USA > California > Napa County > History of Napa and Lake Counties, California : comprising their geography, geology, topography, climatography, springs and timber, together with a full and particular record of the Mexican Grants, also separate histories of all the townships and biographical sketches > Part 24
USA > California > Lake County > History of Napa and Lake Counties, California : comprising their geography, geology, topography, climatography, springs and timber, together with a full and particular record of the Mexican Grants, also separate histories of all the townships and biographical sketches > Part 24
Note: The text from this book was generated using artificial intelligence so there may be some errors. The full pages can be found on Archive.org (link on the Part 1 page).
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35
35,000
Campbell, D.
5
5
10
10,000
Caramella, B.
2
2
2,000
Christie, A
5
1
6
6,000
Castner,-
14
9
23
23,000
Castner, Jr
14
14
14,000
Clark, S. G.
7
7
7,000
Cruey, J
9
9
9,000
Clock, A
1
1
1,000
Cole, D
12
10
22
22,000
Crane, G. B
100
100
100,000
Crabb, H. W.
200
20
20
50
290
290,000
Carr, Mrs
8
8
8,000
Cadlola, J.
18
18
18,000
Cook, C. W
5
5
5,000
Chopson, T.
4
19
23
23,000
Calderwood, A
1
12
4
17
17,000
Church, E. J
10
....
10
10
10
34
34,000
Davis, J. C
90
9
12
111
111,000
Dinning, W
35
35
35,000
Dent, J.
30
5
5
40
40,000
Downey, D.
2
20
22
22,000
Drew, Mrs. C. C
6
6
6,000
Drew, J. K.
12
20
5
37
37,000
Dowdle, Jas.
20
20
20,000
Dinsmore, Mrs. J. P
...
40
40
40,000
Davis, J. M.
10
10
10,000
Darling, O.
1
....
12
13
13,000
Edwards, D
10
3
2
15
15,000
Ewer, S.
6
....
3
65
74
74,000
Ellis, F
12
12
12,000
Ewbank, R. G.
5
..
.
6
11
22
22,000
Fuller, W. P.
2
....
Forbes, A. B.
2
....
. .
12
14
14,000
Fulton, M. A.
6
4
5
15
15,000
Fealey, M
5
4
9
9,000
. .
.
...
.. .
..
..
...
....
10
10,000
Doak, D.
4
....
..
..
...
20
20
20,000
Dwyer, Thos
1
1,000
Cook, I ..
.
. .
2
2,000
...
.
14
210
History of Napa and Lake Counties-NAPA.
NAME OF VINEYARDISTS.
Bearing.
1879.
1880.
1881.
Total Acres.
Total Vines.
Fountain, G. C
14
....
12
10
36
36,000
Field, C. J.
2
3
9
14
14,000
Field, W. A
6
4
.
10
10,000
Fealey, W.
4
4
4,000
Fealey, Thos.
5
5
5,000
Fry, J. D.
50
60
110
110,000
Farrell, T. N ..
3
...
. .
...
10
12
52
52,000
Gallitan, D. S.
10
10
10,000
Grattan, W. H.
10
10
10,000
Graham, J. M.
13
10
10
10,000
Greer, Jno.
45
12
35
92
92,000
Goodman, Jno
4
14
14
14,000
Gressot, A.
7
8
15
15,000
Hegele, C ..
15
5
20
20,000
Hackney, H. W.
4
3
7
7,000
Hanna, J.
5
...
·
.
. .
. .
9
9,000
Hewes, F. W.
5
6
11
11,000
Hapman, E ..
7
7,000
Heidhoff, A. H.
4
2
6
6,000
Hunt, D. O.
12
6
18
18,000
Harker & Son
20
60
80
80,000
Hanrahan, D.
10
15
25
25,000
Harris, H. H.
6
35
41
41,000
Holt, P.
5
10
15
15,000
Huls, J.
1
....
.
20
10
100
100,000
Inman, M. F.
