USA > Connecticut > Hartford County > Windsor > The history of ancient Windsor, Connecticut > Part 31
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The campaign in 1756 opened brilliantly under the command of Lord Loudon and Gen. Abercrombie. A fine army, including 7000 Provincials, was early in the field, anxious to be led against Crown Point, but its leaders were dilatory.1 Time was wasted, and after a somewhat indecisive success by Col. Bradstreet, and the inexcusable surrender of Oswego to the French, by which they obtained command of Lakes Ontario and Erie, and the surrounding country, the campaign ingloriously terminated.
Capt. BENJAMIN ALLYN was in commission this year, in the Crown Point expedition.
MEDINA FITCH (Ell.) was first lieutenant in 7th company, 2nd regiment.
MOSES GRISWOLD was first licut. in 1st Regiment.
DANIEL BROWN (Wby) died at Albany in September.
SAMUEL BELCHER, died in war, as it is supposed, near Crown Point, 1756.
1 A parade was held in Windsor for "enlisting men for Crown Point expedi- tion " on 10th April. (Olcott MSS.)
Abner Prior,
Jona" Pinney, Corp1,
Joseph Moore, Jr.,
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THIE FRENCH WAR.
ITHAMAR BINGHAM (Ell.) was appointed commissary (March, 1756) of the hospital, in this expedition.
Extensive preparations were made by Great Britain for the campaign of 1757, and early in July a powerful fleet under Admiral Holbourn, with 6000 regular troops under Gen. Hopson, arrived in Halifax. Here they were joined by Lord Loudon with 6000 provincials, eager to be led against Crown Point. But again they were disappointed. Lord London preferred to attack Louisburg, and much to their chagrin they were obliged to submit. So dilatory, however, was his lordship, that, before they were ready to sail, Louisburg was reinforced by the arrival of a large fleet, and the project was abandoned. Loudon re- turned leisurely to New York.
But Montcalm, the French general, was by no means so pusillanimons and inactive as his English opponent. First surprising and defeating a detachment of 400 near Ticonderoga, he pushed on and invested Fort William Henry, which was well fortified and garrisoned by 3000 men. After only six days' siege, during which it made a brave defence, it capitulated to the French. Gen. Webb, who was occupying Fort Edward, only 14 miles distant, and might easily have relieved his braver compatriots, not only failed to do so, but sent a letter to Col. Monroe, advising him to surrender. The British were allowed to march out with arms, baggage and one cannon. But the French and Indians, contrary to stipulations, plundered them of their baggage, killed the Indians in their service, and chased the unfortunate English themselves nearly to Fort Edward, where they arrived in a most piteous plight. This seems the more unaccountable when we consider that the English had arms in their hands. After it was all over, Gen. Webb alarmed the colonies, and put them to the useless expense of sending on further reinforcements to the north. Albany was threatened, the people were alarmed, and the colonies sent on large numbers of troops. Connecticut alone furnished 5000 men within a few days. 1
1 SAMUEL ALLEN (son of Joseph and Mary, of E. W.) was among the few who escaped.
When running through the woods, with nothing but his breeches on, he
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HISTORY OF ANCIENT WINDSOR.
Windsor was by no means behind her sister towns in respond- ing to the call. The following document serves to give us an idea of the urgency of the occasion.1
" To Benoni Olcott, Clerk of ye 3rd Company or Trainband in Windsor, greeting: Whereas I've Recd special orders from Lieut. Colonel Geo. Wyllis, Lieut. Col. of ye first Regiment of yee Colony of Connecticutt to muster my Company for a speedy march to fort Edward for the relief and succor of ye King's gar- rison and subjects there ; These are therefore to require you, forthwith to notify all under my Command that they appear complete in their arms at landlord Porter's tomorrow morning at 6 o'clock for ye attending to ye business above sd as they will answer their neglect at ye peril of ye Law. Fail not of thy writ to make Return to my Lieutenant.
Dated at Windsor ye 12th day of August A. D. 1757.
EBENEZER GRANT, Capt, for 3d Company. P. S. If we march it will be on horse."
