paid quarterly ; and they shall reside in the institution, and devote all their time and labor to the service thereof.
" SEC. 15. The officers and employes are expected to board in the institution, at the expense of the State, but, with the exception of the family of the Superintendent and the per- son in charge of the farmhouse, no person not an officer or employe shall board in the institu- tion ; provided, however, that this rule may be suspended by a majority of the board, in extra- ordinary contingencies.
"SEC. 16. The Superintendent shall enter in a book, to be provided for that purpose, the name, age, birthplace, whence and by whom committed, the time of reception, and obtain, as nearly as possible, a brief, correct history and description of the person of each individual committed to the institution, the delinquency for which committed, when discharged and, if apprenticed, the name and place of residence of the person to whom apprenticed, and, in case of death, the time and cause thereof, and such record shall be, at all times, open to the inspection of each member of the board.
"SEC. 17. The Superintendent shall present to the Board of Managers, at the regular October meeting, a report showing the number of inmates at the beginning of the year, the number received and discharged during the year, the number remaining at the date of the report, and what disposition has been made of those sent from the institution during the year. He shall also cause to be kept in books provided for that purpose a correct account of expendi- tures, and on what account made ; and also a correct account of receipts from any source, show- ing from what source, under appropriate heads, and present an abstract of the same with his. annual report, together with such suggestions as he may deem beneficial.
"SEC. 18. No cruel or unnecessary punishment shall be inflicted upon any inmate, and no corporal punishment shall be administered in any case, except by the Superintendent, or by his express instruction.
"SEC. 19. The average length of time inmates shall remain in the institution shall not be less than two years, and no inmate shall be sent out on ticket before that period, without the concurrence of the Superintendent and at least two members of the Board of Managers."
The more important rules made by the Superintendent, for the government of inmates, are as follows :
" RULE 6. The man in charge of a family is expected to be with the family at all times when the boys are in the family building or yard, and especially when in the playroom yard or dormitory, and he will be held responsible for the condition of their clothing, the cleanliness of their persons, and their general good behavior. In addition to his duties as a family officer, he will be required to fill the position of teacher, overseer of shop, or such other position as may assigned him by the Superintendent.
" RULE 7. The woman in charge of the family building is expected (with the assistance of the boys detailed for that purpose) to keep the whole building, its furniture, beds and bed- ding, clean and in order ; to be present in the dining-room at each meal, to preserve order, and to see that the food is of a suitable quality, properly prepared and properly served, and to report to the Matron anything objectionable in reference to the food. When not engaged in the per- formance of the duties mentioned, she is expected to make and repair the bedding and the boys' clothing (except their woolen outside garments). The man and woman in charge of a family are expected, as far as they may be able, to supply the place of father and mother to the boys in their charge, and their government shall be parental in all respects.
" RULE 8. Visitors will be received at the school from 9 to 12 A. M. and from 2 to 5 P. M., on Tuesdays, Wednesdays, Thursdays and Fridays only. Visitors will first record their names at the reception room, when they will be furnished with on escort. It is not expected that persons will stroll over the grounds unattended, or indulge in conversation with the inmates.
1
1
408
HISTORY OF WAUKESHA COUNTY.
In view of the large number of inmates, employes and of their friends, it is not expected that visits will be frequent or prolonged, as no provision is made for entertainment.
" RULE 9. All donations intended for the inmates, from whatever source, must be placed directly in charge of the Matron, to be delivered or disbursed by her for their use and benefit. No inmate is permitted to have the custody of money, or to deposit the same with any one but the Matron.
" RULE 10. Innocent games, amusements and sports are to be encouraged and may be freely indulged in by the inmates, but all profane and indecent language, all obscene books or papers, the use of intoxicating drinks or tobacco, every species of gambling, and all disorderly and immoral practices are prohibited, and this rule is intended to be obligatory upon all persons connected with the institution.
" RULE 13. No visits will be received on Sunday, except from those in attendance upon the moral and religious exercises. A general invitation is extended to persons desirous of imparting moral and religious instruction to the inmates, either on Sunday, or at the daily even- ing exercises ; provided, the rule excluding everything of a sectarian character, and any inter- ference with the religious opinions of the inmates, shall be strictly adhered to."
