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REYNOLDS HISTORICAL GENEALOGY COLLECTION
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L ALLEN COUNTY PUBLIC LIBRARY 3 1833 02342 415 0
Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2010 with funding from Allen County Public Library Genealogy Center
http://www.archive.org/details/handbookofalabam00bern
670
SECOND AND REVISED EDITION.
Hand-Book of Alabama
A Complete Index to the State, with Map.
BY
SAFFOLD BERNEY, ATTORNEY AT LAW,
MOBILE, ALABAMA.
"COAL, which is the source of POWER. and IRON, which is the source of STRENGTH."
PRICE TWO DOLLARS AND FIFTY CENTS.
1892.
670
-
BIRMINGHAM, ALA. ROBERTS & SON, PRINTERS AND RINDERS, 1842
LOUISVILLE & NASHVILLE R. R.
ALABAMA'S 2 ..
GREATEST RAILROAD.
L&N LOUISVILLE & NASHVILLE R. R.
ENERGETIC, PROMPT
RELIABLE.
DEVELOPER.
UNEQUALED PASSENGER EQUIPMENT. FREIGHT TRAIN SCHEDULES UNRIVALED.
S. R. KNOTT. DASTV . RESIDENT GER'L MANAGER.
J. G. METCALFE,
Y. VAN DEN BERG, C. B. COMPTON. TRAFFIC MANAGER. GEN'L FREIGHT AGENT.
C. P. ATMORE, GEN'L PASSENGER AGENT, LOUISVILLE, KY.
FO .. FURTHER INFORMATION APPLY TO
THEO. WELCH, G F. A., MONTGOMERY, ALA.
P. SID JONES, P A. BIRMINGHAM, ALA
H. G. BARCLAY, G A., .. MOBILE, AL.A. H. C. PIPER, P. A., MONTGOMERY. AL .
1737667
12:57₺
ACRES OF CHOIGELAND IOL LA
N .
ALABAMA
MISSISSIPPI, AND Broke the Line and contiguous to the Mobile & Ohio R.R. THAT GREAT THOROUGHFARE FROM ST. LOUIS, MO. 10 THE SEA
The finest s. il and climate for early fruits and vegetables, rival- ing Call'orient in its peculiar advantages for this character of agriculture ind excelling in nearness the large markets of the West and East, and in shipping bilities. it is an undeveloped region as vet, but only awaits the advent of practical intensive farmers to spring into wonderful productiveness and value.
CLIMATE.
Mean Temterouge bor Joh . ISSO : Warmest Month 81. 3 degrees.
Mean Temperatite for Febrem'y: Coldest Month 55.6 degrees. Man Teni, er state for the year 1800: 60.4 degrees. Avenue radial des Jahres, admirably distreated over the year.
Unsurpassed stane Here water, good drainage, high for the man of moderite med's. 11 . aty vil maps, giving full b. med free to any
--
MOBILE, ALA. .
. ... HELPRYGONDE, PRESIDENT, MOBILE, ALA
ALABAMA MINERAL LAND Co.
ANNISTON, ALABAMA
MAS FOR SALE 575.000 DORES OF LAND
EMBRACING
Valuable Agricultural Lands, Large Bodies of Yellow Pine and Hard Wood, Fine Coal Lands, Rich Iron Ore Lands All accessible to Railroads.
For Terms and further information address the Company.
ANNISTON CITY LAND CO. ANNISTON, ALABAMA.
Illustrated Pamphlets, Maps of the City and printed infor- mation relative to the attractions of Anniston will be furnished upon application.
CORRESPONDENCE FROM MANUFACTURERS AND INVESTORS SOLICITED.
INVISTON IS THE CENTRE OF THE BROWN ORE DISTRICT. CON FINING THE ADVANTAGES OF HOS WONDERFUL SECTION ADDRESS
Anniston City Land Co. ANNISTON, ALA.
BESSEMER, ALABAMA.
Five years and eight months old and the Eighth City in Alabama. It stands first in the tonnage of freight handled by the railroads. Its manufactures go to Portland, Maine, to Tacoma, Washington, to San Francisco and to Mexico.
It is the mineral center of the South.
