USA > Connecticut > Hartford County > Windsor > The history of ancient Windsor, Connecticut > Part 19
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Sept. 6. "Sgt. Joseph Wadsworth of Hartford, and John Grant of Windsor, were ordered to take twenty men each and pass up to Westfield and Springfield which were threatened. The following is a copy of their instructions:
"To John Grant
In His Majesty's name you are required to take under your conduct those dragoons now present, and lead them forth up to Springfield, there to assist against the common enemy, and there to continue till you receive farther orders from the council here, or are called forth to the army by Maj. Treat, or some of the chief commanders of our army. Also, in case you hear that any of our plantations are assaulted by the enemy, you are forthwith to post away to relieve the place or plantation as- saulted; and in case you should be assaulted in the way, you are to use your endeavor to defend yourself and destroy the enemy.
198
HISTORY OF ANCIENT WINDSOR.
This signed pr. the Secretary."
These troops returned home in a few days by order of the council.
Sept. 28. Two hundred bushels of wheat were ordered for the supply of the army, ground and baked into biscuit. Windsor was to furnish 50 pounds.
The Springfield Indians, who had hitherto been considered friendly to the English, now treacherously received some 300 of Philip's Indians into their fort, intending to attack and burn the town which was a mile distant. The plot was fortunately dis- closed by one Toto, a friendly Indian at Windsor, on the even- ing preceding the expected attack, and expresses were immedi- ately sent to Springfield, and to Major Treat at Westfield, to warn them of the danger. The Springfield people however were incredulous, and suffered a surprise. They were only saved from utter destruction by the timely arrival of the Con- necticut forces under Treat, who had promptly marched from Westfield to their relief, on receipt of the message from Wind- sor.
This was bringing the war pretty close home, and the council at Hartford, at its session of Oct. 5,
"Upon occasion of the dangerous and destructive assault of the enemy so near as Springfield, which may increase their insolency to attempt upon our towns suddenly " - " saw cause " to order the immediate preparation in each town of places for defence, to which women and children might repair for refuge, upon any alarm. They also ordered " that the inhabitants of Windsor, Hartford and Wethersfield - do forthwith set them- selves in their several quarters to join together to gather in their Indian corn, and to bring it and their English corn on the east side of the Great River, into places of best security in their respective towns." All persons were ordered to lend every assistance in their power, and the magistrates were authorized to impress men and teams, " this being a time for all private interest to be laid aside to preserve the public good." (Col. Rec.)
Nov. 4. " It is also ordered, that at Windsor, the town being so scattered as it is, it is difficult to maintain and keep a military watch, do recommend it to the military officers of that town to continue a double walking watch, as hath been formerly attended there since these present troubles have broke forth." (Col. Rec.)
About this time, the commissioners of the United Colonies becoming convinced that the Narragansetts, were deeply impli-
199
THE SWAMP FIGHT.
cated in the designs of Philip, in direct violation of their treaty of peace; resolved to attack them at their own headquarters in Narragansett country. The season indeed was both difficult and hazardous for such an expedition; as they expressed it, "It was a humbling providence of God, that put his poor people to be meditating a matter of war at such a season." They wisely judged, however, that it was better to strike one bold blow at the enemy while in winter quarters, than to delay until the spring, when they would be scattered in different parts of the country. Accordingly a force of 1000 men was raised for a winter campaign, under command of Josiah Winslow, Governor of Plymouth Colony. Of this force Connecticut furnished 300 men, together with 150 Indian allies -- all of whom were divid- ed into five companies, commanded by Capts. Seely, Gallup, Mason, Watts, and Marshall, of Windsor. Major, afterwards Governor, Treat commanded the Connecticut troops. They ar- rived at Pettyquamscott, on the 17th of December, and after a night of exposure, formed a junction with the Massachusetts and Plymouth troops. After another night spent in the open fields, exposed to all the severity of the weather, they com- menced, at daybreak, their march to meet the enemy, some fifteen miles distant. The Massachusetts troops led the van, those of Plymouth came next, and the Connecticut forces brought up the rear. Wading through the deep snows, they pressed gallantly on, without food or rest, until about one o'clock, when they came in sight of the enemy, who were en- trenched within a fort upon an eminence in the centre of a large swamp. This fort was well defended with palisadoes and a high thick set hedge, and its only feasible entrance was a fallen tree or log, protected in front by a log house, and on the left by a flanker. Without waiting to form, the Massachusetts troops dashed forward over the tree, and although they succeed- ed in effecting an entrance, were met with such a furious fire from the enemy that they were obliged to retire with a fearful loss. At this juncture the Connecticut troops came pouring in over the tree, and a small party at the same moment stormed the rear of the fort, which turned the tide of battle. After a few moments of desperate hand to hand fighting, the centre of
200
HISTORY OF ANCIENT WINDSOR.
