USA > California > Monterey County > History of Monterey County, California : with illustrations descriptive of its scenery, farms, residences, public buildings, factories, hotels, business houses, schools, churches, and mines : with biiographical sketches of prominent citizens > Part 1
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annex
CALIFORNIANA
مشرة والمواد
SAN FRANCISCO PUBLIC LIBRARY
3 1223 90193 5818
MORS
LITE
SA
ACCESSION
BOOK NO.
£979.476 H629h 81250 NOT TO BE TAKEN FROM THE LIBRARY
3427-5M+-37
1
-
ʻ
٢
1
A
11.
THE BAY OF MONTEREY.
THE PRESIDIO AND PUEBLO OF MONTEREY.
4
MISSION OF SAN CARLOS, AND BAY OF CARMEL.
FAC SIMILES OF VIEWS PUBLISHED IN LONDON FROM SKETCHES
MADE IN 1832 BY CAPT, WM SMITH. OF THE ROYAL NAVY. REPRODUCED FOR ELLIOTT & COS HISTORY OF MONTEREY COUNTY.
HISTORY
OF
MONTEREY
COUNTY,
CALIFORNIA,
WITH
ILLUSTRATIONS
DESCRIPTIVE OF ITS
SCENERY, FARMS, RESIDENCES, PUBLIC BUILDINGS,
Factories, Hotels, Business Houses, Schools, Churches, and Mines.
FROM ORIGINAL DRAWINGS BY ARTISTS OF THE HIGHEST ABILITY.
WITH BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES OF PROMINENT CITIZENS.
ELLIOTT & MOORE, PUBLISHERS, 106 Leidesdorff Street, San Francisoo, Cal, 1881.
£1 01004.7.2
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PREPARED FOR THE
County History.
LoniEsas
ELLIOTT & MOORE, Publishers, SAN FRANCISCO, 1880,
S. P.
Dry
PILOT
Buona
Patinetlo
FIEL
Cine
SUTTER
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West Gate
SCHTANNIE
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MAP
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SAN
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LIVERMORE
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NEWARK
SHOWING
B
Amespor 7
NO REDWOOD
LetónIstIMA
MAYFIELD
MILPITAS
ALVISO
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& SAN GREGORA
SANTA CLARA
PUBLISHED BY
SAN JOSE R
AN HAMILTON
· PESCADERO
AN
LOS GATOS
NOEDEN VALE
ELEXINGTON
ANUAL MO
Owens
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LAMT
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LORENZO
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PACHECO PASS MOUNTAIN HOUES
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Los Banos Cr.
LIGHT HOUSE
6 SAN FELIPE 0PACHECOVILLE
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WALLACE .W.ELLIOTT & CO. 106 LEIDISDORFF ST. SAN FRANCISCO.
70 South Fork
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VANCOUVERS
MAP TO ILLUSTRATE
Wind Currents OF THE
51.29
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PACIFIC COAST.
FROM APRIL
To OCTOBER
COMPILED FOR
Eutiort & GOS ILUSTRATED HISTORY
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CAPE MENDOCK(O)
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34.10'
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WILMINGTON
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135:20
NORTH EQUATORIAL
117:45
EXPLANATION OF CHART.
THE SCALE OF THIS MAP, HAS BEEN MUCH SHORTENED FROM NORTH TO SOUTH, IN ORDER TO BRING THE MOST IMPORTANT COAST OPENINGS WITHIN A SHORT SPACE, THE LINES THAT CROSS HORIZONTALLY SHOW THE POINTS WHERE YEARLY AND MONTHLY TEMPERATURE AND RAIN FALL HAVE BEEN ASCERTAINED, AS EXPLAINED IN TABLE ON ARTICLE ON WIND CURRENTS.
JAPAN CURRENT
1
.
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
LIST OF LITHOGRAPHIC ILLUSTRATIONS, MAPS, CHARTS, AND DIAGRAMS.
Alexander, Hon. J. K. Residence
73 | Lynn, Michael, Residcuce. James, Residenec ...
76
Willeox, Edward, Residence 158
Archer, Dr. S. M. Residence.
..
.100 Mission of Sun Carlos in 1832. .Frontispiece
.134
Waters, C. H., Residence ..
Almoud Orchard of M. San Pedro.
