USA > Alabama > Hand-book of Alabama. A complete index to the state, with map > Part 25
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290
HAND-BOOK OF ALABAMA.
old town of Cahaba, but is not navigable. The soils of the county are sandy uplands, rolling or hilly prairie, and river and creek bottoms. The soils, as a general thing, are fertile, and the county is one of the best agricultural counties in the State. The county is well timbered, the principal growth being yellow pine, the different oaks, chestnut, hickory, gums, beach and ash. Chief agricultural products, cotton, corn, oats and potatoes. Products in 1889 (census of 1890)-cotton, acres, 135,148 ; bales, 42,819; valuc, $1,953,522.00; corn, acres, 45,373 ; bushels, 738,847; oats, acres, 6,975; bushels, 82,103. In the city of Selma there is considerable manufacturing. Lands, $3.00 to $30.00 an acre. There is no unappropriated government land in this county.
DEKALB COUNTY.
Established by act of January 9, 1836. Territory ceded by the Cherokee Indians. Named for Major General (Baron) DeKalb, of the revolutionary war. Lies in the extreme north- eastern portion of Alabama. Area, 760 square miles ; wood- land, all ; Wills valley, 250 square miles ; coal measures, 510 square miles -- on Lookout mountain, 100 square miles ; on Sand mountain, 410 square miles. Population, white, 19,881 ; colored, 1,223 ; all other, 2; total, 21,106. County seat, Fort Payne ; population, 2,693. Acres in county, improved, 62,689 : unimproved, 346,263 ; total, 408,952. Assessed value of prop- erty in 1891, real, $4,349,672.00 ; personal, $1,842,873.00 ; total, $6,192,545.00. County debt, $30,000.00, bonds. Total rate of county tax, for all purposes, on property, 4} mills. Newspa- pers, Journal, weekly, Herald, weekly, Fort Payne. Banks, 4, Fort Payne .* Railroads, miles of main track, Alabama Great Southern, 39; Fort Payne & Eastern, 11. Telegraph, miles of poles, 39. The county possesses numerous churches, good schools, good health and climate, and water in abundance. Soils, valley, yellowish or mulatto loam; ridges, sandy and cherty ; mountain, sandy, of a gray to yellowish color. Near
. For the names of these banks, see Appendix
291
THE COUNTIES.
Valley Head, a station on the Alabama Great Southern Rail- road, in this county, are the beautiful falls of Little river, over ninety feet in height. Valley Head has an altitude of 1,031 feet above sea level. Resources, iron, coal, cotton, corn, wheat, oats, potatoes, live stock, etc. Agricultural products in 1889 (census of 1890) - cotton, acres, 15,870 ; bales, 4,573 ; value, $209,458.00; corn, acres, 36,671; bushels, 515,605; oats, acres, 7,637 ; bushels, 60,771. In the city of Fort Payne manufac- turing is carried on to a considerable extent. Unappropriated government land in county, 1,800 acres. Lands range in price from 82.00 to $25.00 an acre.
ELMORE COUNTY.
Established by act February 15, 1866. Territory taken from Coosa, Autauga, Montgomery and Tallapoosa counties. Named for General John A. Elmore, one of the first settlers of that part of Autauga county now embraced in Elmore. Lies in central Alabama. Area, 652 square miles; woodland, all ; gravelly hills, with long leaf pine, 230 square miles ; crystal- line or metamorphic, 422 square miles. Soils, mostly gray, with varying degrees of fertility. Along the Tallapoosa, and in the fork of the Coosa and Tallapoosa rivers, there are tracts of first class bottom lands, which have for many years yielded heavy crops of cotton. Population, white, 11,329; colored, 10,403; total, 21,732. County seat, Wetumpka; population, 619. Acres in county, improved, 94,183 ; unimproved, 296,310; total, 390,493. Assessed value of property in 1891, real, $1,517,075.00 ; personal, 8942,100.00 ; total, $2,459,175.00. County debt, none. Total rate of county tax, for all purposes, on property, 5 mills. Newspaper, Times-Democrat, weekly, Wetumpka. Bank, 1, Wetumpka. Railroads, miles of main track, Louisville & Nashville (South & North Alabama divis- ion), 16.01; Louisville & Nashville ( Wetumpka branch-El- more to Wetumpka), 6.30. Telegraph, miles of poles, 22.51. Church and school facilities good. County watered by the Alabama, Coosa and Tallapoosa rivers. At Tallassee, on the Tallapoosa river, in this county, are located the Tallassee
292
HAND-BOOK OF ALABAMA.
