USA > Alabama > Hand-book of Alabama. A complete index to the state, with map > Part 40
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* This plant has recently been rebuilt and enlarged.
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1 466
HAND-BOOK OF ALABAMA.
Lady Ensley Coal, Iron and Railroad Company .- Shef- field, Colbert county ; two stacks, each 75 x 17: Lady Ensley furnace, built in 1887-89: Hattie Ensley furnace, built in 1887-88; ore, brown hematite: product, foundry' and neutral forge pig iron ; total annual capacity, 80,000 net tons.
Mary Pratt Furnace .- Mary Pratt Furnace Company, Bir- mingham, Jefferson county ; one stack, 65 x 14 : built in 1882: rebuilt in 1889 : ores, brown and red fossiliferous ; annual ca- pacity, 30,000 net tons.
North Alabama Furnace, Foundry und Land Company, Florence, Lauderdale county ; one stack, 75 x 16; built in 1888; ore, brown hematite; annual capacity, 30,000 net tons.
Philadelphia Furnace .- Florence Cotton and Iron Com- pany, Florence, Lauderdale county ; one stack, 75 x 17; com- menced'in 1887 and completed in 1890-91; ore, brown hematite : product, foundry pig iron : annual capacity, 50,000 net tons.
Pioneer Furnaces .- Pioneer Mining and Manufacturing Company, Thomas, Jefferson county ; two stacks, each 75 x 17; No. 1, built in 1886-88: No. 2, built in 1889-90: ores, red and brown hematite; product, foundry pig iron ; total annual ca- pacity, 85,000 net tons.
. Sloss Furnaces .- Sloss Iron and Steel Company, Birming- ham Jefferson county : four stacks; No. 1, 65 x 16, built in 1881-82 : No. 2. 75 x 16, built in 1882; No. 3, 75 x 17, built in 1887-88; No. 4, 75 x 17, built in 1887-89: product, foundry and mill pig iron : total annual capacity, 175,000 net tons.
Talladega Furnace .- Talladega Iron and Steel Company, limited ; Talladega, Talladega county : one stack, 72 x 18; built in 1889 : ore, brown hematite : product, foundry and forge pig iron ; annual capacity, 40,000 net tons.
Tennessee Coal, Iron and Railroad Company -Nashville, Tennessee ; six stacks in Jefferson county ; Alice furnaces at Birmingham; two stacks; No. 1, 75 x 15: built in 1879-80; No. 2, 75 x 18, built in 1883 : Ensley furnaces at Ensley, four stacks, each 80 x 20; built in 1887, 1888 and 1890; ores, red and brown hematite; product, foundry and mill pig iron ; . annal capacity of Alice furnaces, 60,000 net tons ; of Ensley furnaces, 200,000 het tons.
Trussville Furnace .- Trussville Furnace and Mining Com- pany, Trussville. Jefferson county ; one stack, 65 x 162 : built
.
467
IRON AND IRON WORKS.
in 1887-9: ores red and brown hematite: product, foundry pig iron : annual capacity, 40,000 net tons.
Vanderbilt ( The) Steel and Iron Company .- Birmingham, Jefferson county ; Clara furnace, one stack, 65 x 14: built 1890 : ores. red and brown : produet, foundry pig iron : annual capacity, 25,000 net tons.
Williamson Furnace .-- Williamson Iron Company, Birming- ham. Jefferson county : one stack, 65 x 12 2-3; built in 1886: ores, red and brown hematite ; product, foundry and mill pig iron ; annual capacity, 15.000 net tons.
Woodstock Furnaces .- Woodstock Iron Company, Annis- ton, Calhoun county ; two stacks, each 75 x 16: built in 1887-9; ore, brown hematite; product, foundry pig iron ; an- mal capacity, 80,000 net tons.
Woodcard Iron Company-Woodward, Jefferson county: two stacks. each 75 x 15 : one built in 1882-3 and the other in 1886; ores, brown hematite, blackband and red fossil : product. foundry pig iron : total annual capacity, 70,000 net tons.
Number of coke furnaces in Alabama, thirty-eight com- pleted stacks and one stack partly built.
Charcoal .-. Attalla Furnace .- The Southern Iron Com- pany, Nashville, Tennessee : furnace at Attalla, Etowah county : one stack, 55 x 11. built in 1988-9: ores, red and brown hematite : product, car wheel pig iron ; annual capacity, 15,000 net tons.