the fort was gained, the torch was applied to the frail and combustible wigwams, and the fate of the Narragansetts was sealed. Amid the shrieks of women and children, rattling of musketry, yells of despairing warriors and exultant cheers of the English, their lamp of life went out, and the dense column of smoke which rose from the smouldering ashes of their homes, was all that was left of some 4000 once brave and happy souls,
It was a glorious victory for the English, but it brought sor- row as well as safety to their homes. Six captains and 80 soldiers were killed or mortally wounded, and 150 wounded, Nor was this all. Two days of exposure and fatigue, and three hours of hard fighting were followed by a distressing night march of some eighteen miles to headquarters, through storm and sleet and deep snows, bearing with them their dead and wounded. The next morning the snow was exceedingly deep, and the cold intense, so that the jaded and frost-bitten army could scarcely move. Four hundred troops were unfit for duty. The Connecticut troops had suffered more in proportion to their numbers, than those of the other colonies. Capts. Marshall, Seely and Gallup " died in the bed of honor," while Mason was so badly wounded that he died within a year after. "The fire of the enemy," says Trumbull, "was dreadful, when the Con- necticut men were entering, and after they first entered the fort, until the men who came in upon the backs of them, began to fire their large muskets, loaded with pistol bullets, upon the enemy, where they stood together in the closest manner. This at once disconcerted them, and checked their fire in that quarter."
Windsor had her full share of glory as well as of sorrow in this eventful battle. On the town books the Recorder has entered the following:
"Here I set down the Deaths of several persons who went against the Indians and were wounded that they died. It was on the 19th of December, 1675." Capt. Samuel Marshall, 1 Nath1 Pond, Ebenezer Dibble, Richard Saxton,
Edward Chapman.
1 Trumbull says, "Marshall was killed as he ascended the tree before the log house." Fourteen are mentioned as killed and wounded in his com- pany.
201
KING PHILLIP'S WAR.
John Fitch was also wounded so that he died after his return home. 1
In the State Archives is a petition dated May, 1735, signed by eleven persons, who believe themselves to be the sole sur- vivors of the Swamp Fight, praying for a grant of land for their services .? We find among them the names of Josiah Gil- let and James Enos, probably of Windsor. 3
And this is all that can be ascertained, at this day, concern- ing the names and exploits of those who represented our town in this hotly contested and important battle.
The Connecticut troops had suffered so severely that they were withdrawn from active service, but the Massachusetts and Plymouth forces kept the field for the greater part of the season, actively engaged in pursuing and harrassing the enemy, who on their part were neither inactive nor relenting. But to re- turn to affairs at home.
December 28. The council " thought meet to order and com- mand that those that continue on the east side of the River in the plantations of Hartford, Windsor, and Wethersfield, do forth- with repair into good and sufficient garrisons, in such manner for numbers as that in an ordinary course of God's Providence, , they may be able to defend themselves; and that their grain of all sorts be brought into the towns or secured in some garrison on that side, and that they kill and secure all their swine that are fit to be killed; and that they keep no arms nor ammunition but in garrison houses, except what they carry about with them; and that they keep and maintain good and sufficient watches by night, and wards by day, for their own defence and security, or else send scouts to range the woods by day, to discover the approach of an enemy."