1
6
7
17
17,000
Ink, T. H.
40
50
90
90,000
Jordan, W. H.
12
5
17
17,000
Johnson, J.
1}
...
5
6,250
.
. .
.
...
. .
...
5
5,000
Hudson, Mrs.
4
4
4,000
Heyman, E.
15
6
21
21,000
Hudson, M.
5
4
5
5
5,000
Heald, L. S.
.
·
. .
.
...
5
6
6,000
Hastings, S. C.
70
...
Griffith, C ..
1
1
1,000
4
4,000
Grant, J. N.
...
. ..
5
5,000
Gaique, L.
5
6
28
28,000
Gibson, Mrs. G. W.
22
.
....
...
13
13,000
Gates, Thos.
. .
...
.
Howell, J.
1
1
1,000
7
3
3,000
Gluyas, G. K.
30
.
g. H. Smithle
211
Viticulture in Napa County.
NAME OF VINEYARDISTS.
Bearing.
1879.
1880.
1881.
Total Acres.
Total Vines.
Jacot & Jaquet.
24
2
...
26
26,000
Jeanmonod, A.
3
3
3,000
Julian, H.
2
2
2,000
Kunkle, G. & S.
5
5
5,000
Kraft, F.
30
8
38
38,000
Keefe, F.
7
5
12
12,000
Krekeler, W.
30
9
15
54
54,000
Kenney, G. L.
15
15
30
30,000
Kidd, Jos.
35
35
35,000
Krug, Charles
112
5
26
10
153
153,000
Kaltenbach, M
12
Kister, J. S.
8
3
23
133
13,500
Laurent, J. .
6
14
14
34
34,000
Lyman, W. W.
32
15
47
47,000
Lemme, C ..
25
5
30
12
72
72,000
Lazarus, L.
16
16
16,000
Lewelling, J.
100
5
5
110
110,000
Lange, H.
3
11}
3
17%
17,500
Loeber, F. W
4,000
Lang, B ..
20
20
20,000
Locker, W
20
5
4
2
31
31,000
Legay,
7
7
5
19
· 19,000
Merriam, F. J
6
12
4
22
22,000
Martinelli, D
20
20
20,009
Meyer, C.
5
5
5,000
Mills, C.
5
5
5,000
Mills, Mrs.
6
6
6,000
McPike, J. M.
4
25
15
44
+4,000
Meacham, H. M.
3
8
16
27
27,000
McCord, J. H.
25
12
10
47
47,000
Mayfield, J. M
5
20
25
25,000
Mee, Geo.
7
2
2
9
20
20,000
McIntyre, J. J.
10
10
20
20,000
Musgrove, E.
22
.
...
. . .
4
4
4,000
Maguire, J. A
3
4
5
4
16
16,000
Morton, J. J
3
10
13
13,000
Newkirk, I. J.
2
34
1
37
37,000
Niebaum, G.
64
...
90
154
154,000
Nauer, W.
20
20
20,000
...
.
. .
.
.
. .
..
.
..
..
...
..
...
....
2
2
2,000
McFarling, Jas.
..
. .
22
22,000
Mitchell, S. T
4
12
12,000
212
History of Napa and Lake Counties-NAPA.
NAME OF VINEYARDISTS.
Bearing.
1879.
1880.
1881.
Total Acres.
Total Vines.
Osborn, Geo
5
...
14
3
25
25,000
Pratt, J.
10
10
6
26
26,000
Pope, A. J
12
12
12,000
Penwell, M. A.
20
....
...
...
10
10
10,000
Pellet, H. A
40
..
3
....
33
33,000
Pinkham, P.
7
2
2
..
11
11,000
Preston, A. W
12
12
12,000
Pritchard, C
15
15
15,000
Pritchard, M.
20
20
20,000
Penlington, Theo
8
7
15
30
30,000
Pierce, D
20
Payne, M
3
...
6
5
14
14,000
Pfister, W.