Bibb Furnace .- Alabama Iron and Steel Company, Brier- field, Bibb county : one. stack: 55 x 12 : built in 1863: rebuilt in 1881 ; re-modeled in 1886: ore, brown hematite: annual capa .y, 14,000 net tons.
lifton Furnaces .- Clifton Iron Company, Ironaton, Talla- @ ,a, county ; two stacks : No. 1, 55 x 13, built in 1883: No. -, 60 x 14, built in 1889 90 ; ore, brown hematite : product, car wheel and malleable pig iron ; total annual capacity, 33,000 net tons.
Decatur Charcoal Fron Furnace .- Decatur Land, Improve- ment, and Furnace Company, New Decatur. Morgan county ; one stack, 60 x 12, built in 1887 8; blown in 1590; ore, red and brown hematite ; estimated annual capacity, 15,000 net tons.
468
HAND-BOOK OF ALABAMA.
Gadsden Furnace .- Gadsden Iron Company, Gadsden. Etowah county : one stack, 64 x 12, built in 1882; blown in in 1883 ; ores, red and brown hematite; product, foundry and car wheel pig iron; annual capacity, 9,000 net tons.
Jenifer Furnace .- Jenifer Iron Company, Jenifer, Tallade- ga county; one stack, 55 x 10; built in 1873, remodeled in 1884; rebuilt in 1892; ore, brown hematite; product, car wheel pig iron ; annual capacity, 15,000 net tons.
Piedmont Land and Improvement Company .- Piedmont, Calhonn county : one stack, 60 x 12; commenced in 1890; work suspended in 1891.
Rock Run Furnace .-- Bass Furnace Company, Rock Run, Cherokee county ; one stack 47 x 9, built in 1873-4, and en- largedl in 1881 , ore, brown hematite ; product, car wheel pig iron : annual capacity, 12,000 net tons.
Round Mountain Iron Works .- The Elliott Pig Iron Com- pany, Gadsden : furnace at Round Mountain, Cherokee county ; one stack, 45 x 93 ; built in 1853: rebuilt in 1874; remodeled in 1888; ore, red fossiliferous : product, car wheel pig iron : annual capacity. 7,000 net tons.
Shelby Furnaces .- Alabama Coal and Iron Company, Shel- . by, Shelby county : two stacks, Nos. 1 and 2, each 60 x 14: built in 1863 and 1873; ore, brown hematite; product, car wheel pig iron ; total annual capacity, 40,000 net tons.
Teemnsch Furnace .- Tecumseh Iron Company, Tecumseh, Cherokee county : one stack, 60 x 12; built in 1873; blown in in 1874; ore, brown hematite; annual capacity, 15,000 net tons.
Woodstock Furnaces.+-Woodstock Iron Company, Anni- ton, Calhoun county ; two stacks, each 54 x11 !: No. 1, built in 1873, rebuilt in 1880; No. 2, built in 1879, burned and re- built in 1891 ; ore, brown hematite: product, car wheel pig iron ; total annual capacity, 25,000 net tons.
Summary. - Number of coke furnaces in Alabama, com- pleted, 38; uncompleted, 1; total number, 39. Number of charcoal furnaces in Alabama, completed, 15; uncompleted, 1: total, 16. Total number of furnaces in Alabama, completed,
* In addition to these. there are in Alabama the following abandoned or long Inactive furnace. :
Cornwall Iron Works, Cedar Huff, Cherokee county, built in 142.
MoKee Furnace, Irondale Furnace postoffice, Jefferson county
Montgomery Furnace, Montgomery Furnace and Chemical Company, Mont gomery, Montgomery county ; commenced Imilding in 1887; uncompleted.
469
IRON AND IRON WORKS.
53 : uncompleted, 2 .* Annual capacity of completed furnaces in Alabama, net tons, coke, 1,407,000; charcoal, 211,000 : total, 1,018,000.
Rolling Mills and Steel Works in Alabama. - Alabama Iron and Steel Company .- Brierfield, Bibb county : built in 1863, rebuilt in 1882-53 and put in operation in 1883; product, merchant bar iron and nails : annual capacity, 9,000 net tons. Formerly called Brierfield Rolling Mills. See Farnaces.
Alabama Rolling Mill Company .- Birmingham, Jefferson county. Works at Gate City, Jefferson county. Built in 1887-8 ; produet, bars, bands, hoops, light T rails, etc. Annual capacity, 15,000 net tons.