It is the most successful in the manufacture of iron. It offers more to manufacturers than any other City in the South. Its daily product of wares is worth Sto,ooo in the markets of the country.
Its object is to manufacture into goods for the hardware mer- chant all its entire output of pig iron.
It has magnificent forests lying contiguous, with thirty varic- ties of wood. . It has a country tributary to it, well watered and easily enriched, producing luscious fruits and fine vegetables. It has nine lines of Railway.
It has a population of nearly ;000.
It has over 1400 registered voters.
It invites capital. It challenges inspection.
It encourages industries.
FOR DETAILS, MAPS, PAMPHLETS, ETC. ADDRESS,
Bessemer Land & Improvement Co.
BESSEMER, ALABAMA.
.
WILLIAM BERNEY, PRESIDENT. R. H. PEARSON, VICE PRESIDENT.
J. B COBBS, CASHIER. W. P. G. HARDING, ASSIT CASHIER
THE
BERNEY NATIONAL BANK
OF BIRMINGHAM,
BIRMINGHAM, ALA.
ORGANIZED JANUARY, 1886.
CAPITAL $300.000.
SOLICITS YOUR BUSINESS. EVERY ACCOMODATION CONSISTENT WITH SAFE BANKING GRANTED.
HAS UNSURPASSED FACILITIES FOR MAKING COLLECTIONS DIRECT ON ALL POINTS IN ALABAMA.
DOES STRICTLY AND EXCLUSIVELY A BANKING BUSINESS
WILL BE PLEASED TO CORRESPOND WITH ANY ONE CON- TEMPLATING NEW BANKING CONNECTIONS.
SPECIAL COLLECTION DEPARTMENT.
W. J CAMERON, PRESILENT.
C. P. WILLIAMSON VICE PRESIDENT.
TOM O. SMITH, CASHIER. T. M. BRADLEY, ASS.T CASHIER
First National Bank
OF BIRMINGHAM, ALABAMA.
CAPITAL STOCK. $250 000.
SURPLUS $200.000.
DESIGNATED DEPOSITORY OF THE UNITED STATES. CHARTERED MAY 13, 1884.
DIRECTORS : J. A. Stration, F. D. Nabers. W. A W.dker. T. C. Thompson, W. S. Brown, H. Molton. W. J. Cameron, C. P. Williamson, Geo. L. Morris.
S. H. DENT, PRESIDENT E. B. YOUNG, CASHIER. E. Y. DENT, ASS'T CASHIER
CAPITAL $100,000.00.
Eufaula National Bank
SURPLUS $25,000.00.
EUFAULA, - ALABAMA.
PROMPT ATTENTION CARY TO ALL BUSINESS. ALL ENQUIRES ANSWERED WITH PLEASURE.
CHOLLET BERNEY, CHAMBERS MCADORY, VICE PRESIDENT. CASHIER.
PRESIDENT.
H. L. COBBS, ASS'T CASHIER THE
I. S. CHANDLER,
First National Bank
BESSEMER, ALABAMA,
CAPITAL,
$50,000.00.
GENERAL BANKING BUSINESS
SEND US YOUR COLLECTIONS OUR FACILITIES FOR HANDLING THE BUSINESS ARE UNEXCELLED.
DEAL IN FOREIGN EXCHANGE
CORRESPONDENCE SOLICITED.
ESTABLISHED 1852.
Josiah Morris & Co.
BANKERS,
MONTGOMERY, ALABAMA.
THE BUSINESS OF AN INCORPORATED BANK TRANSACTED WITH CARE AND PROMPTNESS.
COLLECTIONS A SPECIALTY.
STATE CAPITOL AND CONFEDERATE MONUMENT AT MONTGOMERY.
2-20
:
ERRORS AND CHANGES.
Page 64 .- The population of the State in 1890, other than white and colored, should be 790 instead of 90.
Page 100 .- The county seat of Blount county is now Oneonta, instead of Blountsville.
Page 237 .- The Southern Female University has very recently been removed from Florence to Birmingham.
Page 124 .- The word "chrystalline," wherever it' ocenrs in this Part, should be spelled "crystalline."
3
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.
Capitol of Alabama,
Frontispiece
University of Alabama,
186
Institute for the Deaf, 202
Academy for the Blind, 208
· Spring Hill College, 216
Tuskaloosa Female College,
218
Judson Institute.