Of the Windsor men who responded to the Fort Wm. Henry alarm, the same month, we have found but three names, viz: Lt. DAVID PHELPS of West Windsor, and SAMUEL STOUGHTON and . AMMI TRUMBLE of East Windsor. 2
Thus ended this year's campaign, as a British historian remarks, " to the eternal disgrace of those who then commanded the armies and directed the councils of Great Britain."
The year 1758 opened hopefully for the cause of Great Britain. The reverses and losses of the three previous years, were so evidently the result of incapacity and bad management, as to demand a change of ministers and policy, in order to retrieve the waning fortunes of the British arms. A new cabinet was formed, and the genius of Pitt and the sound sense and integ-
was caught by an Indian who sprang from behind a tree and seized him by the back of his neck. He turned suddenly upon the Indian and brought his knee forcibly against the pit of his stomach, and brought him to the ground and despatched him by jumping both feet upon his breast.
He ran in this situation for a while, then meeting a man Mr. Allen said to him : " I can not run so, do for God sake give me your jacket," which he had the kindness to do.
He then proceeded to Fort Edward. Mr. Allen carried the marks made by the Indian's finger nails upon his neck to his grave. (MSS. of Mr. Henry W. Allen of Warehouse Point, Ct.)
1 Olcott family MSS. (South Windsor).
2 MSS. Archives of the State.
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THE FRENCH WAR.
rity of his coadjutors gave renewed hope of better days. New measures were proposed, a new spirit was infused into every department of the service at home and abroad. Louisburg was to be reduced, Crown Point and Fort Du Quesne were to be the main points of attack in the coming campaign. The colonies were in ecstacies, their darling projects were at last about to be realized, and when his majesty's letter, composed with the matchless art of Pitt, was received, requesting their loyal aid and support and the raising of 20,000 men, the whole country was in a fever of loyal joy. Connecticut immediately pro- ceeded to raise 5000, more than she could well afford, yet it was done not only cheerfully but with enthusiasm. They were to be divided into four regiments, each with its colonel and chaplain; the already large bounty offered for enlistment in previous years, was increased, and everywhere the work of enrollment went briskly on. Meanwhile across the broad ocean was sailing a noble fleet under Admiral Boscawen, bearing 10,000 troops, commanded by " the circumspect Lord Amherst," and the scarcely less skillful Gen. Wolfe. On the 2d day of June that fleet lay before the battlements of Louisburg, and on the 8th the English landed through a rolling surf which upset and broke their boats, and in the very teeth of bristling ramparts and a perfect hailstorm of artillery, drove the French from their bat- teries and invested the city. For nearly two months the siege went on, but not until the city was a heap of ruins, not until their finest ships were burned and their batteries disabled, did the brave French surrender. With Louisburg, fell Cape Breton and Prince Edward's Island. Wolf returned home to meet the commendations of his sovereign, bearing with him the praises of New England, whose great heart was overflowing with joy and gratulation.
Dr. ELIHU TUDOR (E. W.), MARK FILLEY and his elder brother (E. W.), were engaged in this expedition.
While this was being enacted, the colonies were actively pushing forward their preparations for their long cherished attempt on Crown Point.
"On the banks of Lake George 9024 provincials, from New England, New York and New Jersey, assembled. There were
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HISTORY OF ANCIENT WINDSOR.