Anniston Rolling Mills .- Anniston Rolling Mills Company. Aniston, Calhoun county. Built in 1890-1, but not put in operation.
Bessemer ( The) Rolling Mills. - Bessemer, Jefferson county. Built in 1887-8 : product, bar, guide, plate, and sheet iron. Annual capacity, 30.000 net tons.
Birmingham Rolling Mill Company .- Birmingham, Jeffer- son county. Built in 1880. New mill added in 1887 : product, bar, angle, sheet and plate iron, round edge tire, small T rails. tram rails and fish plates ; car iron a specialty. Annual ca- pacity, 50,000 net tons.
Fort Payne Rolling Mills .- Fort Payne, Dekalb county. Work of building commenced in 1889, work suspended in 1591 : prodnet, bars, light rails, nails and shapes.
Henderson Steel and Manufacturing Company .- Birming- ham, Jefferson county. Built in 1889-90 ; product, ingots. An- nual capacity, 9,000 net tons. This furnace takes the place of an experimental Henderson open hearth furnace, built in 1887-8.
Shelby Rolling Mill Company .- Helena, Shelby county. Building commenced in 1873. enlarged in 1889; product, mer- , and band iron, and light T rails. Annual capacity, 8.000 net tons. Formerly Central Iron Works.
Southern Rolling Mill .- Birmingham Railway . Supply Company, Birmingham. Built in 1588-9 ; product, merchant bar iron : daily capacity, 60 net tons.
United States Rolling Stock Company .- Anniston. Calhoun county. Built in 1884 : enlarged in 1888-9: product, car axles
470
HAND-BOOK OF ALABAMA.
and merchant bar iron. Annual capacity, 12,000 net tors Formerly Anniston Rolling Mills.
Number of rolling mills and steel works in Alabama, to. Of these, two have basic, open hearth steel plants.
Iron Pipe Works in Alabama .- Alabama Pipe Company
Bessemer; soil pipe exclusively; sizes, from two to .| inches : daily capacity, thirty tons : finished work, twenty tons.
Anniston Pipe Works .- Sizes, from three to thirty-ix inches ; daily melting capacity, 200 tons.
Chattanooga Foundry and Pipe Works .-- Chattanooga, Tennessee: works at Bridgeport; sizes, from twenty-four to . forty-eight inches : daily melting capacity, 100 tons.
Hercules Foundry Company .- Works at Pell City: soil pipe : sizes, from two to twelve inches ; daily melting capacity. fifty tons.
Howard- Harrison Iron Company-Bessemer ; sizes, from four to six inches ; daily melting capacity, 300 tons.
Car Axle Works in Alabama .-- United States Rolling Stock Company .- Anniston ; daily capacity, 160.
George Peacock .- Seha ; mine car axles.
Car Wheel Works in Alabama. - Bluffton Car Wheel Company .- Bluffton ; product, cast iron wheels ; daily capac- ity, 200.
Decatur Car Wheel, and Manufacturing Company .- New Decatur; product, chilled cast iron wheels; annual capacity. 50,000.
Peacock's Iron Works .-- Selma ; product, patent self oiling tram wheels ; annual capacity, 35,000; also, 15,000 small plate wheels.
United States Rolling Stock Company .- Anniston : product, cast iron chilled wheels : annual capacity, 60,000.
Car Builders in Alabama. - The Elliott Car Company .-. Gadsden : annual capacity, 2,000 freight cars.
The United States Rolling Stock Company .-- Anniston and New Decatur; annual capacity at each place, 4,500 freight cars.
Bloomaries in Alabama .- Anniston Bloomary .- Works at Anniston ; built in 1987; product, blooms from pig iron.
PART FIFTEENTH.
. THE COAL AND COAL MINES OF ALABAMA.
The coal fields of Alabama form the southern extremity of the great Appalachian coal fields, the northern limit of which lies along the western New York and Pennsylvania State line, and extends southwestward through portions of Pennsylvania, Maryland, West Virginia, Virginia, Ohio, Kentucky, Tennes- see, Alabama and Georgia. The coal deposits of Alabama are known to underlie the whole or portions of the counties of Franklin, Lawrence, Morgan, Marshall, Jackson, DeKalb, Cher- okee. Marion, Winston, Cullman, Etowah, Blount, Walker, Fayette. St. Clair, Jefferson, Tuskaloosa, Shelby and Bibb. The State geological survey of Alabama estimates that the coal deposits of the State embrace an area of 8.660 square miles, although actual mining operations are conducted in but ten conuties, viz : Blount, Cherokee, Tuskaloosa, Jefferson, Etowah. St. Clair, Bibb, Shelby, Walker and Cullman.