The legislative enactments authorizing and governing the Wisconsin Industrial School for Boys have been amended and repealed so often that no little misapprehension has existed in various counties as to the scope, benefits and object of the institution. The important statutes at present are these :
"SEC. 1,543. All idle persons who, not having visible means to maintain themselves, live with- out employment ; all persons wandering abroad and lodging in groceries, beer-houses, outhouses, market places, sheds or barns, or in the open air, and not giving a good account of themselves ; all common drunkards ; all lewd, wanton, lascivious persons in speech or behavior ; all persons wandering abroad or begging, or who go about from door to door, or place themselves in the streets, highways, passages or other public places, to beg or receive alms, shall be deemed vagrants.
.
"SEC. 1,547. Any male child under the age of ten years, and any female child under the age of sixteen years, besides such as are included in Section 1,543, who shall be found begging or receiving alms, either directly or under pretense of selling or offering anything for sale in any public street or place, for that purpose, or wandering in public places as one of the class known as rag-pickers, or wandering without having any home, abode or proper guardianship, or destitute because an orphan, or having a parent undergoing imprisonment or otherwise, or who frequent the company of reputed theives, or of lewd, wanton or lascivious persons in speech or behavior, or notorious resorts of bad characters, or is an inmate of any house of ill-fame or poor- house, whether in company with a parent or otherwise, or has been abandoned in any way by parents or guardians, and any child within the ages aforesaid, upon petition of his parents, guardian, or, if none, those having him in charge, showing that the welfare and best interests of the child require it, may be brought before any Judge of a Court of Record of the county and committed to an industrial school, in the manner and for the time before provided in this chap- ter, and subject to like appeal. If for any reason the commitment of any such child cannot be executed at the school designated, the Judge may afterward amend the judgment or commitment by substituting some other such school, and in case of boys so committed, who shall remain in any such school after arriving at the age of ten years, the commitment may be amended by the Judge making the same, by substituting the Wisconsin Industrial School for Boys. If the commitment be made on the petition of parents, guardians or persons having the child in charge, the Judge may, in his discretion, require them to pay the whole or any part of the expense of his maintenance, according to their ability.
" SEC. 4,961. The Wisconsin Industrial School for Boys, at Waukesha, shall be the place of confinement and instruction of all male children, between the ages of ten and sixteen years, who shall be legally committed to the said Wisconsin Industrial School for Boys, as vagrants,
1
409
HISTORY OF WAUKESHA COUNTY.
or on the conviction of any criminal offense, or for incorrigible or vicious conduct, by any court having competent authority to make said commitment.
" SEC. 4,962. The managers of said school are hereby clothed with the sole authority to dis- charge any child or children from said Industrial School who shall have been legally committed there- to; and such power shall rest solely with said Board of Managers, subject to the power of the Execu- tive to grant pardons, and they shall have power to return to the court, justice or other authori- ties ordering or directing said child to be committed, when, in the judgment of said managers, they may deem said child an improper subject for their care and management, or who shall be found incorrigible, or whose continuance in the school they may deem prejudicial to the man- agement and discipline thereof, or who, in their judgment, ought to be removed from the school for any cause.
"SEC. 4,963. The Superintendent of said school shall charge to each of the several coun- ties in the State, in a book provided by him for that purpose, the sum of $1 per week for the care and maintenance of each person in said school who has been committed thereto as a vagrant, or by reason of incorrigible or vicious conduct, from each of such counties respectively ;* and the cost of the original commitment of all persons to said school shall be chargeable to the county from which the person committed to said school is sent ; and the Superintendent of said school shall procure the arrest and return of any person therefrom ; and any Justice of the Peace, Marshal or Constable, upon information of such escape, shall arrest and return any such fugitive as above mentioned.
"SEC. 4,964. The Superintendent of said school shall keep an accurate account of the amount due from each county for the support of persons therefrom, and shall annually, on or before the 10th of October in each year, report to the Secretary of the State the amount which may then be due fron each county for the year ending on the 1st day of October preced- ing; which report shall state the name of each person for whom such account is rendered, the number of weeks which such person has been in said school during said year, and the amount charged for each of said persons, respectively; and such report shall be verified by the oath of said Superintendent as to its correctness. The Secretary of State shall add the amount due from any county in this State, for the support of such persons, to the State tax apportioned to said county, and such amount shall be collected and paid into the State treasury for the use of said school.