224
Marion Female Institute,
228
Southern University,
230
Southern Female University.
237
East Lake Atheneum,
2.42
Insane Hospital,
246
View of Royal Street, Mobile,
340
View of Twentieth Street, Birmingham, 344
View of Dexter Avenue and Court Square, Montgomery, -
348
4
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
Constitution of Alabama, with Index,
PAGES 9-58
PART FIRST.
Name : Geography ; Rivers; Population ; Principal Historical Events ; and Indian Tribes Once Inhabitants of the State, 59-87
PART SECOND.
Government of Alabama and its State and County Organization: Political Divisions ; Election Laws and Laws Relating to the Holding of Office,
· 88-1IO
PART THIRD.
Summary of the Tax Laws of Alabama. 111-126
PART FOURTH.
Summary of the Business Laws and Statutes of Alabama, .
. 127-160
PART FIFTH.
Education in Alabama, 170-244
PART SIXTH.
245-253
The Alabama Insane Hospital,
PART SEVENTH.
The Convict System of Alabama-As It Was and As It Is, . 254-266
PART EIGHTH.
The Counties of Alabama -- Description and Statistics ot.
267-338
PART NINTH.
Sketches of some of the Principal Cities and Towns of Alabama, 339-374
PART TENTH.
The Railroad and Telegraph Lines of Alabama, 375-386
PART ELEVENTH.
Sketch of the Geology of Alabama. 387-422
4
5
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
PART TWELFTH.
The Agricultural Divisions of Alabama and their Soils and PAGES
Products,
423-448
PART THIRTEENTH.
The Forests of Alabama and Their Products, 449-455
PART FOURTEENTH.
The Iron and Iron Works of Alabama. 456-470
PART FIFTEENTH.
The Coal and Coal Mines of Alabama, 471-474
PART SIXTEENTH.
Cotton Manufacturing in, and the Cotton Mills of Alabama, . 475-490
PART SEVENTEENTH.
Miscellaneous Industries and Resources of Alabama. 491-494
PART EIGHTEENTH.
The Climate and Health of Alabama,
495-502
ADDENDUM.
The Water Lines of Alabama, 503-530
REVIEW. 531-534
APPENDIX.
Bonded Debt Statement of Alabama. Table Showing Valuation of Property, Rate of Taxation and Amount of Taxes Col- lected in Alabama each Year since 1876. Table Showing the Population of Alabama at each Decennial Census since its Admission into the Union. Table of Altitudes in Alabama. Election Returns, Showing Vote of State for a Series of Years. Judicial Circuits in Alabama. Chan- cery Divisions and Districts in Alabama. Newspapers in Alabama. Banks and Banking Institutions in Alabama. United States Courts and Land and Revenue Districts in Alabama. Consulates in Alabama. Histories and Books Descriptive of Alabama. Postal Statistics in Alabama, 535-552
Index,
553-565
6
ACKNOWLEDGMENT.
In the preparation of the present edition of this HAND- Book, the author has received very great assistance from a - number of gentlemen, in all departments, to whom he begs to make here the proper acknowledgment. They have the double satisfaction of knowing that they have not only placed him under obligation, but have done the State a service.
In this connection, the author wishes especially to mention and thank the following named gentlemen : Professor Eugene Allen Smith, State Geologist, Tuskaloosa, Alabama, who con- tributed the admirable "Sketch of the Geology of Alabama," printed in the book as Part Eleventh; who prepared the map of the State that accompanies the book ; who, in various other ways, rendered the author great assistance in its compilation, and from whose excellent and valuable publications as State Geologist. the greater portion of Part Eighth and much of Parts Twelfth, Thirteenth, Fourteenth and Fifteenth was taken. Colonel R. Il. Dawson, President of the Board of In- spectors of Conviets, Montgomery, Alabama, who contributed the well written, highly interesting and timely sketch, "The Conviet System of Alabama-As it Was and As it Is," printed as Part Seventh. Hon. Henry V. Meigs, of Macon, Georgia, the eminent southern authority on the subject, who contrib- uted so much of Part Sixteenth as relates to " Cotton Manu- facturing in Alabama," and whose article, written in the graceful style of its distinguished anthor, will be found to be one of the most useful and valuable in the book. Captain Philip M. Price, Engineer Corps, U. S. A., who contributed the excellent sketches of the Alabama, Coosa, Chattahoochee, Choctawhat chee. Escambia and Coneenh, Tallapoosa and Ca- haba rivers printed in the Addendum. Lieutenant-Colonel J. W. Barlow. Engineer Corps, U. S. A., who contributed the interesting sketch of the Tennessee river, printed, also, in the
7-8
ACKNOWLEDGMENT.