The coal region of Alabama is divided into three distinet districts : That portion drained by the Warrior river and its tributaries and the Tennessee river and its tributaries in Ala- bama constitutes the Warrior coal field, with an area of about 7,800 square miles. The Coosa field is situated in St. Clair and Shelby counties and is drained by the Coosa river and has an area of about 470 square miles. The Cahaba field lies along the Cahaba river in the counties of Shelby, Jefferson and Tuskaloosa, and has an area of about 390 square miles .*
The coals of Alabama embrace all the bituminous varieties, such as gas, coking, block, splint and cannel, thereby providing the rapidly developing industries and increasing population of
. For a more detailed description of these three coal fields, cre pp. fotos, ante.
472
HAND-BOOK OF ALABAMA.
the State with an inexhaustible supply of fuel for furnace. steam and domestic uses.
Mining of coal was begun in this State about the year 1853, but the total output. which was produced mainly by small operators for local consumption, did not reach 100,000 tons until the year 1876. The production for the census year, 1880, was 323,972 tons, valued at $476,911 at the mines. The growth of the industry thenceforward has been almost phe- nomenal, the product for the census year, 1889, being 3,378,484 tons, valued at $3,707,426. The output for the year 1892 will be, it is estimated, 4,000,000 tons. The average number of persons employed during the census year, 1889, in the coal industry of the State, was 6,762, and the amount of wages paid was 88.175,356. These figures apply exclusively to the mining of coal and preparing it for shipment. all expenditures for the manufacture and handling of coke being excluded.
Numerous estimates, of rather speculative than practical consequence, have been made of the volume of the coal de- posits of these fields. In a United States governmental publi- eation, in 1888, Mr. Charles A. Ashburner, who had been em- ployed in the geological survey, stationed at Pittsburg, Penn- sylvania, sagely said of a current estimate that there were over 108,394,000,000 tons of coal in the Warrior field alone in seams over eighteen inches thick : "Such estimates as these are of no practical value, since it is a matter of very little im- portance to the interests of the State or the coal trade whether the coal field contains fifty billion tons, more or less, while there may be said to be in sight sufficient coal, exeluding all other fields, to meet the wants of the entire United States for many years."
It is believed that there are not less than fifty seams of coal in the Warrior field, of which at least twenty-five are of workable thickness. The thinnest vein so far developed is three feet thick ; the thickest fourteen feet. In the Cahaba there are some twenty seams of coal, of which as yet only three. ranging in thickness from two to six feet, are worked on a considerable scale. Of the bituminous coal producing regions of the United States, the Alabama fields now stand at the head, the large need of the pig iron industry of the State hav- ing been the chief stimulus to their development.
478
COL AND COAL MINES.
Accessible virgin lands of varying thickness in coal may be had in Alabama in large bodies at from $10 to $50 an aere.
The following lines of railroad traverse the coal fields of Alabama and provide facilities for the transportation of the product : Alabama Great Southern : Louisville and Nashville, South and North Alabama, Birmingham Mineral and Alabama Mineral divisions : Kansas City, Memphis and Birmingham ; Georgia Pacitie: Nashville, Chattanooga and St. Louis ; East Tennessee, Virginia and Georgia, Alabama Division and Bloc- ton Branch : East and West : Cahaba Coal Mining ; Birming- ham and Atlantic; Birmingham, Sheffield and Tennessce River : Chattanooga Southern ; Fort Payne and Eastern ; Ten- nessee River, Asheville and Coosa: Savannah and Western ; Rome and Decatur .*
Owing to the indifference of operators, it has been found impossible in the compilation of this book to obtain any very correct or full statistics as to the coal industry in the State, . or any complete list of mines or operators, but the following list of coal mines in Alabama, with their location and output, was furnished to the writer of this article by one of the largest coal operators in the State and is as reliable and complete as it is possible to make such a list, but even this list is not given as complete, as there may be, and probably are, other mines in the States :
LIST OF COAL MINES IN ALABAMA-LOCATION AND
OUTPUT.
WARRIOR COAL FIELD- DAILY CAPACITY. TONS.
