USA > Alabama > Hand-book of Alabama. A complete index to the state, with map > Part 26
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ash, hickory, elm, walnut and other valuable woods. Scenery varied and picturesque. Population, white, 56,953 ; colored, 31,531; all others, 17; total, 88,501. County seat, Birming- ham ; population, 26,178. Other cities and towns, Bessemer,* Oxmoor, Redding, Leeds, Henryellen, Trussville, Morris, War- rior, Coalburg, Pratt Mines, Woodward, Avondale, Woodlawn, Blossburg. Acres in county, improved, 204,885; unimproved, 614,654 ; total, $19,539. Assessed value of property in 1891, real, $26,400,180.00; personal, $14,007,926.00 ; total, 841,008,- 106.00. County debt, 1892, 8625,000. Total rate of county tax, for all purposes, on property, 4 mills. Newspapers, 19 .;
* For population of these cities and towns. see page TI, ante.
t For name- of these papers and where published, see Appendix.
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HAND-BOOK OF ALABAMA.
Banks, 17.# Railroads, miles of main track, Alabama Great Southern, 44.87 ; Georgia Pacific, 50.07; Kansas City, Mem- phis & Birmingham, 24.661 ; Central of Georgia (Savannah & Western), 20.29; East Tennessee, Virginia & Georgia (Blocton branch), 9.55 ; Louisville & Nashville (Birmingham Mineral), 104.18; Louisville & Nashville (South & North Alabama), 39.17. Telegraph, miles of poles, Atlantic Postal, 20.675; Western Union, 221.17. Resources, iron ore, coal, limestone, cotton, corn, oats, wheat, potatoes, fruits, etc. Iron ore and coal abound. Numerous iron furnaces, coal and iron ore mines, coke ovens, and limestone quarries in county. Pratt coal mines, the largest in the State, in this county. In iron and coal output, county ranks first in the State. Coal product in 1889, 2,305,383 tons (short) *; value at mines, $2,485,744.00. Large manufacturing interests at Birmingham, Bessemer and other points. Stock raising profitable. County well watered by several large creeks. Crops in 1889 (census of 1890)-cot- ton, acres, 11,790; bales, 4,829 ; value, 8218,019.00 ; corn, acres, 30,398 ; bushels, 439,316 ; oats, acres, 7,708; bushels, 88,586 ; wheat, acres, 316; bushels, 1,889. Health and climate good. Public school system, especially in Birmingham, excellent. Churches of all denominations. Unappropriated government land in county, 9,920 acres. Agricultural lands, 82.50 to $50.00 an acre.
LAMAR COUNTY.
Established in 1866 as Jones county, for E. P. Jones, of Fayette county ; abolished by Constitutional Convention of 1567; re-established in 1868, as Sanford county, for H. C. Sanford, of Cherokee county ; name changed in 1877 to Lamar. Lies in northwest Alabama, on Mississippi line. Area, 612 square miles ; gravelly hills, 572 ; coal measures, 40 ; wood- land, all. Surface, hilly and broken. Soils vary from stiff, reddish loams to light sands. Population, white, 11,338 ; col- ored, 2,849; total, 14,187. , County seat, Vernon ; population,
+ For names of these banks and where located, see Appendix.
* Total product in State that year, 3,378,484 ton- (short).
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THE COUNTIES.
192. Acres in county, 365,993. Assessed value of property in 1891, real, 8575,965.00 ; personal, $1,024,258.00 ; total, $1,600,223.00. County debt in 1892, none. Total rate of county tax, for all purposes, on property, 43 mills. Newspapers, Courier, weekly, Vernon ; News, weekly, Kennedy. Railroads, miles of main track, Georgia Pacific, 22.67 ; Kansas City, Memphis & Birmingham, 17. Telegraph, miles of poles, 39.67. Resources, iron ore, coal, cotton, corn, oats, wheat, live stock, orchard fruits, etc. Forest trees, short leaf pine, oaks, hick- ory, ash and chestnut. Valuable building stones are to be found in county. County well watered. Fine water power. Crops in 1889 (census of 1890)-cotton, acres, 20,716 ; bales, 6,998; value, $325,356.00 ; corn, acres, 25,881 ; bushels, 345,529 ; oats, acres; 5,419; bushels, 42,206; wheat, acres, 319; bush- els, 1,006. Schools and churches in all parts of the county. Climate and health excellent. Unappropriated government land in county, 360 acres. Lands, $2.00 to $10.00 an acre.
