USA > Colorado > History of the State of Colorado, Volume IV > Part 16
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The first house in the town was built by Meflhenny and Wilson in September. 1878, a small frame building, which embraced a store and primitive post office. As the population augmented, a system of water works was constructed, schools and churches sprang up and the usual accessories followed. The town site, consisting of 320 acres, was laid out and platted by W. H. Holmes, and patented by the govern- ment, December 8th, 1879. The first officers elected February 12th, 1879. were: Mayor, J. J. Smith; recorder, G. B. McAnlay; trustees, Frank S. Roff, Walter B. Jeness, Mark W. Atkins, and Samuel Baeden.
Banks and Bankers .- Stebbins, Post & Co. established a bank in February, 1880, with J. V. Jillich as cashier. The Custer County Bank. F. A. Raynolds and F. W. Dewalt, proprietors, with Fred S. Hartzell, cashier, was opened for business in November, 1878. H. A. McIntire purchased the fixtures of the oid Boyd and Stuart bank at Rosita, and reopened a bank in that place. McIntire was succeeded by Raynolds and Dewalt, under the name of the Merchants' and Miners' Bank. They sold to Paul J. Sours.
Newspapers. - In September, 1874, Charles Baker of Colorado Springs started the Weckh Rosita "Index," with Ben Lane Posey of Mobile, Alabama, as editor. Baker sold in 1879 to Charles F. Johnson, who changed the name of the paper to the Sierra "Journal." The Silver Cliff "Prospect" began as a weekly. May 5th, 1870, and, a month later, came out as a daily. The "Republican" started April Ist, 1880, Dr. G. W. B. Lewis, manager: the Mining "Gazette," November 13th, 1880, C. E. Hunter and H. W. Comstock, editors.
In 1882, the Daily "Herald" was established by Will C. Ferrit. Charles W. Bony and S. B. Coates. It ran the greater part of that year and then suspended. W. L. Stevens began the publication of the "Miner," at Silver Cliff in 1878. At this time (1800) there are only two papers published in the county. These are the Wet Mountain "Tribune," published by Alex HI. Lacy, at Rosita, and the Silver Cliff "Rustler," edited by W. J. Orange, at the county seat.
Churches .- Occasional religions services were held in Ula and Rosita prior to the rise of Silver Cliff, by a Methodist missionary named Stokes. A Methodist church was organized at Rosita in 1874. Rev. W. L. Smith, pastor, the only one
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to survive the changes of time. The Episcopalians, Presbyterians and Roman Catholics also held services in that town in its better days. From 1879 to 1883. the Catholics, the Episcopalians, the Methodists, the Presbyterians and the Seventh Day Adventists built church edifices in Silver Cliff. The Episcopalians erected the first house of worship, with Rev. A. C. Drummond as pastor. Then followed the Presbyterian, the Methodist, the Catholic and the Seventh Day Adventists.
Masonic and Odd Fellows orders, Knights of Pythias, Patrons of Husbandry, United Workmen and other secret societies were organized and had large member- ships. The town had a fine volunteer fire department, which was awarded a prize for quick and effective work in 1885. It has a good school, as have also Rosita and Silver Cliff. It now contains a population of about 800, and among its citizens are the Jlon. Ilosca Townsend, who was a member of Congress from Colorado for two terms, and John T. MeNeely, an influential politician and lawyer. Hon. Charles Hartzell, Judge A. J. Rising and Oney Carstarphen (the latter was surveyor general under Cleveland's first administration), who now reside in Denver, were for several years, citizens of Silver Cliff.
Wl'est Cliff, located one and one-half miles from Silver Cliff, was established about 1885, and owed its inception and growth to the Denver and Rio Grande railroad. It has a population of about 500. The two towns, Silver Cliff and West Cliff, being so near each other, are practically one, and work together for their mutual interests.