Carbon Hill Coal and Coke Company, Carbon Hill. 600
Chickasaw Coal Company. Carbon Hill. 150
Carbon Hill and Lost Creek Coal Company, Carbon Hill 100 Morris-Goss Mining Company. Carbon Hill 2200
McDonald Coal Company. Carbon Hill 150
J. T. Reed. Carbon Hill 50
Lady Ensley Furnace Company ( Ivy Leaf and Mag Ella), Horse Creek, 1.000 Dora Coal Mining Company. Horse Creek 100
National Mine . Thomas Price & Co .. Horse Creek. 150
Turner Coal Company, Palos. 250
Coal City Coal and Coke Company. Ja-per. 150
Townley Coal and Coke Company, Gamble .. 400
Corona Coal and Coke Company. Corona 1:00
Lockhart Mines. Corona. 150
Virginia and Alabama Coal Company, Coal Valley and Patton 1,200
Deer Creek Coal Company. Patton 100
American Coal Company. Hewitt 400
· For description of each of these railroads. see pages 375-35. ante.
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31
474
HAND-BOOK OF ALABAM.I.
Little Warrior Coal Company, De Bernier 200
Sloss Iron and Steel Company, Blossburg. Brookside and Coalburg. 4.000
Morrow Mines, near Birmingham. 1(из
Snake Mines, near Birmingham . 100
Peacock Coal Company, Days Gap
Watts Coal and Iron Company. Warrior.
Pearson Coal, Iron and Railroad Company, Warrior
Mabel Mining Company. Warrior .... 150
Warrior Coal and Coke Company , Warrior. 100
Hoene Consolidated Coal and Iron Company, Warrior 175
Bradford Mines. Wymond 150
Alabama Connellsville Coal and Cake Company. Connellsville 200 . . Tenn. Coal. Iron and Railroad Company, Pratt Mines and Blossburg, 5,000 Standard Coal Company, Milldale and Brookwood. 500
DeBardeleben Coal and Iron Company, Adger, Johns, Sumpter and Henry Ellen. 4,000
William Gonld. Coaling 75
Coaling Coal and Coke Company, Coaling
Mary Lee Coal and Railroad Company, near Birmingham 500
Woodward Iron Company. Woodward. 500
CAHABA COAL FIELD --
Cahaba Coal Mining Company, Blocton and Gurnee. 4,000
Montevallo Coal and Transportation Company, Aldrich 200
Mines at Briertield, not working
South Birmingham Coal Company, Zenida 150
COOSA COAL FIELD-
St. Clair Coal Company, Inman . 150
Coal City Coal and Coke Company. Coal City 150
Ragland Mines, not being operated.
f
COKE OVENS IN ALABAMA .*
NAME OF COMPANY.
LOCATION.
NO. OVENS.
.A.LIOV.IV.)
Alabama Connellsville Coal and Coke Company
Connellsville
50
75
Birmingham Furnace and Manufacturing Company Bradford.
103
115
Lady Ensley Coal. Iron and Railroad Company ...
.. Horse Creek.
200
Mary Lee Coal and Railway Company
!Mary Lee
110
Mitner Coal and Railway Company ..
Newcastle.
Pioneer Manufacturing and Mining Company
Thomas
400
500
Birmingham
285 1
Coalburg
216
1,100
Brookside
150 ?.
Blossburg.
105 |
Pratt Mines
805
1.100
Tennessee Coal and Iron Company.
Birmingham
250
345
Cahaba Coal Mining Company. ..
Bloeton .
467
De Bardeleben Coal and Iron Company
Oxmoor
100
130
Fort Payne Coal and Iron Company
Fort Payne.
100
150
Standard Coal and Iron Company.
Brookside
212
Townley Coal and Coke Company
Jasper.
300
Watts Coal and from Company .
Warrior
33
Warrior Coal and Coke Company
Warrior .
16
Woodward Iron Company
Woodward
5,303
:. 032
Total ..
Bess'r and Blue C'k.
920
1.170
Sloss Iron and Steel Company .
. This list is not complete, but is as nearly so as it was possible to make it. Most all of these oven- are owned by the furnace companies of the State. They are all, ot nearly all, ine hive ovens, and all are of kinds that give no by-product.
150
306
PART SIXTEENTH.
COTTON MANUFACTURING IN ALABAMA.
By Henry V. Meigs, Macon, Ga.
The census of 1880 makes the following statements in regard to the cotton manufacture of the United States during that year:
Capital employed.
