History of Dubuque County, Iowa; being a general survey of Dubuque County history, including a history of the city of Dubuque and special account of districts throughout the county, from the earliest settlement to the present time, Part 15

Author: Oldt, Franklin T. [from old catalog]; Quigley, Patrick Joseph, 1837- [from old catalog]
Publication date: 1911
Publisher: Chicago, Goodspeed historical association
Number of Pages: 1102


USA > Iowa > Dubuque County > History of Dubuque County, Iowa; being a general survey of Dubuque County history, including a history of the city of Dubuque and special account of districts throughout the county, from the earliest settlement to the present time > Part 15


Note: The text from this book was generated using artificial intelligence so there may be some errors. The full pages can be found on Archive.org (link on the Part 1 page).


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On March 22, 1861, city scrip was quoted at 55 cents; school orders, 50 cents ; county warrants, 90 cents ; exchange on New York, 6 per cent premium selling ; gold, 6 per cent premium. E. C. David received the appointment as postmaster of Dubuque late in March. 1861. About the middle of March, 1861, the Herald began the issue of a bi-weekly in addition to its daily and weekly editions. It was issued as an experiment.


Newman & Cooper and Cooper & Smith were large manufac- turers of wagons and plows in 1861. The former were selling from five to ten wagons a week in March and the latter were turn- ing out annually 1,000 plows. They also manufactured harrows and other agricultural implements.


The banking houses here in March, 1861, were as follows: State Bank Branch, H. Markell & Co .; J. L. Langworthy & Bros. ; Bab- bage & Co .; Theo. Gelpcke & Co. The second mentioned were the successors to Markell, Darrow & Co., and the last mentioned were the successors to Gelpcke. Winslow & Co.


138


HISTORY OF DUBUQUE COUNTY


Mike Blumenauer's school of gymnastics had a class of twenty- five men and about fifteen boys early in April, 1861. Gymnastics had been taught here before by Professor Schill. The Cincinnati Price Current said that Dubuque in 1860-61 packed 5,068 hogs, against 3,400 the year before.


For the fiscal year 1860-61 the receipts were $55,249.05, and the expenses $36,484.76.


Of the receipts above nearly $50,000 was delinquent or old school and special tax previous to 1860. From the special interest tax of 1859 and the delinquent tax of the same year alone the receipts were $26,000. The largest items of expense were $8,665.90 inter- est on coupon bonds and $9,425.30 for outstanding city bonds.


The Dubuque Elevator Company during the winter of 1860-61 shipped large quantities of grain to Chicago. Many times it sent from 10,000 to 20,000 bushels at one date. In the spring of 1861 it was shown that in Dubuque few if any residences either of the rich or poor had water, gas or proper ventilation. Few if any houses had been constructed with a view to ventilation. Many houses had no water in their yards, and not over a dozen in the city had water accommodations inside. This was, no doubt, owing to the absence of waterworks. Gas was a luxury scarcely to be afforded by the richest citizens and for the average and poor citi- zens was quite out of the question .- (Herald, April 11, 1861.)


The failure of Gelpcke & Co., May 6, 1861, caused great excite- ment among the depositors and throughout the business circles of Dubuque. A large crowd collected at the bank. It became rumored that Theo. Gelpcke had left the city, taking all the gold with him, or else had secreted himself here. About fifty men accordingly gathered at his residence on Locust street with the intention of searching the premises. Upon learning that he was not at home the crowd, now about one hundred, moved down Main street, where they were addressed at the Washington House by William B. Allison, who stated that he, as assignee, was preparing a statement of the bank's condition. He said he had $5,000 of the bank's cash and that the amount due depositors was about $40,000, and notes soon due to the amount of about $12,000 more. He promised to do all he could for depositors. Rev. Mr. Dennis also addressed the crowd (now over 200) and advised moderation. He said on authority that 50 to 60 per cent of the bank's debts would be paid. The crowd slowly dispersed. In June the assignee paid 20 per cent : total liabilities about $37,000.