Schools. - The county was divided into twenty school districts, and there were some 1,400 children of school age; 1,100 enrolled, with an average attendance of 600. W. R. Fowler was the first county superintendent, from 1870 to 1872. The first public school, taught in what is now Custer county, was presided over by Miss Louisa V. Virden, in 1871-72, in a log cabin located in Wet Mountain valley, about four miles southwest of the present town site of Silver Cliff. Every district in the county is well provided with means for the support of the public schools, and the people take a lively interest in their welfare. The Denver and Rio Grande rail- road company completed its branch line from Canon City to West Cliff in May. 1881. This stimulated all local interests, but the road was a source of vast ex- pense to the company, by reason of the frequent washouts which interrupted traffic and cost great sams for repairs. The storm which occurred August 13th, 1889. entirely destroyed about five miles of the railroad, and the company, becoming discouraged, abandoned it altogether, removing the rails in 1890.
Custer, like a few other counties in the state, has had two controversies over the county seat question, one of which was extremely bitter and engendered at the time much disorder.
The rival towns in this contest were Rosita and Silver Cliff. The first election occurred in 1882, when Silver Cliff received a majority of all the votes cast. A portion of the records was taken to that town, and some of the county officials located there, but it was claimed by the people of Rosita that it required a majority of two thirds of the votes to change the county seat. The supreme court of the state decided in favor of Rosita. The contest was renewed in 1886, when Silver Cliff became the permanent seat of government.
The withdrawal of all railroad facilities by the D. & R. G. Co. greatly retarded the prosperity of the county, but this has resulted in some respects to the benefit of the agriculturalists and cattle raisers. While the railroad was in operation this class of citizens purchased their corn, hay and oats in Denver and elsewhere, and paid for having them shipped in. Now they raise these commodities at home, and feed their cattle and stock the products of their farms. They have also, now, a home market, wherein better and more speedy returns are obtained. The popula- tion of the county is composed of men who possess much of the bravery and in- domitable will that characterized the great soklier for whom it was named. The
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early scttlers were largely composed of thrifty Germans, sturdy Englishmen and thorough-going Yankees. Such men as these, although they may meet with ad- versities that may be felt by all, yet, when they are united in feeling as they now are, and act in harmony toward the advancement of the common interests, their section of the state can not long remain in the background.
In conclusion we may say that the present outlook for Custer county is good, and constantly improving. The mines of precious metals which have been de- veloped and worked for years, the still larger and richer fields of gold and silver to be discovered in the future, thie almost exhaustless fecundity of the soil, and the vast area of nutritious grazing lands, constitute advantages that will speedily stimulate the building of another railroad and attract numbers of speculators and capitalists.
DELTA COUNTY.
AREA, POPULATION, BOUNDARIES, ETC .- THE BEAUTIFUL TOWN OF DELTA-DESCRIP- TION OF A GREAT HORTICULTURAL, AGRICULTURAL AND STOCK-GROWING REGION -FIRST SETTLERS-RESOURCES AND PROGRESS.
The county of Delta was segregated from Gunnison by an act of the General Assembly, February 11th, 1883. Its area is 1,150 square miles, and its population in 1890 was 2,534. Its county seat and principal town of the same name is eligibly situated upon the broad and fertile delta at the junction of the Gunnison and Un- compahgre rivers, whence its name. The county is bounded on the north and west by Mesa, east by Gunnison, and south by Montrose. The Gunnison, Uncompahgre, Rio Escalante, Robadoux, Smith's Fork, Forked Tongue, Currant, Dominguez, Surface and Leroux creeks and the North Fork of the Gunnison are the principal streams. Agriculture, horticulture and stock growing are the chief industries. Other well known but smaller points in the county are Adams, Pamonie and Hotchkiss.
