USA > Alabama > Hand-book of Alabama. A complete index to the state, with map > Part 28
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RUSSELL COUNTY.
Established by act December 18, 1832. Named for Colonel Gilbert C. Russell, of Mobile. Lies in eastern Alabama, on the Georgia line. Area, 670 square miles ; gravelly hills, with pine and oak uplands, 370; blue marl lands, 300; woodland,. all. Soil varieties, sandy and loamy ; heavy black prairie, and. stiff clayey to light sandy and marly. The high rank of the county in cotton production is due chiefly to the cultivation of the lands in which the blue marl, as it is called, forms the substratum. General surface of the county, undulating, and .. in some sections, broken. Prevailing timber, short and long leaf pine; white, red, water and blackjack oaks, hickory, gum, beech, dogwood, willow, maple, walnut, cypress and cedar. The Chattahoochee river forms the entire eastern boundary of the county, giving it a river front of more than fifty miles. Besides the Chattahoochee river, a number of large creeks water and drain the county. Springs and wells afford abun- dant water of superior quality for all domestic uses. Popula- tion, white, 5,792 ; colored, 18.301 ; total, 24,093. County seat, Seale; population, 299. Acres in county, 412,203. Assessed value of property in county 1891, real, $1,610,103.00; personal, $795,456.00; total, $2,405,559.00. Newspaper, Register, weekly, Seale. Railroads, miles of main track, Mobile & Girard, 34; Savannah, Americus & Montgomery, 22. Telegraph, miles of poles, 56. Chief crops, cotton, corn. oats, potatoes, sugar cane, etc. Crops in 1889 (census of 1890) - cotton, acres, 66,772; bales, 20,521; value, $951,622; corn, acres, 32,502; bushels, 318,550 ; oats, acres, 5,631 ; bushels, 54,703. The growing of fruits and stock raising are also receiving attention and are profitable industries. In agriculture the county is one of the best in the State, and as regards health, climate, and social, church and school facilities it is unsurpassed by any county in the State. Lands range in price from $2.50 to $25.00 an acre. Government land in county, 1,120 acres.
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HAND-BOOK OF ALABAMA.
SAINT CLAIR COUNTY.
Established by act November 20, 1818. Territory taken from Shelby county. Named for General Arthur St. Clair, a distinguished officer in the war of the revolution. Lies in northern Alabama. Area, 648 square miles; Coosa and Ca- haba valley lands, 448; coal measures, 200 (Coosa field, 150; Cahaba field, 50) ; woodland, all. County presents a great variety in its topographical and other natural features. Blount mountain forms the northwestern and the Coosa river the southeastern boundaries of the county, and in the northwest- ern corner of the county is Chandler's mountain, about six miles long and two miles wide. The Coosa coal field, a belt five or six miles wide, running parallel with and at an average distance of three or four miles from the Coosa river, extends throughout the county, and the northeastern extremity of the Cahaba coal field runs up into the county as far as the latitude of Springville. Between the Coosa river and the Coosa coal field lies the Coosa valley, and between the Coosa and Cahaba coal fields, the Cahaba valley. The valleys are themselves complicated by ridges running their whole length, dividing them up into narrow ribbons or subordinate valleys, differing widely from each other. The topography, soils, timber and other characteristics of the coal measures of this county are about the same as those of the coal measures in the other counties of the State. The soil varieties of the county are, gray, upland soil, which makes about one-half of the valley lands, and the timber on which consists of oaks, poplar and short leaf pine ; red or mulatto upland soil, making the other half of the valley lands of the county, with timber of oak, hickory, poplar, etc., and the sandy bottom lands, with long leaf pine associated with the other growth. The chief timber growth of the bottom land is white and red oaks, poplar and hickory. Along the Coosa river the soil is sandier, and these are the best cotton lands. The valley of Big Canoe creek is very fertile and attractive. Besides the Coosa river, the streams of the county are Broken Arrow, Trout, Shoal and Canoe creeks and the east and west forks of the Cahaba river,