Manufacturing Company's mill for the manufacture of cotton goods, one of the largest in the south. Resources, cotton, corn, wheat, oats, rice, peas, millet, sugar cane, etc. There are ex- tensive pine forests in the county, and several large saw mills. Valuable water powers in county. At Wetumpka is located the State penitentiary. Agricultural products of 1889 (census of 1890)-cotton, acres, 42,365; bales, 16,871; value, 8828,- 221.00 ; corn, acres, 25,826; bushels, 394,092; oats, acres, 8,148 ; bushels, 86,901. Unappropriated government land in county, 120 acres. Lands, $1.50 to $15.00 an acre.
ESCAMBIA COUNTY.
Established by aet December 10, 1868. Territory taken from Conecuh and Baldwin. Named for the Escambia river, which flows through the county. Lies in southwestern Ala- · bama, on the Florida line. Area, 972 square miles ; woodland, all ; all rolling pine lands. Situated wholly within the long leaf pine region, and, in general, level pine woods, gently un- dulating and unbroken. Soil, uniformly light, sandy loam, and comparatively poor, with good bottom lands. Population, white, 5,674; colored, 2,815; all others, 177; total, 8,666. County seat, Brewton ; population, 1,115. Acres, improved, 7,197 ; unimproved, 433,782 ; total, 440,970. Assessed value of property in 1891, real, 8928,491.00 ; personal, $1,468,- 702.00; total, $2,397,193.00. County debt, none. Total. rate of county tax, for all purposes, on property, 5 mills. Newspapers, Standard Guage, Times, Brewton. Banks, 2, Brewton. Railroads, miles of main track, Escambia, 23; Louisville & Nashville (Mobile and Montgomery division), 41 ; Louisville & Nashville (Pensacola division), 10; Louisville & Nashville (Pensacola & Selma division), 20. Telegraph, miles of poles, 102. Church and school facilities, climate and health, good. Water abundant for all purposes, and quality excellent. Conecuh and Escambia rivers flow through county and, with their tributaries, drain it. Resources, cotton, corn, oats, pota- toes, rice, sugar cane, lumber, and hewn and sawn timber and naval stores. The extensive pine forests in county very val-
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THIE COUNTIES.
uable, and there are many large saw mills. Cattle raising and sheep growing very profitable, by reason of the fine natural pasture of the pine woods. Agricultural products in 1889 (census of 1890)-cotton, acres, 972; bales 462; value, 821,- 419.00; corn,'acres, 6,630; bushels, 100,284; oats, acres, 983 ; bushels, 12,664. Unappropriated government land in county, 30,330 acres. Lands, $1.25 to $10.00 acre.
ETOWAH COUNTY.
Established, as " Baine " county (for General D. W. Baine, of Lowndes county), by act of December 7, 1866. Abolished by the convention that framed the State Constitution of 1868. Re-established, under its present name, by act December 1, 1868. . Territory taken from Cherokee, DeKalb, Marshall, Blount, St. Clair and Calhoun counties. Name, Indian, and said to mean " pine tree." Lies in northeastern Alabama, near the Georgia line. Area, 510 square miles ; woodland, all ; in Coosa valley, 260 square miles; in Wills valley, 00 square miles ; in Murphree's valley, 40 square miles ; coal measures, 140 square miles-40 on Lookout and 100 on Sand mountain. County includes parts of two mountain plateaus and three valleys, all having a northeastern and southwestern direction. Soils, mountain, sandy ; valley, red or yellowish and gray. The Coosa river flows through the county. Well timbered and watered. Population, white, 18,097 ; colored, 3,829; total, 21,926. . County seat, Gadsden ; population, 2,901. Other chief town, Attalla; population, 1,254. Acres, improved, 50,303; unimproved, 127,912; total, 316,848. Assessed value of property, 1891, real, $3,321,031.00 ; personal, $1,791,601.00 ; total, $5,112,632.00. Total rate of State and county tax, for all purposes, on property, 113 mills. Newspapers, Courier, week- ly, Attalla ; Leader, weekly, Times-News, weekly, Gadsden. Banks, Attalla, 1 ; Gadsden, 2. Railroads, miles of main track, Alabama Great Southern, 22.22; Tennessee & Coosa, 10; East Tennessee, Virginia & Georgia (Decatur branch), 18; Louis- ville & Nashville (Alabama Mineral division), 15. Telegraph, miles of poles, Atlantic Postal, 41 ; Western Union, 6. Schools
294
HAND-BOOK OF ALABAMA.