Addendum. Major A. N. Damrell, Engineer Corps, U. S. A., who rendered the author very kind assistance in the prepara- tion of the sketches of the other water lines of the State, which appear in the Addendum. The late Dr. Peter Bryce, Superintendent of the Alabama Insane Hospital, Tuskaloosa, Alabama, that knightly gentleman without reproach, who con- tributed the admirable sketch of that institution, printed as Part Sixth, and who has since entered into rest. Hon. John G. Harris, State Superintendent of Education, Montgomery, Alabama; Hon. Willis G. Clarke, Mobile, Alabama, and the various presidents and principals of the State normal schools and colleges and the other educational institutions of the State described in Part Fifth, for valuable assistance rendered the author in the preparation of that part. General Richard C. Jones, President of the University of Alabama, Tuskaloosa, Alabama; Dr. J. H. Johnson, Principal of the Alabama Insti- tute for the Deaf. Talladega, Alabama ; J. H. Johnson, Jr., Esq., Superintendent of the Alabama Academy for the Blind, Talla- dega, Alabama, and Dr. George A. Ketchum, Dean of the Med- ical College of Alabama, Mobile, for very kind services in connection with the preparation of the sketches of those insti- lutions printed in Part Fifth. The Commercial and Industrial Association, Montgomery : Dr. R. P. Hnger, Anniston : Colonel A. W. Stockell, President Florence Land, Mining and Manu- facturing Company, Florence; Colonel R. B. Kyle, Gadsden ; Hon. Joseph V. Allen, Mayor, Sheffield, and Hon. J. W. Spauld- ing, Fort Payne, for the great assistance they rendered the anthor in the preparation of the sketches of their respective cities printed in Part Ninth.
SAFFOLD BERNEY.
Mobile, Alabama, January 15, 1893.
-
9
1
CONSTITUTION
OF THE
STATE OF ALABAMA *
PREAMBLE.
We, the people of the State of Alabama, in order to estab- lish justice, insure domestic tranquility, provide for the com- mnon defense, promote the general welfare, and secure to ourselves and to our posterity, life, liberty and property, pro- foundly grateful to Almighty God for this inestimable right, and invoking his favor and guidance, do ordain and establish the following Constitution and Form of Government for the State of Alabama.
ARTICLE I.
DECLARATION OF RIGHTS.
That the great, general and essential principles of liberty and free government may be recognized and established, we declare-
SECTION 1. That all men are equally free and independent; that they are endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable rights; that 1 among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.
Sec. 2. That all persons resident in this State, born in the United States, or naturalized, or who shall have legally declared their inten- tion to become citizens of the United States, are hereby declared citizens of the State of Alabama, possessing equal, civil and political rights.
- *Became operative December 6, 1-75.
10
1
HAND-BOOK OF ALABAMA.
SEC. 3. That all political power is inherent in the people, and all free governments are founded on their authority, and instituted for their benefit; and that, therefore, they have, at all times, an inalien- able and indefeasible right to change their form of government in such manner as they may deem expedient.
. SEC. 4. That no religion shall be established by law; that no pref- erence shall be given by law to any religious sect. society, denomina- tion, or mode of worship; that no one shall be compelled by law to attend any place of worship, nor to pay any tithes, taxes or other rate, for building or repairing any place of worship, or for maintaining any minister or ministry; that no religious test shall be required as a quali- fication to any office or public trust, under this State; and that the civil 'rights, privileges and capacities of any citizen, shall not be in any man- ner affected by his religious principles.
SEC. 5. That any citizen may speak, write and publish his seuti- manty on all subjects, being responsible for the abuse of that liberty.