the 600 New England rangers, dressed like woodmen, armed with a firelock and a hatchet ; under their right arm a powder. horn; a leather bag for bullets at their waist ; and to each offi- cer a pocket-compass as a guide in the forests. There was Stark, of New Hampshire, now promoted to be a captain. There was the generous, open-hearted Israel Putnam, a Connec- ticut major, leaving his good farm, around which his own hands had helped build the walls; of a gentle disposition, brave, inca- pable of disguise, fond of glorying, sincere, and artless. There were the chaplains, who preached to the regiments of citizen soldiers a renewal of the days when Moses with the rod of God in his hand sent Joshua against Amalek. By the side of the provincials rose the tents of the regular army, 6367 in number; of the whole force Abercrombie was commander-in-chief ; yet it was the gallant spirit of Howe that infused ardor and confi- dence into every bosom."1
On the 5th day of July, the whole army of more than 15,000 men, embarked at daybreak on Lake George in 900 small boats and 136 whale boats, together with artillery on rafts, and " the fleet, bright with banners and cheered with martial music, moved in stately procession down the beautiful lake, beaming with hope and pride, though with no witness but the wilder- ness." Early the next morning, they landed at the northern end of the lake, and forming in four columns, began their march to Ticonderoga. But after two miles had been passed, they came in the depths of the wilderness upon a large body of French. The struggle was sharp and resulted successfully to the English, but they lost their bravest man, Lord Howe himself, " the idol of the army;" and grief-stricken and dispirited the army en- camped on the battle field which it had so dearly won.
The next morning, Abercrombie returned to his landing place, and sent ont an engineer to reconnoitre the French works. The engineer reported that they were of flimsy construction, but the better practiced eye of Stark and the New England woodsmen decided otherwise. Abercrombie, however, heeded only the advice of "his Rehoboam counsellors," and gave orders for storming the French position. But they had an enemy who was wary, cool, and prepared at every point. Again and again, through the hours of a sweltering hot July day, the brave grenadiers and active provincials charged upon those rude
1 Bancroft, vol. iv, 299.
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THE FRENCH WAR.
ramparts only to be mown down and hurled back by the steady and resistless fire of the enemy. At last, near sunset, they fled promiscuously from the field, leaving 1944 killed and wounded, mostly regulars.
While Montcalm had been in the thickest of the fight, with his coat off, seeing, comprehending, directing everything; Aber- crombie had been snugly but ingloriously ensconced at a saw mill two miles distant. And although the English possessed the advantages of position and heavy artillery, although in numbers they still exceeded the French fourfold, Abercrombie, paralyzed with "extremest fright and consternation," embarked his army the next morning, and did not draw a free breath until "he had placed the lake between himself and Montcalm."
Thus disastrously ended the expedition which had been inaugurated with such bright hopes. Its shame was, however, somewhat redeemed by Col. Bradstreet, who, at his own desire, and according to his own plan, was detached with a consider- able force against Fort Frontenac, on the St. Lawrence, near its junction with Lake Ontario. This, after a two days' siege, he captured and destroyed, with its large stores of provisions and military equipments, and nine armed vessels. He then returned to Oswego, having frustrated a proposed attack of the French on the Mohawk River settlements; restored the com- munication between Albany and Oswego; and obtained the command of Lake Ontario.
In the south, Fort du Quesne had been taken, nominally by Gen. Forbes, but really through the sagacity and energy of the youthful Washington, who commanded the Virginians. On its site the flag of Great Britain was joyously planted, and the place was named Pittsburgh. "It is the most enduring trophy of the glory of William Pitt. America afterwards raised to his name statues that have been wrongfully broken, and granite monuments of which not one stone remains upon another; but, long as the Monongahela and the Alleghany shall flow to form the Ohio, long as the English tongue shall be the language of freedom in the boundless valley which their waters traverse, his name shall stand inscribed on the Gateway of the West."1
1 Bancroft, Hist. U. S., iv, 313.
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HISTORY OF ANCIENT WINDSOR.
Thus, with the exception of the unfortunate affair at Ticon- deroga, this campaign closed with honor to the British arms, presenting a marked contrast to the bad management and accumulated disaster of previous years.
JOHN CHICK was 2d Lieutenant in 3d Company, Ist Regiment. JOHN ELLSWORTH was Ensign in 9th Company, Ist Regiment. MEDINA FITCH was a first lieutenant.
JONATHAN GILLET was a first licutenant.
SILAS CASE (Wby) aged 18, was buried, Sept. 16, half-way between Albany and Lake George.
JONAH FILLEY (Wby)
ABEL LOOMIS (Wby) buried October 16th, at Green Bank.
JOHN LOOMIS (Wby ) buried November 12, between Albany and Cheffield.