good. churches numerous, water and timber abundant, and health and climate excellent. Resources, cotton, corn, wheat, oats, potatoes, orchard fruits, wool and live stock, coal and iron ore. At Gadsden there is considerable manufacturing. Agricultural products in 1889 (census of 1890)-cotton, acres, 20,996; bales, 8.482; value, 8393,090.00: corn, acres, 27,728; bushels, 428,465 ; oats, acres, 7,246; bushels, 66,033. Unap- propriated government land in county, 4,420 acres. Lands, $2.50 to $20.00 an acre.
FAYETTE COUNTY.
Established by act December 20, 1824. Territory taken from Tuskaloosa and Marion counties. Named for General LaFayette, of revolutionary fame. Lies in northwestern Ala- bama, near the Mississippi line. Area, 700 square miles ; woodland, all ; coal measures, 640 square miles ; gravelly pine hills, 60 square miles. Soil, principally brown loam, with red clayey loam subsoil, with timber of post, red and blackjack oaks. chestnut, short leaf pine, ete. Population, white, 11,062; colored, 1,761 ; total, 12,823. County seat, Fayette Court House. Acres, improved, 47,483 ; unimproved, 340,366 ; total, 387,849. Assessed value of property in 1891, real, $572,621.00; personal, 81,012,668.00 ; total, 81,585,289.00. County debt, 815,- 000. Total rate of county tax, for all purposes, on property, -. Newspaper, Sentinel, weekly, Fayette Court House. Railroads, miles of main track, Georgia Pacific, 30.15; Kansas City, Mem- phis & Birmingham. 7. Telegraph, miles of poles, Western Union, 37.15. Valuable water powers. School and church facilities, particularly in Fayette Court House, good. Health and climate excellent. Resources, iron ore, coal, cotton, corn, wheat, oats, rye, sugar cane, etc. Especially rich in coal and iron ore. Well timbered. Stock raising profitable. Agricul- tural products in 1889 (census of 1890)-cotton, acres, 18,590 ; bales, 6,141 ; value, $288,430; corn, acres, 25,666; bushels, 364,580; oats, acres, 4,604; bushels, 37,890. Unappropriated government land in county, 18,200 acres. Lands, $2.00 to
$20.00 an acre.
295
THE COUNTIES.
FRANKLIN COUNTY.
Established by act of Territorial Legislature, approved February 4, 1'818. Named for Benjamin Franklin, the philos- opher. Lies in the extreme northwestern portion of the State and on the Mississippi line. Area, 620 square miles; wood- land, all ; red valley and other calcareous lands, 230 square miles; sandy soils of the Little mountain, 40 square miles ; gravelly hills, 200 square miles : coal measures, 150 square miles. The northern half of the county is a valley, known as Russell's valley ; the southern half is high table land, the northern edge of the Warrior coal field. Valley lands fertile. Prevailing timber, red, white and black oaks, poplar, hack- berry, black walnut, cherry and hickory. Population, white, 9,550 ; colored. 1,131 ; total, 10,681. County seat, Bel Green. Acres, improved, 40,431 ; unimproved, 288,8-15 ; total, 329,276. Assessed value of property in 1891, real, 8783,546.00 ; per- sonal, 8601,693; total, $1,385,239.00. County debt, 822,000. Total rate of county tax, for all purposes, on property, --. Newspaper, Southern Ideu, weekly, Russellville. Railroads, miles of main track, Birmingham, Sheffield & Tennessee River, 19. Telegraph, miles of poles, 19. Water abundant. County well timbered. Health, climate, church and school facilities good. Resources, coal, iron ore, cotton, corn, wheat, oats, potatoes, etc. Fine grasses and clover, making stock raising easy and profitable. Agricultural products in 1889 (census of 1890)-cotton, acres, 12,117; bales. 2,669; value, $111,618.00; corn, acres, 20,170; bushels, 306,343 ; oats, acres, 2,152; bush- els, 16,048. Unappropriated government land in county, 32,040 acres. Lands, $2.50 to $10.00 an acre.