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and water is abundant for all purposes and of the best quality for domestic purposes. Springs abound. The Cahaba river takes its rise among the hills of the county. Chief crops, cotton, corn, oats and wheat. Crops in 1889 (census of 1890)- - ", cotton, acres, 16,966; bales, 7,136; value, 8328,376.00; corn, acres, 24,946; bushels, 446.074: oats, acres, 4,235; bushels, 45,264; wheat, acres, 1,495 ; bushels, 7,406. County also pro- duces very fine orchard and other fruits. Mineral resources of county, brown and red iron ore, coal, limestone, building stone, marble, kaolin, etc. County particularly rich in iron ore and coal. Valuable mineral springs are also found in the county and are much patronized by health seekers. Popula- tion, white, 14,285 ; colored, 3,061 ; all others, 7; total, 17,353. County seat, Ashville. Acres in county, improved, 57,827; unimproved, 334,527 ; total, 392,354. Assessed value of prop- erty in 1891, real, $1,621,762.00 ; personal, $1,765,827.00 ; total, $3,387,089.00. No county debt. Total county tax on property, 2 mills, or 20 cents on each 8100.00 in value. Newspaper, Southern ZEgis, weekly, Ashville. Railroads, miles of main track, Alabama Great Southern, 27.81; East & West, 25.50 ; Georgia Pacific, 22.99 ; Talladega & Coosa Valley, --. Tel- egraph, miles of poles, East & West Railroad Company's line, 25.50; Atlantic Postal Telegraph Company, 28; Western Union Telegraph Company, 22.99. The health and climate of of the county are exceptionally good. and the county has good schools and good church facilities. Agricultural lands range in price from 85.00 to $25.00 an acre, and mineral lands from $5.00 to $50.00 an acre. Government land in county, 3,000 acres.
SHELBY COUNTY.
Established by act February 7, 1:18. Named for Isaac Shelby, first Governor of Kentucky. Lies in the north centre of the State. Area, 772 square miles ; valley lands (Coosa and Cahaba), 377 ; coal measures 395 (Coosa field, 235; Cahaba field, 160) ; woodland, all. Surface generally hilly and broken. The northwestern part of the county is formed by the coal
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measures of the Cahaba field; the central belt, by those of the Coosa field. Between the two is the Cahaba valley, with an average width of four or five miles, and east of the Coosa field, the valley of the Coosa. These coal measures have the usual rugged surface and sandy and not very fertile soils which are always found in such regions. The whole area is drained by the Cahaba river, which flows southwest the entire length of the county. The valley lands have a yellowish loamy soil, with red clay subsoil, or a gray, sandy soil, and are quite fer- tile. Prevailing timber, long leaf pine, oaks, hickory, chestnut and mulberry. Along the Coosa river, which forms the eastern boundary of the county, there is a magnificent growth of long leaf pine. South and southwest of Columbiana this growth reaches great proportions and has furnished for many years the fuel for the Shelby furnaces. Chief crops, cotton, corn, oats, wheat, potatoes, etc. Crops in 1889 (census of 1890) --- cotton, acres, 17,392; bales, 7,238 ; . value, $313,948.00 ; corn, acres, 24,418; bushels, 329,672; oats, acres, 5,955; bushels, 58,804; wheat, acres, 536; bushels, 2,853. Shelby is one of the mineral counties of the State, and is particularly rich in minerals. Iron ore and coal abound, and limestone, building stone and marble are also found in abundance. There are several large iron furnaces and coal mines and lime works in county. Fine mineral springs also exist. The health and climate of the county are not surpassed in the State, and there are good schools and many churches. Population of county, white, 14,281; colored, 6,605; total, 20,886. County seat, Columbiana ; population, 654. Other towns, Shelby, population, 753 ; Calera, population, 753 ; Gurnee, population, 291 ; Montevallo, population, 572; Helena. Acres in county, ` 453,295. Assessed value of property in county, real, 81,927,- . 889.00; personal, $2,412,177.00 ; total, $4,341,066.00. News- papers, News, weekly, Calera ; Chronicle, weekly, Columbi- ana. Railroads, miles of main track, Savannah & Western, 21.12 ; East Tennessee, Virginia & Georgia (Blocton branch), 29.02; East Tennessee, Virginia & Georgia (Selma, Rome & Dalton Railroad), 33.84; Louisville' & Nashville (Alabama Mineral), 8.27 ; Louisville & Nashville (Birmingham Mineral), 10.04 ; Louisville & Nashville (South & North Alabama), 21.96. Telegraph, miles of poles, 90.92. Lands, $2.00 to $25.00 an
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acre. Government lands in county. 3,320 acres. No county debt. Tax rate, 4 mills, or 40 cents on each $100.00.