JOHN MUMFORD (Wby) aged 21, died with small-pox, in Dec'r, above Albany.
RICHARD FITCH, aged 18, enlisted and went to Oswego and Montreal; on his return took the small-pox, which he communi- cated to three children of his father's (James) family.
FRANCIS DRAKE and JEDIDIAH EGGLESTON, were impressed and en- listed in the spring, but on account of sickness were allowed to return home, where they were a long time sick.
The campaign of 1759 opened with a free seacoast and a clear road into Canada, whose conquest became the great object of the British ministry. To effect it, three expeditions were planned, which should act simultaneously. Gen. Wolfe, the hero of Louisburg, was to attempt the capture of Quebec. Gen. Amherst was to reduce Ticonderoga and Crown Point, and then to form a junction, via. the Sorel and St. Lawrence Rivers, with Wolfe at Quebec. Gen. Prideaux was to move against Niagara, and, if successful, to embark on Lake Ontario, and passing along the St. Lawrence was to besiege the city of Montreal. The colonies were required to furnish the same number of men as for the previous year, and "Connecticut," says Bancroft, "which distinguished itself by disproportionate exertions, raised, as in the previous year, 5000 men. To meet the past expense, the little colony incurred heavy debts, and learning political
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THE FRENCH WAR.
economy from native thrift, appointed taxes on property to dis- charge them."
Gen. Amherst was first in the field, and en route for Ticonde- roga, which the enemy abandoned on his approach, and retreated to Crown Point, which they also evacuated in a very few days. Being thus in possession of these important posts, the general took active measures for the building of a fleet on Lake Cham- plain, to oppose that of the French at that point. Meanwhile Ticonderoga was repaired, and a strong fort erected at Crown Point.
While Amherst was thus employed, Prideaux had set siege to the fort at Niagara, where he was killed, but his place was ably filled by Sir William Johnson, who in a sharp and protracted encounter completely routed the enemy. Three important posts were now gained, but Quebec, the heart of the French dominion, was still untouched, and to its reduction every effort of com- bined skill, sagacity and numbers was turned.
On the 26th of June, a splendid British fleet, with 8000 picked troops, under Wolfe, arrived before the precipitous and appa- rently impregnable cliffs of Quebec. On those battle-crowned summits, Montcalm commanded, and though feeble in numbers, he was as usual, cool, wary and intrepid; and his chief strength was the nature of his position. Such were the peculiar diffi- culties and obstacles to be overcome, that in spite of repeated but unsuccessful attempts, and the utmost sagacity and energy, it was not until the 15th of September, that any full assault could be made. On that night, in silence and darkness, the perilous ascent was made, and at daybreak Wolfe and his army stood in battle array upon the Plains of Abraham.
Montcalm was amazed and confounded, but his brave soul re- solved in the very forlornness to make a brave blow to avert the almost inevitable doom which he saw awaiting him. Why need we recount the details of that eventful battle ? Empire hung breathless on its every turn, and when the victorious shouts of the British troops fell upon the ear of their dying chief, he ex- claimed, " Now, God be praised, I die happy."
Among the loose manuscripts of the town, is the following subscription paper, circulated among the members of the First
44
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HISTORY OF ANCIENT WINDSOR.
trainband in Windsor, under command of Captain Nathaniel Hayden :
Windsor, 13th of April, 1759.
" Whereas ye Providenee of God Binds a Necessity upon us to exert ourselves to ye utmost of our Power in ye Present warr and a number of our Young men ealled to enter His Majesty's serviee this Currant year, and altho' ye Assembly have done considerable to ineonrage men to enlist freely into said service, it is thought advisable that since a number of our friends must go, and ye serviee attended with much hardship as to require incouragements, that a further ineouragement be given by ye subscribers to ineourage men in ye said Ist Company in Wind- sor to enlist into said serviec, & it is Hoped & Expected & Re- quested yt all within ye limits of ye said Ist Company, whether in ye [Train-] Band or out of ye [Train-]Band, give their incour- agement."