GENEVA COUNTY.
Established by act December 26, 1868. Territory from Coffee, Dale and Henry counties. Lies in extreme southeast- ern Alabama and on Florida line. Area, 640 square miles; woodland, all ; nearly all undulating pine lands, with about 30 square miles of red lime lands. Prevailing soil, sandy, of a
296
ILAND-BOOK OF ALABAMA.
gray or ash color, and produces well with fertilizer. Timber, long leaf pine, post oak, hickory, broad leaf blackjack, red oak, etc. Population, white, 9,643; colored, 1,047; total, 10,690. County seat, Geneva; population, 637. Acres, im- proved, , 33,622; unimproved, 202,432; total, 236,054. As- sessed value of property in 1891, real, 8541,633.00 ; personal, $339,092.00; total, 8880,725.00. County debt, 84,000. Total rate of county tax, for all purposes, on property, 143 mills. News- paper, Record, weekly, Geneva. Bank, 1, Geneva. Railroads, none. Telegraph, none. Choctawhatchee river flows through county, and is navigable as high as Geneva town. Valuable water power. Numerous streams full of excellent fish. School facilities moderately good and annually improving. Churches mostly Baptist and Methodist. Water for all domestic pur- poses abundant and of purest quality. Resources, timber, naval stores, cotton, corn, oats, potatoes, etc. Principal occu- pations, lumber, and sheep and cattle raising. Agricultural products in 1889 (census of 1890)-cotton, acres, 21,133 ; bales, 7,158 ; value, 8324,082.00 ; corn, acres, 21,154; bushels, 216,893 ; cats, acres, 2,084; bushels, 7,745. Unappropriated govern- ment land in county, 17,040 acres. Lands, $1.00 to $10.00 an acre.
GREENE COUNTY.
Established by act December 13, 1819. Territory from Marengo and Tuskaloosa counties. Named for Major General Nathaniel Greene, of the revolutionary war. Lies in western Alabama, about midway between the northern and southern boundaries of the State. Area, 544 square miles ; woodland, all, except a few small patches of open prairie, aggregating about 25 square miles : prairie region, about 419 square miles ; gravelly hills, with long leaf pine, 125 square miles. In its agricultural feature, county shows two widely different divis- ions : the upper, with its brown loam soils, and the lower, with prairie or calcareous soils. On these latter soils the greater part of the cotton of the county is raised. The Warrior river makes the eastern and the Tombigbee river the western boundary of the county. Warrior bottom lands very fertile,
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THE COUNTIES.
but liable to overflow. In the lower part of the county is what is known as the "Fork," celebrated, especially before the war, for its fine cotton plantations. Population, white, 3,192; colored, 18,815; total, 22,007. County seat, Eutaw ; popula- , tion, 1,115. Acres in county, improved, 108,749; unimproved, 295,450 ; total, 404,199. Assessed value of property in 1891, real, $1,469,767.00; personal, $1,186,662.00 ; total, $2,656,429.00. County debt, 1890, none. Railroads, miles of main track, Ala- bama Great Southern, 20. Newspapers, Whig and Observer, weekly, Mirror, weekly, Eutaw ; Progress, weekly, Forkland. Bank, 1, Eutaw. Products, cotton, corn, oats, potatoes, etc. County one of the best agricultural counties in the State. Products in 1859 (census of 1890)-cotton, acres, 76,384; bales, 20,901 ; value, $920,824.00 ; corn, acres, 31,034 ; bushels, 495,030 ; oats, acres, 2,398; bushels, 27,727. The Warrior river, on the east, and the Tombigbee river, on the west, both navigable, afford the county excellent water transportation. Unappropriated government land in county, none. Lands, $2.50 to $25.00 an acre. There are good schools throughout the entire county, and churches of all denominations. Health and climate good.
HALE COUNTY.