On May 15, 1861, New York exchange was 10 per cent pre- mium selling, and American gold 15 per cent same; Chicago exchange was at par. The merchants assembled in mass meeting late in May, 1861, to devise means to get rid of the pest of depre- ciated currency from which all suffered. F. V. Goodrich was chair- man. The subject was fully considered, and protests against any


I39


HISTORY OF DUBUQUE COUNTY


action were presented. At an adjourned meeting Patrick Quigley presided. The committee appointed at the previous meeting recom- mended the E. K. Willard & Co. list of Chicago for Illinois bills. An 80 and 90 cent list was recommended for Wisconsin bills. They further recommended 35 cents for depreciated Illinois bills and 40 cents for depreciated Wisconsin bills. There was much difference of opinion as to what should be done, and all realized that any list adopted would need constant revision.


The Eighteenth Annual Grand Communication of the Grand Lodge ( Masonic) commenced at Dubuque, June 4, 1861, in Tur- ner's hall. Thomas H. Benton, G. M. of Council Bluffs, was pres- ent and in his official position. E. A. Guilbert, of Dubuque, was senior grand warden; J. S. Dennis, of Dubuque, grand chaplain ; WV. K. Hall, of Dubuque, A. G. T., and H. S. Jennings, of Dubuque, G. P. They passed resolutions regretting the death of Senator Douglas.


On June 20, 1861, New York exchange was 10 per cent premium selling; American gold. 15 per cent premium selling; city scrip, 55 cents; county warrants, 90 cents ; school orders, 50 cents; Cen- tral Improvement scrip, 10 cents ; city short bonds, 50 cents; city coupon bonds, 30 cents. By the last of June, 1861, the walls of the custom house were up and ready for the roof-no more could be done yet. On July 21, 1861, the Herald came down to the new financial gold basis and quoted New York exchange at 2 per cent premium and American gold at 1/2 per cent premium. The Fourth of July, 1861, was celebrated here in grand style. Lincoln Clark was the principal orator. A chorus of eighteen singers rendered the national airs. Bands, parades and boat excursions were features. On Wednesday, July 29, 1861, the mercury reached 98 degrees in the shade; on the 30th, 98; on the 31st, 99, and on August 1, 91. There was much complaint because hogs were permitted to roam the streets. The city had plenty of laws, but the hogs would not mind them, humorously observed the Herald.


In August, New York exchange was 2 per cent premium selling, American gold 1/2 per cent premium selling, city scrip 50 cents, county warrants 88 cents, school orders 50 cents.


"In passing around town and seeing now and then an empty building once filled with goods or occupied four or five years ago by some man who soon ran his peculiar race of folly or extrava- gance, we are reminded of the contrast between the flush times of 1856-57 and the dullness of 1861-62."-(Herald, August 10, 1861.)


One of the most extensive branches of business here in 1861 and before was the lumber trade. Seven or eight firms were thus engaged with a large capital.


In September, 1861, over 130,000 bushels of wheat were received here by railroad from the West. There were also received 5,000


140


HISTORY OF DUBUQUE COUNTY


barrels of flour. In one week 48,000 bushels of wheat were received. One of the best improvements of the city council in 1861 was the building of Southern avenue in its continuation over Cavanaugh hill; it cost over $200, but was considered well worth the money.


Samuel McNutt succeeded J. B. Dorr in editorial charge of the Union. A new cable was successfully laid across the river from Dunleith to Dubuque, September 3, 1861. Furniture on a large scale was manufactured here in 1861, but it was a recent industry on so large a scale; only a few years before Dubuque had bought its furniture in the East. Herancourt began this business in 1846. and ten years later built a big factory and employed from twenty- five to forty men ; he made chairs, sofas, tables, desks, etc.


Immense quantities of "stumptail currency" of Eastern institu- tions were in circulation here and throughout the West in Novem- ber, 1861. Farmers were warned against it and advised to take nothing but gold and silver for their wheat, etc.


Large quantities of wheat arrived here in November, 1861, and were handled by the Dubuque Elevator Company. The Elevator Company was shipping thirty to forty carloads of wheat per day- 12,000 to 14,000 bushels. The Elevator Company was now ready to store wheat for the winter.


