USA > Iowa > Dubuque County > History of Dubuque County, Iowa; being a general survey of Dubuque County history, including a history of the city of Dubuque and special account of districts throughout the county, from the earliest settlement to the present time > Part 41
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In 1877 the Democrats named James H. Shields for mayor, and the Republicans again selected George B. Burch. The board of trade attacked the Burch administration for its alleged high ex- penses. The Herald, which had supported Burch, did not agree with the board of trade, and again supported Burch as against the regular Democratic nominee, Shields. With the Herald's aid the Republicans won, thus-Burch (R.) 1,683, Shields (D.) 1,579. For auditor, Reynolds (D.) received 1,397 and Brandt (R.) 1,954. For assessor, Dowling (D.) received 1,507, Anderson (R.) 1,643. The issues were ( 1) reduced taxation; (2) reduced general ex- penses ; (3) reduced street expenses; (4) Seventeenth street improvements to be continued ; (5) reduced saloon license.
In October, John P. Irish, candidate for governor, Kirkwood, and Stubbs spoke at Dubuque. The Greenbackers were very strong
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at this date. The Democrats made a clean sweep of the county. Irish (D.) received for governor 3,415 votes, John H. Gear (R.) 1,587, and D. P. Stubbs (G. B.) 406. For state senator, Mason M. Ham (D.), editor of the Herald, received 3,681 against 597 for his, opponent, Moore (R.). This was the largest Democratic majority ever polled in the county.
The silver and greenback questions were pronounced here in 1877 and 1878. All the parties were active and vigilant. The Democrats named W. J. Knight for mayor and the Republicans H. L. Stout. Public opinion in Dubuque did not sustain and enforce the prohibitory law. Governor Kirkwood had favored local option in 1875-6. In 1877-8 the parties were divided on the license and prohibitory questions.
Among the leading Greenbackers in 1878 were A. Y. McDonald, S. P. Adams, C. S. Gaylord. Fred O'Donnell was nominated by the Democrats for Congress. H. B. Foulke was Democratic can- didate for prosecuting attorney of the Ninth judicial district. On September 5, James G. Blaine spoke in Dubuque. Present also were Clarkson, Runnells and Allison. An immense procession paraded Main street under archies. The election resulted-Upde- graff (R.) elected to Congress over O'Donnell (D.) and Spangler (G. B.). Foulke was chosen district attorney. In the state, Weaver and Gillette (G. B.) were elected to Congress. For secretary of state, Farnsworth (D.) received in Dubuque county 4,169 votes and Hull (R.) 2,085. Taxation for a new court house-for, 487; against, 4,687 ; to restrain stock-yes, 2,038; no, 3,229.
In March, 1879, the Greenback Club in Dubuque endorsed the actions of the Greenbackers in Congress. A. Y. McDonald repre- sented Dubuque at the Greenback convention in Chicago in March. The Democrats nominated for mayor in 1879 W. J. Knight and the Republicans mnominated H. S. Hetherington. Mr. Knight
declined. whereupon John D. Bush was nominated. The entire Democratic city ticket, except auditor. was elected. Bush advo- cated a sinking fund to meet the city debt. Reduction of expenses was the paramount question. A big meeting of the citizens imme- diately after the election took steps to reduce expenses.
In 1879 the leading Greenbackers were A. Y. McDonald, S. P. Adams, M. H. Moore, A. C. Peary, Thomas Faherty, Michael McCarthy, Thomas Finn, John Carson, Michael Noonan, William Quigley, Joseph Ogle, James Sears, Chris Denlinger, Josephi Gehrig, John Muckern, Thomas Cox. Thomas McGinnis, Joel M. Higgins and Owen Mclaughlin.
The Greenbackers were strong in the county in 1879; they named a ticket for the county offices. The Prohibitionists also organized and presented a partial ticket. The result was: For governor, Trimble (D.) 3.950, Gear (R.) 2,498, Campbell (G. B.)
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707: Dungan (Pro.) 17. Generally, the Democrats carried the county.