Established by act January 30, 1867. Territory taken from Greene, Perry, Tuskaloosa and Marengo counties. Named for Colonel Stephen F. Hale of Greene county. Lies in the west centre of the State. Area, 732 square miles; woodland, all, except a few tracts of open prairie. County about evenly divided between prairie region and gravelly hills with pine. Upper half of county, rolling uplands ; lower half, mostly prairie, very slightly undulating, and very little elevated above the water courses. In the uplands, the red loam forms all the most important soils and subsoils. The tablelands and the better class of uplands generally have a brown loam soil, with red clay subsoil. Warrior river bottom lands very fertile and well suited to corn. Some of the best canebrake lands of the State are in this county, and the uplands and river lands of the northern part of the county are among the best of their 20
298
HAND-BOOK OF ALABAMA1.
class. Altogether, Hale is one of the best agricultural counties of the State. The Warrior river bounds the county on the west, and, being navigable through the greater part of the year, affords the county good water transportation. Popula- tion, white, 5,053 ; colored, 22,448 ; total, 27,501. County seat, Greensboro; population, 1,759. Other towns, Newberne, Ha- vana, Stewart Station, and New Prospect. Acres in county, improved, 138,815 ; unimproved, 272,049; total, 410,864. As- sessed value of property in 1891, real, $1,660,915.00 ; personal, $1,272,738.00 ; total, $2,933,653.00. County debt, 1890, $25,- 600.00. Railroads, miles of main track, Alabama Great Southern, 17.22 ; East Tennessee, Virginia & Georgia (Akron branch), 28; East Tennessee, Virginia & Georgia (Meridian division), 5. Telegraph. miles of poles, 53. Newspapers, Alabama Beacon, weekly, Watchman, Greensboro. Bank, 1, Greensboro. Products, cotton, corn, oats, potatoes, peas, etc. Crops in 1889 (census of 1890)-cotton, acres, 90,738 ; bales, 28,973; value, $1,332,033.00; corn, acres, 41,923 ; bushels, 676,279 ; oats, acres, 2,900; bushels, 42,346. Unappropriated government land in county, 760 acres. Lands, 82 00 to $25.00 an acre. County well watered. Educational advantages ex- cellent ; Southern University at Greensboro. Churches nu- merous.
HENRY COUNTY.
Established by act December 13, 1819. Named for Patrick Henry, of Virginia. Lies in the extreme southeast corner of the State, on the Georgia and Florida lines. Area, 984 square miles ; woodland, all ; oak, hickory, or brown loam uplands, 100 square miles ; pine uplands, 564 square miles ; undulating pine lands, 340 square miles ; red lime lands, 10 square miles. In the lower half of the county, sandy soils prevail, and com- paratively level pine woods constitute the landscape. In the upper half, the topography is more varied, and the soils vary in the proportions of sand and loam; upon the water sheds the sandy soils predominate, while upon the slopes more loamy soils prevail. Drainage principally into the Chatta- hoochee river, but a small area in the northwestern part is
299
THE COUNTIES.
drained by the Choctawhatchee. Timber, pine, hickory, oak, ash, walnut, sweet gum, bay, etc. Population, white, 15,839 ; colored, 8,993; all others, 10; total, 24,847. County seat, Abbeville ; population, 465. Other towns, Dotlien, population, · 247; Columbia, population, 960. Acres, improved, 169,783 ; unimproved, 361,779 ; total, 531,562. Assessed value of prop- erty in 1891, real, $1,537,582.00 ; personal, $1,125,688.00 ; total, 82,663,270.00. County debt, 1892, $10,000. Total rate of county tax, for all purposes, on property, 6} mills. News- papers, Times, weekly, Abbeville ; Recorder, weekly, Columbia; Wire Grass Siftings, Dothen. Banks, 1, Columbia ; 1, Dothen. Railroad, miles of main track, Alabama Midland, 27.81. Tel- egraph, miles of poles, Alabama Midland Telegraph Company, 27.81; Western Union, 1. County watered by the Chattahoo- chee and Choctawhatchee rivers and a number of large creeks, all well stocked with fine fish. The Chattahoochee river, which bounds the county on the east, is navigable as high as Eufaula, in Barbour county, and affords the county good water communication. Products, cotton, corn, oats, rye, rice, potatoes, sugar cane, etc. Fruits do well. Stock raising profitable. Lumber and timber interests extensive. Crops in 1889 (census of 1890)-cotton, acres, 69,880; bales, 23,738 ; value, $1,117,434.00 ; corn, acres, 55,324; bushels, 548,674; oats, acres, 6,820 ; bushels, 58,272. Unappropriated govern- ment land in county, 6,620 acres. Lands, $1.00 to $10.00 an acre. County exceptionally healthy and climate excellent. School facilities good and churches, mainly Baptist and Meth- odist, throughout the county.