Delta, formerly known as Uncompahgre, was laid off by the Uncompahgre Town company, April 6th, 1882, by George A. Crawford, president. The patent was issued June 9th, 1886, to A. R. King, mayor of the town, in trust for the occu- pants. As described by a local journalist, it is situated in a basin surrounded on three sides by high mountains, and open to the southwest. "To the south is the Uncompahgre range, whose peaks are covered with snow the year round. The Elk range lies to the east some forty miles distant. These two ranges are the highest and most rugged in Colorado. To the north is the Grand Mesa, to the west and southwest lies the Uncompahgre plateau. These configurations of the county undoubtedly exert marked influence on the climate, making the winters warm and the summers cool." The landscape view of the mountains and its lovely valleys along the streams mentioned above are magnificent. Delta, the capital, is the largest settlement in the county, the center of an exceedingly rich and productive farming and fruit growing region. The valleys of the Gunnison and Uncompahgre are from two to five miles wide, and back of these is the first mesa or table-land, thirty to fifty feet high. The county is liberally timbered, the streams fringed with in- digenous cottonwoods. The rivers traverse the central parts of the valleys, the better farms being located on either side. The slopes of the mountains are covered with yellow pine, much of it suitable for fine lumber. "There is a belt of timber be- ginning near Ouray and running parallel with and on the west side of the U'ncom-
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pahgre and Gunnison to Utalı, which is fifty to sixty miles long, by five to twenty in width, that furnishes lumber equal to the best Chicago or Milwaukee products. The better lands lie in the valleys of the Gunnison, Uncompahgre and North Fork rivers, and the cultivated portions are irrigated by canals taken from these streams. Bordering the valleys are elevated mesas, known as California, Rogers, Gomet and Cushman, all well adapted to wheat, oats, rye, barley and alfalfa. Some re- markable crops are produced upon these rich table-lands, and they are also useful for pasturing horses, eattle and sheep. Some of the more favorably situated tracts will eventually be turned into farms and orchards. Cushman Mesa, south of the Uncompahgre, is 15 miles long by five in breadth, much of it covered by claims watered by eanals. Says the Grand Junction "News:" "As early as 1885 nearly 100 ranch locations had been made on Rogers Mesa, between Leroux creek and the North Fork. During 1885 many substantial houses were built in Delta, sup- planting the primitive structures of logs and adobes. Nearly every farmer has an orchard. Samuel Wade, Enos Hotchkiss, Mr. Hanover on the Uncompahgre and Mr. Coburn of the North Fork, H. B. Kennedy and others were among the earlier fruit growers."
The station of the Denver & Rio Grande R. R. is half a mile or so west of the principal town, an extremely pretty situation with a brisk, prosperous and comfort- able aspect, as if the better class of people lived there, were proud of their progress and especially of their success in horticulture, which indeed has been almost phe- nomenal. The season of 1891 was particularly favorable, for all the trees of bear- ing age were literally loaded with delicious fruit. The new Methodist church is a fine structure, as also the public high school. As a matter of fact the schools of Delta are of a high standard of excellence. The place is encircled by fine orchards, grain and alfalfa fields of luxuriant growth. The fruit raneh of Mr. G. B. MeGrana- han is one of the finest in the state, set in peach, apple, pear, cherry and plum trees, with vineyards of the Coneord, Niagara and Warden varieties, from which fourteen to sixteen tons of grapes were marketed in 1891. Next to Mesa, Delta is the largest producer of fruit on the western slope.
From notes taken from Gov. George A. Crawford's diary, of October Ist, 1881, it appears that Anderson, Stevens, M. C. Vandeventer and himself then agreed upon and selected a site for the town of Delta. The survey of the town site was begun by Samuel Wade of Lake City for Crawford and his associates, December 24th, 1881. Early in January, 1882, Crawford being at Delta received a letter from Hon. J. B. Belford, our Representative in Congress, stating that a post office had been established at Delta ahead of Grand Junction. The bridge over the Gunnison river was finished in May, 1882. The elevation of the town is 4.980 feet above the level of the sea. In September, 1881, the site of 500 acres first selected was duly sur- veyed and platted. Governor Crawford was chosen president and general manager, Harvey A. Bailey, assistant manager, and M. C. Vandeventer, secretary, of the Town company. These, together with D. C. Dodge, W. A. Bell and R. F. Weit- brec, were the directors. The streets crossing at right angles are broad and well shaded. All of the recently ereeted buildings are of modern architecture, and of neat and attractive appearance. In 1882 the first town officers were chosen as follows: Mayor, M. C. Vandeventer; clerk, A. C. Butler; trustees, J. N. Daniels, Geo. B. McGranahan, John Kohnle and Geo. W. Donley; marshal, Harrington ; treas-
urer, W. H. Crotser.