"SEC. 4,968. The courts and several magistrates in any county in the State may, at their discretion, sentence to the school any such male child who may be convicted of any petit larceny or misdemeanor, and the several courts may, in their discretion, send to the said school any such male child who shall be convicted before them of any offense, which, under existing laws, would be punishable by imprisonment in the State prison, and the County Judge and Judges of munici- pal courts in any county in this State may, in their discretion, commit to the said school any male child having a legal residence in said county, and being between the ages of ten and six- teen years, which, upon complaint and due proof, is found to be a vagrant, or so incorrigible and vicious that a due regard for the morals and welfare of such child manifestly requires that he shall be committed to said school ; but, in all cases, the terms of commitment shall not be less than to the age of twenty-one years.
" SEC. 4,969. The managers of the said school shall have power, in their discretion, to restore any person duly committed to said school to the care of his parents or guardian before the expiration of his minority, if, in their judgment, it would be most for the future benefit and advantage of such person."
When any inmate is allowed to leave the school to resume his home with parents, or appren- tice himself to farmers or others, he only receives a ticket-of-leave; and, whenever his conduct
* This law has not been regarded with favor always at the Industrial School, though it has always been in force. The first report referred to it in this wise: "The whole law is often rendered inoperative by those sections taxing counties. Courts and magistrates refuse to commit to the school because of the expense incurred to the county. Reform schools should most certainly he public institutions. Two boys ran away from Dorlge and Columbia Counties and found their way to Milwaukee, where they were arrested as vagraots and sent to the reform school by the municipal court. Under the law, Milwaukee is taxed for their support." This early protest was of no avail, the law being still in force.
410
HISTORY OF WAUKESHA COUNTY.
is not what that ticket-of-leave requires, he is claimed by the officers of the institution, and returned to it without process of law, to serve again until he shall again have earned such a record as will entitle him to another trial discharge.
The following circular, or receipt, is sent to every parent or guardian, when a new inmate is received :
" The Board of Managers of this institution take this method of informing you that
has been received as an inmate of this school, to remain until twenty-one years of age, unless sooner discharged by the board. This school is not a place of punishment, nor a prison, but a reformatory, where the inmates are trained to industrious and virtuous habits, and instructed in those branches of useful knowledge usually taught in our public schools. They are provided with a pleasant home, with suitable labor, such as will enable them to earn an hon- est living after they leave the school. They have their regular hours for rest and recreation. They are well fed and clothed, and carefully nursed in sickness. A competent physician is pre- pared to attend upon them when needed. They are furnished such moral and religious instruc- tion as is suited to their capacities and circumstances. In order to reform their characters and establish correct principles and habits of industry, inmates must remain here a sufficient length of time, and what is sufficient is wisely left to the discretion of the managers. In the exercise of this discretion, the previous history of the inmate, the character of the delinquency, the con- duct of the inmate while here, and the influences of the home to which he is to be returned, are all to be taken into consideration.
" The inmates are permitted to write to their friends once a month, or once a fortnight, if postage stamps are furnished them. It is not expected that presents of food or clothing will be sent to inmates, as they are supplied with both by the State. Nothing unsuited to the health or condition of the boy will be delivered to him. All articles are examined, and it is a useless expense and trouble to send anything deemed injurious or unnecessary. In all cases of serious illness, the friends of inmates are promptly notified. It is not intended to prohibit visits from friends, but no provision is made for entertainment, and they cannot be frequent or prolonged. The best way to shorten the period of a boy's detention in the school is to observe carefully the foregoing suggestions, to abstain from any effort to release him until his conduct and standing justify it, and, in the mean time, to let him understand that upon his own efforts and advance- ment he must mainly rely for his discharge. Avoid saying or doing anything to render a boy restless or uneasy, and you may hasten rather than delay his release.
" The rule adopted by the board provides, ' The average length of time inmates shall remain in the institution shall not be less than two years.' The observance of this will save trouble to all concerned."
From its organization to the present time, the managers of the State Industrial School for Boys, appointed by the various Governors for terms of three years, in such manner that a por- tion of them shall rotate out of office each year, have been as follows :
1860-61-Appointed by Alexander W. Randall : L. F. Frisby, of West Bend ; Thomas Reynolds, of Madison ; Henry Williams, of Milwaukee; Cicero Comstock, of Milwaukee ; John B. Dousman, of Milwaukee; Andrew E. Elmore, of Mukwonago; George S. Barnum, of Waukau ; Talbot C. Dousman, of Waterville, and Isaac Lain, of Waukesha.