$208,280,346
Horse-power employed by steam 126,750 " water 148,754- 275,504
Bales of cotton consumed 1,570,340 Pounds 6. 66
750,343,981
Cost of
$86,945,725
Pounds of goods produced
607,264,241
Value « $192,090.111 Number of spindles at work in 1880 10,653.435 Upon these statements I submit the following remarks :
Steam and water power used in nearly equal proportions.
Loss in weight in manufacture ( pounds ).
.
.
.143,077,740
( N. B .-- This shows abont 19 per cent. of loss, which is larger than is generally estimated.)
Average cost of cotton per pound .1123, cents.
Average value of goods " .31 3.
Capital employed per spindle .. $19.53
( Mem .- Looms and all other machinery included.)
.
476
HAND-BOOK OF ALABAMA.
Cotton spun by each spindle during the year ( pounds ) 57 Cotton cost for « $8.16 Value of goods produced per spindle. 18.00 Increase of value resulting from manufacture. . . . $105, 144,386
This increase is 14 cents per pound on 750,343,986 pounds.
The total crop of the season of 1879-'80 was 5,835,000 bales. At an average 475 pounds gross, it was, in pounds, 2,771,625,000. If all manufactured at home at the same in- crease of value, the total increase would have been over $388,000,000.
The inerease of value as deducted from the statements of the census was made on all numbers of yarn from eights to sixties, and is only stated to show the vast aggregate; and while it is no guide to the valuation of the lower numbers, it shows a very great increase in the value of the higher numbers.
Messrs. Latham, Alexander & Co., of New York, in their comprehensive work on "Cotton Movements and Fluctua- tions," state the crop of 1889-'90 - ten years later than the census - at 7,307,281 bales, of which the American consump- tion was 2,396,959 bales and exports 4,910,327 bales.
They report the average weight of the bale for the season at 478 pounds and the average price 11.54, cents per pound. They report the value of the exports of cotton in the season 1889-'90 at $250,507,314, and the value of the entire erop $373,161,831, so that according to their estimates the American consumption had a value of $122,654,507.
The census estimate of value for 1879 '80 is 11.33, cents per pound, almost exactly the same as Messrs. L., A. & Co. make it ten years later.
If the increase of valne due to manufacture in 1890 is as the census makes it in 1880, viz., 14 cents per pound, the home manufacture added $169.404,496 to the lint value of last year's erop.
At the same rate, the increase of value due to manufactur- ing the entire crop at home would have been $489,004,784, and the crop of 1889 -'90 in its manufactured state would have had a total valuation of the enormous sum of $$62,165,615.
Will the time ever come when the whole erop will be man- nfactured at home?
3
477
COTTON MANUFACTURING.
The object of the writer in presenting this prodigious and somewhat formidable array of figures, with other remarks to follow, is to arouse attention to the enormous " possibilities " of cotton and its home manufacture.
The census of 1870 reports the number of spindles in that year as 9,539,634 and the census for 1880 as 10,653,435, while Cotton Facts, a valuable annual publication, makes the number in 1890 14,405,000. Mr. Edward Atkinson, the. eminent sta- tistician, I think estimates the number at about the same.
The average consumption in 1870 is stated by the census at 56} pounds in the north per spindle, and at 1403 pounds in the south per spindle. The northern yarn averaged 28,56 hanks per pound : the southern yarn averaged 12.67 hanks per pound.
Admitting for the purposes of this article, that the crop of 1889-'90 was 7.307,201 bales, the loss in manufacturing would be, at 14 per cent., 488,997,824 pounds. Suppose the manu- facture to have been exclusively at the north, the manufact- urers at the north would have paid, at even the low rate of 50 cents per hundred pounds, on this vast quantity of cotton waste, useless and valueless, nearly two and a half million dollars. Suppose this manufacture to have been exclusively at the south, this vast sum would have been saved and kept at home, amounting in ten years to 825,000,000, simply because every ounce of waste would have gone to the waste piles of the southern mills instead of being carried uselessly hundreds of miles to northern and eastern mills.
If manufactured at home ( in the south ) every ounce of product would have been marketed without any deduction of value due to waste, but it would have cost less per pound to get it to market than the raw cotton of which it was made.
The difference in the rate of freight on lint cotton and manufactured goods is due to the manifest interest in freight- ers to foster the various enterprises along their various routes. The diminished freight charge is one of the many advantages the south has over its competitors.
The writer has found no statement of the water powers of Alabama; but the number must be very great and to become in the future, of very high value. The State seems to have a regular slope from the northern portion all the way to the
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