This was subseribed to by 46 influential men of Windsor, on condition that the sons and servants of such subscribers should be exempt from impressment. The amount subseribed, £54 17.s. was to be divided among the enlisted and impressed men. The state requisition was for sixteen men. On the back of the document was the following endorsement :
Soulgers that Listed.
Soulgers Prest.
ROGER ENO,
JOEL PALMER,
JOHN GRANT,
NOAH BARBER,
JOSEPH MARVIN,
JOSEPH YOUNGS,
JOHN ALFORD,
MOSES BARBER,
DANIEL FILLEY,
JEREMIAH ALFORD, Jr.,
EBENEZER LOOMIS,
Sgt. PHINEHAS DRAKE.
JOHN ALLYN, Jr.,
URIAH PEES [E],
SAM. ENO, Jr.,
JOHN JAPHETH [eolored].
SAMUEL LATTIMORE also appears on bills in this eampaign.
The year 1760 opened with an attempt by the French to retake Quebee, which was for a while averted by the vigilance of the general in command. On the 26th of April, however, the enemy invested the city, and the British commander, foolishly prefer- ring to risk a battle rather than endure a siege, found himself overmatehed and obliged to retire within the walls, with a heavy loss. The French, flushed with this success, set actively
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THE FRENCH WAR.
to work to capture the town, which was only saved by the opportune arrival of a large British fleet.
Montreal, also, had been invested by three large English armies under Lord Amherst and Generals Haviland and Murray. It shortly after capitulated on honorable terms, and with it all the French possessions in Canada passed into the power of Great Britain.
The Windsor men in this campaign were mostly in service in this siege.
By the kindness of Mr. Elihu Marshall, of Poquonnoc, Wind- sor, we are enabled to present our readers with the following digest of two muster rolls of General Lyman's Regiment in this campaign. One of these, evidently an orderly sergeant's roll, was entitled:
"A Muster roll of Gen" Lyman's Company " in "Camp at Montreal, Sept. 4th, 1760."
This we have copied, with sundry additions and items gleaned from the other document, which is " A List of General Phinehas Lyman's Company of all ye enlisted men, with the time of their several enlistments, and the time of the death of those that are dead, and that are deserted, or never joined; and the time of their receiving the King's bounty." This is drawn up in a formal and handsome manner, on a large sheet of paper, and endorsed on the back " R[oyal] A[rtillery], Nº 42."
General Lyman was a distinguished officer in Connecticut, and a native of Suffield. His company, as will be seen, was made up principally of Suffield and Windsor men; and, indeed, so intimate has been the connection between the two towns, that we have not been able to locate many of the names which have become so common in each place. We have therefore left that to the more abundant leisure and industry of descendants and genealogical investigators. Windsor, more especially the Poquonnoc district, is well represented.
Rank. Names.
Gen1 Phinehas Lyman.
Capt Giles Wolcott.
Lieut. Roger Euos. Do. Silas Holcomb.
Ensign John Strong.
Do. Elihu Humphrey.
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HISTORY OF ANCIENT WINDSOR.
Rank. Names. Serg" Major Sam" Granger.
Qr Sergt James Harman.
Sergt Joel Addams.
Do. Joseph Marvin, enlisted March 24.
Do. Oliver Hanchet.
Do. Ephraim Addams.
Do. Shadrach Phelps.
Do. John Slaid.
Do. Phinehas Southwell.
Do. Eleazer Smith.
Do. Reuben Denslow.
Do. Wm. Ross.
Do. Jonth Allyn.
Do. Philander Pinney.
Do. Thomas Jerrit, enlisted March 25.
Do. Zephany Snow, enlisted Do.
Do. Jonth Beaman, enlisted Do.
Clerk, Joab Griswold, enlisted March 24.
Do. Nath" Humphrey.
Doct" How.
Do. Andrus.
Chap1 Beckwith.
Corp1 Abiether Evans, enlisted March 25.
Do. Dan King.
Do. Ebenezer Phelps.
Do. Elisha Spencer.
Do. Stephen Holcomb.
Drumm" Ephraim Goodrich.
Do. Elijah Reed.