In April, 1880, the Republicans nominated George B. Burch for mayor ; the Democrats nominated Arthur McCann. John D. Bush ran as an independent Democrat and was elected by 1,550 majority. The Republican auditor, Brandt, was re-elected. Many Repub- licans and Democrats were turned toward Bush. The issues were almost wholly personal. The Herald opposed Bush ; McCann was unjustly abused without stint.
The presidential campaign of 1880 was almost as exciting as that of 1876. Garfield, Hancock and Weaver were the party standard bearers. The Hancock electors received 4,580 votes ; Garfield electors, 3,007; Weaver electors, 257. For constitutional amendment, 1.202 ; against it, 2,179; for constitutional convention, 706; against it, 2,756. In October, John P. Irish made "one of the most brilliant speeches ever heard in Dubuque."
In 1881, John J. Linehan (D.) was elected mayor of Dubuque over John Maclay (R.) by 1,893 to 1.774 votes. The issue was "city extravagance." Guiteau, the assassin of President Garfield, was well known here to a few. He had asked Rev. Mr. Burrell for the use of the Second Presbyterian church for the presentation of his fanatical doctrines, but was evaded and finally refused by Mr. Ragan of the Young Men's Christian Association. On several Sunday afternoons Guiteau accordingly addressed small and curious audiences at Washington Square. Mr. Burrell spoke of him as a "peripatetic religious fanatic." There was general sorrow here when Garfield died.
In October the Democrats elected their entire ticket except senator and treasurer. For governor, Kinne (D.) received 3,864, Sher- inan (R.) 2,669. Clark (G. B.) 162. For the senate, J. K. Graves defeated M. M. Ham by 4,260 to 2,374. For treasurer, Watters (R.) defeated Mccullough (D.) by 3,413 to 3,261. The defeat of Ham was the principal event of this election.
In 1882 the Democrats named for mayor Fred O'Donnell. The Republicans nominated no one for mayor. O'Donnell issued a lengthy statement of the issues, as follows: (1) payment of debt and interest ; (2) encouragement to manufactures; (3) reduction of the floating debt ; (4) reduction of street expenses ; (5) a wagon bridge over the Mississippi; (6) an inner harbor; (7) good men for officers: (8) economy; (9) drainage; (10) city water on the bluffs; (II) a change in ward boundaries. The floating debt was $104.747.28.
In the fall of 1882 the Democratic victories throughout the country roused the party workers here to a high pitch of excite- ment. The November election resulted as follows: For secretary of State, Walker (D.), 5.589: Hull (R.), 1,967; Gaston (G. B.), 87; Congressman Durban (D.), 5,178; D. B. Henderson (R.).
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of Dubuque, 2,385; Foster (G. B.), 78; shall stock be restrained : Yes, 2,356; no, 3,085.
In 1883 Fred O'Donnell (D.), for mayor, won over Philip Pier (R.) by 2.375 to 1,372; there were no special issues. Gov- ernor Sherman addressed the Harvest Home at Farley in August. In November Kinne (D.) received 5,238; Sherman (R.), 1,641; Weaver (G. B.), 66, for governor. The whole Democratic ticket was elected by a large majority.
In the spring of 1884 Dubuque went Democratic by large ma- jorities. For mayor O'Donnell's majority was 1,963, the second largest ; every ward was carried by the Democrats. Prohibition and taxation of churches were prominent issues. The majority against funding the city debt was 1.582.
In the fall all parties were active and enthusiastic. Many able speakers were listened to by large and eager audiences. Among the speakers were John G. Carlisle, D. O. Finch, W. F. Vilas, John A. Logan, D. B. Henderson, S. J. Kirkwood, W. B. Alli- son, Fred O'Donnell, B. B. Richards, A. Y. McDonald, M. H. Moore. There was intense excitement at the time of election. When the result was known the joy of the Democrats was un- bounded and uproarious. The Cleveland electors received in this county 6,033 votes ; Republican electors, 3,246; St. John (Pro.) electors, 6. The balance of the ticket ran about the same. Hen- derson (R.) defeated Linehan (D.) for Congress by 1,236 ma- jority ; Dubuque was the only Democratic county of the seven counties composing this congressional district.