SEC. 6. That the people shall be secure in their persons, houses, papers and possessions, from unreasonable seizures or searches; and that no warrant shall issue to search any place, or to seize any person or thing, without probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation.
SEC. 7. That in all criminal prosecutions, the accused has a right to be heard by himself and counsel, or either; to demand the nature and cause of the aceusition; to have a copy thereof; to be confronted by the witnesses against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor; and, in all prosecutions by indictment, a speedy public trial by an impartial jury of the county or district in which the offense was committed; and that he shall not be compelled to give evi- dence against himself, nor be deprived of his life, liberty or property, but by due process of law.
SEC. 8. That no person shall be accused, or arrested, or detained, except in eases ascertained by low, and according to the forms which the same has prescribed; and no person shall be punished but by virtue of a law established and promulgated prior to the offense, and legally applied.
SEc. 9. That no person shall, for any indietable offense, be pro- ceeded against criminally, by information, except in cases arising in the militia and volunteer forces when in aet ial service, or by leave of the court, for misfeasance, misdemeanor, extortion and oppression in office, otherwise than is provided in this Constitution: Provided, That in cases of petit larceny, assault, assault and battery, atfray, unlawful assemblies, vagrancy, and other misdemeanors, the General Assembly - may, by law, dispense with a grand jury, and authorize such prosecu- tions and proceedings before justices of the peace, or such inferior courts as may be by law established.
1
SEC. 10. That no person shall, for the same offense, be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb.
Stc. 11. That no person shall be debarred from proseenting or
11
CONSTITUTION.
defending, before any tribunal in this State, by himself or counsel, any civil cause to which he is a party.
SEC. 12. That the right of trial by jury shall remain inviolate.
SEC. 13. That in prosecutions for the publication of papers inves- tigating the official conduet of offieers, or men in public capacity, or when the matter published is proper for public information, the truth thereof may be given in evidence; and that in all indictments for libel, the jury shall have the right to determine the law and the faets under the direction of the court.
SEC. 14. That all courts shall be open, and that every person, for any injury done him in his lands, goods, person or reputation, shall have a remedy by due process of law; and right and justice shall be administered without sale, denial or delay.
SEC. 15. That the State of Alabama shall never be made defend- ant in any court of law or equity.
SEC. 16. That excessive fines shall not be imposed, nor eruel or unusual punishments inflicted.
SEC. 17. That all persons shall, before conviction, be bailable by sufficient sureties, except for capital offenses when the proof is evident or the presumption great; and that excessive bail shall not, in any case, be required.
, SEc. 18. That the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended by the authorities of the State.
SEC. 19 That treason against the State shall consist only in levy- ing war against it, or adhering to its enemies, giving them aid and com- fort; and that no person shall be convicted of treason except on the testimony of two witnesses to the same overt aet, or his own confession in open court.
SEC. 20. That no person shall be attainted of treason by the Gen- eral Assembly: and that no conviction shall work corruption of blood or forfeiture of estate.
SEC. 21. That no person shall be imprisoned for debt.
SEC. 22. That no power of suspending laws shall be exercised, ex- cept by the General Assembly.
SEC. 23. That no ex post facto law, nor any law impairing the obligation of contracts, or making any irrevocable grants of special privileges or immunities, shall be passed by the General Assembly.
SEC. 24. That the exercise of the right of eminent domain shall never be abridged or so construed as to prevent the General Assembly from taking the property and franchises of incorporated companies and subjecting them to publie use the same as individuals. But private- property shall not be taken or applied for publie use unless just com- pensation be first made therefor; nor shall private property be taken for private use, or for the use of corporations, other than municipal, without the consent of the owners: Provided, however, That the Gen- eral Assembly may, by law, secure to persons or corporations the right of way over the lands of other persons or corporations, and by general laws provide for and regulate the exereise by persons, and corporations
12
HAND-BOOK OF ALABAMA.
of the rights herein reserved; but just compensation shall, in all cases, be first made to the owner: and, Provided, That the right of eminent domain shall not be so construed as to allow taxation or forced sub- seription for the benefit of railroads or any other kind of corporations other than municipal, or for the benefit of any individual or asso- ciation.