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SUMTER COUNTY.
Established by act December 18, 1832. Named for General Thomas Sumter, of South Carolina, distinguished in the war of the revolution. Lies in western Alabama, on the Mississippi line. Area, 970 square miles ; central prairie region, 545 ; post oak flatwoods, 175; oak and hickory uplands, with long leaf pine, 250 ; woodland, all, except a few isolated patches of open prairie, amounting in all to about forty square miles. Surface generally level. A line running northwest and southeast through Livingston would mark approximately the limit of the prairies, which form the upper part of the county. South- west of this line, and occupying a belt varying in width from five to eight miles, are the flatwoods or post oak flatwoods. Soil varieties of county, the prairie or black lands, the upland and alluvial sandy soils, and the post oak flatwoods. The Tombigbee river forms the eastern boundary of the county. The other streams of the county are the Noxubee and Sucar- nochee rivers and a number of large creeks. Population, white, 5,919; colored, 23,655; total, 29,574. County seat, Livingston ; population, $50. Other towns, Gainesville, popu- lation, 1,017; York, population, 415. Acres in county, im- proved, 173,468 ; unimproved, 375,652; total, 549,120. Assessed value of property in county in 1891, real, $1,986,049.00 ; per- sonal, $1,870,268.00; total, $3,856,317.00. Newspapers, Mes- senger, weekly, Gainesville; JJournal, weekly, Livingston. Banks, 1, Gainesville; 1, Livingston. Railroads, miles of main track, Alabama Great Southern, 27.23; East Tennessee, Virginia & Georgia (Meridian division), 30.22. Telegraph, miles of poles, 57.45. Chief crops, cotton, corn, oats, peas, sugar cane and potatoes. County one of the best cotton and corn counties in the State. Crops in 1889 (census of 1890)-cotton, acres, $2,728; bales, 25,799; value, $1.220,- 888.00; corn, acres, 45,858; bushels, 788,235; oats, acres,
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HAND-BOOK OF ALABAMA.
2,152; bushels, 23,979. All southern fruits do well in the county, and stock raising is profitable. Lands, $2.50 to $25.00 an acre. Government land in county, 680 acres. County ranks among the first in the State in point of health and climate and social, educational and religious advantages.
TALLADEGA COUNTY.
Established by act December 18, 1832. Name said to be derived from two Muscogee words, teka, border, and talla, town .* Lies in the northern and eastern portion of Alabama. Area, 784 square miles ; all Coosa valley and ridge land ; woodland, all. Surface, hill, mountain and valley. Principal soils, the red valley soil, timbered with red, post and blackjack oaks, hickory, persimmon and sassafras ; the gray, gravelly soil, timbered with pine, oak and hickory, and the gray to blackish sandy loam of the bottom lands, timbered with beech, poplar, sycamore, ironwood, sweet gum, etc. Near the eastern border of the county, below the Kahatchee hills, the beautiful Talladega salley extends quite to the southern limit of the county, and in this valley is situated the well known Talladega sulphur springs. The Coosa river makes the entire western boundary of the county, and the principal streams of the county are, beginning at the north, Choccolocco, Talladega Tallasseehatchee creeks, which, with the smaller streams --- Blue Eye, Clear and Cedar creeks-receive the drainage of the 29,346. County seat, Talladega; population, 2,063. . Other towns, Jenifer, Ironaton, Sylacauga and Childersburg.i News- papers, Our Mountain Home, weekly, and News- Reporter, weekly, Talladega. Banks, 3, Talladega. Acres in county, improved, 123,611; unimproved, 354,880; total, 478,461. Assessed value of property in county in 1891, real, $4,030,- 885.00 ; personal, $3,405,934.00 ; total, $7,436,819.00. Rail- roads, miles of main track, Georgia Pacific, 9; Savannah
. . county. Population, white, 15,343 ; colored, 14,003; total,
. By others the name is said to be derived from two Indian words, tallafor, a town, and tokce, hills.
t For the population of these towns, see page 75, ante.