"Never in the history of our city was so much enthusiasm mani- fested in the result of an election as is in this city at present. Early yesterday morning large crowds paraded the streets, shout- ing and blowing horns, thereby making the night hideous and awakening the serene slumberers with their demoniac yells and wild huzzas in favor of their rival candidates." ( Herald, November 6, 1884.)
"The most fiercely contested presidential election since 1860 has about closed. Main street between Fifth and Sixth was densely blocked at an early hour yesterday morning with despondent Re- publicans and hopeful Democrats wondering and hurrahing as the news shifted to this quarter or that. Betting was big and not less than $10,000 changed hands in the streets between the Herald ind Times offices, to say nothing of other parts of the city." ( Herald, November 8, 1884.)
In March, 1885, the Dubuque colored people met in the African Methodist Episcopal church and elected delegates to the colored convention in Des Moines. Prohibition was the leading issue in March, 1885. The Republicans here generally were divided be- tween high license and local option; the Democrats generally fa- vored the former. The Times upheld the existing prohibitory law
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and the Herald opposed it. The majority of the Republicans were anti-prohibitionists. The Democrats nominated John Glab (D.) for mayor, and the Republicans nominated E. W. Duncan (R.) ; the former received 2,398 votes and the latter 1,460; this result was considered a blow at prohibition. For the first time in the history of Dubuque a candidate for sheriff was nominated by the Democracy for a third term-James McCann.
In the autumn of 1885 the Republicans nominated only part of a ticket ; they centered all their strength on J. K. Graves for state Senator; he was defeated by W. J. Knight by 2,394 major- ity. Whiting (D.) for governor received 5,479; Larrabee (R.), 2,454.
About this time David B. Henderson was making his mark in Congress. He lashed the Democrats, especially the southerners, in many sharp wordy duels. In February, 1886, when hit from all sides, he hotly said: "I would rather spend an eternity in hell with a Confederate than an eternity in heaven with a northern copperhead." This declaration was many times afterward flung in his teeth. John Glab was renominated for mayor by the Democ- racy and was elected; the Democrats carried the city. A factory labor bill was introduced in the legislature by Senator Knight in the spring of 1886. The manufacturers of Dubuque, in mass meeting assembled, resolved that the bill was not adapted to the industries of Iowa; thirty-one local manufacturing houses signed the resolutions against the bill.
During five days' registration in October, 1886, 4,623 names were added to the election rolls. For secretary of state, Sells (D.) received 5,578; Jackson (R.), 2,452, and the prohibition candidate, 20. For courthouse bonds, 1,744; against courthouse bonds, 4,621. To restrain stock-yes, 2,595; no, 3,547.
The Democrats and Republicans nominated full tickets in the spring of 1887. This was done in spite of the numerous evils complained of and regardless of the strong attempt to unite both parties to defeat the labor movement. An equalization of ward population was effected by taking from the fifth and adding to the first, second and third ; this angered the fifth ward and they held a big indignation meeting and declared the change an unfair gerry- mander. The necessity for a union of Democrats and Republicans was declared to be "to crush ont the impending evil of prohibi- tion that just now threatens great danger to this city." The Labor party fully organized in the spring of 1887 and named a ticket with C. A. Voelker for mayor at the head. They held numerous meetings, listened to strong speakers from abroad and ably con- tested with the old parties for supremacy. It was thus a three- cornered fight, with both of the old parties badly scared. Capital- ists feared anarchy in case the Labor ticket succeeded. The con- test was sharp and decisive. For mayor Voelker (L.) received
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1,984 votes; Preston (D.), 1,241 ; Gilliam (R.), 1,091 ; generally the Labor party elected its city ticket-recorder, auditor, treas- urer, assessor and attorney. They had control of the city coun- cil. They held a big demonstration to signalize their victory. There had registered 4,666 voters.