6
6
12
12,000
Pritchard, C.
12
12
12,000
Rampendahl, A. C.
12
12
12,000
Rampendahl, H
2
1
3
3,000
Risley, H
13
5
4
..
9
9,000
Robers, G. T.
17
....
17
17,000
Ross, W
4
4
4,000
Robson, P.
9
9,000
Ritchie, Capt
7
....
.
10
22
22,000
Rogers, T. G.
4
Roberts, M.
8
8
8,000
Rutherford, J.
18
18
18,000
Rohlwing, D. S.
11
·
...
..
.
20
20
20,000
Sinckler, H.
9
18
27
27,000
Star, E. T.
15
3
18
18,000
Sayward, J. W
26
5
5
15
25
25,000
Sparr, R. L.
3
3
12
18
18,000
Sheperdson, L. B.
3
3
3,000
Sander, L.
34
·
...
16
50
50,000
Sheean, B
6
...
....
6
6,000
Smith, O
1
...
....
....
1 1,000
.
.
·
...
. ..
...
9
7
7,000
Reimann, J.
2
.
Rutherford, D
20
20
20,000
Soberanes, Mrs
. .
3
29
29,000
Spratt, George S
. .
.
2
7
7,000
Pratt, B. H.
8
20
20,000
Pellet, J. S.
40
40,000
Peterson, W
30
...
1}
1,500
Roulet, L.
4
4,000
11
11,000
10
20
20,000
213
Viticulture in Napa County.
NAME OF VINEYARDISTS.
Bearing.
1879.
1880.
1881.
Total Acres.
Total Vines.
Storey, C. A
2
....
1
2
5
5,000
Spear, M.
1
2
1
4
4,000
Shultze, O
15
....
.
34
200
200,000
Staetzel, F
10
2
2
6
20
20,000
Simmons, E. P
12
12
12,000
Sawyier, N
9
3
6
18
18,000
Sheehan, P. R
8
8
10
26
26,000
Sutton, S ..
4
2
6
6,000
Siedenburg, G
10
10
10,000
Smith, C. P
5
10
15
15,000
Stiers, L
29
10
22
61
61,000
Stevens, J. M.
10
3
Schmidt, C.
15
5
20
20,000
Sullinger, J. C.
1
24
25
25,000
Scott, C. L. A.
16
16
16,000
Swartout, L.
4
4
4,000
Shonewald, G.
17
17
17,000
Tainter, M ..
16
4
20
20,000
Thompson, C.
20
11
10
41
41,000
Tully, L ..
25
25
25,000
Utting, Mrs.
3
...
...
· ...
....
3
3
20
20,000
Weinberger, J. C.
30
83
30
22
22,000
Waldschmidt, C.
10
10
10,000
Weiske, C ..
6
6
6,000
Weaks, W. P.
1
22
...
..
20
10
30
30,000
Williams, J. W.
12
1
13
13,000
Wood, E. R.
1
18
19
19,000
Wakefield, L. H.
...
..
26
38
38,000
Walter, Jessie.
16
16
16,000
Whitton, M. S.
11
4
7
22
22,000
Whitton, G.
14
2
1
1
18
18,000
.
...
.
. .
·
...
3
3,000
Van Fleet, T.
40
10
50
50,000
Vann, M.
54
54
54,000
West, F.
68,500
Worrell, G. B.
20
2
..
...
..
23
23,000
Wheeler, C.
30
30
30,000
Wheeler, R ..
40
40
40,000
Wade, O ..
12
·
25
25
25,000
Stecker, J.
13
13,000
Trumpler & Lenthold
12
4
16
16,000
. .
.
15
15,000
Scheffler, W
126
40
...
14
214
History of Napa and Lake Counties-NAPA.
NAME OF VINEYARDISTS.
Bearing.
1879.
1880.
1881.
Total Acres.
Total Vines.
Week, C ..
5
. .
. ..
3
8
8,000
York, E. M.
40
. ..