LAUDERDALE COUNTY.
Established by act of the Territorial Legislature, February 6, 1818. Territory from Cherokee and Chickasaw cession of . 1816. Named for Colonel James Lauderdale, a brave Tennes- see officer who was killed in the night attack on the British below New Orleans, December 23, 1814. Lies in the extreme northwest corner of Alabama, on the Mississippi and Tennes- see lines. Area, 682 square miles ; highlands, 382; red valley lands, 200 ; gravelly hills, with short leaf pine, 100; wood- land, all. Northern part (five-sevenths, called highlands or barrens) is an elevated plateau with considerable elevation above the sea (250 feet above the level of the Tennessee river, increasing towards the north), with light gray soils, rather poor as compared with the valley soils. The southern part is a portion of the great valley of the Tennessee river, and is a strip of gently undulating, nearly level lands, about 100 feet above the river, and some four or five miles wide, and with fertile soils, varying from red or brown loam to a dark or nearly calcareous loam. Timber trees of the highlands, post
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HAND-BOOK OF ALABAMA.
and black jack oaks and short leaf pinc, with finest white and red oaks, poplars, chestnuts, etc., along the creeks and ravines of the valley lands, the various species of oaks and hickories. A marked feature of the valley region is the great abundance of big springs and sink holes. Drainage of the county, all southward into the Tennessee river, which flows along its entire southern boundary. Some of the springs of the county have a reputation for medicinal properties, the best known being Bailey springs, near Florence. Population, white, 16,564 ; colored, 7,173 ; all others, 2; total, 23,739. County seat, Flor- ence; population, 6,012. Acres in county, improved, 93,954; unimproved, 336,353 ; total, 430,307. Assessed value of prop- erty in 1891, real, $3,641,189.00 ; personal, $1,626,170.00 ; total, $5,267,359.00. County debt in 1892, 820,000. Total rate of county tax, for all purposes, on property, 4} mills. Newspa- pers, Herald, weekly, Times, weekly, Banner, weekly, Florence. Banks, 2, Florence. Railroads, miles of main track, Memphis & Charleston (branch), 1.70; Louisville & Nashville (Nash- ville, Florence & Sheffield), 17.12. Telegraph, miles of poles, 18.07. Tennessee river, flowing along southern boundary of county, and navigable, affords the county valuable water transportation. Resources, iron ore, cotton, corn, wheat, oats, sorghum, potatoes, orchard fruits, stock raising and manufac- · turing. At Florence there are two large iron furnaces, a cotton factory and a number of other manufacturing estab- lishments. Valuable water power. County watered by nu- merous large creeks, the Tennessee and Elk rivers. Crops in 1889 (census of 1890)-cotton, acres, 25,082; bales, 5,156; value, 8229,411.00; corn, acres, 39,239; bushels, 706,859; oats, acres, 2,445; bushels, 22,596; wheat, acres, 729; bushels, 4,244. Educational advantages of county, superior. At Flor- ence are the State Normal College,* Southern Female Uni- versity,* and Florence Synodical Female College. Churches of all denominations. Unappropriated government land in county, 19,100 acres. Lands, $5.00 to $25.00 an acre. Health and climate excellent.
* For sketches of these institutions, see Part Fifth, "' Education in Alabama."
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THE COUNTIES.
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LAWRENCE COUNTY.