JACKSON COUNTY.
Established by act December 13, 1819. Territory from Cherokee cession of 1816. Named for General Andrew Jack- son. Lies in the extreme northeastern portion of Alabama, and on the Tennessee line. Area, 1,144 square miles; wood- land, all ; valley lands, 554 square miles (190 square miles in immediate valley of the Tennessee; 364 square miles, coves and slopes of the mountain spurs north of the river, half of
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HAND-BOOK OF ALABAMA.
which may be red valley lands) ; coal measures, table lands, 490 square miles (200 on Raccoon mountain, south of the river, and 290 square miles on the mountain spurs north of the river). Surface more broken than that of any other county in the Tennessee valley in northern Alabama. The valley down which the Tennessee river flows divides the county into two parts : Raccoon mountain on the southeast, and the spurs of the Cumberland mountains on the northwest. Valley has an average width of about four miles, the greater part north of the river, leaving only a narrow strip on the south side. Soils, the red, brown and black soils of the hill- sides, of the level and rolling lands, and of the river and creek bottoms ; light gray siliceous or flinty, gravelly soils, covering some of the creek bottoms and some of the slopes near the foot of the mountains, and the light yellowish or gray sandy soils covering the mountain plateaus on both sides of the river. County noted for the great number and boldness of its springs, and, in some portions, for its wild and picturesque scenes. Table land elevated from 1,800 to 2,000 feet above the sea, and from 800 to 1,000 feet above the adjacent valleys. Timber trees, black, red and white oaks, pine, cedar, hickory, poplar, ash, maple, beech, walnut, sweet gum, cherry. Popu- lation, white, 24,132 ; colored, 3,887 ; all others, 7; total, 28,- 026. County seat, Scottsboro; population, 959. Other towns, Stevenson and Larkinsville. Acres in county, 504,349. As- sessed value of property in 1891, real, $2,331.644.00 ; personal, $1,883,504.00 ; total, $4,215,148.00. County debt, 1892, none. Total rate of county tax, for all purposes, on property, 43 mills. Newspapers, Citizen, weekly, Progressive Age, weekly, Scotts- boro ; Chronicle, weekly, Stevenson ; News, weekly, Bridge- port. Banks, 1, Scottsboro; 1, Bridgeport. Railroads, miles of main track, East Tennessee, Virginia and Georgia (Mem- phis & Charleston division) 40.90; Nashville, Chattanooga & St. Louis, 24. The Tennessee river flows through the entire length of the county and affords good water transportation. Telegraph, miles of poles, 67.80, Western Union. Resources, cotton, corn, oats, wheat, rye, tobacco, sweet potatoes, wool, sorghum, honey, butter, and orchard fruits, also, coal, iron, marble, limestone and saltpetre. Stock raising profitable. Some manufacturing at Scottsboro. Crops in 1859 (census of
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THE COUNTIES.
301
1890)-cotton, acres, 19,839; bales, 5,358 ; value, $230,776.00 ; corn, acres, 66,011 ; bushels, 1,160,372; oats, acres, 8,652; bushels, 112,527. Climate and health equal to the best in the State. Water abundant for all purposes, and of best `quality. Educational advantages good, especially in the towns. Churches numerous, and of all the principal denom- inations. Unappropriated government land in county, 32,720 acres. Lands, 85.00 to $25.00 an acre.
JEFFERSON COUNTY.
Established by act December 13, 1819. Named for Thomas Jefferson, of Virginia. Lies in the north centre of the State. Area, 1,092 square miles : woodland all; coal measures, 760 square miles (Warrior field, 630 ; Cahaba field, 130) ; valley lands (Roup's and Jones'), 332 square miles. County divided into two unequal parts by a long, narrow valley, or deep trough (upper part called Jones' valley ; lower part, Roup's valley), from four to twelve miles wide, which traverses it from northeast to southwest. Northwest of this valley, and forming nearly two-thirds of the area of the county, are the coal measures of the great Warrior field, and on the southeast are the coal measures of the Cahaba field. County has a large proportion of valley lands, with yellowish or mulatto soil, giving high product per acre. Soils of the coal measures, sandy and of medium fertility. Forest growth, pine, oaks,
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