5
8
53
53,000
York, W. E.
17
....
8
25
25,000
York, J.
20
....
. .
7
27
27,000
Zange, E.
15
....
4
19
19,000
NAPA DISTRICT.
Ayer, M.
12
25
37
37,000
Allen, C. H.
15
15
15,000
Blanchar,
22
48
70
70,000
Bailey,
43
41
4,500
Brower, H. H. Estate of
30
30
30,000
Bush, F. W
20
20
20,000
Baley,.
12
12
12,000
Booth, C.
2
4
6
6,000
Bell, R. W
1
1
1,000
Buhman
90
90
90,000
Barth, G
115
25
140
140,000
Benkeizer,
6
6
6,000
Biggs, E.
4
4
4,000
Breckenfield,
17
17
17,000
Clark's place
3
..
4
4,000
Clayton, W
3
23
2
73
7,500
Courtney,
1
2
3
3,000
Custer,.
10
10
10,000
Carter place
20
20
20,000
Cheney, D. S
25
25
25,000
Dunn,.
15
15
15,000
Downey, .
6
..
. .
13
21
21,000
Duhig, I
4
4
4,000
Dell, C.
18
18
18,000
Deweese, G. W
3
3
3,000
Evans
3
8
8,750
Elles
25
25
25,000
Emerson
40
40
40,000
Ellis
15
15
15,000
Enos, J. D.
2
...
. ..
2
2,000
Estee, M. M
70
. . .
190
260
260,000
.
..
...
..
6
6,000
Daley, W
8
.
.
750
Callen, E.
4
215
Viticulture in Napa County.
NAME OF VINEYARDISTS.
Bearing.
1879.
1880.
1881.
Total Acres.
Total Vines.
Eggers & Co.
20
230
250
250,000
Ellsworth, M
15
15
15,000
Frost
6
13
19
19,000
Frater
10
10
10,000
Fry
35
55
90
90,000
Fairman
3
3
3,000
Flannegan
7
7
7,000
Fly, Q
2
...
...
.. .
..
10
10,000
Fay, J
18
18
18,000
Folger
5
5
5,000
Groezinger, G
150
30
180
180,000
Graves.
18
18
18,000
Gibbs.
11
45
56
56,000
German Ranch
3
Gildersleeve
13
13
13,000
Herald
5
22
27
27,000
Hopper, T.
67
67
67,000
Hopper, C., Estate of.
43
43
4,500
Hook.
11}
7
183
18,500
Hein, J.
18
11
29
29,000
Hendricks, P.
2
2
2,000
Hendricks, G.
10
6
4
20
20,000
Hole, J. P.
15
Hardman, L. W.
20
20
20,000
Harker, J. W.
12
35
47
47,000
Harris, J. R.
5
.
..
..
...
..
25
29}
29,500
James, B.
17
17
17,000
Jackson, J. P.
23
23
23,000
Jensen, M.
16
5
21
21,000
Klam.
1
9
93
9,500
Kenworthy, Dr.
5
5
5,000
Kneif
12
12
12,000
Long.
16
16
16,000
Leach, Dr.
15
...
...
35
50
50,000
Lennon
5
...
. .
. ...
5
5,000
Leonard
2
...
....
....
2
2,000
...
...
.. .
.
. .
..
.
..
..
..
5
5,000
Hagan, H.
70
50
120
120,000
Herkle, H.
20
20
20,000
Johnson
42
...
.
..
2
2,000
Foster
3
3
3,000
Folger.
10
3
3,000
.
15
15,000
216
History of Napa and Lake Counties-NAPA.
NAME OF VINEYARDISTS.
Bearing.
1879.
1880.
1881.
Total Acres.
Total Vines.
McClure, T. B.
25
6
2
33
33,000
McClure, J. S.
36
.
..
4
8
18
18,000
Maher.
4
4
8
8,000
Miscellaneous.
5
11
16
16,000
Meredith.
15
Mount, J. P.