.. Frontispiece Malsbory, Job, Residence
32
31 Zabala, P., Country Residence
Bird's Eye View of Monterey Bay
104
WOOD ENGRAVINGS.
= John, Residence ..
131
Mountain View Ranch. Moorland Cottage.
20 120
Beneh Scenc, Monterey . 121
Bolado, Joaquin, Ranch. Buena Esperanza Raneho. .
54
Nason, E., Dairy and Residonce.
138
Butt, G. F. Residence.
12, 124
162
63
Cornwell, James F. Farmi View
178
Golden Gate 13
Cothran, H. W. Residence ..
100 Perry, Richard, Residence.
174 78
Grist Mills of Early Settlers, 27
Canfield, R. W. Residenee.
28
Private Infirmary
8
Indian Sweat House 99
SO Raggio, Luigi, Residence.
174
Plow of the Natives 23
Castroville School Building
15
Catholic Church, Salinas. .
20 Ross, Jesse, Residenee .. .
92
San Juan Mission.
17
England, W. W. Residence.
SS
Santa Anita Ranch.
166
Spanish Ox-eart 25
Fenton, E. Shop and Resideuee
182 San Benito Advance Office,
38
Green, John W. Residenec.
46
Grove Cottage Farm ..
42 Steffani, Joseph, Dairy
State Capital.
Geil, S. F., Residence.
16 Smith, J. B., Ranch.
58
MAPS, CHARTS, ETC.
Hatch, George W.
158
Scott, J. B. .
Harmon, G. S., Residence.
142
Santa Rita School-house.
30
Charts showing Size of Counties. 69
Hodges, Jas. I. .
.178
Sorentini, Rev. E., Church.
178 Diagram of Rain-fall S8
Johnson, Henry, Residence.
120
Towle, G. W.
146 Map of the State,
Ladd, L. M., Ranch and Residence
96 Map of Central California
Las Aromas, Rancho .
INDEX TO THE HISTORICAL, LOCAL, AND GENERAL MATTER.
An Agricultural County. Anderson, C. L., on Climate
S3
Carmelo Mission.
53
14 Assessincut Roll, 1851 104
Arroyo Seco Valley
95
= Alps.
69
Divorce Recordt. 105
Assessment Roll of 1851
20
Continued Discoveries by Land and Sea.
21
Crain Crowing ... 105
Attack on Monterey Mission
20
Colonization Party of 1834
33
Business Houses in Salinus. 10g
Agriculture of Native Californians
33 Capabilities of the Country.
43
Loention at Castroville 110
Appeal to U. S. Government.
37 Celebrated Alcalde Black buru
52
California Jury. . 121
A Change Predicted.
51
Capture of Monterey
62
Newspaper in California.
120
Aets of Early Legislatures
Capital at Sacramento.
141
,4 Alealde. .
20
Altitude of Mountains.
Date of First Missions.
88
Agriculture of Early Times.
Description of Original Inhabitants.
C'ast Plow and Miner's Pick 46
Arrival of Captain Sutter. .
45
Decline of Various Missions.
65
.. Ferry-boat on Bay. 29
Agricultural Statistics.
Donner Party, 1846.
= Settlement in San Joaquin Valley 41
26
Effeet of Missionary Labor.
153 ., Windmill in State
27
Bathing at Monterey.
18 Erie Township .. 32
Tannery Constructed
227 30
Birth of San Benito County.
27
., American Resident of San Francisc 31
Business Houses of San Juan
= Emigration Societies.
59
Battle of the Salinas.
60
Protestant Worship. 45
53
= American Governor.
58
Contest over the New County
134 |Fremont Ordered out of Country
141
General Fremont and Operations. Unstro
13G 92
Character of General Castro ...
8-1
Ccology of the Conuty
93
Climate and Health of County
Fertilo Valleys of Monterey County
TO
Carmelo Valley
Founding of First Mission .
Great Mountain Ranges.
59
Capey, Bays, and Harbors
51
Grand Rush for the Gohl Miney
12 21
County Board of Education. Statistics,
10G Fandango, Tho
134
Centenarian of Monterey.
110
= American Flag Raised,
135 148
Castroville and Vicinity. First Located.
111
111
= Baptism and Death at San Juan. 146
Silo Constructed.
181
Gains Prominence.
Business HouseB.