In 1800 a system of water works was built at a cost of $17,000. The water is pumped from Gunnison river to an elevated tank on the mesa, whence it is dis- tributed. A volunteer fire department was thereafter organized. In 1886 a frame county building was erected at a cost of $4.000. In 1884 a fine brick school house was built, and L. C. Aley made principal thereof. The Presbyterians, Baptists and Methodists have church buildings. The latter are now using their first church as
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a parsonage, and at this writing are preparing to build a much finer edifice for worship. The Catholic society is organized, but as yet has no church. The Delta Social club, established in November, 1890, with J. A. Curtis, president, has well furnished rooms and a membership of thirty-five.
Newspapers .- The Delta "Chief" was founded March 7th, 1883, by Robert D. Blair. Later the Delta County "Advertiser" was established by Charles W. Russell. At length the Delta Publishing company absorbed both these papers, and named it the "Independent," with Charles G. Downing, editor. November 22nd, 1887, Harry Wilson and J. H. Woodgate purchased the journal. Finally after several other changes Mr. J. A. Curtis became proprietor and still conducts it. The "Laborer" was founded in the fall of 1890 by R. J. Coffey and C. M. Snyder, the former editor, the latter publisher.
The Masons, Odd Fellows and Grangers have organizations in the town.
Banks .- The Delta County Bank was started by H. A. Bailey and T. B. Craw- ford. February 5th, 1887, it was purchased by T. H. McGranahan, E. L. Kellogg and A. R. King, with the gentleman first named as president: J. E. McClure, vice- president, and E. L. Kellogg, cashier. It was incorporated in July, 1889, with a capital stock of $30,000. R. Bigelow & Sons also transact some banking business.
The present town officials are: Mayor, Walter Scott; treasurer, I. McMurray; trustees, J. C. Gale, A. R. Howard, A. C. Butler, P. Mundry, J. Jeffers and F. P. Shields ; clerk, A. Wishart.
The first county officers were: Commissioners, Samuel Wade, chairman, Enos Hotchkiss, A. E. Kirkbride; clerk and recorder. E. L. Kellogg: sheriff, Charles L. Andrews; treasurer, T. H. McGranahan ; county judge, W. A. MeDougal; surveyor, Wm. L. Marcy; assessor, Daniel J. McCormick; superintendent of schools, George H. Merchant; coroner, W. O. Stephens.
An adobe building owned by Mr. J. J. Barker was rented by the commissioners for county offices. July 3rd, 1883, A. R. King was appointed county attorney, and precincts for election purposes were established, judges appointed, etc. The officers elected in November, 1883, were: Commissioners, E. H. Capron, John B. Hart and David Stephens: sheriff, Ben S. Gheen; clerk and recorder, E. L. Kellogg; county judge, A. R. King; treasurer, T. H. McGranahan; surveyor, W. L. Marcy; super- intendent of schools, George H. Merchant; assessor, George H. Duke; coroner, Robert Breese.
After the removal of the Ute Indians from this region in September, 1881, stock growers, realizing the great advantage of the valleys and mesas for their pur- poses, came in considerable numbers and occupied the land, not alone with Texas stock, but with fine breeding cattle of imported blood. The broad, well grassed and abundantly watered ranges afforded exceptional facilities for the advancement of this pursuit. The south side of Grand Mesa, the elevated slopes of the North Fork valley, Smith's Fork and Muddy district were almost immediately taken up. The growth of the business has been large and profitable. In the horticultural sections, all the small fruits are produced in lavish abundance. On the top of Grand Mesa are many small natural lakes that abound with fish. Many canals or irrigating ditches have been taken out of the Gunnison, Uncompahgre and their tributaries-Leroux creek, Forked Tongue and Surface creeks, Smith's Fork, the Muddy and others, nearly all the result of home capital and labor. These ditches cost from $1.000 to $10,000 each.
Delta. Mesa. Montrose and Garfield counties were a part of the old U'te Reser- vation. It is, as we have seen, diversified by mountains, valleys, superb streams and table-lands. Delta shares with Mesa the sublime spectacle of the Grand Mesa in the northwest. No county produces a greater variety of superior landscapes than Delta. The mesas comprise the greater part of the county. The soil is rich and. under irrigation, yields grand harvests. It is already famous for its fruits and
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vegetables. All the domestic grasses, alfalfa, timothy, blue top, clover, Hungarian, millet, etc., do well by irrigation. Potatoes, corn, melons, wheat, oats and barley are equally prolific. Dairy farming is quite an extensive industry.