20
20
20,000
Moser, C.
10
10
10,000
Miller, J. F.
35
5
40
40,000
Manyino, G.
20
10
30
30,000
Mansfield, J. M.
10
10
10,000
Marshall, J. L.
18
..
163
162
16,500
Newell, Dr.
3
40
40
40,000
Parsons,
3}
33 3,500
Pettengill, Dr. J. A.
16
8
24
24,000
Poke, Miss
10
1
11
11,000
Rawling,
6
6
6,000
Reed,
17
13
30
30,000
Rose, M.
1
1
1,000
Reed, Wm.
11}
. .
..
..
..
. ..
...
23
23
2,750
Salamini,
9
9
9,000
Schelander,
4
4
4,000
Sneed,
25
25
25,000
Sackett, K.
7
7
7,000
Stanley,.
20
20
20,000
Squibb, D.
6
4
.
.
4
4,000
Sharp, Wm.
25
...
25
25,000
Simonton,
40
107
147
147,000
Trubody,
3
10
13
13,000
Volz, ..
9
13
22
22,000
Van Auken, A
4
4
4,000
Woodward
6
10
16
16,000
Withers, M
250
Ward, J. T.
50
....
. . .
50
50,000
.
:
. .
..
...
. .
. .
..
.
..
..
..
....
...
63
63,000
Roney, S
23
7
30
30,000
Roeder,
3
3
3,000
Ryan,
11}
11,500
Robinson, C.
60
3
18
18,000
Naur,
3
3,000
Porter,
..
36
36,000
Munson .
6
. .
..
15
15,000
..
. .
6
6,000
Swain, C. A.
1
. .
217
Viticulture in Napa County.
NAME OF VINEYARDISTS.
Bearing.
1879.
1880.
1881.
Total Acres.
Total Vines.
Wilcox
12
43
2
8
8,000
Yount.
4
6
10
10,000
Brownlee, R.
29
27,400
Moore, R.
...
ʻ
. .
1
800
Thompson, S.
30
25,000
Lightner Col.
29
20,400
Buckley, Mrs. C. M. A
25₺
17,450
Coombs, Wm.
6
5,000
Insane Asylum
6
4,000
Stuart, J. B.
31}
35,200
Green, L ..
29
27,700
Penny, John®
15
11,200
Murphy, Chas
31
21,000
Parsons, John
. .
...
...
29
17,000
Carboni, Antonio
20
13,000
Grigsby, Terrell
200
100
80
100
380
380,000
Sundry persons.
200
200
200,000
SUMMARY.
Bearing.
1879.
1880.
1881.
Total Acres. Total Vines.
Calistoga District
2774
197}
655
1,123₴ 1,129,750
St. Helena District.
2,819₴
163 1,253} 2,363
6,595} 6,595,250
Napa District.
1,771}
34
1,645₴
3,324 3,305,950
Grand Total
4,868}
163 1,485
4,6632 11,043 11,030,950
...
...
...
...
·
. .
. . .
...
. .
..
Below we give a table showing the name of owner, and amount of wine manufactured in 1880. We would suggest to the different wine-growers' associations in the county, the propriety of securing all statistics that it is possible to collect from year to year, and preserving them in the minutes of their meetings. We are sorry that our table is incomplete in any respect, but we assure our readers that we exerted ourselves to the utmost, spending a great amount of time in gathering this information. We were unable to find some of the gentlemen at home, or to see them at all. Others had no records, hence could give us only estimates, while one cellarman refused to impart any information whatever. Being a foreigner, we were unable to make him understand what we wished. With this single exception, we have found the wine producers of Napa County most courteous indeed, and ready to impart all information possible, and to encourage our enterprise to the extent of their ability, for all of which they may be sure we feel deeply
218
History of Napa and Lake Counties-NAPA.
thankful, and trust that they may find that we have given the subject of wine production a thorough review :
STATISTICS OF WINE CELLARS IN NAPA COUNTY.