"Look Out for Bad Money-The farmers are beginning to 'smell a rat' about the State Bank paying out the 'promises to pay' of Tom, Dick and Harry's Eastern bank instead of the notes of the branches of the Iowa State Bank, the only bank paper that any farmer ought to take for his produce. A sensible German farmer slightly opened the eyes of one of the wheat dealers yesterday who offered him checks on the State bank. Said he, 'No. I must gold haben for my veat.' And he got the gold. If the wheat dealers are in the bank's interest in shoving off rags that in a few weeks or months may be like the Illinois or Wisconsin currency, paid out by the State bank and that hit the farmers, lead miners and everybody else six months ago, it is time for the farmers to understand it."- (Herald, November 16, 1861 ).


In December, 1861. the Herald favored the recommendation of Secretary Chase concerning the establishment of National banks. because it believed they would drive out wildcat issues. Late in December Eastern banks began to suspend specie payments and trouble here was anticipated and in a measure forestalled. Samuel McNutt retired from the Union in December, 1861, and the daily ceased to be issued.


Dubuque market, January 3, 1862 .- Extra flour, $4.75; wheat. choice, 58 cents ; eggs, 121/2 cents ; oats, 12 to 14 cents ; corn in ear. 15 to 17 cents ; hay, timothy, $6; butter, 10 cents ; potatoes, 35 to 40 cents ; prairie chickens, $1.50 per dozen ; quails, 65 to 70 cents per dozen: dressed pork, $2 to $2.50; dressed beef, $2.25 to $3.50 per


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HISTORY OF DUBUQUE COUNTY


cwt. ; beef steaks, 6 to 7 cents a pound ; pork steaks, 5 to 6 cents a pound ; turkeys, 40 to 65 cents each.


A Mr. K. bought flour at a mill and received in change a half dollar coin which he was later told was bogus. He returned, demanded good money, was refused and brought suit before Justice O'Meara. There were several witnesses and a long trial. Sud- denly the court thought best to test the coin, whereupon a jeweler pronounced it genuine. It was suggested that the constable should pay the costs.


Pat, an Irishman in the wood market here, described to the Herald reporter his girl in Ireland, as follows: "A fine, strappin' goil wus Mary as iver tied a shafe of corn or driv a lump of a pig to market. The divil a bit of harm was in her and she was as full of fun as an egg is of mate. She was as straight as a rush wid the complexion of the rose and peaches united in one."


"Send Us Treasury Notes-We will take United States treasury notes for subscription to the Dubuque Herald in preference to any bank notes, whether of Iowa, Ohio or Indiana. Persons remitting us money will act accordingly."-(Herald, January 19, 1862.)


The marshal began to sieze game under the game law in Janu- ary, 1862. Bayard Taylor lectured here in January. Gen. Tom Thumb was here also. On January 31 all trains were stopped by a big snowstorm. A concert of 200 children under Mr. Wheeler was an interesting event of the winter of 1861-2. This concert was repeated several times by request-"Wheeler's Juvenile Con- cert." Another feature was the immense shipment of wheat to Dunleith by teans.


PORK PACKING IN DUBUQUE, WINTER OF 1861-62.


FIRMS.


Hogs.


Weight. Aver.


Barrels Lard.


Mess Pork.


F. Weigle


360


320


14I


97


Strobel & Ratlı.


800


290


226 tc


300


H. Brinkman & Co.


825


299


253


187


Mr. Rosenburg


350


280


140


80


J. Hughes


930


290


250 tc


350


Richard O'Brien


300


310


45 tc


I30


Brackett & Morse


4,750


280


1,200 bbls


2,200


Totals


8,315


2,048


3,305


3,344


In addition about 5,000 were shipped from here in bulk, and many live hogs were shipped during the winter.


The old Express and Herald office was sold by the sheriff and bid in by H. Knowlton for $1,500, subject to a mortgage of $2,000 held by W. H. Merritt ; the power press alone was worth the $1,500.