The small town of Bridgeport is situated near the Mesa county line and between that place and Delta are Dominguez, Robadoux and Escalante stations. "The river Robadoux takes its name from Antoine Robadoux," says one of the Delta journalists, "a Frenchman who traded with the Utes many years ago, a brother of Joe Robadoux, the founder of the St. Joseph Mission."
East of Delta are the great coal mines and measures of Gunnison, and north those of Mesa, which have been mentioned in the history of those counties. Though not largely populated as yet, the ground work has been laid for a progressive future in Delta county. The advantages of soil, climate, broad expanses of admirable lands, the numerous waterways, and the productiveness of the country all combine to make it an attractive point for settlement. It is scarcely more than eight years old, but in that period much has been accomplished. The settlers have demonstrated the capabilities of the soil for agriculture and horticulture, and know what it will produce. Great herds of cattle graze and are fattened upon her expansive plateaus.
By the school census of 1890, there were 775 of school age, 15 school districts, and 19 school buildings, with 696 sittings. The value of this property was $16,500. In the high school 21 were enrolled; 145 in the graded and 388 in the ungraded. The average attendance was 300. Five teachers were employed in the graded schools and 19 in the ungraded. Mr. P. M. Condit is the principal at Delta.
Mark the growth of property values in this county of only 2,534 inhabitants. The assessed valuation in 1883 was $450,964.82. There has been a steady and quite remarkable advance year by year until in 1890 it reached a total of $991,538. In the list returned for taxation are 66,647 acres of agricultural land, 3,169 horses, 86 mules and 15,541 cattle, the latter indicating the extent to which the grazing lands are occupied.
The officers of the county for 1800-91 were: Commissioners, Robert B. Hamilton, Henry Teachout and N. M. Heistand; sheriff, W. S. Girardet; clerk and recorder, Adam Wishart: treasurer, Amos R. Howard; county judge, G. W. Henry; surveyor, J. A. Curtis: assessor, F. R. Burritt; superintendent of schools, P. M. Condit; coroner, Dr. H. K. Brasted; clerk of the district court, Arthur H. Brown.
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DOLORES COUNTY.
EXPLORERS OF 1831-32-OLD HUNTERS AND TRAPPERS-THE BAKER EXPEDITION OF 1860-EXTENT OF PRIMARY INVESTIGATIONS-PROSPECTORS OF 1866-DISCOVERY OF MINES-EXPLORATIONS OF 1870-72-FIRST RUDE SMELTER-HAYDEN'S GEO- LOGICAL SURVEY OF 1874-75-EARLY SETTLERS-THE TOWN SITE OF RICO-ORIGIN OF ITS NAME-INDIAN DISTURBANCES-FRIGHT OF THE PEOPLE-PERMANENT SETTLEMENT -SOME GREAT MINES- LOCAL INSTITUTIONS-COAL AND OTHER RESOURCES.