Established by act Territorial Legislature February 4, 1818. Territory from Cherokee and Chickasaw cession of 1816. Named for James Lawrence, commander of the American frigate Chesapeake, mortally wounded in the combat between that vessel and the British frigate Shannon, off Boston, June 1, 1813. Lies in northwestern Alabama, near the Tennessee line. Area, 768 square miles ; red valley lands, 238 ; calcare- ous land along mountain slopes and in coves, 242 ; sandy lands of Little mountain, 150; coal measures, 160; woodland, all. Plateau of ' Warrior coal field terminates in lower part of county, in a mountain escarpment 250 or 300 feet in height, overlooking the Moulton valley, and which forms the divide between the waters flowing into the Tennessee and those flowing into the Warrior river. Between Moulton and Court- land, Little mountain, running east and west, separates Moul- ton valley, on the south, from the Tennessee valley, on the north. The county is thus divided into four belts; two with prevailing sandy soils, formed by the two mountam ridges, and two with calcareous soils, occupied by the two great valleys above named. The mountain soils and soils of the coal measures are of no great fertility, but holding well all fertilizers. Valley lands mostly of red sandy loam soil, of great natural fertility. Timber trees, short leaf pine, post and black jack oaks, hickory, cedar, gum, chestnut, honey locust, etc. Water abundant. Population, white, 12,536 ; colored, 8,189; total, 20,725. County seat, Moulton ; popula- tion, 450 (estimated). Acres in county, improved, 162,089; unimproved, 274,538 : total, 436,627. Assessed value of prop- erty in 1891, real, $1,769,487.00 ; personal, $934,080.00 ; total, $2,703,567.00. County debt, none. Newspaper, Advertiser, weekly, Moulton. Railroad, miles of track, Memphis & Charleston, 25,20. Telegraph, miles of poles, 25.20. Re. sources, cotton, corn, oats, wheat, potatoes, orchard fruits, etc. Stock raising profitable. County watered by numerous creeks and by the Tennessee river, which forms its northern bound- ary. Crops in 1889 (census of 1890)-cotton, acres, 40,001;
·
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HAND-BOOK OF ALABAMA.
bales, 9,248; value, $402,529.00; corn, acres, 44,631; bush- els, 638,994; oats, acres, 2,970; bushels, 38,815 ; wheat, acres, 1,072; bushels, 8,556. Good common schools exist in every portion of the county, and religious facilities are good. Health and climate of county equal to any in the State. Lands, $5.00 to $30.00 an acre.
LEE COUNTY.
Established by act of December 15, 1866. Territory taken. from Chambers, Russell, Macon and Tallapoosa counties. Named .for General Robert E. Lee, of Virginia. Lies in east center of the State, on Georgia line. Area, 610 square miles ; all metamorphic ; woodland, all. Soils, gray, red and sandy, and productive, especially with fertilizers. Lee is one of the great central cotton counties. Population, white, 12,149 ; col- ored, 16,545; total, 28,694. County seat, Opelika ; population, 3,703. Other towns, Auburn ; population, 1,440; Phoenix City, population, 3,700. Acres in county, 360,646. Assessed value of property in 1891, real, $2,151,322.00 ; personal, $2,158,856.00 ; total, 84,310,178.00. Newspapers, Democrat, weekly, Industrial News, weekly, State Alliance Banner, weekly, Opelika; East Alabama Times, weekly, Phoenix City. Banks, 2, Opelika. Railroads, miles of main track, Western of Alabama, 24.98; Savannah & Westen, 39.22; East Alabama, 3.75. Telegraph, miles of poles, 135.91. County watered by the Chattahoochee river, which forms its eastern boundary, and several large creeks. Resources, cotton, corn, wheat, oats, sugar cane, potatoes, orchard fruits, water melons, grapes, etc. Lime is also made in large quantities by the Chewacla Lime Works, near Jonesboro, and there is some manufacturing at Opelika. Forest growth, short leaf pine, upland oaks, hickory, poplar, ash, maple, dogwood, gums and cherry. Crops in 1889 (census 1890)-cotton, acres, 58,447 ; bales, 18,332 ; value, $872,926.00; corn, acres, 31,112; bushels, 329,438; oats, acres, 9,638; bushels, 74,749; wheat, acres 586; bushels, 3,326. Educational advantages, superior ; Agricul- tural and Mechanical College - located at Auburn; Opelika
· For description of this college. see pages 193-201, ante.
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THE COUNTIES.
has two schools of high order. Churches of all the leading denominations. Health and climate excellent. Lands, $3.00 to $20.00 an aere.
LIMESTONE COUNTY.