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HISTORY OF DUBUQUE COUNTY


After much tribulation the council finally paid James Rowan for the market ground-$7,000 for the $10,000 owed him. On February 2, 1862, the mercury reached 28 and 30 degrees below zero on the bluffs. In February the price of pork was the lowest in years- $2.25 to $2.40 per cwt. In February it was rumored that the State bank branch here would soon suspend specie payments. Everybody welcomed the treasury note bill-it was expected to relieve the dis- tressful local currency condition. Rouse & Williams operated iron works, built engines, etc. Many shooting matches were held in February. A grand musical service was held at the Julien theater, mainly by Dubuque musicians. It ended with a grand tableau and festival at St. John's Episcopal church, February 13. The new Iowa banking law made Iowa State bank notes and United States treasury notes receivable for taxes-the former only in case it did not suspend specie payments. Another immense snowfall late in February tied up hundreds of carloads of produce all over northern Iowa.


Cooper & Smith in 1862 conducted a big plow and harrow factory here. Early in 1862 the Legislature refused to repeal the prohib- itory liquor law, though strongly urged to do so by Dubuque and other river cities. Early in 1862 it was noted that the price of pork was governed largely by successes and reverses on the battle- field. McNutt was editor of the Times in February, 1862.


This law provided that on the affidavit of any person private houses might be searched for liquors and the right of a change of venue was cut off. "A greater outrage than this has never been attempted in the most despotic countries on earth," said the Herald. "Dubuque has never yet had the advantage of a prominent pork packing establishment and the want of it has been a serious loss to this city. Instead of packing every hog brought to this market for sale, the great bulk of the pork is shipped either on foot or in the carcass to Chicago or some other distant point. This city loses also by its failure to manufacture lard, lard oil, stearine, etc. Instead of grinding up all the wheat brought to this market this city is scarcely more than a station on an accommodation railroad route."- (Herald, February 19, 1862. )


The bill of 1862, which aimed to stop the manufacture and sale of lager beer in Iowa, was vehemently denounced here by press and mass meetings. Dimes, quarters and half dollars of zinc were thick here in April. Nearly every business man had a few in reserve to work off on his neighbor. There was great complaint against the extortions of the Illinois Central Railway company in April, 1862; it was even found advantageous to ship to Chicago via Prairie du Chien. In June city scrip was down to 40 cents. Edward Everett lectured here on "History of the Origin and Character of the War ;" he took the usual northern view and the Herald said, "Whatever Mr. Everett believes we do not believe." In June, 1862, City Treas-


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HISTORY OF DUBUQUE COUNTY


urer Guthrie announced the delinquent tax of 1857 at $13,272.87; interest on the same, $7,034.62. He announced that delinquents could pay in city scrip at 50 cents on the dollar. Immense quanti- ties of wheat were conveyed to Dunleith by the ferry-boat and barges in June. The Herald said in July that McGregor was a better wheat market than Dubuque, owing to the lack of enterprise and concert here. Sometimes as high as 700 wagons loaded with wheat reached McGregor in a single day. It came from as far as 200 miles and lumber was cheaper there.


The Fourth of July, 1862, was generally celebrated all over Dubuque county. At Dubuque the day was ushered in with a salute of cannon and with the peals of bells. Major Brodtbeck was chief marshal. Everybody joined the parade. Rev. A. A. E. Taylor was principal orator. Judge T. S. Wilson was president of the day.


Resolved, by the council, That the holders of all bonds known by the name of short bonds, may have the ordinary evidence of claim, i. e., city orders or scrip, issued them for the same by returning them to the office of the auditor, who will cancel them and cause slips to be issued for the same, for the amount of the original at face named (less 10 per cent) and with 6 per cent interest thereon from the date of said bonds." Adopted July 3, 1862.


Early in 1862 specie began wholly to disappear as it was steadily overreaching in value all paper issues. A number of business men made the attempt in July, 1862, to retire all small change then in circulation and have the banks substitute therefor their own change or scrip checks.


H. Markell & Co. and Babbage & Co., bankers, issued scrip about July 15, 1862, as follows :


DUBUQUE, July 15, 1862. Twenty-Five Cents


Redeemable in United States or Iowa Currency in sums of One Dollar, at the Banking Houses of H. Markell & Co. and Babbage & Co.


JNO. WARE, JR., Teller. R. SCOTT, Teller.