112 Teachers in San Benito County .. 180
"l'enchers' Institute.
181
Laid out and Named 14S
Reading-Room
112
Argua. . .
74
California in Transition State.
65
= Jury Trials. 105
A Remarkable Canyon.
104
Comparative Size of Counties.
15 Hotel in Salinas 108
Anuual Revenue Received
23 Capture and Imprisonment of Settlers.
37
Mill in Salinas Valley. 100
Anecdote of Judge Ide. .
64
Convention called at Monterey
65
Agricultural Productions.
Diagram of Rain-fall.
17
Adobe residences.
IS
Englishi Historian 31
19
Billiard Table. 31
.. Indian Baptism: 18
Alcalde Meete the Miner.
Dairying in Early Times.
53, 159 .1 Settler in San Joaquin Valley. 35
56
Discoveries of Gold.
Pioncer Squatters. .. Industry of California,
26
Building Mission Churches
131
,, Discoveries of Gold.
57 31
.. Saw-inill Erected.
.. Settlement North of Saeranlentu.
Grindstoues Manufactured . 43
Bear Flag War.
Explorers Name Rivers and Trees
134
133
135
133
135 Forbes' Account of the Missions.
83
137
Fogs Prevail on tho Const. .
149
Geological Diagranı.
13
Cholame "
79 | Final Disposition of tho Mission
95 Fight Under the Bear Flag.
Coal in Monterey County
103 |Fate of the Donner Party.
Great Slaughter of Cattlu
Goldon Age of Native Californians Grist-inills of Early Settlers. ..
Gold-dust Refused by Merchants 58 131
164 Hollister in its Infancy. . 133
133
11 Secret Societies. .
111
112 Superintendent of Schools.
Past and Present ..
148
History of San Benito County.
Churches and Schools.
132 | Early Distillery in Monterey. = Orehard.
= Schooner Built.
Breen, Hon. J. F., History of San Benito.
139
Botany of the County.
89 45 Emmigration Companies
Era of 1849.
14
Biographies of Pioneer Settlers
Friends of New County Sueceed.
County Indebtedness Arranged Divided into Four Townships.
Favorable Location of Montorey.
153
Cinnabar and Neighborhood ..
Fashion Stables, Hollister. . .
15 Gabilan Monntains.
83 75 75
13 Geographical Features,
.5.4, 159 Glaneo at Early History .
First County Officers Eleetel 108
23
Agricultural Society of San Benito County. Bay of Carmelo .. . Monterey.
131
126
25 40 = "' Mission Churches. " Mission Couverts
18
Active Life of Pioneera.
56
A Speck of Gold,
61
Descriptive Matter.
GS .. 147 81 79 Deserted Mines
C'aliforma Legislature. 63 State Senators Eleeted, 63
23
Soto, J. M., Residence.
80
80 Charts Showing Wind Currents. 6
Hammond, C. Y., Residence
42
Shaw & Baldwin.
142 Ideal Section of Mountains. 93
Land, W. C., Resideuee.
154 Vache, Theophile, Vineyard.
.100 | Watson, Henry, Residence.
170
Wood, Charles A., Residence. 178
Bay of Monterey in 1832 ..
12 Me Kinnun, Duncan. Mayers, Henry, Residlenee,
Breen, Patrick, Residence, .
104 | MeUnsker, Mrs. T. C., Residences
32
Alcalde Colton and the Miner . GL
= Hon. J. F. Portrait.
116
Carmelo Mission Chnrel 118
46 Noble, William, Raneh.
Coast Scene.
Pease, R. D., Farm and Buildings
150
Cypress Point. 124
Bath House, Monterey .
.146
Pleasant View Ranch
Colton Hall ..
92 Pacific Coast Office ..
County Hospital of Monterey.
80 Presidio and Pueblo of Monterey in 1832.
142
Monterey in 1846 33
Cypress Cottage,
50 Rupe, Johu, Residence.
50 | Reed, W. I., Residence.
112
San Francisco Bay, 1846. 17
Cullman, Mra. A. M. Residences
174 San Pedro, M., Residence.
116
Sonora Mission, 19
Fashion Livery Stable. ..
62 Straube, Charles, Farm and Residence
.178
Sutter, Gen. J. A. (portrait).
39
Ford, W. B ...