"It is putting it mildly to say that every one yesterday was drawing his breath and wondering what did it. It was a result that had not been anticipated and it was therefore a surprise. It is the wave that has been sweeping through the land for a year or two past. Labor is in a state of unrest; it has not had its rights as capital has had and is now asserting itself. It swept Dubuque on Monday and it made a clean sweep of it, too, and no mistake. The labor reformers and especially the Knights of Labor must now assume the entire responsibility for the city gov- ernment. There was a general feeling of despondency and dis- couragement around town yesterday and there is no doubt what- ever that many men believe that the name of this triumph will be a great injury to Dubuque." (Herald, April 6, 1887.)
"Nothing has happened in Dubuque for years that has so thor- oughly frightened business men as the election of the Knights of Labor ticket on Monday last. The business men of Dubuque are frightened and they have cause to be. They fear that a blow is aimed at the prosperity of the city; that activity in real estate will cease; that investments will be driven away; that building will be retarded; that taxes will be increased, and that rich men will be made to sweat. The Republicans, while as citizens did not favor the success of the Labor ticket, yet as partisans are rejoic- ing that it succeeded, because the Democratic ticket was therefore defeated." (Herald, April 8, 1887.)
Mayor Voelker said in his inaugural: "We wish it understood that we contemplate no startling changes or innovations. We have no new or untried theories which we desire to practice. But we do declare that honesty and integrity shall be the basis of our actions. Socialism and communism we despise and abhor. It is our intention to manage city affairs as economically and honestly as any citizen would his private business. We have no war to wage with capital. We aim and hope to better the conditions and prospects of the laboring masses." The vote in the city in 1886 was 4,231 ; in 1887 it was 4,316. It was figured that the Demo- crats lost to the Labor ticket 1,444 votes and the Republicans 457. After the election the general sentiment was, give them a fair trial and hold them responsible for results.
In the fall of 1887 there were three tickets in the field-Demo- cratic, Republican and Labor. Both of the former feared the latter and partly at least united for its defeat. The Labor party's plan to equalize taxation threw 'consternation into the ranks of the country's wealthy men, but in reality added over $3,000,000 to
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the assessment, mostly from taxdodgers. The old parties persist- ently misunderstood, perhaps intentionally, the real objects of the Labor party ; they declared the design was to tax capital out of existence. The election resulted as follows: Dubuque county- for governor, Anderson (D.), 4,521; Larrabee (R.), 1,894; Cain (Lab.), 1,456; in the city of Dubuque-Anderson (D.), 2,014; Larrabee (R.). 1,085; Cain (Lab.), 1,147." There were polled 4,246 votes in the city and 7,871 in the county ; the entire Demo- cratic ticket was elected.
"Great credit must be given to the Republicans for this glorious result in Dubuque county. Throughout the city they voted gen- erally for the Democratic county ticket, as they considered it es- sential to the continued prosperity of the city that the Labor party should be beaten ; and as the Democratic ticket offered the only means to do this they voted for it. The Republicans of Dubuque have done nobly; and in rejoicing over the result the Democrats want to accord them full credit and honor. They did splendidly." (Herald, November 9, 1887.)
In the spring of 1888 the three parties were divided and va- riously reunited. All who feared the Labor party fused, called themselves the "Citizens' Union ticket" and nominated George B. Burch (R.) for mayor, but otherwise named Democrats, except for auditor. The other tickets were called "Straight Democratic" and "Union Labor," the former being headed by John Glab (D.) and the latter by Mr. Voelker (Lab.). It was noted that the Citi- zens' ticket was supported by more straight Democrats than the straight Democratic ticket. The Union Labor ticket was sup- ported by Union laborers, Republicans and Democrats. Both sides worked desperately. The Straight faction finally united with the Citizens' faction. The result was as follows: Burch, 2,316; Voelker, 1,980. Tlie Citizens' ticket, except assessor, was elected. With the example of anarchy in Chicago before them, both old parties were afraid the same conditions might arise here. The victors celebrated their success.