1862-63-Talbot C. Dousman, of Waterville ; Charles R. Gibbs, of Janesville ; Edward O'Neill, of Milwaukee; Andrew E. Elmore, of Mukwonago, and Cicero Comstock, of Milwaukee.
1864-Andrew E. Elmore, of Green Bay ; John Hodgson, of Waukesha ; Edward O'Neill, of Milwaukee ; William Blair, of Waukesha, and C. C. Sholes, of Kenosha.
1865-69-Andrew E. Elmore, Green Bay; Charles R. Gibbs, Whitewater; William Blair, Waukesha ; Edward O'Neill, Milwaukee, and John Hodgson, Waukesha.
1870-71-Edward O'Neill, Milwaukee; William Blair, Waukesha; Edwin Hurlbut, Oconomowoc ; Charles R. Gibbs, Whitewater, and Andrew E. Elmore, Fort Howard.
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411
HISTORY OF WAUKESHA COUNTY.
1872-73-William Blair, Waukesha ; Edward O'Neill, Milwaukee; Charles R. Gibbs, Whitewater ; Andrew E. Elmore, Green Bay, and Samuel A. Randles, Waukesha.
1874-Andrew E. Elmore, Fort Howard; Samuel A. Randles, Waukesha ; Charles Jonas, Racine ; Edward O'Neill, Milwaukee, and William Blair, Waukesha.
1875-William Blair, Waukesha; Edward O'Neill, Milwaukee; Charles Jonas, Racine ; Andrew E. Elmore, Fort Howard, and Edwin Hurlbut, Oconomowoc.
1876-79-Charles R. Gibbs, Whitewater ; Andrew E. Elmore, Fort Howard ; John Mather, East Troy ; William Blair, Waukesha, and Edward O'Neill, Milwaukee.
During the first three years, Mr. Elmore was Secretary ; the fourth year, Secretary and Treasurer, and since that time has continuously held the office of Treasurer of the Industrial School.
The different Superintendents have been : Dr. Moses Barrett, 1860 to 1865; A. D. Hendrickson, 1865 to 1877; S. J. M. Putnam, from January, 1877, to April 20, 1879; William H. Sleep, who had been responsibly connected with the school during ten years, the present Superintendent, was formally appointed in December, 1879, though he had been acting in that capacity several months previously.
A. D. Hendrickson is now Assistant Superintendent, and John F. C. Legler, Clerk of the school and Secretary to the Board of Managers.
Owing to sickness among officers and inmates, and to various official changes during 1879, no inventory of the property of the Industrial School was taken; but from the inventory of 1878, and an estimate of other betterments, the value of the property may be approximately stated, as follows :
Real estate, 233 acres, $12,500 ; main building, $37,000 ; family buildings, Nos. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, of stone, $60,000; 7 and 8, of wood and stone, $9,000 ; shop and factory, $17,000; correction house, $14,000; barn and carriage house, $1,500; stone cellar, $1,500; farm house and other out-buildings, of wood, $700; furniture, fixtures, farm tools, library and miscel- laneous stock, $24,119.91; total, $77,319.91. Since 1878, one large double family building and stone connections between the shops, costing $17,000; an ice-house costing $1,100, and a gas machine and pipes, costing $800, have been added; total, $18,900; grand total, $96,219.91. This inventory is all put in at cost price. About $2,000 should be added for cattle, hogs and poultry, which, being raised on the farm, represent no cost to the State. But, to show the actual value of the Industrial School property, there should be added to $96,219.91, various large sums for farm improvements, trees in the nursery, a large surplus fund from the factories since 1878, making an estate worth, with all its artificial parks and other valuable improvements, at least $150,000.
Of the different inmates taken into the school in the twenty years of its existence, the different counties have furnished the following numbers :
COUNTIES.
1860.
1861.
1862.
1863.
1864.
1865.
1866.
1867.
1868.
1869.
1870.
1871.
1872.
1873.
1874.
1875.
1876.
1877.
1878.
1879.
Totals
Adams
2
Ashland.
1
Barron.
Bayfield
Brown
5
2
2
3
6
5
8
4 2
6
8
19
8
7
85
Buffalo
Burnett.
Calumet
2
1
2
3
3
2
2
15
Chippewa
1
Clark
1
1
Columbia
1
1
3
3
1
3
4
5
8
2
2
2
4
4
45
Crawford.
3
2
1
1
3
2
I
2
8
31
Dane.