Dolores county was taken from the southwestern part of Ouray by an act of the General Assembly approved February 19th, 1881, and the county seat located at Rico. It is bounded on the north by San Miguel, south by Montezuma, east by San Juan, and west by the Territory of Utah. Its area is 1,000 square miles, and by the census of 1890 it contained a population of 1,498. In compiling its annals, elaborate data collected by Mr. A. M. Rogers, and published in the Rico "News," has been followed by the author, because Mr. Rogers has been there since 1877, and was one of the committee which formerly organized and named Rico. Ex- cepting the early Spanish explorers, probably the first white men who ever visited the valley of the Rio Dolores were a party in the employ of the St. Louis Fur com- pany, led by William G. Walton, commonly known as "Commodore" Walton, who in 1878-79 was a resident of Ophir, from whom Mr. Rogers obtained the details of his expedition. This party, consisting of about sixty men, left St. Louis in the spring of 1831, and during the first year reached Taos, New Mexico. From thence they crossed to the headwaters of the San Juan river and trapped beaver and other fur-bearing animals along that stream and its tributaries during the fur season of 1832. They then headed northward and spent the summer of 1833 in the valley of the Rio Dolores, and at Trout Lake, where in 1879 the venerable Commodore pointed out their camping place to Mr. Rogers. The ancient axe marks on the trees were mute but eloquent reminiscences. In the fall of 1833. the party con- tinted their journey northward, to what destination is not stated. However, it is not important as they made no settlement, and, like scores of others of those and later years, simply pursued the object of their mission-fur gathering. The next white men of whom we have any authentic account, who penetrated this region, were detached prospecting outfits from the Baker party, as already related in the history of La Plata county. This party spent the winter of 1860-61 where Rockwood now stands, and in the spring of 1861, some of them under Lieutenant Howard, and among whom was the late L. H. Randall, well known to many citizens of Rico, came up the Hermosa and crossed over the range into Scotch creek gulch, and followed down this stream to the Dolores river, which they prospected in a desultory manner as far down as the mouth of the west Dolores, when the party divided, a part going up the West Fork, and part returning to the headwaters of the east Dolores. Crossing over to Trout lake they camped there several days, and finally
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crossed the range by an Indian trail to the head of South Mineral, which they followed down to Baker's Park, where the main party were working. L. H. Randall, who furnishes the information, was one of this party. Lieutenant Howard, for whom Howard's Fork and also Howardsville were named, accompanied the party, which went up the west Dolores and Fish creek and struck the Navajo trail, followed across to Naturita and down to the Rio San Miguel, which they followed up to the South Fork, and thence up that stream to the intersection of Lake Fork, and then up Howard's Fork and over the Ophir Pass, or Lookout Mountain, and down to Baker's Park, relieving the party there of great anxiety, for they feared they had been taken in by the Indians.
In 1866, Col. Nash, and a party among whom, we believe, were the fathers of our former townsmen, C. T. and J. G. McClain and D. L. Rattik, who is at present a resident, came up from Arizona, crossing the San Juan river near the mouth of McElmo Cañon, and, following up on the west side of the Sierra El Late mountains, struck the Santa Fe and Salt Lake trail at the big bend of the Dolores, where the party divided, part following the trail westward to the Sierra La Sal mountains and the Grand river, and part marching up the Rio Dolores, and crossing to Trout Lake; followed down that outlet and the San Miguel river to the Dolores, thence to the Grand and up that river and the Gunnison, and thence via the old Indian trail to the settlements on the eastern side of the range. In 1869, Sheldon Shafer and Joe Fearheiler left Santa Fe headed for Montana. They came via what is now known as Nolan's place, on the San Juan river, taking the Indian trail to Mitchell's Springs in Montezuma valley and Lost Cañon, which they followed down to the Dolores river, and up to where the town of Rico now stands. Both were experi- enced prospectors, and had brought a large amount of provisions, tents and other necessary supplies. Their experienced eyes caught at a glance the promising in- dications for rich mineral, and decided to camp with them. They built a cabin on Silver creek near where the South Park mine now is, and began systematic pros- pecting. Their first location embraced what is now a part of the Shamrock, Smuggler and Riverside lodes of the Atlantic Cable group, running parallel with the river. This claim they called the Pioneer, and the date of location was in the latter part of July, 1869. They soon afterward discovered several claims on the hill northeast of the present town of Rico, among them the Phoenix, which they named the "Nigger Baby," on account of the large amount of black oxide of manganese found in the outcropping, and by them mistaken for sulphuret of silver. From that early mining location the famous Nigger Baby Hill derived its name. They also located what is now the Yellow Jacket, the Amazon, the Pelican and the Electric Light mines. Late in the fall of 1869, they erected a cabin about where the rear end of the lot occupied by the Rico State Bank now is, and worked on the Pioneer lode all winter, sinking a shaft somewhere near the old dumps of the Shamrock. The winter of 1869-70 was remarkable for the light fall of snow, but extremely cold weather, which froze a casing to their shaft and enabled them to sink much deeper, without being inconvenienced by water and by carbonic acid gas, than they could have done had there been more snow and less frost.
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