Again in February 1675-6, as Indians seemed to be hovering around, the council warned the inhabitants on the east side of the river to convey all their corn and provisions over to the towns on the west side. In case they did not, they were to establish them- selves and bring all their cattle, hay, &c., into garrisons, and
1 Probate Records. He left his estate to the town as a school fund. See Chapter on Schools.
2 Labelled War, vol. I.
3 Simon Chapman, Eliakim Marshall, Thomas Elgar and Peletiah Griswold, who are on the list are also Windsor names, but whether of Windsor we are not certain.
26
202
ANCIENT HISTORY OF WINDSOR.
not go abroad singly. or unarmed. Garrisons of six men each, at least, and well fortified, were ordered to be kept at Nath'l Bissell's (Scantic); Thomas Burnham's (Podunk); Mr. John Crane's, at Nabuck (Glastenbury), and at Mr. Wyllys's farm.
In the month of March, the towns of Northampton and Springfield, Chelmsford, Groton, Sudbury and Marlborough in Massachusetts, and Warwick and Providence in Rhode Island, were attacked, and some of them destroyed by the Indians, and the Connecticut settlers felt that at any moment they might hear the warwhoop sounding at their own doors. Therefore the council (March 16) issued the following stringent orders:
" In regard of the present troubles that are upon us, and the heathen still continuing their hostility against the English, and assaulting the plantations, to prevent their designs against us, it is ordered, that the watch in the several plantations, about an hour at least before day, in each day, do call up the several inhabitants in each plantation within their respective wards, who are forthwith upon their call by the watch, to rise and arm themselves, and forthwith to march to their several quarters they are appointed to in their [wards] and elsewhere, there to stand upon their guard to defend the town against any assault of the enemy, until sun be half an hour high in the morning, and then the warders are to take their places; and two scouts in each end of every town are to be sent forth on horseback, to scout ' the woods to discover the approach of the enemy, and to con- tinue on the scout, going so far into the woods as they may return the same day to give an account of what they shall dis- cover; and the scouts are to take direction from the chief military officer residing in their respective towns, how and which way they shall pass to make their discovery."
March 25th, "Capt. Newberry was appointed to improve the soldiers of Windsor, in scouting the woods, and was permitted to appoint some of them to assist Capt. Clark in the remove of the desolate widdow to Windsor, provided they do not stay out above one night."
Also " upon a petition from sundry persons in Windsor, that they might have liberty to cut wood near their town, during this present war," the council ordered the authorities there to select such places as they might take wood from.
The burning of Simsbury on March 26th, 16,76, caused much alarm at Windsor. The settlers of Simsbury were mostly na- tives of Windsor, where they were now living, having removed thither for safety, by previous order of the council. So near an
203
KING PHILIP'S WAR.
attack, and the destruction of the houses and goods of their friends and neighbors who were dwelling with them, must have vividly brought to the minds of the Windsor people, the immi- nent danger to which they were themselves exposed. For- tunately these apprehensions were not realized, and the war never again approached so near the homes of Windsor. It was, however, by no means at an end. Repeated successes of the Indians filled the hearts of the whites with despair, and Massa- chusetts at one time seemed in a fair way to be utterly depopu- lated. The tide soon changed. Captain Dennison and three others of Connecticut organized several volunteer companies, and with the help of a large number of friendly Indians, commenced a guerilla warfare, taking the field alternately by companies, with admirable success. In less than four months they had made ten or twelve expeditions, killed or captured 230 Indians, taken 50 muskets, and 160 bushels of corn, and completely cleared the country of the astonished and flying red-skins.