Their defeat in the spring of 1888 was a blow from which the Labor party never fully recovered. They named a ticket in the succeeding fall, but their vote was light. The two old parties named full county tickets and fought hard for their national tick- ets. The Prohibitionists also named a full ticket. The registra- tion in the county for several years was as follows: 1882, 5,441 ; 1883, 6,912 ; 1884, 9,237; 1885. 7.720; 1886. 8,481 ; 1887, 7,806. The registration in the city of Dubuque was: 1886, 4,621 ; 1887, 4.556; 1888. 5,274. The result was as follows: Democratic elect- ors. 5,952 ; Republican electors, 3.055 ; United Labor electors, 328: Prohibition electors, 53. The Democrats elected their county ticket by large pluralities. For Congress Richards received in the county 5.387 votes and Henderson 4,039.
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In 1889 R. W. Stewart was nominated for mayor by the Demo- crats. The Republicans, calling themselves "Independent," nomi- nated C. D. Hayden. The Labor party selected four Democrats and six Republicans for its ticket. Before election the Republicans and Laborites united on the Republican candidates, some conces- sions being extended to the latter. The result was: Stewart (D.), 2,471 ; Hayden (R.), 2,112; the Democratic majority ranged from 146 to 359. The proposition to sell the city real estate re- sulted as follows: Yes, 1,019; no, 1,172. Outgoing Mayor Burch recommended that power to supervise all city departments should be given to the mayor. A division in the Democracy early in this campaign was called "Jacksonians." It was stated at this time that Governor Larrabee threatened to place here a state con- stabulary to enforce the prohibitory law.
"The Republicans should be given severe rebuke for nominat- ing a Prohibitionist for mayor of this city. It gives a bad cast to their whole ticket. Dubuque wants nothing of a party which nominates a Prohibitionist. The Republicans have shown a very small regard for the sentiments of the people of the city against the fanatic prohibition law which has so hampered the business of the city and the industries of the state." (Herald, March 27. 1889.)
Horace Boies, of Waterloo, nominated for governor, was popu- lar here from the start. Hutchison, Republican candidate, was not so well liked even by the Republicans. The campaign was enthusiastic and resulted in this county as follows: Boies (D. ), 6,144; Hutchison (R.), 1,820; Downing (Lab.), 62; Smith (Pro.), 4. The Democrats swept the county. On the question, Shall the number of county supervisors be increased? the result was: Yes. 3,085; 10, 2.899. Shall stock be restrained: Yes, 3,380; no. 2,532. The Democrats nominated J. H. Shields for senator, and the Republicans nominated the old Democratic war- horse, George W. Jones. Shields received 6,030 votes and Jones 1,906. The issues of this campaign were: (1) Prohibition; (2) State control of railroads; (3) Australian ballot; (4) tariff. The election of Boies gave Iowa to the Democrats for the first time in over thirty years. The Democrats of Dubuque county rejoiced as never before, and sent a large delegation to Waterloo to con- gratulate the governor-elect.
In the spring of 1890 the Republicans at their city convention- "Resolved, That it is the sense of the Republicans of the city of Dubuque, in convention assembled, that the repeal of the present prohibition law and the adoption of a judicious license law is a measure demanded by the interests of the state, and would tend to advance the cause of temperance and good government." They did not put up a city ticket, except for aldermen, but eidorsed that of the Democrats. Robert W. Stewart was thus elected mayor.
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In April, 1890, the legislature, by a vote of 81 to 49, voted to con- tinte the existing prohibitory law two years longer. A large dele- gation from Dubuque attended the inauguration of Governor Boies. The latter and Judge Couch (D.) addressed audiences in this county in the fall of 1890. The latter ran against Henderson (R.) for congress, but was defeated in the district by 196 major- ity. Bribery and election frauds were charged in November. Dubuque county gave Couch 3,599 majority. For secretary of state, Chamberlain (D.) received 6,666, and McFarland (R.) 2,830; for constitutional convention, 1,135; against it, 3,156. Five county supervisors were chosen. They were Joseph Schemmel, Thomas Dunn, M. F. McNamara, D. C. Stewart and Joseph Schneller. The total vote polled was 9,525.