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& Western, 18.90; East Tennessee, Virginia & Georgia (Sel- ma, Rome & Dalton), 40.75; Alabama Mineral, 43.30; Ten- nessee & Coosa Valley, -. Telegraph, miles of poles, Western Union, 70.15. Products, cotton, corn, oats, wheat, potatoes, fruits, iron ore, limestone and marble. Gold, silver, copper and lead are also found in the county. County particularly rich in iron ore and marble. At Talladega, Ironaton and Jenifer are located large iron furnaces, and the marble quar- ries near Talladega and Sylacauga are extensive and valuable. The valley lands of the county are well suited to the culture of cotton. Crops in 1889 (census of 1890)-cotton, acres, 38,588; bales, 15,686; value, 8696,469.00; corn, aeres, 37,117; ยท bushels, 536,030 ; oats, acres, 9,670; bushels, 100,623. Owing to the fine grasses of the county, stock raising is profit- able. Valuable water powers are found in the county. At Talladega, the county seat, are located the Alabama Institute for the Deaf and the Alabama Academy for the Blind .; Lands range in price from $5.00 to $40.00 an acre. Govern- ment lands in the county, 10,800 acres. Water abundant for all purposes, and of best quality for domestic purposes. Health and climate of the county exceptionally good, and churches and schools numerous. Talladega county is one of the best counties in the State and offers every inducement to the settler.
TALLAPOOSA COUNTY.
Established by act December 18, 1832. Takes its name from -the Tallapoosa river, which flows through the county. Lies in the east centre of the State, near the Georgia line. Area, 795 square miles ; metamorphic, all; woodland, all. Surface, hill and valley. Soils, the gray soil, timbered with oaks, hickory, poplar, ash, etc., which makes about two-thirds of the cultivated lands of the county, and varies in fertility with the varying quality of the subsoil, which is sometimes a red clay and sometimes sand or gravel ; the red soils, timbered with oaks, hickory and pine, and which make about one-third of
t See pages 201-210 for descriptions of these institutions.
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HAND-BOOK OF ALABAMA.
the cultivated lands of the county, and the soils of the bottom lands, which are somewhat heavy and of colors and composi- tions varying with the uplands from which they are derived. The red soils are more widely spread over the southern half of the county, and are more suitable to grains, while the gray soils are best suited to cotton. The Tallapoosa river flows throughout the entire length of the county from northeast to southwest, but is not navigable. This river, with its three principal tributaries on the east-Sandy, Blue and Sauga- hatchee creeks-receives all the drainage of the county. Very valuable water powers exist in the county. Population, white; 16,854 ; colored, 8,606; total, 25,460. County seat, Dadeville, population, 873. Acres in county, 487,154. Assessed value of property in county in 1891, real, $1,364,123.00; personal, 81,251,570.00 ; total, 82,615,693.00. County debt, $25,000.00. Total tax rate, 73 mills. Railroads, miles of main track, Sa- vannah & Western, 34.30. Telegraph, miles of poles, Western Union, 35.30. Newspapers, New Era, weekly, Dadeville, Dis- patch, weekly, Alexander City. Bank, 1, Dadeville. Chief crops, cotton, corn, oats, wheat, rye, sorghum, sweet potatoes, ete. Crops in 1889 (census of 1890)-cotton, acres, 53,119; bales, 20,337 ; value, $964,099.00 ; corn, acres, 40,899; bushels, 562,961 ; oats, acres, 10,056 ; bushels, 76,549 ; wheat, acres, 1,667 ; bushels, 8,426. Gold and silver and several other valu- able minerals are found in the county. Lands, $2.50 to $15.00 an acre. Government land in county, 580 acres. Water, health and climate of the county of the very best in the State, and social, religious and school advantages excellent.
TUSKALOOSA COUNTY .*
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Established by act February 7, 1818. Takes its name from the Tuskaloosa or Black Warrior river that flows through the county. Lies in western and central portion of the State. Area, 1,346 square miles ; gravelly pine hills, 400; coal meas- ures, 946. Surface generally broken and hilly. Soils of the coal measures are mostly sandy and seldom very fertile. The
. The word Tuskaloosa is spelled either with a kor ac, and is from two Indian words, tuska, warrior, and loosee, black.