Name of Owner
Amount made in 1880.
Name of Owner.
Amount made in 1880.
Berringer Bros.
145,000
Leuthold
11,000
Beretta Bros
5,000
Medeau, J. J. H.
12,000
Brun & Chaix.
115,000
McEachran, C. T.
3,500
Barth, G.
120,000
McCord, J. W
49,000
Crabb, H. W.
300,000
Migliavacca, G
65,000
Crochat, G. & Co
35,000
Pellet, H. A.
25,000
Corthay, L.
2,000
Pettengill, Dr
5,000
Degouy, N ..
58,000
Reed, Wm
14,000
Debanne & Bresard.
36,000
Rosenbaum, F. H.
5,000
Dorr, L. (Grigsby cellar) ..
65,000
Rossi, A.
10,000
Folger
10,000
Schram, J
20,000
Fountain, G. C.
18,000
Scheffler, Wm
250,000
Gila Bros.
45,000
Schultze, O
10,500
Gaique, T. A.
52,650
Sciaroni, F
10,000
Græzinger, G
275,000
Schranz, A.
60,000
Heyman, E
19,000
Salmini, F
20,000
Hagan, H.
35,000
Simonton, J. W
25,000
Haug, G ..
1,000
Semorile, B.
15,000
Jeanmonod, A
25,000
Tossetti, B. 20,000
Knief, J.
2,500
Thomann, J. 100,000
Kortum, L.
38,000
Van Bever & Co. 200,000
Krug, Charles.
280,000
Weinberger, J. C.
75,000
Krug & Smith
76,000
Wegele, C ..
10,500
Kaltenbach, M.
400
Woodward, E. W
4,700
Laurent, J.
60,000
Lemme, C ..
13,000
Total product for 1880, 2,857,250
WINE CELLARS .- We will now give a short descriptive sketch of the individual wine cellars in Napa County. At Calistoga there are two cellars.
L. Kortum's Cellar .- This is located in the town of Calistoga and is doing a very good business, on a small scale, having made in 1880, thirty- eight thousand gallons of wine, which is pronounced by judges to be a first-class article.
J. J. H. Medeau .- Also located at Calistoga, and is a small cellar, making only twelve thousand gallons in 1880.
Lyman, W. W
4,000
Weaks, W. P.
1,500
219
Viticulture in Napa County.
Alta Vineyard Cellar .- Is located in the foothills south of Calistoga, and is the property of Mr. C. T. McEachran. He erected it in 1878 and it is built of stone, and 18 x 24 feet in size, having a capacity of eight thou- sand gallons. He has made a total of nine thousand five hundred gallons, and his wine is of a most excellent quality. It is disposed of readily at good figures by retail.
Jacob Schram's Cellar .- " Schramsberg" vineyard and cellar are located only a short distance to the westward of the last named. The first cellar was a tunnel into the side of the hill, twenty feet wide and one hundred and twenty feet deep, having a capacity of twenty thousand gallons. In 1881, Mr. Schram began the construction of a new cellar, which is to have a frontage of one hundred and twenty-six feet. On each front corner there is to be a tower with a twenty-five foot frontage, thirty-six feet high and a projection of fifteen feet. Between the towers the frontage will be seventy- five feet and the width of the main body of the cellar will be forty feet. The site for this cellar is excavated from the solid rock or lava. There will be a solid wall on the four sides, as the lava is not suitable to join the front walls upon. From the main cellar four tunnels will extend into the hill for a distance of seventy-five feet or more. There will be a distillery on the hill just back of the cellar and the upper or work room will be reached from this level also. Mr. Schram takes great pride in his wine, produces an excellent quality, which always commands a high price.
W. W. Lyman's Cellar .- Is situated about three miles north of St. Helena, on the road to Calistoga. F. E. Kellogg planted the first vines on the place in 1855. Mr. Lyman erected the cellar in 1871, and it is made of concrete. It is 30x50 in size, two stories high, and has a capacity of from thirty thousand to forty thousand gallons.