In 1891 the Democrats nominated for mayor R. W. Stewart and the Republicans nominated Mr. Crawford. Each party named a full ticket. The result was: Stewart (D.), 2,783; Crawford, (R.), 1,867. The Democrats won the balance of the offices. The Republicans favored prohibition. In June, 1891, Mayor Stewart resigned, and was succeeded by C. J. W. Saunders. It was at this time that General Jones insisted that Dubuque should have the next national Democratic convention. A. Y. McDonald died in July, 1891. He had been a prominent manufacturer and Green- backer ; served in the First Regiment and in the Twenty-first.
On October 30, 1891, Governor Boies spoke here in the opera house : 1,500 heard him. On the platform sat George W. Jones and Thomas S. Wilson, old wheel-horses of Democracy; Fred O'Donnell presided; J. H. Shields also spoke. The campaign was hotly fought throughout this county. Governor Boies also ad- dressed a large audience at Dyersville. Boies (D.) received 6,820 votes and Wheeler (R.) 2,307, for governor. The Democratic county ticket was elected by a large majority.
In the spring of 1892 there was proposed for Dubuque a one- mill tax to retire the floating debt of $120,000. This tax had been levied in 1891 to raise a fund for the engine house. By retiring the floating debt and thus preserving the city's credit, the bonded debt, as it began to fall dute in 1896, could be refunded with bonds bearing a lower rate of interest. The Democrats nominated C. J. W. Saunders for mayor, and the Republicans, Hugh Cor- rance. The Democratic majority for mayor was 1,989. The Republican ticket was really a fusion or combination of all polit- ical elements opposed to the city administration. There had been made during the past year, at enormous expense, but at the request of the citizens generally, vast improvements in streets and sewers; but credit was good, as the city paid 100 cents on the dollar. There were differences over the management of the floating and bonded debt; they were fought out in this campaign.
In September the five wards of Dubuque were divided into
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twelve election precincts. In the fall campaign, 1892, the Demo- crats of this county urged the nomination of Governor Boies for the presidency. "On to Chicago!" was the cry from all parts of Iowa; but Cleveland was renominated. The Australian ballot was used for the first time here and was popular at once. James H. Shields was named for congress by the Democrats. Both par- ties named full county tickets. Boies, Shields, Allison, Hender- son, Colonel Lyon and other prominent speakers entertained their respective followers. The vote in Dubuque county, for congress- man, was: Shields (D.), 6,821; Henderson (R.). 3.587; Jes- sup (Pro.), 51. A similar vote was polled for the balance of the ticket. The presidential vote was as follows: Cleveland electors. 6,832 : Harrison electors, 3,526; Weaver electors (Populist ), 112; Bidwell (Pro.), 45. Three Democratic county supervisors- Cunningham, McNamara and Stewart-were elected by large majorities. There was great rejoicing among the Democrats over the success of their national ticket.
In the spring of 1893 there was a widespread cry for reform throughout the city of Dubuque; this led to the formation of a reform ticket, the design being to carry both city and county. The Citizens' or Reform ticket was headed by A. W. Daugherty for mayor, and the Republicans endorsed the ticket. The Democrats nominated T. T. Duffy for mayor. The Citizens' or Reform ticket generally was successful, Daugherty's majority being 401. The Democrats elected the city attorney, J. E. Knight, and two alder- men, but the balance of the Reform ticket was successful. This result was a complete surprise to the Democrats-was wholly unan- ticipated. "We have met the enemy and we are theirs," and "Was it a landslide, a cyclone, or a cataclysm; what was it?" asked or declared the Herald. The People demanded reform, but what did they want ?
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