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THE COUNTIES.
uplands bring tolerably fair crops. A large area in the north- eastern part of the county is thinly settled, but the woods are well stocked with deer and other game, which find excellent pasture in the grasses and leguminous plants which there abound. The bottom lands of the county have a reddish loamy soil and red subsoil, and are the best farming lands in the county. Prevailing timber, oaks, hickories, pines, beech, sweet gum, poplar, elm, cottonwood, etc. The Tuskaloosa or Black Warrior river, which flows in general southwest through the centre of the county, receives nearly all the drainage of the county, and the Sipsey river, a tributary of the Tombigbee river, drains the northwestern corner. North river, the principal tributary of the Warrior, is also in this county. l'opulation, white, 18,213 ; colored, 12,138 ; all others, 1 ; total, 30,352. County seat, Tuskaloosa ; population, 4,215. Acres in county, 815.807. Assessed value of property in county in 1891, real, $2,967,519.00 ; personal, $2,631,535.00 ; total, 85,499,- 044.00. No county debt. Total tax rate, State, county and soldiers, 9 mills. Railroads in county, miles of main track, Alabama Great Southern, 41.28; Birmingham Mineral, 21.02. Telegraph, miles of poles, Western Union, 30. Newspapers, Gazette and Times, Tuskaloosa. Banks, 3, Tuskaloosa. Chief crops, cotton, corn, oats, wheat, potatoes, fruits, etc. Crops in 1889 (census of 1890)-cotton, acres, 39,437; bales, 13,008; value, 8619,110.00; corn, acres, 37,640 ; bushels, 550,186; oats, acres, 7,090 ; bushels, 61,762; wheat, acres, 13; bushels, 88. Excellent coal is found in the county, and very valuable water powers. Lands, $2.00 to $25.00 an acre. Government land in county, 60,240 acres. County one of the most noted in the State, the city of Tuskaloosa having been once the capital of the State, and in that city are located the University of Ala- bama, the Alabama Insane Hospital and several female colleges of high standing .* For health, climate, water, schools, churches and social advantages this county is not surpassed by any county in the State, and, by reason of its many advan- tages, is attracting considerable attention.
* For descriptions of these State institutions and colleges, see pages 185-193, 217- 222, and 2+4, ante.
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HAND-BOOK OF ALABAMA.
WALKER COUNTY.
Established by act December 20, 1824. Territory taken from Tuskaloosa and Marion counties. Named for Honorable John W. Walker, of Madison county, Alabama. Lies in the northwestern part of the State. Area, 824 square miles; all coal measures ; woodland, all. Surface generally hilly and broken. Soils, like the soils of all the. coal measures of the State, rather sandy and not very fertile; yet there are many areas of very good farming land, especially in the bottoms and lowlands of the various streams. Near the southern extremity of the county the two forks of the Warrior river, known as the Locust and the Mulberry forks, come together, forming the main river. Population, white, 14,409; colored, 1,669; total, 16,078. County seat, Jasper; population, 780. Aeres in county, 825,046. Assessed value of property in county in 1891, real, 82,170,289.00 ; personal, 82,296,437.00 ; total, 84,466,726.00. Railroads, miles main track, Birmingham, Sheffield & Tennes- see River, 28.10 ; Georgia Pacific, 33.60 ; Kansas City, Memphis & Birmingham, 45. Telegraph, miles of poles, Western Union Telegraph Company, 88.60. Newspapers, Mountain Eagle, weekly, and Headlight, weekly, Jasper. Bank, 1, Jasper. Chief crops, cotton, corn, oats, wheat, potatoes, orchard fruits, etc. Crops in 1889 (census of 1890)-cotton, acres, 9,466; bales, 3,211; value, 8146,125.00; corn, acres, 25,169 ; bushels, 369,456; oats, acres, 4,524; bushels, 38,551. County one of the richest in the State in its deposits of valuable coal; in faet, it is an almost unbroken coal field. Farming lands, $2.50 to $10.00 an aere. Government land in county, 11,200 acres. The climate and health of county are excellent, and the church and school . facilities are good, especially in the towns and villages.
WASHINGTON COUNTY.