"We are very sorry to know that these bits of paper are to drive out what little silver change there is among us, but derive some con- solation from the fact that it will not be a general system of plasters -- the tradesmen and merchants refraining from going into the busi- ness while the bankers are prosecuting it. Undoubtedly great incon- venience is felt from the scarcity of change but the prevention is


144


HISTORY OF DUBUQUE COUNTY


worse than the cure. Good-bye little half dime and soporific quarter."-(Herald, July 17, 1862. )


In July, 1862, A. Heeb shipped beer to Memphis, the river thereto having been opened by Union gunboats and troops. By July, 1862, the delinquent tax of 1858 was $29,822.33 ; interest, $12,527.97. In 1862 Rouse & Williams made iron columns for Dubuque and out- side buildings ; Woodworth's new brick block contained them. Peo- ple hoarded silver and passed as soon as possible all paper received. A new lot of city scrip was issued in August, 1862. The new frac- tional currency of the government was anticipated in August with much confidence. A floating planing mill-an ingenious contriv- ance-was here in August doing work at the levee. Prof. O. S. Fowler lectured on "Phrenology" in August. Owing to the enforced absence of Mr. Mahony in August, 1862, Stilson Hutchins became editor of the Herald. The Grand Lodge of Odd Fellows assembled here October 22, 1862. W. P. Allen, of Dubuque, was elected R. W. G. representative. In 1862-3 a new passenger depot for the Dubuque and Sioux City line was built. In October, 1862, county warrants were worth 80 cents on the dollar; school orders, 65 cents ; city scrip, 40 cents ; gold, 22 per cent premium selling. In October, Welch Edwards appeared here with his theatrical troupe.


On September 30 and October 1, 2 and 3 the State Fair was held in Dubuque. The city and county made donations of money to secure this event. The city also at its own expense and that of the leading business men enclosed the grounds, cleared the track, erected the buildings. The local committee were Richard Bonson, E. R. Shankland, Judge King, Solon M. Langworthy, W. C. Chamberlain, H. S. Hetherington and Peter Melendy. The fair was a great success, much to the credit of Dubuque.


"Awful .- Coal oil is up to 70 cents a gallon ; potatoes to 50 cents a bushel ; wood, $4 a cord ; butter, 15 cents a pound ; eggs, 12 cents a dozen ; shirting, 30 cents a yard ; cotton batting, 40 cents a pound, and the end is not yet."-(Herald, October 30, 1862.)


Under the delinquency of 1858, 1859 and 1860 a great deal of land all over the county, even in the city of Dubuque, was sold for taxes.


Mr. Dorr, who held a mortgage on the Herald, foreclosed it and took possession of the office in November, 1862. Stilson Hutchins bought the office of the old Northwest and part of the office of the old Dubuque Times and prepared to issue the Dubuque Democratic Herald to take the place of the Herald of Mahony. By this time there was no gold nor silver in circulation ; there were sufficient treasury notes for all ordinary purposes. The Dubuque skating club was organized in December. For many years skating had been the principal pastime during the winter months. A hog weigh- ing 980 pounds came here from Monticello in December : it passed


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EAGLE POINT


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HISTORY OF DUBUQUE COUNTY


on to Chicago. Ten acres of the cemetery were ordered laid off into lots and streets at this date.


A committee of the council appointed to investigate the harbor question reported at the January session, 1863, that in a short time the harbor would be wholly unfit for landing purposes unless the formation of the sandbars could be prevented; that the bar was caused by the filling up of the inner slough at the Third street bridge; that the Third street bridge should be removed or extended in one span over the whole slough and that the right of the city to remove such bridge which had been built by the Central Improve- ment Company was in doubt.