Established by act of February 6, 1818. Territory taken from lands ceded by the Cherokee and Chickasaw Indians in 1816. Named for the large creek that flows through it, which has a bed of hard lime rock. Lies in the extreme northern part of the State, between the Tennessee river and the State of Tennessee line. Area, 596 square miles. County resem- bles Lauderdale county in its geological structure, surface, configuration and soils .* A line drawn from the middle of its eastern boundary to its southwestern corner will divide the county into two portions, differing widely from each other. North of this line are the barrens, the extension into Alabama of the highlands of Tennessee: south of the line the lowlands of the Tennessee valley. Bottom lands have the usual fertile sandy loam soils, and are better suited to corn than cotton. Other valley lands have soils of clay loams of red, brown and almost black colors, and yield, when fresh, from 1,000 to 1,500 pounds of seed cotton to the acre. The soils of the barrens are the same as those of the barrens of Lauderdale county, and what has been said in regard to the latter will apply here.i Forest growth of the county, hickory, poplar, chestnut, red and white oak, beech, maple, red and white gum, walnut and cherry. County watered by the Tennessee river, which makes its southern boundary; Elk river ( navigable for small boats at certain seasons ) and many large creeks. Population, white, 12,075; colored, 9,125; all others, 1; total, 21,201. County seat, Athens; population, 940. Aeres in county, improved, 117,864; unimproved, 206,620; total, 324,824. Assessed value of property in 1891, real, $1,853,- 127.00 ; personal, $1,320,467.00; total, 83,182,594.00. County debt in 1892, $6,000.00. Total rate of county tax, for all
* See pages 303-304, ante.
+ See page 303, ante.
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HAND-BOOK OF ALABAMA.
purposes, on property, one-half of one per cent. Newspa- pers, Courier, weekly, Advertiser, weekly, Athens ; Enterprise, Elkmont. Bank, 1, Athens. Railroads, miles of main track, Memphis & Charleston, 12.10; Louisville & Nashville (Nash- ville & Decatur), 26.03. Telegraph, miles of poles, 39. Re- sources, cotton, corn, wheat, oats, etc. County well adapted to stock raising, owing to its fine grasses and pasturage. Orchard fruits do well. Crops in 1889 (census of 1890) -- cot- ton, acres, 52,989 ; bales, 8,093 ; value, $353,304.00 ; corn, acres, 39,970 ; bushels, 671,662 ; oats, acres, 2,326; bushels, 23,982 : wheat, acres, 1,084; bushels, 6,413. Social, educational and religious advantages are the best, and the health and climate of the county excellent. In Athens, the county seat, there are several schools of high grade. Lands, $5.00 to $25.00 an acre. Unappropriated government land in county, 1,840 acres.
LOWNDES COUNTY.
Established by act approved January 20, 1830. Territory taken from Montgomery, Dallas and Butler counties. Named for William Lowndes, the South Carolina statesman. Lies near the centre of the State. Area, 720 square miles; all prairie (rotten limestone and rolling or hill prairie) ; wood- land, all, except a few square miles of open prairie. In the prairie region a large area of the uplands are brown sandy soils. Principal soil varieties are the sandy loams of the table lands, the dark loams of the bottoms, and the calcareous soils of the prairies and lime hills. Soils very productive. Bottom lands particularly adapted to corn, of which crop forty bush- els to the acre are often made. Principal crops, cotton, corn, oats, potatoes, millet and sugar cane. Lowndes is situated in what is known as the " black belt " * of Alabama, and is one of the richest agricultural counties of the State. Population. white, 4,466; colored, 27,084; total, 31,550. County seat, Ilayneville ; population, 355. Other towns, Lowndesboro. Benton, Fort Deposit and Mount Willing. Acres in county,
* Called so from the black color of the lands.
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THE COUNTIES.
442,514. Assessed value of property in 1891, real, 82,155,- 959.00 ; personal, $1,739,189.00; total, $3,895,148.00. News- papers, Examiner, weekly, and True Citizen, weekly, Hayne- ville. Railroads, miles of main track, Western of Alabama (Selma division), 22.42; Louisville & Nashville (Mobile & Montgomery division), 21. Telegraph, miles of poles, 64.42. The Alabama river-navigable throughout the year, forms the entire northern boundary of the county. County watered by several large creeks. Climate and health good, and school and church facilities superior. Crops in 1889 (census of 1890)- cotton, acres, 113,341 ; bales, 40,430 ; value, $1,847,206.00 ; corn, acres, 51,080; bushels, 1,063,793 ; oats, acres, 4,501 ; bushels, 60,608. Lands, $3.00 to $20.00 an acre. There are no unap- propriated' government lands in this county.