F. H. Rosenbaum's Cellar .- This is situated near St. Helena, and is a small affair.
John C. Weinberger's Cellar .- Is large and commodious and equal in con- venience to any in the valley, and can readily convert all his grapes, of which he has thirty-five acres, into fine wines. The cellar was built of red lava rock in 1876, and the capacity to store is one hundred and fifty thous- and gallons. One story under ground for storing wine. Second story for crushing grapes and fermenting house. The building is supplied with fresh spring water from the mountains. Notwithstanding all these facilities for wine-making, he has given much time and thought to the subject of making grape syrup, a new branch of industry first introduced by him in 1876. He made in that year one thousand five hundred gallons, and in the year following two thousand gallons. The soil of the vineyard is chiefly of de- composed lava-rock, black and white soil, the latter containing magnesia, all of which, it is said, produces the finest qualities of wine.
220
History of Napa and Lake Counties-NAPA.
J. Laurent's Cellar .- Is located about one and a half miles north of St. Helena, and was erected in 1879. It is a stone structure 60x100 feet in size, two stories high, and has a capacity of two hundred thousand gallons. This is certainly one of the finest cellars in Napa County, and Mr. Laurent de- serves great credit for his enterprise. He makes from forty to sixty thousand gallons of wine annually.
Charles Krug's Cellar .- Mr. Krug manufactures, among other brands of wines, Claret, Angelica, Sherry, Madeira, Sweet Tokay, Riesling, Moun- tain, etc. The amount of wine made in 1880 was two hundred and eighty thousand gallons. Besides the wines mentioned there was distilled into brandy in the same year a large number of gallons. These wines have a wide reputation at home and abroad, and are sold extensively all over the West as well as in the East, and some in Germany and England. There is a branch establishment in St. Louis, Missouri, which is used as a distrib- uting point. In 1875 Mr. Krug went East, and spent considerable time in introducing Napa wines and preparing for their proper shipment. During his absence he closely observed everything of interest to the wine men, which he has freely communicated for their guidance and benefit.
He has the largest wine cellar in the county, with a capacity of three hundred and fifty thousand gallons. It is, from outside to outside, 90x104 feet, the middle or main building being two stories. The upper room, 44x 100 feet in the clear, is the press-room or general manufacturing depart- ment. Immediately under this room is one 42x100 feet, with all the modern apparatus for keeping an even temperature for fermenting wines. The next room, 21x100 feet, contains the distillery and stores of new wine. The next room, 21x100 feet, is used for storing the old wines. This cellar is perfect in all its arrangements for the proper handling and storing of wines, and shows careful thought in its construction, and it is a credit to the intelligence and enterprise of the proprietor. Grapes by the load are run up the stairs on a truck, and the capacious maws of the two sieves chaw them off the stems by the car-load every few minutes, while the juice pours out below at the rate of six thousand gallons per day.
Mr. Krug manufactures some of the best brandy made in the State. Everything about this vast establishment denotes tidiness, order and con- venience, which are three of the best elements of success in wine-making. The most fastidious person need never fear of getting impure or adulterated wines from this establishment, as everything is done with the utmost care and neatness. The whole form bespeaks order and business thrift. The grounds about the residence and cellar are laid out in smooth hard drives, which extend in various directions out into the vineyards. The fine large oaks and other trees surrounding the place, give a charm to the scene, es- pecially as you pass through it on the cars, while on either side the vines
L.A.Milleres
221
Viticulture in Napa County.
come close up to the railroad track, displaying their tempting purple clusters.
Mr. Krug tells us some reasons why Napa wines are superior to foreign. This climate is perfect; the grape ripens fully every year. There are no early frosts, as in France and Germany, to hasten the picking. Our vineyardists manage the picking and pressing of the grapes, and the earlier fermentation of the wine, more clearly, intelligently and skillfully than in Europe. Also, the whole after process is a great improvement. Better casks are used and the cellars here are almost always above ground, owing to the evenness of the temperature ; and are clearer and sweeter, and the whole treatment is better. For those reasons especially, Mr. Krug's wines have acquired a reputation second to none in California.