SEC. 25. That all navigable waters shall remain forever publie highways, free to the citizens of the State, and of the United States, without tax, impost or toll, and that no tax, toll, impost or wharfage shall be demanded or received from the owner of any merchandise or commodity, for the use of the shores, or any wharf erected on the shores, or in or over the waters of any navigable stream, unless the same be expressly authorized by law.
SEC. 26. That the citizens have a right, in a peaceable manner, to assemble together for the common good, and to apply to those invested with the power of government, for redress of grievances, or other pur- poses, by petition, address or remonstrance.
SEC. 27. That every citizen has a right to bear arms in defense of himself and the State.
SEC. 28. That no standing army shall be kept up without the con- sent of the General Assembly; and, in that case, no appropriation for its support shall be made for a longer term than one year; and the mili- tary shall, in all cases, and at all times, be in striet subordination to the civil power.
SEC. 29, That no soldier shall, in time of peace, be quartered in any house without the consent of the owner; nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law.
SEC. 30. That no title of nobility, or hereditary distiction, priv- ilege, honor or emolument, shall ever be granted or conferred in this State; and that po office shall be created, the appointment to which shall be for a longer time than during good behavior.
SEC. 31. That immigration shall be encouraged, emigration shall not be prohibited, and no citizen shall be exiled.
SEc. 32. That temporary absence from the State shall not cause a forfeiture of residence once obtained.
SEC. 93. That no form of slavery shall exist in this State, and there shall be no involuntary servitude, otherwise than for the punish- ment of crime, of which the party shall have been duly convicted.
SEc. 34. The right of suffrage shall be protected by laws regulat- ing elections and prohibiting, under adequate penalties, all undue influences from power, bribery, tumult, or other improper conduct.
SEC. 35. The people of this State accept as final the established fact that from the Federal Union there can be no secession of any State.
Ske. 88. Foreigners who are or may hereafter become bona fide residents of this state, shall enjoy the same rights in respect to the possession, enjoyment and inheritance of property, as native born cit- izens.
13
CONSTITUTION.
SEC. 37. That the sole object and only legitimate end of govern- ment is to protect the citizen in the enjoyment of life, liberty and prop- erty ; and when the government assumes other functions it is usurpation and oppression.
SEC. 38. No educational or property qualification for suffrage or · office, nor any restraint upon the same on account of race, color or previous condition of servitude, shall be made by law.
SEC. 39. That this enumeration of certain rights shall not impair or deny others retained by the people.
ARTICLE II.
STATE AND COUNTY BOUNDARIES.
SECTION 1. The boundaries of this State are established and de- clared to be as follows -- that is to say: Beginning at the point where the thirty-first degree of north latitude crosses the Perdido river; thence east to the western boundary line of the State of Georgia, thence along said line to the southern boundary line of the State of Tennessee; thence west along the southern boundary line of the State of Tennes- see, crossing the Tennessee river, and on to the second intersection of said river by said line; thence up said river to the mouth of Big Bear creek; thence by a direct line to the northwest corner of Washington county, in this State, as originally formed; thence southerly along the line of the State of Mississippi to the Gulf of Mexico; thence east- wardly, including all islands within six leagues of the shore, to the Perdido river; thence up the said river to the beginning.
SEC. 2. The boundaries of the several counties of this State, as heretofore established by law, are hereby ratified and confirmed. The General Assembly may, by a vote of two-thirds of both houses thereof, arrange and designate boundaries for the several counties of this State, which boundaries shall not be altered, except by a like vote; but no new counties shall be hereafter formed of less extent than six hundred square miles, and no existing county shall be reduced to less extent than six hundred square miles, and no new county shall be formed which does not contain a sufficient number of inhabitants to entitle it to one representative, under the ratio of representation existing at the time of its formation, and leave the county or counties from which it is taken with the required number of inhabitants entitling such county or counties to separate representation.
ARTICLE III.
DISTRIBUTION OF POWERS OF GOVERNMENT.
SECTION 1. The powers of the government of the State of Ala- bama shall be divided into three distinct departments, each of which shall be confided to a separate body of magistraey, to-wit: Those which are legislative to one; those which are executive to another; and those which are judicial to another.
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