1
4
4
3
5
1
2
3
4
4
6
8
-1
3
4
I
7
1
68
Dodge
1
1
1
4
8
1
..
...
3
8
3
8
3
5
2
...
2
1
2
48
Door
1
1
...
....
.....
...
...
...
.....
...
.....
1
2
1
4
....
1
...
...
1
1
1
412
HISTORY OF WAUKESHA COUNTY.
COUNTIES.
1860.
1861.
1862.
1863.
1864.
1865.
1866.
1867.
1368.
1869.
1870.
1871.
1872.
1873.
1874.
1875.
1876.
1877.
1878.
1879.
Totals
Douglas
.....
..
....
..
.....
.....
..
..
. .
Dunn
2
2
1
1
2
4 12
Fond du Lac.
1
6
4
2
2
12
5
9
7
11
13
15
7
8
8
5
15
6 136
5
1
1
3
4
2
4
3
5
32
Gree
1
1
1
...
3
1
2
5
2
1
2 1
4
1
2
3
32
lowa.
1
2
6
1
5
1
1
‘2
2
21
Jackson
2
2
2
6
1
3
2
8
4
3
5
1
5
2
5
6
1
58
Juneau.
5
2
2
2
1
3
5
1
1 1
1
1
1
1
3
1
31
Kewaunee.
1
2 1
5
5
5
4
3
1
27
Lincoln.
3
3
3
1
5
2
1
2
1
5
2
4
3
3
1
41
Milwaukee
30
48
9
8
16, 22
12
10
5
5
10
10
21 7
18 22
26
30
27
14 350
Monroe ..
1
1
2
5
1
....
1
4
2
3
20
Oconto ...
1
1
1
4
1
6
5
8
9
7
6
51
Ozaukee
Pepin.
2
Polk
3
Portage
11
2
4
8
4 7
4
4
5
3
1
3
2
8
7
4
77
Richland
.2
13
12
8 2 8
5
9
3
3
4
3
2
8
7
4
110 5
St. Croix
1
1
9
1
4
4
4
1
2
2
1
2
3
38
Shawano
1
. .
1
1
2
1
3
3
3
2
3
2
1
25
Taylor.
Trempealeau.
.....
Vernon
1
2
2
6
4
2
2
1
4
1
3
10
4
2
1
1
4
50
Washington
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
1
10
Waukesha.
1
1
6 12
1
3
2
5
2
2
2
4
3
1
2
7
61
Waupaca
1
2
2
1
5
1
13
Waushara.
2
1 2
10
5
5
6
3
1
92
Wood.
1
1
2
Totals
3:
67
40
42
83 107
47
72
53
63 113
75|107
80 115 103 107 139 151 117 1720
..
.....
...
....
...
1
2
1
3
2
1
..
1
2
2
4
21
Green Lake
1
.
..
1
1
2
2
1
2
2
1
2
14
La Crosse.
1
2
1
3
7
Manitowoc.
1
2
Marathon.
1
1
Marquette.
1
1
2
3
7
2
16
Outagamie.
1
2
4
Pierce
...
1
1
1 1
2
1
6
Racine ..
2
1
1
7
Rock
1
1
1
..
Sauk ..
1
1
2
...
..
1
2
3
6
Winnebago.
3
2
2
4
1
11
6
4
10
11
3
1
2
4
3
1
14
Bad Ax
.
...
2
...
1
.....
..
6
7
1
4
Sheboygan
1
1
3
4
1
2
2
8
1 6
1
3
1
2
8
Eau Claire
Gran
1
1
4
2
1
1
3
6
Jefferson
Kenosha.
..
La Fayette.
...
..
1
.....
..
..
The actual number of new commitments from July, 1860, to September 30, 1879, was 1,693, or twenty-seven less than the footings of the above table. This table was made up from the printed annual reports, in some of which, in the early years of the institution, re-commit- ments were included, erroneously, in the report of the number of subjects received for the year, thus making the apparent number of new inmates greater than the real number.
Some counties, and they are by no means of better morals and habits than the others, have never availed themselves of the benefits of the Industrial School, and some never send vicious, vagrant or incorrigible boys to the institution for the reason that it would entail an annual expense of $52 for each subject upon the county. The counties which have sent no subjects are Barron, Bayfield, Buffalo, Douglas, Kewaunee, Pepin, Shawano, and the counties erected during the last year or two. The judicial officers of other counties deem it a privilege to be able to
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