Do. Sam" Marvin, deserted Sept. 22d.
Privates, Daniel Enos, enlisted April 1st.
Nath" Griswold, enlisted March 24.
Francis Griswold, enlisted Do. John Lewis, enlisted March 26, deserted Sept. 15th. Timothy Soper, enlisted April 4th.
Abiether Jones, enlisted Do. 26.
David Jones, enlisted Do. 26. Epraphras Wolcott, enlisted March 25.
Moses Fargo, enlisted Do.
Jonath Bewell, enlisted Do. 16.
Sam" Blackmore, enlisted Do. 25.
Berijah Brunson, enlisted Do. 25. Elisha Pendal, enlisted March 25.
Roswell Davis.
Jonath" Brown, enlisted March 24.
Richard Fitch, enlisted March 25. Simeon Allin.
Austin Phelps, enlisted March 24.
Benajah Webster, enlisted March 25.
--
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THE FRENCH WAR.
Rank. Names. Privates, Isaac Crowfoot, deserted Sept. 15. Phinehas Fuxley. Joshua Preston. Ebenezer Burbank. Joseph Towner. Stephen Bu[c]kly, enlisted March 25. Joseph Stoughton. David Allyn. Silas Simans. Thos Newberry, enlisted March 25. Jonth Gillett, enlisted May 1, died Oct. 3d. Joseph Easton. Thos. Austin.
David Allyn, Jr.
Moses Warner. Reuben Phelps. John Rimington. Wm Middleton.
Marshall Stanly. Elias Austin.
Hosea Brunson. John Alford, enlisted March 24. David Spencer.
Ebenezer Halladay.
Thaddeus Lyman.
Brown Be[c]kwith.
Enoch Granger. Thos. Williams, Jr. Dudley Hayse. Jesse Goddard.
Jehiel Messenger. Richard Andros.
Isaac Goff, died Sept. 13th.
Aaron Noble, enlisted April 4.
Moses Holcomb, died Oct. 4th.
Shadrach Phelps, Jr.
Primus Hills. 1 Isaac Fosbery. John Williams. John Forward. Joseph Hinksman. Thos. Davis. Abel Norton, died Aug. 27th. Dan Pom [e]r[o]y. John Thomas, enlisted March 28th. Joel Peck.
1 Probably the old colored Dr. Primus, afterwards of East Windsor.
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HISTORY OF ANCIENT WINDSOR.
Rank. Names. Privates, Timothy Wills. Wm. Cammel. John Dewey. Benjamin Thrall. Elijah Brunson. John Thomas, enlisted March 28.
William Harrington, enlisted March 26. Not joined. Thomas Parsons, enlisted May 21. Not joined.
GILES GIBBS (Ell.), aged 17, was drafted and died, north of Crown Point, of camp-distemper.
The French war was now virtually at an end. The balance of the year 1760, was occupied with a distressing and harrass- ing war between the Southern Colonies and the Cherokees, which was finally brought to a successful close. The year 1761 was mostly spent in repairing and strengthening the numerous posts gained from the French, a work in which the provincials were much employed.
At the commencement of 1762, England found herself in- volved in war with the principal continental powers, and the greatest part of the maritime power of Europe. The colonies were therefore required, as heretofore, to furnish men and arms for service, and in an expedition which was made against Mar- tinique and the French posts in the West Indies, in the early part of 1762, a large number of colonial troops were employed.
Shortly after, war was declared against Spain, and a large fleet with some 15 or 16,000 troops was sent to attempt the reduction of Havana and the Spanish West Indies. A large num- ber of provincials under their own officers, joined this under- · taking. The greatest obstacles of nature and art, the terrors of pestilence and the burning rays of a tropical sun, endured for two long months, had almost wasted and destroyed this courageous and energetic army, when their drooping spirits were revived by the opportune arrival of a reinforcement from North America, and the 15th of August, the town, the shipping in the harbor, and a large extent of territory, were surrendered to the English commander. New England in this enterprise lost a large number of her sons. Slain in battle, or swept off by the pestilence, but few ever returned to their homes.
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