On the 19th of May, Capt. Turner, with 150 choice soldiers, surprised and routed a large encampment of Indians, above the falls now known by his name. The news was received the next day at Hartford, with a request for immediate aid. Capt. Benjamin Newberry of Windsor was dispatched up the river with eighty-one men, thirty-two of whom were his townsmen. On reaching Westfield he was induced by the earnest solicita- tion of the inhabitants (whose garrison had been weakened by the recent engagement) to leave three men who were willing to remain. Arriving at Northampton, he found the people there anxious to march against the enemy. He himself thought it advisable, and writes to the council at Hartford "it will be for great advantage to be so doing as soon as may be." Three hundred Indians were at Quabaug, and he offers, if the council will send Maj. Treat with his forces, or if they would dispatch only fifty or sixty men, to attack the enemy; and the men, he says, "would rather be in action than in garrison; little is likely to be got by garrisoning, whatever may be saved." If the council should not see fit to comply with his request, he asks whether he had not better undertake the enterprise with his own force, and such as he could pick up thereabouts, for he
204
HISTORY OF ANCIENT WINDSOR.
thinks the affair should not be delayed. He further suggests " whether it may not do well that Samuel Cross, 1 and those dogs he hath, may not be advantageous to the present motion, to be sent up," probably with a view of employing them to track and hunt the Indians.
In the beginning of June, Maj. Talcott took the field with a large force of English and Indians, and spent that and the suc- ceeding month in scouring the country, engaging the enemy wherever he came upon them, and gaining several very decided and important successes. In August, King Philip himself was killed near his old horne at Mount Hope, where he had returned, as it were, in despair and desperation, to die. With him died also the hopes of the Indian tribes. His only son, "the last of the family of Massasoit," was sold as a slave and transported to the Bermudas. The once powerful Narragansetts were a " lost tribe." The sword, fire, famine and sickness had . swept them from the earth.
And the war, while it had given safety, and opened a wide door for immigration and improvement, had still been most dis- astrous to the whites. "Twelve or thirteen towns were de- stroyed; the disbursements and losses equaled in value half a million of dollars; an enormous sum for the few of that day. More than six hundred men, chiefly young men, the flower of the country, of whom any mother might be proud, perished in the field. As many as six hundred houses were burned. Of the able bodied men in the colony, one in twenty had fallen; and one family in twenty had been burnt out. There was scarcely a family from which death had not selected a victim."
While this was true of Massachusetts and Plymouth, Con- necticut had suffered comparatively little. Her towns had escaped the ravages of the enemy, and her slain were but few. The Indians within her borders were not only friendly, but aided her in the field. And she had the glorious privilege of repeat- edly assisting her confederates, and of "rescuing whole towns and parties when in the most imminent danger." Yet all this was only accomplished at great risk and expense. Besides
1 Samuel Cross was of Windsor.
205
A DEED OF CHARITY.
guarding her own towns and frontiers, she had sent into the field a larger force, in proportion to her population, than any other colony, and for three years after the commencement of the war, the inhabitants paid 11 pence on the pound, upon the grand list, exclusive of all town and parish taxes."
And when the Protestant Irish generously sent a contribution to relieve the necessities of the suffering New England colonies, Connecticut relinquished her share to the more distressed colo- nies of Massachusetts and Plymouth. Nor was this. all, but they even sent a voluntary contribution out of their own little store to their " brethren in distress in our neighboring colonies."
The Record of Windsor's share in this work of mercy, as pre- served by Matthew Grant, 1 forms an appropriate finale to this chapter.
" This is the account of what persons gave to the voluntary contribution made for the poor in want in other colonies upon motion sent to this colony of Connecticut. It was done June 11, '76.
4)
S
d
Mr. T. Allyn, . 0
6
6 Gabriel Cornish, . . . . 0
1 3
Benedict Alvord, 0
1
0 Nathaniel Cook, Jr,
Jeremy Alvord, 0 1
3
and sister,. 0
1 3
Edward Adams, 0 0 7 Eliakim Cook, Jr., 0
Job Drake, Sen'r, 0
5 6
John Bissell, Jr., 0
5
0
Jacob Drake, 0
8
0
Thomas Bissell, 1 0 0 Job Drake, Jr.,. 0
3
0
Samuel Bissell, 0
4 0 John Drake, Jr., 0
3
9
Nathaniel Bissell, 1
0
0 Job, his brother, 0
1
3
John Brooks, 0 1 0
Lydia, his sister, 0
0 6
Benjamin Bartlett, . 0 1 0 Israel Dewey, 0
4 0
Nicholas Buckland, . . 0
2 6 his wife,.