Berringer Brothers' Cellar .- Berringer Bros.' fine vineyard and property is one of those beautiful building spots in which the valley abounds, and was formerly well known as the "Hudson Place," and was purchased in 1875 from William Daegner by its present owners, Messrs. J. Berringer (for- merly the well-known and popular foreman of Charles Krug's wine cellar) and his brother, F. Berringer, of No. 40 Whitehall street, New York City. The whole place consists of ninety-seven acres hill and valley land, and embraces twenty-eight acres of vineyard, most of which were foreign vines, the remainder having since been grafted into Riesling and Chasselas.
On the place is the large old-fashioned building, for so many years the home of the pioneer, David Hudson. There is also a good orchard, as well as a large number of orange, lime and lemon trees. They have also graded the county road in front, drained off the mountain water that ran down the hill in the rear, and made many minor improvements.
From articles in the St. Helena Star we condense the following descrip- tion of their large and substantial wine-cellar :
The wine-cellar of Berringer Brothers is the most handsomely finished of any in the valley, and for solidity of build and completeness of appoint- ments can have no superior anywhere. Its whole size is 40 x 104 feet, and its walls are stone, handsomely cut, with the monogram of the owners, " B. B.," neatly cut in the keystone. The building is of three stories; there are no partitions, and each story forms but a single room, with no divisions but the rows of stanchions that traverse the length of the building. The ground floor is of cement and has a slight pitch for drainage. The second floor is built like a ship's deck, regularly caulked and water-tight. It is laid entirely of 3 x 3 stuff, cut so as to leave the edge of the grain up, and thereby prevent splintering. It has also water-tight base-boards, so that it could, if necessary, be filled with water to a depth of several inches. The third story is where the crushing is carried on, the cellar standing against the hill-side and a road leading around the back, so that wagons can unload
222
History of Napa and Lake Counties-NAPA.
their grapes upon the third story. Eight hatchways provide openings for conducting the juice into tanks below.
The cellar itself is built against this hillside, so that at the back the ground rises to the height of the first floor, and still rapidly inclining up- wards. Through the back wall is pierced one archway, pointing straight into the hillside, and already entering about seventy feet in, and about seventeen feet in width. This is used as a store-room for the better class of wines.
The location is in the hillside back of the dwelling, where the ascent is steep enough to leave at the rear only five feet of the wall exposed. This arrangement is for the purpose of unloading wagons of grapes into the third story, where the crushers are found.
A roadway has been graded around through the place, leaving the county-road at one side, and entering it at the other, and describing in its course along the hillside a semi-circle that passes along the front of the cellar, while a " side-track " goes around past the rear of the same, and thus affords the facilities for the unloading referred to above.
The corner-stone was laid in the presence of scores of citizens who had assembled to do honor to the event. The center of attraction was the stone itself, neatly chiseled out by Baillie, and appropriately inscribed "B. B. 1877," and containing various excavations for the deposits that were to be made therein. These consisted of copies of the "Star," and many cards of per- sons attending. Professor Smith deposited a photograph. Aug. Tonolla, the popular landlord, a Hungarian bank-note; and Charles Krug a twenty- dollar gold coin. Bottles of native wine and champagne were also interred here for future generations to resurrect and sample. After short speeches, Dr. Michell baptised the stone with champagne until the cover was lowered to its place.
Several quite extensive improvements were made in 1881. The grapes are crushed with a Heald's patent machine, driven by steam.
Beretta Brothers' Cellar .- Is located on the road from St. Helena to the brewery, and is a wooden structure 48 x 28 in size, with a capacity of fifteen thousand gallons. They began business in 1879, just north of their present place, where they made small quantities of wine from year to year.
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