MACON COUNTY.
Established by act approved December 18, 1832. Territory ceded by Muscogee Indians. Named for Nathaniel Macon, a distinguished statesman of North Carolina, who was a mem- ber of Congress continuously from 1791 to 1828, and who had been a soldier in the revolutionary war. Lies in the east centre of the State. Area, 622 square miles ; gravelly hills, with long leaf pine, 322 ; prairie region, 260 ; metamorphic, 40 ; woodland, all. Soils, uplands generally sandy loams, of yellowish to light colors ; bottoms vary with the locality, being clay loams, and in places prairie like. Subsoil mostly yellow or red clay. Soils easy of tillage. Chief crops, cotton, corn, oats, rye, wheat, etc., and the lands are about equally well adapted to each. All the fruits of this section do well in the county. The forest growth consists of oak, hickory, pine, poplar, beech, red elm, gum, magnolia and maple. In the northern end of the county are vast quarries of excellent granite, partially developed, Red ochre is also found in the county. Population, white. 4,148 ; colored, 14,200; all others, 1; total, 18,439. County seat, Tuskegee; population, 1.803. Assessed value of property in 1891, real, $1,178,018.00; personal, $358,891.00; total, $2,-
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HAND-BOOK OF ALABAMA.
136,999.00. Acres in county, 380,904. County debt in 1892, none. Total rate of county tax, for all purposes, on property, one-half of one per cent. Newspapers, News, Mail, weekly, Tuskegee ; Universalist Herald, semi-monthly, Notasulga. Banks, 2, Tuskegee. Railroads, miles of main track, Western of Alabama (Montgomery division), 26.38 ; Tuskegee railroad, 5.50 ; Mobile & Girard, .75. Telegraph, miles of poles, 64.76. County watered and drained by the Tallapoosa river and a number of large creeks. Water for all domestie purposes abundant and of finest quality. Health and climate not sur- passed in the State. Churches numerous and school facilities excellent. Tuskegee, the county seat, has long been noted as an educational centre, and the Alabama Conference Female College is located in the town (see pages 234-235). Crops in 1889 (census of 1890)-cotton, acres, 56,134; bales, 19,099; value, $902,227.00 ; corn, acres, 26,803 ; bushels, 316,365 ; oats, acres, 4,440 ; bushels, 46,700. Unappropriated government lands in county, 40 acres. Lands, $2.50 to $10.00 an acre.
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MADISON COUNTY.
Established December 13, 1808, by proclamation of the Governor of the Mississippi Territory. Named for James Madison, then Secretary of State, and afterwards President, of the United States. Lies in the extreme northern portion of the State, on the Tennessee line. Area, 796 square miles ; red valley lands, 346; barrens, 150; calcareous mountain slopes, 100; coal measures, table lands, 150; sandy lands on smaller mountains, 50; woodland, all. Southwestern part of county is covered principally by the red or brown soils char- acteristic of the Tennessee valley, and is the most desirable portion of the county for farming. In general this part is level or gently undulating, with a few isolated mountain peaks. which vary the scenery. The northwestern part of the county is occupied by the " barrens," with gray, sandy or gravelly soils of only medium fertility. The valleys separating the moun- tain spurs have mostly calcareous soils. The Tennessee and
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THE COUNTIES.