0
4
0
Samuel Baker, 0
1 3 0 Peter Brown, 0
John Denslow's wife, flax,. 0
0
9
Sara Buell, silver, . . .
0
1
0
Josias Ellsworth, . .. 0
3 0
6 Wid. Egelston, cloth, 0
4
0
Ephraim Bancroft, .
0
1
6 Thomas Egelston, . .. 0
2
6
William Buell, 0
1
3 James Egelston, 0
1
6
Mr. Chauncey, 1 0
0 Walter Fyler, 0
8
0
Widow Chapman, 0 10 6 John Fyler, 0
2
6
Samuel Cross 0
2 6 Zurob'l Fyler, . 0
1
3
Nathaniel Cook, 0 1 10 Samuel Forward, 0
1 3
Capt. Clark, 0
5 0 William Filley, 0
0 7
James Cornish,. 0
5
0 Samuel Filley, 0
5 0
Joseph Birge, 0
3
0 Thomas Dibble, sen'r, 0
1 3
Thomas Barber, . 0
1
9
7
Josias Barber, . 0
2
6 Abram Dibble, 0
2 6
John Bissell, 0 2 0
S
d
1 Old Church Record.
2
206
HISTORY OF ANCIENT WINDSOR.
£ S
d
£ sd
John Filley, 0
2
6 George Phelps, 0 4 6
Jonathan Gillet, Senr. 0 4
6 Humphrey Pinne,. 0
2 0
Nathan Gillet, . 0
2
6 Sara Pinne, ... 0
1 3
Cornelius Gillet,. . .
0
2
6 John Porter, Senr., . .
0
10 0 9
Joseph Griswold, .. .
0
2
6 Jolin Porter, Jr.,. 0
3
0
Jonathan Gillet, Jr., . 0
2 3
2
6 Timothy Phelps, 0
3
6
John Gillet,. 0
1
3 Thomas Puell, 0
4
0
Mathew Grant, silver, 0 3
0
Wm. Phelps, 0
9
0
Tahan Grant, . 0
8
0 Good-wife Palmer, . .. 0
2 10
John Grant,. 0
2
6 Timothy Palmer, .... 0
2
6
Walter Gaylord, 0
2
6 Humphrey Prior, .... 0
2
6
his wife in cloth, 0
6
3 John Pettibone's wife, 0
0
6
his son Eliazer, Flax, 0 1
6 Abra'm Randall, 0
2
6
John Gaylord, Senr., . 0
2
6 Thomas Rowly, 0
1
3
John Gaylord, Jr., . .. 0
3
0 James Rising, .. 0
5
0
Nathaniel Gaylord,. . 0
2
0 John Rising, 0
1
6
Hanna Rising,. 0
1
3
wife,
6 Samuel Rockwell, 0
2
0
Jacob Gibbs, 0
2
0 John Strong, 0 11
0
Samuel Gibbs, 0
3
0 Return Strong,. 0
5
0
Robert Hayward, . .
0
5
0 Thomas Stoughton, .. 0
2
6
Timothy Hall,. 0
2
6 Hanna Shadock,. . . . 0
1
3
Andrew Hillier, 0
2
6 Joseph Skinner,. . . .
0
2
9
Ephraim Howard,. 0
2
6 Nicholas Senchion, .. 0
2
6
Hanna Higly, 0
1
3 John Saxton,. ..
0
1
3
Jolin Hosford, 0
1
6 George Sanders,. 0
1
3
John Hoskins, 0
1
0 Stephen Taylor, Senr, 0
5
0
John Loomis, 0
6
0 Stephen Taylor, Jr., . . 0
4
0
Daniel Loomis, 0
1
0 Samuel Tudor,. 0
4
0
Thomas Loomis, . 0
2
6 William Thrall, 0
2
6
Joseph Loomis, Jr., .