This is the oldest of the counties of the State, and was established by a proclamation of the Governor of Mississippi Territory, dated June 4, 1800. Out of its original domain, sixteen counties in Mississippi and twenty-nine in Alabama
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THE COUNTIES.
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have since been formed, wholly or in part. Named for General George Washington, first President of the United States. Lies in southwestern Alabama, north of Mobile county, and on the Mississippi line. Area, 1,050 square miles; undulating pine lands, 800; lime hills and shell prairie lands, 150 ; pine hills, 100. Principal soil varieties, first, upland sandy soil, of gray to yellowish colors, covering over two-thirds of the county, and timbered chiefly with long leaf pine and blackjack ; second, river bottoms, occupying a large portion of the townships on the eastern border of the county, and timbered with white oak, ash, cottonwood, hickory, sweet gum, etc., and, third, lime lands (black prairie, shell prairie), occupying a large portion of the northern tier of townships in the county, and timbered with cedar, ash, hickory, chestnut, etc. The soils of the coun- ty, on the whole, are fairly productive, and in portions of the county they are quite fertile; but in the piny woods, which form so large a proportion of the area of the county, the lands are thin and not very fertile. The Tombigbee river forms the eastern boundary of the county, and the county is well watered by several large creeks. Population, white, 4,716; colored, 3,219 ; total, 7,935. County seat, St. Stephens; population, . 387. Acres in county, 536,150. Assessed value of property in county in 1891, real, $510,551.00 ; personal, $1,009,347.00 ; total, $1,519,898. Railroads, miles of main track, Mobile & Birmingham, 26.35 ; Mobile & Ohio, 23. Telegraph, miles of poles, Western Union Telegraph Company, 48.71. Newspa- per, Times, weekly, St. Stephens. No county debt. Total county tax rate, 43 mills. Products, cotton, corn, oats, pota- toes, sugar cane, orchard fruits, live stock, timber, lumber and naval stores. The yellow pine forests of the county are very extensive and valuable. Lands, $2.00 to $10.00 an acre. Gov- ernment land in county, 70,560 aeres. Health and climate of the county, like the health and climate of all the pine counties of the State, exceptionally good, and church and school facili- ties reasonably good.
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HAND-BOOK OF ALABAMA.
WILCOX COUNTY.
Established by act December 13, 1819. Territory taken from Dallas and Monroe counties. Named for Lieutenant Joseph M. Wilcox, of the United States army, a brave officer, who was killed in the county, by the Indians, in 1814. Lies in the southwest quarter of the State. Area, 940 square miles ; Oak and hickory uplands, with long leaf pine, 580; central prairie region, 300, of which 200 are of the hills-prairie char- acter and 100 of rotten limestone; flatwoods, 60. Surface generally uneven, but with considerable areas of level land. Soils fertile, for the most part, and the lands of the river bottoms very productive. County considered one of the best of the agricultural counties of the State. The Alabama river flows through the county, and there are a number of large creeks in the county, tributaries of that river. The drainage of the county is altogether by means of the river and its tributaries. Prevailing timber of county, long and short leaf pine, oaks, hickory, ash, elm, poplar, cypress, mulberry, beecli, magnolia, sycamore and walnut. Very fine timber is found in the county and its cedar growth is not surpassed in the State. Excellent cypress timber also exists in the county. Popula- tion, white, 6,648; colored, 24,168 ; total, 30,816. County seat, Camden ; population, 545. Acres in county, 566,333. As- sessed value of property in 1891, real, $1,896,645.00 ; personal, $1,024,805.00; total, $2,921,450.00. Railroads in county, miles of main track, Mobile & Birmingham, 26.50; Pensacola & Selina, 13.25. Telegraph, miles of poles, Western Union. + 39.76. Newspapers, Progress, weekly, New Era, weekly, Cam- den. County debt, $2,663.00. Total county tax rate, 5 mills. Chief crops, cotton, corn, oats, potatoes, peas, etc. Crops in 1889 (census of 1890)-cotton, acres, 91,597; bales, 32,582; Value, $1,496,163.00 ; corn, acres, 37,075; bushels, 633,838 ; oats, acres, 3,931 ; bushels, 46,583. County well adapted to orchard fruits and, owing to its fine native grasses and cane along the water courses, to the raising of live stock. County well watered. Lands, $2.00 to $25.00 an acre. Government land
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