Paint Rock rivers bound the county on the south and south- east, while Flint river and its tributaries water the greater portion of the northern and eastern portions of the county. The county is abundantly supplied with water for all purposes, and water powers are numerous and valuable. Population, white, 19,228 ; colored, 18,886; all others, 5 ; total, 38,119. County seat, Huntsville ; population, 7,995. Acres in county, improved, 188,513; unimproved, 259,025 ; total, 447,538. As- sessed value of property in 1891, real, 84,541,520.00 ; personal, $2,279,259; total, $6,820,788.00. County debt in 1892, -. Total rate of county tax, for all purposes, on property, -. Newspapers, Mercury, daily and weekly, Democrat, weekly, Huntsville. Banks, 2, Huntsville. Railroads, miles of main track, Huntsville & Monte Sano, 8; Memphis & Charleston, 29.90; Nashville, Chattanooga & St. Louis, 24.17. Telegraph, miles of poles, 50.90. Resources, cotton, corn, oats, wheat, clover, tobacco, rice, peas, potatoes, etc. Madison is the ban- ner county of the Tennessee valley in the production of cotton, both in the percentage of tilled land in cotton and in the num- ber of bales produced ; and, in the production of corn, its rank in 1889 was second among the counties of the State .* The wheat crop of the county is annually increasing, and twenty- five to thirty bushels per acre, on good land, is not an unusual crop. The soils of the county are particularly well adapted to clover, tobacco, rice, peas and potatoes, and the dairy and orchard products receive considerable attention. Stock rais- ing is profitable, owing to the fine grasses of the county. The vineyard is also receiving attention. The timber is chiefly post, black, white, spanish and blackjack oaks, beech, poplar and sugar maple. Crops in 1889 (census of 1890) - cotton, acres, 75,205 ; bales, 13,150; value, $576,976.00 ; corn, acres, 64,238 ; bushels, 1,109,800; oats, acres, 7,822; bushels, 102,216; wheat, acres, 1,721; bushels, 12,968. Cotton manufacturing receives attention, and there are several cotton factories in the county. The health of the county, especially in the elevated parts, is excellent, and Monte Sano, with its fine hotel, near Huntsville, is a noted summer health resort. Schools of excel- lent grade are to be found in all parts of the county, and in Huntsville there are several colleges and high schools. In
* Lowndes county was first-1,063,793 bushels.
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HAND-BOOK OF ALABAMA.
point of social and religious advantages, Madison ranks among the first of the counties of the State. Lands range in price from $5.00 to $25.00 an acre. Unappropriated government land in county, 2,180 acres.
MARENGO COUNTY.
Established by aet February 7, 1818, out of territory eeded by the Choctaws, October 24, 1816. Name, commemorative of Bonaparte's famous victory over the Austrians in 1800, was adopted in compliment to the early French settlers, who were imperialists, expatriated from France. Lies in the west eentre of the State, with the Tombigbee river for its western bound- ary. Area, 960 square miles ; prairie region, 480; oak and hickory uplands with long leaf pine, 380 ; post oak flatwoods, 100; woodland, all, except a few square miles of open prairie. County situated in what is known as the " black belt " of the State, from the black color of its lands, and, agriculturally, it is one of the most productive in the State. Soil varieties, black prairie of the plains, mulatto soils of the table lands, and gray hammock. County largely in the famous "cane- brake region " of Alabama, noted for its fertile soils. Several large creeks water and drain the county. Population, white, 7,814; colored, 25,281 ; total, 33,095. County seat, Linden. Chief town, Demopolis ; population, 1898. Acres in county, 607,488. Assessed value of property in 1891, real, $2,109,- 986.00 ; personal, $1,345,899.00 ; total, $3,455,885.00. County debt, none. Total rate of county tax on property, for all pur- poses, four-tenths of one per cent. Newspapers, News, weekly, Demopolis ; Reporter, weekly, Linden. Banks, 2, Demopolis. Railroads, miles of main track, Mobile & Birmingham, 1.95 ; East Tennessee, Virginia & Georgia (Meridian division), 19. Telegraph, miles of poles, 20.95. Resources, cotton, corn, oats, potatoes, sugar cane, etc. Timber trees, oaks, hickory, poplar, ash, cedar, gum, ete. In the southern end of the county are large tracts of yellow or long leaf pine, in its virgin state. Along the streams are dense brakes of cane, and in the swamps
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THE COUNTIES.
large districts of palmetto. The " flatwoods" in the county, covered with wild clover, lespedeza, from March to winter, afford fine grazing.' The health and climate of the county are good, and its advantages in the way of society, churches and . schools are equal to those of any county in the State., Lands, $2.00 to $25.00 an acre. Unappropriated government land in county, 2,400 acres. Crops in 1889 (census of 1890)-cotton, acres, 94,080; bales, 31,651 ; value, 81,436,829.00 ; corn, acres, 44,233 ; bushels, 796,922 ; oats, acres, 4,225; bushels, 58,236.
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