166 Sherwood, Eugene, Residence
Sutter's Mill.
57
100 Springlinrst. ..
84
State House, Sau Jose, 1849 65
Frontis piece
58
Hill, Hon. W. J
SO
178 Spring Brook Farm.
154
Sau Joaquin River by Moonlight. 35
4 5
.115 | First Publie Library. . .120
95 | County Hospital
124
= Indian Missionary 99
28
Watson, S. F., Residence .. 142
Anzar, P. E. G., Rancho. .
92 Moore, G. A., Residence. .
54 | Whiteside, T. F., Ranch. 108
24 66
Hotel Del Monte. 25
Church of San Carlos ..
174 San Francisco Bay, 1769
Flint, Bixby & Co., Residence and Rauch
.. Piano and Billiard Table. 121
67
46 21
= Discovery of Gold not Believed
= Business Houses of Hollister ..
10
TABLE OF CONTENTS OF MONTEREY HISTORY.
INDEX TO THE HISTORICAL, LOCAL, AND GENERAL MATTER-CONTINUED.
65 ; San Benito County Advantages.
.179
Hollister Homestead Association ..
148
Navigable Streams .
147 | San Antonio Valley.
76 89
149
Oldost Fruit Trees.
147 Sun Antonio Mission .
Water Works ..
.149 " Monteroy County ..
95 Soil of Salinas Valley.
Societios and Churches.
112 |Salinas Valley Productions
108
Village and Fire Officers
150 Operations of Pioneer Settlers.
62
Schools of Monterey County. Report of Superintendent Shearer
101
= Business Houses
180
School District.
179
Enterprise
133
138 Salinas City Index. 106
109 108
1 History of Monterey County.
81
Pioneer Settlers and Farmers.
103
Hunting and Fishing ..
153
= Gas and Water.
Hotel del Monte. .
179
Business Directory 110
Habits and Life of Aborigines
03
Hardy Pioucers.
81
-
.. Schools and Churches.
109 15
Increase of Populution in Monterey
14.
96 = Pinos and Moss Beach.
107
Settlers Begin to Arrive ...
of Point Sal.
96
Pajuro Valley.
29
Villages.
82 . Strange Meeting on the Merced
Sweat Honse
114 Settlers Ordered to Leave California
not Easily Civilized
18 Pacific Grove Retreat
11 Scenes in the Early Courts.
17
25 Plow Used by Natives
:3 | Settlers Form a Government Settlers Organize their Forces. 30
49 55
Important Description of the Country Increased Emigratiou to California ...
38 | Pioneer Merchant
36 | Sale of the Missions.
25
Loug Valley ..
40 Scenes of Festivity and Gaiety.
Light-House at Point Pinos.
43 Specimen Proclamation
List of California Governors. Laws of Colonists.
22
Pioneers Settle in all Parts of State.
48 | Sutters' Mill Located.
Mines of San Benito.
SG
Population of the State.
71 State Lands, How Divided.
147
County, how Divided.
91
Temperature of Air and Water " Monterey. und liain-fall Table.
123
as a Port.
Rivers of Monterey County
74 82
Cypress . County Organizeil
.81, 120 82 Railroad and Water Facilities.
13
11 Renaissance of Monterey.
124
Temperature Table
Its Arca, Climate, audl Productions. . Californian.
100 Ruins of Carmelo. .
124 Thermal Belt Described.
Democrat
106 ,109
Remarkable Predictions of a Pioneer.
37 Temescal or Indian Sweat-House.
106
the Old Capital.
Rush for the Gold Mines ..
311 Taxes in Monterey County.
Becomes a City.
121 Review of the Golden Era.
60. Tassajara Hot Springs
- Former Residents
1221 Removal and Location of the Capital.
65 | Teachers' Institute of Monterey 180
First Newspaper.
Rich Men of 1793.
19 Truman, Major Ben. C., on Monterey.
124
120
Russians Settle in Sonoma County
134
= Population of Missions ... 20
. Curiosities of the Town ...
141
= Number of Missions in 1802
Poem by Mrs. Annie E. Merritt.
13,
Contrast of Missions 1834 to 1842
21
125
= Admirably Situated
137
. . Final Disposition of Missions
150
How Constructed.
144
Agricultural Productions
65
= Beautiful Pleasure Drives
126
Bell of the Church
.145
Wealth and Rise of Counties Comparative I'rice of Wheat.