0
1
3 Juda Trumbull, 0
1
6
John London, 0
2
6 Hanna Trumbull, 0
1
6
his wife,. 0
0
9 Richard Vore,. 0
1
3
Deacon Moore, 0
6
6 Mr. Wolcott, 0 10
0
John Moore, Jr. 0
4
0 Mr. H. Wolcott, Jr 0
5
0
John Moses, . 0
5
6 Samuel Wolcott, 0
5
0
Simon Mills, 0
2
6 Robert Watson, . 0
S
0
Mary Maudsly, 0
7
6 David Winchell, 0
2
6
Mary Marshall 0
8
6 Nicholas Wilton, 0
1
8
Mrs. Newberry 0
2
6 John Williams, . 0
4
0
John Owen, .. 0
1
0 John Renard, . 0
2
6
Samuel Osborn, 0
1
3 Samuel Wilson. 0
1
3
0
2
6 Geo. Phillips, bacon, . 0
2
1
0
George Griswold, 0
9 James Porter, 0
2
6
Josias Gillet, 0
Samuel Grant, 0
5
0 Joseph Phelps, 0
5
0
Joseph Griswold's 0
2
and in money, 0
5
9 Owen Tudor, 0
6
7
Nathaniel Loomis, 0
5
0 Timothy Thrall 0
2
6
Nicholas Godard, . . .
6 Nathaniel Porter, 0
207
CLOSE OF KING PHILIP'S WAR.
This generous contribution of Windsor was, by the following special order of the court, appropriated to relieve the wants of the Simsbury people, and others whose property had been de- stroyed, and who were in circumstances of much destitution.
July 10th. "The council, being informed that through the good hand of God upon us, our people of this colony have bountifully, according to their ability, afforded some supply for our brethren in distress in our neighboring colonies, have thought meet to desire that our brethren of Windsor would im- prove what they have gathered of the good people there, to supply those in want that are removed by reason of the rage [of the] enemy into their town; and that the remainder of it be distributed among the people of Springfield in distress, and those upper towns, according to the good discretion of Deacon Jolın Moore, John Loomis, Jonathan Gillet, Senr., and Jacob Drake."
As far as can be ascertained, only one person was killed by the Indians during the war, within the present limits of Wind- sor.
Henry Denslow had purchased, in 1662, a tract of land on both sides of Kettle Brook, including nearly the whole of the present town of Windsor Locks. He settled on this purchase about one-half or three-quarters of a mile south of the brook, and his was probably the only family in that part of the town until after Philip's war. Daniel Hayden was his nearest neigh - bor, at the distance of nearly two miles. When the war broke out he removed his family into the centre of the town, but being a courageous man he ventured alone, as tradition informs us, to cultivate his lands. Hc was killed, however, in the summer of 1676, by the same wandering party of Indians who burnt Simsbury, and who afterwards confessed their crime at Hart- ford.
A Mr. Elmor was also killed about the same time, near Po- dunk, in the present town of South Windsor.
Edward Bartlett of Windsor, was killed at Westfield, Mass. 1
1 His will in the probate office at Hartford, is dated February 24, 1676.
CHAPTER XI.
ECCLESIASTICAL AND CIVIL HISTORY.
EXTRACTS FROM TOWN ACTS.
1685-1729.
1685. " At a town meeting, June 23, 1685. It was voted that the town would have a Patent according to charter taken out from the Governor and Company, of the township of Windsor.
Also Captain Newberry, Capt. Clarke, Henry Wolcott, Thomas Bissell and George Griswold were chosen to take out the afore- said Patent in their names from the Governor and Company in behalf of the town:"
This Patent will be found in the Appendix.
1686. At a town meeting, " also the Town voted that Mr. John Wolcott shall be paid for the horse block he set up, at the ferry; also that the townsmen shall set up a good horse block at the meeting house on town account."
1690, Feb'y 2. " It was voted that Sargt George Griswold and Ens" Joseph Griswold shall have liberty to make a mill dam across the river at the upper end of the meadow at Poquon- nuck - provided they build a good grist-mill for the use of the town within 3 years time, and keep the same in good repairs; and that they shall have liberty to build a sawmill at the same place as long as they keep the gristmill in good repair. Always provided that in case said Griswolds fail to build the gristmill within 3 years as before said, then this grant is to return to the town."
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