On the 10th of September, 1853, the city of Dubuque executed to F. S. Jesup a deed of trust on the Central island to secure a large amount of indebtedness, say about $30,000. On October 24, 1856. the city also executed to W. W. Corcoran a mortgage on Central island, with other lands, to secure the payment of $100,000, payable at New York, May 1, 1876. The Jesup trust was not acknowl- edged, so far as the records showed. On March 20, 1857, the city contracted with J. P. Farley and others known as the Central Island Improvement Company to convey the said island to said company in consideration that the company should assume the indebtedness of the city to Corcoran and Jesup. The company thus assumed such indebtedness and on October 19, 1859, the city executed a deed of Central island to the Central Improvement Company by which the city conveyed all the right it then had or might afterwards have in the island and the beds of sloughs with the right to fill or dredge the same. On March 3, 1860, Congress granted to the city all the title of the state of Iowa to the sloughs and beds of sloughs within the said property. Whatever right this act conferred upon the city would thus inure to the benefit of the Improvement Company under the prior act. On March 14, 1859, in consideration of a release from the indebtedness before assumed, amounting without interest to $120,000, the company made a contract with the city by which the company reconveyed to the city every third lot of the lots into which the island was laid out. In this contract the company obligated itself to pave a levee on the main channel of the Missis- sippi river along the entire front of the island and to have the work done by January 1, 1861 ; also to fill and grade Second and Fourth streets from the east line of lots of the old town of Dubuque not less than forty feet wide with proper slopes for embankments and to have Second street finished by January 1, 1862, and Fourth street by January 1, 1863. These conditions were never fulfilled. nor the work of paving or grading the streets ever commenced. This con. tract was never signed by the city, but the company claimed the contract to be valid, inasmuch as the company signed it and made the conveyance to the city of the said lots and the conveyance was afterward accepted by the city by resolution. By January 1, 1863,


146


HISTORY OF DUBUQUE COUNTY


the incumbrances on the island were far beyond its then actual value. There was the indebtedness of $120,000 and interest for several years and a county tax of $6,447.31 from 1857 to 1861 inclusive. In addition there was the city tax due and unpaid.


On January 1, 1863, the office of city auditor was declared vacant, that official having been absent for a long time and neglected his duties. On January 9 about 250 wagons of pork were here at one time. On another day 100 wagon loads of firewood were on the streets; wood was worth $4.50 and $5, much higher than usual. George Francis Train lectured here January 17 on "English Shams : American Realities." John G. Armstrong, of Dubuque, formed a business connection with him and took the road. The printers had a big festival on Franklin's birthday. During 1862 and much of 1863 there was a great scarcity of small change ; small packages of postage stamps were used-5, 10 and 25-cent packages. There was a great drouth in January, so that water haulers were employed to fill the city cisterns to be in readiness for fires. January, 1863, was very mild, so that ferry boats ran as regularly as in summer. In January live hogs were worth only $2.90 to $3.25 ; wheat, 95 cents to $1 ; beef cattle on the hoof, $1.75 to $2.25, and whisky was going up, notwithstanding the efforts of most men to put it down. The Democrats here called the fractional currency "Chase's shinplasters." Immense quantities of ice were put up in 1862-3, George Zumhoff alone storing 45,000 tons.


Early in January, 1863, Dubuque was shut off for a week from the outside by the deep snow and intense cold. Many domestic animals throughout the county perished. About this time $50,000 was offered for Kelly's bluff, but the eccentric owner refused to sell. James Burt was president of the skating club. Treasury notes on March 2 were at a small premium on 'change, city short bonds were worth 45 cents ; county, warrants, 971/2 cents; Iowa state warrants, 98 cents ; quartermaster's vouchers, 90 cents. In February green- backs were here in abundance and were accepted by all business houses and farmers. In February all prices began to advance in leaps and bounds. The Herald seemed to lose no opportunity to denounce the branch of the State Bank. Gold ran up to about $1.70 here, but soon fell to $1.45. Early in 1863 Professor Lascelles and his assistants gave their series of grand concerts at the Julien theater ; parts of the performance were "Blue Beard," "The Ship on Fire," "The Spirit of the Storm," "St. Patrick's Day," etc. The press declared this to be the grandest musical event ever in Dubuque up to that date. "The Lascelles third concert was attended by a large audience, which testified almost breathlessly to the rare and beautiful music. Mrs. Lascelles possessed a soprano voice of rare sweetness and compass, and Miss Anna Lascelles cap- tured the audience with her Yankee songs. Mr. Lascelles played




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