Moss' Lauding ..
110
..
First Baptism and Death
.146
16
u Melancholy Picture.
146 15.ª
Threshing as Done by Russiaus,
San Antonio .. ...
16 San Justo Kancho
1.37 Unocemded Lands,
13
Meeting of First Legislature.
63
74 Votes Cast in San Benito. ... 135
Marshall's Discovery of Goldl.
57
Schools of San Benito County = Sau Juau.
139
Wind Chart Explained.
Newspapers of San Benito ... Monterey County 100
= Hollister 149 Weather ut Monterey
Changes . .
170 [ School Statistics.
.182 Words of a Pioncer .. 56
Number of Miners August, 1848
58 | Stark John, Saves Breen Family. 161 I | What Might Have Been
BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES OF PROMINENT CITIZENS.
Archer, Dr. S. M.
115 | Hodges, J. 1.
149 | Reuil, William 1. 173
Alexander, Hon. John K
127 Hill, Hon. W. . 1.
128 Raggio luigi . 175
Anzar, P. E. G .
178 Junipero, Serru.
130 Ross, Jesse. .
Bixby, Lewellyn
158 Jolinson, Henry
.169 Bujes, John. 178
Breen, Hon. J. 1
159 Ladd, 1 .. M
179 San l'edra, Mannel. 172
Breen, Patrick
.162 Land, W. C.
177 Stefani, doseph. 169
Breen, John.
162 Leigh, John W
127 Stranbe, J. C. F 173
Bolado, Joqui
165 Lym, Michael
.107 Scott, .I. B. 167
Butt, G. 1ª.
16!) Lynn. Jmmes
.167 Suto, .I. M. .
Cothran, H. W. 163
Mouru, Ii. A.
105 Towle, 12. W 164
Coruwell, James F 104
Malsbary, dob.
177 Vacho, Throwupchile, 155
England, W. W
164 Mckinnon, Dimean.
.148 Vummney, Tilmrcio.
Flint, Hon. Thomas
157 MeOnsker, Mrs. T. ('
160 Waters, C. H ..
Flint, Benjamin.
158 Mayors, llenry.
.115 Watson, Henry.
172
Green, Jolm W
Nason, Kchiminil
.1744 Wilcox, Kilwurd. 179
Harmon, Geo. N
166
Noble, William
174 Whiteside, Thomas F.
Hatoh, Ceo. W
.168 Perry, Richard.
Watson, S. l.
Hanmond, C. Y 153, 163 Pense, R. D.
170 Wood, Churlus A
11
.148 | Noted Logislatnre.
72 | San Benito Advance.
First Business Houses.
Publie Schools.
149 | Officers of San Benito County
171 Salinas Valley ..
Rain fall.
150 Old Mining Towns.
150 Oldest Odd Fellow.
29 Slades' Springs .. 101
Bauk ...
.151 Organization of the State Government.
68
15 School in Salimus City. Statistics. 103
Telegraph
73 Pioneors of San Juan ..
136
Salinas City Described.
Height of Peaks and Places
152
Laid Out
113 | Paicines Township.
125 Tres Pinos Described
38 Pacific Coast.
109
39
Point Lobos Formation. Sur Described.
81 Santa Rita Village. Shinabarger, J. J., on Newspapers. 10G
Indians about Monterey Bay First Accounts.
96, 146 | Paraiso Hot Springs.
28
97 Peach Tree Valley.
98 Population of Monterey.
IG Places of Resort.
1:5 | Settlers Released and Indemnified
32 34 14
Industries and Homes of California
36 | Pioneer Lumberman
30 Strange and Eventful Dream
Land Grants
76 80
Pioucer Toils and Privations
62
Pioneer Party of 1843-4 ..
42 Sutters' Fort Located.
15-4 Progress of Bear Flag War.
67 Scenes in the Gold Mines
61
Monterey. Resort for Invalids. a Place for Homes
87
Prices of Wheat for 13 Years.
88 Township and Officers.
85
Bay Described.
79 79
.. and Comfort .. 94 94 94 99
11
Old Custom-House Catholic Church.
123 San Juan Bautista Mission.
123 San Juan-Modern.
125 as a Military Post Mission Founded.
139
Altitude of Places
143
= C'ensus of the State
66 Superior Bathing.
Large Bath-House.
the Orchard.
145
14
the Cemetery. .
1-45 Two Important Events Timber Forests of State.
Merritt, Joseph, on Castroville
Threshing Scene of Early Days
Mission Ranches Set Apart. . San Carlos De Monterey.
San Benito Township
86 Unlimited l'ower of Alealdes
San Juan and Soledad
17 Sca Bathing at Monterey. Santa Lucia Mountains.
180 Wind Currents of the Coast.
108
120 Rapid Increase in l'opulation.
Thompson, .I. N., on Schools. ISO
First Alcalle ..
120
Table of Upper California Missions.
San Benito County Organized.
Fashionable Sea-side Resort ..
Hotel del Monte ..
Removal of County Seat
75 | San Joaquin Valley Explored
Baptism, the First. of California Missions.
38 Principal Rivers.
141 | Population Estimated in 1840
Pioneer Party Arrive 1841.
41 |Spanish Ox-cart and Mill.
34 40 56
73 Rain-fall Tables.
Rain-fall at Different l'oints ..
74
Ownership of Land.
102
Object of Missions.
179 Petition for Division of County
77 78 79
Incorporated.
82
Moss Beach
179
STATE CAPITOL BUILDING,
SACRAMENTO, CAL.
90804 .3.
HISTORY AND DESCRIPTION
->OF-
MONTEREY COUNTY, CALIFORNIA.
M
ONTEREY is replete with historical inci- dents. Nearly three hundred years ago, two priests set foot on the then unknown shore, erected a cross, improvised an altar, and with no listeners but the birds, no spectators bnt the stars, and no choral symphonies but the winds, gave sublime meaning to their Latin hymn, while their Christian zeal and ardor found ntterance in the solemn chant-Vex- illu Regis prodeunt, Fulget Crucis Myste- rium.
Then for more than one hundred and fifty years Monterey was unknown to civilized man. In June, 1779, Junipero Serra visited the long-lost and almost forgotten Monterey, and erected a cross, built an altar, and took possession of the country in the name of the King of Spain.
From that time up to 1830 Monterey was one of the largest shipping-points on the coast, and had one of the most flourish- ing mission churches. It carly became the capital of the Ter- ritory, and maintained that distinction not only after Mexico became an independent country in 1822, but also after the acquisition of California by the United States.
ORIGIN OF THE NAME.
The name is composed of the words, monte and rey, and literally means "king of forests." The harbor and country were so named in honor of Count Monterey, as well as from the beautiful forests of pine and other trees that surrounded the harbor and covered the hill-tops.
The forests of Monterey viewedl from the bay, present the most picturesqe appearance imaginable. The surrounding hills of the city, crowned with tall pines and clothed in per- petual verdure, excite in the stranger a feeling at once of sur-
prise and sympathy for the place. The native, as well as the foreign residents, are in constant admiration of it.
There is probably no place upon the Pacific coast so replete with natural charms as Monterey. Its exquisite beauty and variety of scenery is diversified with ocean, bay, lake, and streamlet, mountain, hill and valley, and groves of oak, cypress, spruce, pine and other trees. The mountain views are very beautiful, particularly the Gabilan and Santa Cruz spurs.
AREA OF THE COUNTY.
The area of Monterey is three thousand three hundred square miles, and is within a fraction of the size of the State of Connecticut, and is greater than the combined area of the States of Rhode Island and Delaware. Fully one-third of the county is mountain waste and not susceptible of cultivation, and a great portion too rough for grazing.
It possesses nearly a million acres of rich agricultural land almost unparalleled for productiveness. Until recently the greater portion of the county has been devoted to the raising of cattle and sheep and much of the best land is held by the original grantees, their assigns, or immediate descendents.
CLIMATE AND PRODUCTIONS.
There is a great diversity of soil, climate, and productions, owing to the peculiar manner in which the country is divided by mountains, hills and valleys. The territory may be regarded as divided naturally into four sections, viz : The Santa Lucia Mountains in the western portion, following the coast-line, the Great Salinas Valley, in the central portion of the county, the Gabilan Mountains, with the smaller valleys enclosed by that range in the eastern portion of the county, and the Pajaro valley in the northern portion of the county. Monterey has long been known for its equable temperature.
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